WO2006041312A1 - Installation de stockage et de dechargement et procede associe - Google Patents

Installation de stockage et de dechargement et procede associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006041312A1
WO2006041312A1 PCT/NO2005/000383 NO2005000383W WO2006041312A1 WO 2006041312 A1 WO2006041312 A1 WO 2006041312A1 NO 2005000383 W NO2005000383 W NO 2005000383W WO 2006041312 A1 WO2006041312 A1 WO 2006041312A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
units
harbour
waves
wave
distance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2005/000383
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Geir Lasse Kjersem
Harald Vartdal
Original Assignee
Lund Mohr & Giæver-Enger Marin As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lund Mohr & Giæver-Enger Marin As filed Critical Lund Mohr & Giæver-Enger Marin As
Publication of WO2006041312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006041312A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/068—Landing stages for vessels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to transport of oil and gas at sea, more specifically a device as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to installation and operation of a harbour site for storage and loading or unloading of chilled, liquefied natural gas at a distance from the shore in shallow waters, where the alternative is to build storage installations for liquefied natural gas on shore or as a moored, floating installation.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the invention is also applicable to other types of petroleum products, such as chilled gases such as ethane, methane, propane and butane.
  • the invention can be used for storage, loading and unloading of oil and oil products.
  • LNG is a difficult liquid to store and handle due to the low temperature.
  • techniques and equipment have been developed for handling of LNG. .. Storage is normally in either spherical tanks in aluminium or so called membrane tanks.
  • articulated arms or hoses that are well insulated and flexible are often used.
  • the hoses are often very rigid and in reality very inflexible.
  • the articulated arms move normally in one plane only and do not tolerate sideways movements.
  • Harbour sites for LNG are considered to be very hazardous. Therefore, it is not advantageous to place the sites in the vicinity of populated areas.
  • the biggest consumers of LNG are found in densely populated countries. A number of solutions have therefore been suggested to place LNG storage installations at sea.
  • NO published document 126927 describes a harbour site comprising a number of units that are afloat or sunk and otherwise constructed for placing on the ocean bottom. Each unit comprises a base, load-carrying construction and moveable wave- breaking elements that can be moved according to need.
  • US 3,958,426 describes a harbour site comprising a number of units that are placed on the ocean bottom mutually spaced apart, and so that at least one straight mooring location is formed.
  • the units are fitted with fenders.
  • Wave-dampening devices can be fitted between the units.
  • calculations and basin tests have shown that a LNG ship can, in reality, get increased movements if they occur on the windward side of these types of rectangular harbour sites. This is because swells and waves will be reflected from the harbour wall and will be caught between the LNG ship and the harbour construction. In some cases, this can lead to a form of stationary waves between the harbour wall and the LNG ship, something which can increase the movements of the ship.
  • Different forms for these types of harbour sites for LNG built in concrete that shall shield the ships from the waves during loading operations have been suggested.
  • One suggested shape is, for example, to build the construction as a horseshoe and let the LNG ships load/unload inside this. This will reduce the dynamics considerably, but the harbour site will be even more costly than a harbour site in the shape of a rectangle.
  • Another aim of the invention is to provide a harbour site where the wave dampening is best for medium wave frequencies, for example, for waves up to 8-10 seconds frequency, where it might be required for the ship to be able to operate.
  • each of the units of the harbour site is brought or towed to the installation location, finally to be lowered down with the use of known techniques.
  • the units which make up the harbour site can be placed on the ocean bottom at a pre-calculated, relative distance which maximises the wave-dampening effect, and that the units can be given a shape that gives the best wave-dampening effect possible, so that the LNG vessel has advantageous movements during loading/unloading operation at the harbour site.
  • the units that make up the harbour site for LNG according to the invention can be lowered down to the ocean bottom, be removed, be moved and be replaced to form new individual configurations as required using known techniques.
  • the units according to the invention that form the harbour site are placed at a required distance apart.
  • the distance between the units is decided by which wave frequencies one wishes to dampen and which frequencies one wishes shall pass between the units. This distance can be calculated with known methods or be found with the help of basin experiments.
  • the units are placed a distance apart, one will, at the same time, obtain the advantageous effect that a build up of wave energy between harbour wall and side of the ship is avoided.
  • stationary waves can arise between a continuous structure and the side of a ship because of reflections between the vertical sides. Unwanted and extreme parts of the wave energy will thereby be able to slip past between the units.
  • the wave energy is in this way partially broken up and partially is passed out between the units, one will obtain advantageous cancellation effects and thereby a reduction of the wave energy in the area around the harbour site and the ship.
  • the device according to the invention is formed from suitable building materials, such as concrete, steel or aluminium with associated storage volume as required for permanent ballast, seawater and LNG.
  • the harbour site according to the invention is made up by a number of units, for example, 5-7 units, it will be possible to build each unit at a traditional building site.
  • the shape of the units can be flexible and can be adapted to requirements and building methodology.
  • the price will be favourable because the building takes place at a traditional building site.
  • Each of the units will be given the required weight after the installation using known techniques, which ensures stability on the ocean bottom against the forces of the environment.
  • the wave reflections from the units will be smaller, and the energy that lies in this part of the wave spectrum will pass between the units.
  • Waves with this wavelength are normally formed in connection with storms and hurricanes and then the ship will normally not be able to operate because of the wind and will thereby not be in the harbour site.
  • the friction and thereby the wave dampening can be increased in that the units are fitted partially with friction with sharp edges. In certain parts of the wave spectrum, one will in this way get a non-linear dampening and thus remove energy that affects the ship.
  • a favourable form of the units will be to expand the volume of the units below the surface of the water, where one can obtain a stowing of the waves so that the waves break, something which also contributes to wave dampening and reduces the waves on the leeward side of the harbour site.
  • the shape and form of the structure below water can be varied dependent on the surroundings and which wave periods that shall be dampened.
  • Favourable shapes could be an inclined surface corresponding to a beach, a built up structure with sharp edges, a structure which is partially hollow or full of holes etc.
  • the distance on the ocean bottom between the units will be decided by the wave spectra that occur at the installation location and which one wishes to dampen so that it favourably affects the movements of the LNG ship.
  • Calculations of a possible shape of a harbour site have shown that a quadratic shape of the units and with a distance between the units of about 40 metres, placed at a water depth of 18 metres and no expansion of the volume below the surface of the water, will function to dampen wavelengths less than 80 metres.
  • calculations showed that large waves with a wavelength above 200 metres will pass with minimum loss of energy.
  • Further dampening that affects the movements of the vessel favourably can thereby be achieved by, for example, increasing the volume of the units under water, for example, from 5-10 metres depth and down to the ocean bottom.
  • This volume increase can be limited to the volume between the units and be avoided along the mooring locations where the LNG ship is moored.
  • the volume increase can be combined with ensuring a good foundation of the units against the ocean bottom.
  • the incline must be formed so that waves are not reflected towards the LNG ship and lead to undesired movements.
  • Parts of the wave spectrum can also be dampened by, for example, introducing outwardly extending sharp edges corresponding to bilge keels on ships.
  • the LNG ship can easily be moored and operate against the harbour site. If the LNG ship lies at the windward side of a harbour site according to the invention, one avoids that the waves are reflected towards the ship and that unfavourable, stationary waves arise between the ship and the harbour wall.
  • the LNG ship can be moored on the leeward side of the harbour site according to the invention.
  • a pre-estimated part of the wave energy will be able to pass between the units and it will be possible to dampen some of the wave energy. In this way one avoids forming a dangerous focal point for the waves on the leeward side at the same time as the wave energy on the leeward side results in reduced and favourable ship movements.
  • a particularly advantageous form of the harbour site according to the invention will be to place the units so that several mooring spaces are formed and that these mooring spaces form an angle in relation to each other, for example, of 90 degrees. It is possible to adapt angle and placing to known wave directions at the installation location of the harbour site. Thus, one will achieve a reasonable price and very efficient way to avoid the vessel getting waves crosswise of the ship, something that can lead to strong and unfavourable rolling movements.
  • the movements of the ship will, in the main, be in the form of heaving and stamping, something which gives considerably lower movements and dynamic forces mid-ship where the loading and unloading operations of LNG will take place.
  • the harbour site for LNG according to the invention can, if required, also be formed as a U or a V, if one wishes to protect the harbour operations themselves as much as possible and moor the ship in a more protected area where the waves are dampened to a desired extent. This is particularly effective if the underwater part of the units is formed as wave-dampeners, preferably in the direction towards the neighbouring unit.
  • the units that make up the harbour site will preferably be fitted with a number of skirts of steel or concrete which shall contribute to a stable construction against the ocean bottom.
  • a preferred embodiment of the skirts is that they are circular in the horizontal plane and penetrate the ocean bottom as a cup with the bottom up.
  • the skirts will contribute to the soil underneath the ocean bottom structure being closed in and not being eroded by ocean streams.
  • the skirts can be formed according to known techniques to function as suction posts to prevent uplift of the harbour site's units from the ocean bottom as a consequence of buoyancy forces or wave forces.
  • each of the units can possibly be posted to the ocean bottom by using known techniques, alternatively be placed on top of a base that is pre-installed on the ocean bottom.
  • the present invention is characterised in that a harbour site and a method thereof, characterised by the characteristic features of claim 1 and claim 11 , respectively.
  • An advantage with placing the units in the harbour site according to the invention a distance apart from each other will be that the required parts of the wave spectrum can be dampened while waves which can lead to extreme strains on the harbour site pass by.
  • the units which the harbour site is composed of can be built cheaper and easier, at the same time as one achieves dampening of the parts of the wave spectrum where it is relevant for the ships to operate near or at the harbour site.
  • the waves are dampened efficiently by breaking and cancellation effects which are due, among others things, to reflection from many walls and one thus avoids that the wave energy is deflected and appears at focal points other places in the vicinity of the harbour site.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of a unit of the harbour site that stands on the ocean bottom and that is based on storage of LNG in a spherical tank with a cylindrical mid-section and which is placed on the ocean bottom.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of another embodiment of a unit of the harbour site that is based on storage of LNG in a membrane tank that is placed on the ocean bottom.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a horizontal section and a vertical section, respectively, of a possible shape of the harbour site where the units are placed a distance from each other on the ocean bottom where the base of the units is formed to achieve a protecting and dampening effect on the waves.
  • Figure 5 shows a side view of an ocean installation where the units are placed very close to each other.
  • Figure 6 shows a horizontal section of a harbour site where the units are placed on the ocean bottom so that two mooring spaces for the LNG ships that lie at an angle in relation to each other are formed.
  • Figure 1 shows a unit 9 that comprises an upper structure 4 and a base 3 that rests on the ocean bottom 8.
  • Figure 3 shows a harbour site 10 for LNG which is composed of a number of units 9 according to figure 1 that are placed on the ocean bottom so that they form one or more mooring spaces where LNG ships can moor to carry out loading or unloading operations of LNG with the help of certain loading/unloading devices (not shown).
  • a number of the units 9, and possibly all of them, can be equipped with mooring fenders 6 so that it is possible to safely moor the LNG ships 5 to the harbour site with the help of a mooring arrangement (not shown).
  • the mooring fenders 6 can be made from known, flexible materials according to known techniques. However, they do not have to comprise the mooring arrangement, as an alternative embodiment can be that the mooring installation is placed a distance from the harbour site itself.
  • the units 9 that make up the harbour site 10 are formed, build and placed on the ocean bottom 8 in such a way that negative effects of environmental forces, such as waves, wind and current are minimised.
  • the units 9 and the harbour site 10 are formed according to the local environmental conditions such as depth of water, type of ocean bottom, wave formations and where possible, negative effects from environmental forces such as waves, wind and current are minimised.
  • the units 9 are placed on the ocean bottom in a desired configuration such that the desired loading conditions for the LNG ship are the best possible according to operative and safety considerations.
  • the shape of the units 9 into a collected harbour site 10 is adapted to the local wave spectrum at the installation location so that waves that lead to movements of the ships during operations at the harbour site 10 are dampened as much as possible, while other waves are permitted to pass the harbour site 10.
  • Adjustments to the waves can be achieved by setting the units 9 at a distance from each other on the ocean bottom. Small waves will be dampened by short distances and big waves will be dampened by large distances, respectively. Calculations have shown that it is particularly favourable to use a distance between the units 9 that approximately correspond to %- 1 /4 times the wavelength of the waves that one wishes to dampen.
  • a statistical distribution such as significant values of said wave spectrum, one can determine which type of wave frequencies and wave heights is wanted, in the main, to dampen. With significant values, it is meant the mean value of the third of the waves that is highest over a 20 minute period (for measuring the wave height).
  • Other forms of statistical distribution can also be used and as this is known for a person skilled in the art they are not described further herein.
  • the size of the base 3 of the unit 9 can be adapted to achieve the best possible wave dampening. It is advantageous that the upper part of the base 3 is placed below the ocean surface itself, so that a form of a bank is created between the upper part of the base 3 and the ocean surface. Calculations have shown that it is particularly advantageous to place the unit(s) 9 around half a wave height below the ocean surface in relation to wave height and associated wavelength one wishes to dampen. An example of this will be that if the wave height one wishes to dampen is 8 metres, then it is advantageous to place the top of the base 3 approximately 4 metres below the ocean surface 7. To achieve such a distance between the ocean surface 7 and base 3, the size of the base is adjusted accordingly.
  • the appearance of the base 3 also has an influence on the dampening of the waves around the harbour site 10. It is an advantage that the base 3 has a quadratic form in the horizontal plane, where it will, in such an example, only be necessary to carry out changes in the height to adapt the base 3 in relation to the ocean surface. However, it shall be mentioned that other appearances of the base can be applied and they are described in more detail later in the description.
  • FIG 1 shows that LNG can be stored in the unit 9 preferably by using freely suspended spherical tanks 1 in aluminium or by using membrane tanks 2, such as shown in figure 2. It shall be pointed out that these tanks according to the figures are only examples, and that other tank types that meet the same object can be used.
  • the base 4 of the units 9 can also be formed in a number of ways dependent on aims, needs and wishes.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show an example of units 9 which form a harbour site 10 and where each of the units 9 is relatively large and has a relatively large and voluminous base 3 and where these bases 3 are placed relatively near each other.
  • the harbour site 10 functions as a wave dampener or wave breaker for the desired parts of the wave spectrum, for example, waves with periods of less than 10 seconds.
  • the longer period swells will be able to slip through the harbour site 10 if this is desired.
  • the units 9 can be formed with more inclined sidewalls and be placed closer to each other.
  • the units 9 and the bases 3 can be formed with rougher or perforated surfaces, sharp edges, protrusions, etc., if one wishes increased interaction with, and further dampening of, the waves (not shown).
  • the units 9 do not need to lie in a straight line in relation to each other, but can be placed at a desired angle in relation to each other as shown in figure 6. This is advantageous if one wishes to avoid negative effects of, for example, swells that come from varying directions. During loading and unloading operations, it is particularly disadvantageous to get in strong waves and swells in the midship direction. This gives large heaving and rolling movements for the LNG ship 5, at the same time as the ship can be forced against the mooring location, something which is highly undesired during loading and unloading operations of LNG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif sous la forme d'une installation portuaire (10) destinée au stockage, au chargement et au déchargement de produits pétroliers ou de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) au niveau de la mer, le site portuaire (10) comprenant une pluralité d'unités (9) construites en acier ou en béton et disposées sur le fond de la mer (8), ces unités (9) n'étant pas espacées réciproquement sur le fond de la mer (8), la distance les séparant n'étant pas spécifiée mais étant optimale pour que l'installation portuaire (10) amortisse une partie des vagues arrivant sur celle-ci, les autres vagues traversant l'installation portuaire (10). Lesdites unités (9) peuvent présenter une forme extérieure comportant des surfaces rugueuses ou perforées, des bords aigus, des saillies ou analogues, d'où l'obtention d'un frottement accru et d'un amortissement amélioré des vagues. Les unités (9) peuvent également comprendre une base élargie (3).
PCT/NO2005/000383 2004-10-14 2005-10-14 Installation de stockage et de dechargement et procede associe WO2006041312A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20044371 2004-10-14
NO20044371A NO20044371D0 (no) 2004-10-14 2004-10-14 Havneanlegg for flytende naturgass

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006041312A1 true WO2006041312A1 (fr) 2006-04-20

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CN (1) CN100575769C (fr)
NO (1) NO20044371D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006041312A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2930516A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-30 Technip France Sa Structure de chargement et de dechargement d'au moins un navire de transport d'un fluide.
WO2013002648A1 (fr) 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Gravi Float As Usine pour le stockage et le déchargement d'hydrocarbure et procédé associé
WO2016085347A1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Gravi Float As Terminal de fond marin pour activités en mer
WO2017168381A1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte Ltd. Structure de base de fond marin et son procédé d'installation
US9815621B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2017-11-14 Engie Harbour storage facility for liquid fuel
WO2017204749A1 (fr) 2016-05-26 2017-11-30 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte. Ltd. Unité supportée sur le fond marin et procédé pour fournir un terminal de forage d'eau peu profonde
WO2018078534A1 (fr) 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Gravifloat As Installation portuaire et procédé d'amarrage d'un corps flottant dans une installation portuaire

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101665143A (zh) 2008-09-05 2010-03-10 吴植融 多功能海上基地和压载海水与lng或lpg等质量置换方法
CN105109629B (zh) * 2009-04-17 2018-01-30 埃克赛勒瑞特能源有限合伙公司 Lng的码头船对船传输
WO2014047926A1 (fr) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-03 Wu Zhirong Dépôt de liquide côtier

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US3552131A (en) * 1968-06-24 1971-01-05 Texaco Inc Offshore installation
US3675431A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-07-11 Conch Int Methane Ltd Off-shore storage tanks
US3958426A (en) * 1971-03-02 1976-05-25 Sigurd Heien Offshore harbor tank and installation
US4365576A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-12-28 Cook, Stolowitz And Frame Offshore submarine storage facility for highly chilled liquified gases

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NO951977L (no) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-19 Statoil As Fremgangsmåte for lasting og behandling av hydrokarboner
CN1104358C (zh) * 1997-12-18 2003-04-02 美国油田钻探公司 海洋生产和贮存设备及其安装方法
US6089022A (en) * 1998-03-18 2000-07-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) aboard a transport vessel

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US3552131A (en) * 1968-06-24 1971-01-05 Texaco Inc Offshore installation
US3675431A (en) * 1970-05-26 1972-07-11 Conch Int Methane Ltd Off-shore storage tanks
US3958426A (en) * 1971-03-02 1976-05-25 Sigurd Heien Offshore harbor tank and installation
US4365576A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-12-28 Cook, Stolowitz And Frame Offshore submarine storage facility for highly chilled liquified gases

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009138667A2 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-11-19 Technip France Structure de chargement et de déchargement d'au moins un navire de transport d'un fluide.
WO2009138667A3 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2010-02-11 Technip France Structure de chargement et de déchargement d'au moins un navire de transport d'un fluide.
US8540459B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2013-09-24 Technip France Structure for loading and unloading at least one fluid transport ship
FR2930516A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-30 Technip France Sa Structure de chargement et de dechargement d'au moins un navire de transport d'un fluide.
WO2013002648A1 (fr) 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Gravi Float As Usine pour le stockage et le déchargement d'hydrocarbure et procédé associé
EP3696324A1 (fr) 2011-06-30 2020-08-19 Gravi Float AS Usine portuaire pour le stockage, le chargement et le déchargement des produits hydrocarbures en mer et procédé associé
US9815621B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2017-11-14 Engie Harbour storage facility for liquid fuel
US10633815B2 (en) 2014-11-27 2020-04-28 Gravifloat As Sea bed terminal for offshore activities
WO2016085347A1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Gravi Float As Terminal de fond marin pour activités en mer
WO2017168381A1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte Ltd. Structure de base de fond marin et son procédé d'installation
US10919606B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2021-02-16 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte. Ltd. Seabed base structure and method for installation of same
JP2019511656A (ja) * 2016-04-01 2019-04-25 セムコープ マリン インテグレイテッド ヤード プライベート リミテッド 海底基礎構造体およびその設置方法
WO2017204749A1 (fr) 2016-05-26 2017-11-30 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte. Ltd. Unité supportée sur le fond marin et procédé pour fournir un terminal de forage d'eau peu profonde
RU2719516C1 (ru) * 2016-05-26 2020-04-20 Сембкорп Марин Интегрейтид Ярд Пте. Лтд. Опирающаяся на дно платформа и способ создания бурового терминала для бурения на мелководном шельфе
JP2019534401A (ja) * 2016-10-27 2019-11-28 グラビフロート エーエス 港湾プラント、及び港湾プラントに浮体を係留するための方法
WO2018078534A1 (fr) 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Gravifloat As Installation portuaire et procédé d'amarrage d'un corps flottant dans une installation portuaire
US10988905B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2021-04-27 Gravifloat As Harbour plant and method for mooring a floating body in a harbour plant

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CN100575769C (zh) 2009-12-30
NO20044371D0 (no) 2004-10-14
CN101080535A (zh) 2007-11-28

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