WO2006030575A1 - L2c信号追尾装置およびこれを用いたgps受信機 - Google Patents
L2c信号追尾装置およびこれを用いたgps受信機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006030575A1 WO2006030575A1 PCT/JP2005/012309 JP2005012309W WO2006030575A1 WO 2006030575 A1 WO2006030575 A1 WO 2006030575A1 JP 2005012309 W JP2005012309 W JP 2005012309W WO 2006030575 A1 WO2006030575 A1 WO 2006030575A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
- G01S19/29—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system carrier including Doppler, related
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an L2C signal tracking device that captures and tracks an L2C signal obtained by time-division multiplexing CM codes and CL codes, which are different pseudo-noise codes, and a GPS receiver that performs positioning using the L2C signal tracking device.
- CM codes and CL codes which are different pseudo-noise codes
- GPS receiver that performs positioning using the L2C signal tracking device.
- the GPS signal uses the L1 frequency signal using the publicly available (consumer) CZA code, and the publicly available! Nana (military) P (Y) code Powered by the L2 frequency signal.
- the GPS receiver performs positioning using these L1 frequency signal and L2 frequency signal.
- the CM code and the CL code are different pseudo-noise codes.
- the CM code carries data such as navigation messages, and the CL code contains no data.
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram showing a code configuration of the L2C signal.
- the L2C signal has a structure in which the CM code and the CL code are multiplexed on a chip-by-chip basis, and the CM code and the CL code appear alternately in time series. That is, the L2C signal is a time division multiplex code signal.
- the L2C signal is obtained by time-division multiplexing a CM code and a CL code
- each of the CM code and the CL code occupies half of the total power of the SL2C signal.
- the signal tracking performance may be inferior by 3 dB compared to the case where the total power of the signal is shown with a single code such as the conventional CZA code.
- the carrier phase of the L2C signal can be substantially tracked by using a simple PLL.
- a simple PLL Compared to the Costas loop normally used for tracking CZA codes with conventional data, the tracking performance is improved by 6 dB. Therefore, even if it is half the total power of the CL coding power L2C signal, the tracking performance can be improved by 3 dB compared to the conventional case.
- the carrier phase is measured (carrier tracking) using a CL code signal with a simple PLL.
- the carrier phase is locked by the carrier tracking using the CL code signal, the CM code signal is captured and tracked and the message (data) is demodulated coherently.
- the tracking loop bandwidth of the code tracking is narrowed to improve the tracking performance while maintaining the dynamic response characteristics of the code tracking loop. In this way, CL code and CM code are used separately for tracking L2C signals.
- Non-Patent Document 1 LCDR Richard D. Fontana, Wai Cheung, Paul M. Novak, Thomas A. Stansell, Jr., “The New L2 Civil Signal”, ⁇ GPS 2001, The Institute of Navigati on, Sept. 11 2001
- the tracking performance is inferior by 3 dB compared to the conventional method. If the tracking performance is reduced in this way, the measurement accuracy of the carrier phase is also lowered, and the accuracy of relative positioning is adversely affected. Furthermore, as the carrier phase measurement accuracy decreases, the initial time for determining the integer bias becomes longer and the initialization time for relative positioning becomes longer.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the problem of configuring an L2C signal tracking device that reliably tracks an L2C signal and a GPS receiver using the same, regardless of the reception state of the L2C signal.
- Means The present invention provides an L2C signal tracking device that performs phase modulation using two different pseudo-noise codes, a CM code and a CL code, and that captures and tracks an L2C signal that is time-division multiplexed. It is characterized by integrating the CM code and the CL code using the likelihood method to track the carrier phase.
- the carrier phase is tracked based on the following principle.
- the L2C signal received by the GPS receiver is r (t)
- the L2C signal r (t) is expressed by the following equations (Equation (la), Equation (lb)).
- A is the amplitude of the received L2C signal
- w (t) is white 'Gaussian' noise
- D (t) is the message data
- C (t) is the CM code for the first half chip of the L2C signal
- C (t) is the L2C signal
- ⁇ is the angular velocity (angular frequency) corresponding to the carrier frequency of the L2 signal including the Doppler frequency
- ⁇ is the signal propagation delay
- 0 is the carrier phase
- Figure 21 shows the relationship between the CL code and C (t) and the CM code and C (t).
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- C (t) corresponding to the CL code is always the first half chip of the L2C signal.
- Equation (la) the estimated value of propagation delay ⁇ is ⁇ , the estimated value of angular frequency ⁇ is ⁇ , and ee and the time average of message data D (t) is “0”, It is assumed that the value is a random value of “+1” or “ ⁇ 1”.
- Equation (2) is derived from Equation (la) and Equation (lb).
- N is the average power density of the noise w (t) and can be measured in advance by other methods.
- equation (4) which is the Likelifood equation of the carrier phase ⁇ , is derived.
- the carrier phase ⁇ is estimated by the maximum likelihood method c
- the present invention is an L2 C signal tracking device that acquires and tracks an L2C signal that is phase-modulated using two different pseudo-noise codes of a CM code and a CL code and is time-division multiplexed.
- the feature is that the code phase is tracked by integrating the CM code and the CL code using the maximum likelihood method.
- the code phase is tracked according to the following principle.
- Equation (la) the estimated value of carrier phase ⁇ is ⁇ , and the estimated value of angular frequency ⁇ is ⁇ .
- Equation (5) is derived from Equation (la) and Equation (lb).
- equation (7) which is a Likelifood equation of the code phase ⁇ is derived.
- equations (9a) and (9b) are obtained.
- the differentiation is replaced with a difference.
- C (t ⁇ + d / 2) is from C (t ⁇ )
- C (t), and C (t ⁇ dZ2) is a sign of a CL code delayed by dZ2 chips from C (t ⁇ ).
- C (t- ⁇ + ⁇ / 2) is advanced by dZ2 chips from C (t- ⁇ ).
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention is characterized in that the code phase is tracked by integrating the CM code and the CL code using the maximum likelihood method while tracking the carrier phase.
- the maximum likelihood method is also used while tracking the carrier phase by the above-mentioned maximum likelihood method.
- the code phase is tracked using the method.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention causes a CM code and a CL code to act on a carrier NCO that generates a carrier phase based on a carrier phase error and a baseband L2C signal obtained by using the carrier phase.
- the carrier phase error calculation means for calculating the carrier phase error of the L2C signal by the maximum likelihood method, and the carrier phase error from the carrier phase error calculation means is filtered and output to the carrier NCO.
- a loop filter, and a carrier phase estimation calculation loop of L2C signal is formed by the carrier NCO, carrier phase error calculation means, and carrier loop filter.
- the carrier phase estimation calculation loop including the carrier phase error calculation means realizes the Likelifood equation shown in Equation (4) and tracks the carrier phase.
- the carrier phase error calculating means of the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention comprises delay means for generating a CM code delay and a CL code delay, and the L2C signal includes a CM code, a CM code delay,
- the carrier phase error of the L2C signal is calculated by integrating the CL code and the delay of the CL code, and the carrier frequency of the L2C signal is calculated by the carrier NCO, the carrier phase error calculation means, and the carrier loop filter. It is characterized by the formation of an estimation calculation loop.
- the carrier frequency estimation calculation is realized by providing the above-described carrier phase error calculation means with means for calculating the carrier phase error using the CM code delay and the CL code delay.
- the carrier frequency is captured and tracked by using the carrier frequency estimation calculation loop including this carrier frequency estimation calculation.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention includes a code NCO that generates a code lock enable signal, a CM code based on the output of the code NCO, and a differential CM code and a CL code based on the output of the code NCO.
- the code phase error of the L2C signal is integrated by applying the CM code, differential CM code, CL code, and differential CL code to the code generation means that generates the differential CL code and the baseband L2C signal.
- the code phase error calculation means and the code loop filter form a code phase estimation calculation loop of the L2C signal.
- the code phase is tracked by realizing the Likelifood equation shown in Equation (7) by the code phase estimation calculation loop including the code phase error calculation means.
- the carrier phase error calculation means of the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention includes:
- Baseband signal generation means for generating in-phase and quadrature components of the baseband L2C signal using the carrier phase as well as the L2C signal power of the intermediate frequency
- CM code in-phase correlation processing means for correlating the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal with the CM code based on the cycle set by the sampling frequency, and the baseband L2C based on the cycle set by the sampling frequency
- CM code orthogonal correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the orthogonal component of the signal and the CM code
- CL code orthogonal correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the orthogonal component of the baseband L2C signal and the CL code with reference to the period set by the sampling frequency
- the CM code in-phase correlation signal output from the CM code in-phase correlation processing unit is multiplied by a weight proportional to the signal level and a weight inversely proportional to the noise level.
- First CM code in-phase correlation signal converting means for outputting a signal;
- the multiplied signal and the output signal from the CL code quadrature correlation processing means are added.
- a multiplication / addition unit that generates a carrier phase error and outputs the carrier phase error to a carrier loop filter, and performs carrier phase tracking loop processing based on the maximum likelihood method.
- the cos component (in-phase component) and sin component (quadrature component) of Equation (4) are realized by the phase rotator.
- the CM code in-phase correlation processing means realizes the integral operation of the first half of the second term of the left side of Equation (4)
- the first CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means realizes the first half of the second term of the left side of Equation (4) Part weighting (2AZN) operation, ie signal amplitude
- CM code orthogonal correlation processing means realizes the integral operation of the first term on the left side of Equation (4).
- the multiplication / addition means realizes multiplication of the first half of the second term on the left side of Equation (4) and the second half of the second term on the left side, and realizes addition of the multiplication result and the first term on the left side. Then, these are loop-processed to realize the formula (4) as a whole.
- the carrier phase error calculating means of the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention includes:
- Baseband signal generation means for generating in-phase and quadrature components of the baseband L2C signal using the carrier phase as well as the L2C signal power of the intermediate frequency
- CM code in-phase correlation processing means for correlating the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal with the CM code based on the period set by the sampling frequency, and the baseband L2C signal based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- CM code orthogonal correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the orthogonal component and the CM code
- CL code orthogonal correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the orthogonal component of the baseband L2C signal and the CL code based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- a second CM code in-phase correlation signal converting means for outputting a sigmoid function signal of the CM code in-phase correlation signal output from the CM code in-phase correlation processing means;
- the output signal of the second CM code in-phase correlation signal converting means power is multiplied by the output signal from the CM code quadrature correlation processing means, and this multiplied signal is added to the output signal of the CL code quadrature correlation processing means power.
- a multiplication / addition unit that generates a carrier phase error and outputs the carrier phase error to a carrier loop filter, and performs carrier phase tracking loop processing based on a maximum likelihood method.
- the first CM code in-phase correlation signal converting means using the tangent hyperbolic function in the configuration according to claim 7 is replaced with a second CM code in-phase correlation signal converting means using a sigmoid function.
- the sigmoid function can take only “1, 1, +1,” processing such as weighting by amplitude is omitted.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention provides:
- the baseband L2C signal is based on the period set by the sampling frequency.
- CL code in-phase correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the in-phase component and the CL code,
- CM code in-phase correlation processing means CM code quadrature correlation processing means, CL code in-phase correlation processing means, and delay means for delaying a signal output from each of the CL code quadrature correlation processing means,
- CM code in-phase correlation processing power CM code in-phase correlation signal and CM code quadrature correlation signal from CM code signal pair, CM code in-phase correlation delay signal and CM code from delay means
- CM code inner product processing means for performing inner product processing using a CM code delayed signal pair composed of orthogonal correlation delay signals and outputting a CM code inner product processing signal;
- CM code cross product processing means for performing cross product processing using a CM code signal pair and a CM code delay signal pair and outputting a CM code cross product processing signal
- CL code cross product processing means for performing cross product processing using a CL code delay signal pair composed of orthogonal correlation delay signals and outputting a CL code cross product signal;
- the first CM code inner product processed signal that multiplies the CM code inner product processed signal by a weight proportional to the signal level and a weight inversely proportional to the noise level and outputs a hyperbolic tangent function signal of the multiplied CM code inner product processed signal. Conversion means;
- a carrier loop filter is generated by multiplying the output signal of the first CM code inner product processing signal conversion means by the CM code outer product processing signal and adding the multiplied signal and the CL code outer product signal to generate a carrier phase error. And a multiplication / addition means for outputting to a carrier frequency tracking loop process based on a maximum likelihood method.
- a delay unit, a CM code inner product processing unit, and a CM code outer product are provided downstream of the CM code in-phase correlation processing unit and the CM code quadrature correlation processing unit of the loop for estimating and calculating the carrier phase according to claim 7 described above.
- a processing means is provided. Further, delay means and CL code inner product processing means are provided subsequent to the CL code in-phase correlation processing means and the CL code orthogonal correlation processing means of the loop for estimating and calculating the carrier phase according to claim 7 described above.
- the CM code inner product processing means includes a first CM code inner product processing signal conversion means using a weight and a tangent hyperbolic function according to the amplitude and noise ratio of the signal, and the multiplication / addition means uses the first CM code inner product processing signal.
- the output signal from the conversion means is multiplied by the CM code outer product processing signal, and the multiplied signal is added to the CL code outer product signal. Accordingly, the loop for estimating the carrier phase according to claim 7 and the loop for estimating the carrier frequency (FLL) are simultaneously realized.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention is
- CL code in-phase correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal and the CL code based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- CM code in-phase correlation processing means CM code quadrature correlation processing means, CL code in-phase correlation processing means, and delay means for delaying a signal output from each of the CL code quadrature correlation processing means,
- CM code in-phase correlation processing power CM code in-phase correlation signal and CM code quadrature correlation signal from CM code signal pair, CM code in-phase correlation delay signal and CM code from delay means
- CM code inner product processing means for performing inner product processing using a CM code delayed signal pair composed of orthogonal correlation delay signals and outputting a CM code inner product processing signal;
- CM code cross product processing means for performing cross product processing using a CM code signal pair and a CM code delay signal pair and outputting a CM code cross product processing signal
- CL code cross product processing means for performing cross product processing using a CL code delay signal pair composed of orthogonal correlation delay signals and outputting a CL code cross product signal;
- a second CM code inner product processing signal conversion means for outputting a sigmoid function signal of the CM code inner product processing signal
- the output signal from the second CM code inner product processing signal conversion means is multiplied by the CM code outer product processing signal, and the multiplied signal and the CL code outer product signal are added to thereby calculate a carrier phase error.
- a multiplication and addition means for generating a difference and outputting the difference to the carrier loop filter, and performing carrier frequency tracking loop processing based on a maximum likelihood method.
- the first CM code inner product processing signal conversion means using the tangent hyperbolic function in the configuration according to claim 9 is replaced with second CM code inner product processing signal conversion means using a sigmoid function.
- the sigmoid function can take only “1, 1, +1,” processing such as weighting by amplitude is omitted.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention provides:
- CM code differential CM code differentiated from the CM code
- CL code differential CM code differentiated from the CL code
- code generation means for generating a differential CL code differentiated from the CL code
- a code loop filter that filters the code phase error and outputs it to the code generation means
- Differentiated CM code in-phase correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal and the differentiated CM code based on the period set by the sampling frequency, and the baseband of the baseband based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- the differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the in-phase component of the L2C signal and the differential CL code, the output signal of the first CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means power, and the output signal from the differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means
- the cos component (in-phase component) of Equation (7) is realized by the baseband signal generation means.
- CM code, differential CM code, and differential CL code are realized by CM code generation means.
- the CM code in-phase correlation processing means realizes the integral operation of the first half of the second term on the left side of Equation (4)
- the first CM in-phase correlation signal conversion means implements the first half of the second term on the left side of Equation (4).
- Weighting (2AZN) calculation ie by signal amplitude and noise ratio
- Weighting calculation and hyperbolic tangent function calculation are realized.
- the differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means using the period set by the code loop filter, The integration operation of the second half of the second term on the left side of Equation (7) is realized.
- the CL code in-phase correlation processing means realizes the integral operation of the first term on the left side of Equation (7).
- the multiplication / addition means realizes multiplication of the first half of the second term on the left side of Equation (7) and the second half of the second term on the left side, and realizes addition of the multiplication result and the first term on the left side. Then, these are loop-processed to realize Equation (7) as a whole.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention provides:
- CM code differential CM code differentiated from the CM code
- CL code differential CM code differentiated from the CL code
- code generation means for generating a differential CL code differentiated from the CL code
- a code loop filter that filters the code phase error and outputs it to the code generation means
- Differentiated CM code in-phase correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal and the differentiated CM code based on the period set by the sampling frequency, and the baseband of the baseband based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- the differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the in-phase component of the L2C signal and the differential CL code, the output signal of the second code CM in-phase correlation signal conversion means power, and the output signal from the differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means
- a multiplication and addition means for adding the multiplication signal and the output signal from the differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means and outputting the result to a code loop filter, and performing code tracking loop processing Yes.
- This configuration has the advantage that a sigmoid function (sign function) can be approximated when the argument of the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh function) is sufficiently large, that is, when C / N is large.
- the first CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means using the tangent hyperbolic function in the configuration according to claim 11 is replaced with a second CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means using a sigmoid function.
- the sigmoid function can take only “1, 1, +1,” processing such as weighting by amplitude is omitted.
- the L2C signal tracking device of the present invention provides:
- a differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means for performing correlation processing between the in-phase component of the baseband L2C signal and the differential CM code with reference to the period set by the sampling frequency;
- Differentiated CM code orthogonal correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the orthogonal component of the baseband L2C signal and the differentiated CM code based on the period set by the sampling frequency, and the baseband based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- the differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means that performs correlation processing between the in-phase component of the L2C signal and the differential CL code, and the correlation between the quadrature component of the baseband L2C signal and the differential CL code based on the period set by the sampling frequency
- CM code in-phase correlation signal output from the CM code in-phase correlation processing means and the differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means Multiplier that multiplies the output differential CM code in-phase correlation signal and CM code quadrature correlation processing means Force Output CM code quadrature correlation signal and derivative CM code quadrature correlation processing force Output multiplier CM code quadrature correlation signal Multiplier and CL code in-phase correlation processing force Output CL code in-phase correlation signal
- a multiplier that multiplies the output differential CL code quadrature correlation signal and the outputs of these four multipliers are added together and output to the code loop filter. When provided with, it is as characterized by performing the code tracking loop.
- a multiplication signal of a CM code in-phase correlation signal and a differential CM code in-phase correlation signal a multiplication signal of a CM code quadrature correlation signal and a differential CM code quadrature correlation signal, and a CL code in-phase correlation
- the signal and the differential CL code in-phase correlation signal and the CL code quadrature correlation signal and the differential CL code quadrature correlation signal are added according to the period set by the code loop filter.
- the carrier phase ⁇ in Equation (la) and Equation (1b) is a random variable that is uniformly distributed in the interval [ ⁇ to + ⁇ ], and the amplitude of the L2C signal is small, that is, C / N force, code in case
- the Linkelifood equation with phase ⁇ is realized.
- the tracking of the code phase ⁇ is realized when the carrier phase ⁇ is not tracked (non-coherent).
- the GPS receiver of the present invention includes an antenna for receiving an L2C signal from a positioning satellite, a high-frequency processing means for converting the L2C signal of the antenna to an intermediate frequency, and an intermediate frequency Signal processing means for estimating and calculating code phase and carrier phase based on L2C signal, positioning calculation means for performing positioning calculation based on code phase and carrier phase, and display operation means for displaying positioning calculation results and receiving operation inputs And the aforementioned L2C signal tracking device is used as the signal processing means.
- the carrier phase, the carrier frequency, and the code phase are reliably tracked, and a relative positioning calculation result based on the L2C signal is obtained.
- the L2C signal tracking device that tracks the carrier phase and the code phase while maintaining a state of lower loss than the conventional configuration is configured. can do.
- the L2C signal tracking device by including the L2C signal tracking device, it is possible to configure a GPS receiver that performs relative positioning more reliably than in the past.
- FIG. 1 Block diagram showing a carrier phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 Another configuration of the carrier phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the first embodiment. Block diagram
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the carrier phase tracking circuit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the result of comparing the tracking loop performance of the carrier phase tracking circuit of FIG. 1 shown in the first embodiment with a conventional carrier tracking circuit.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a carrier frequency tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the carrier frequency tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the carrier frequency tracking circuit of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the code phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the third embodiment. Block diagram showing another configuration of the code phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the embodiment [ Figure 10] Block diagram showing the configuration of a non-coherent code phase tracking circuit
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the code phase tracking circuit of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a GPS receiver according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the signal processing unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the signal acquisition and tracking unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 in the case of carrier phase tracking.
- FIG.16 Block diagram showing an example of the configuration of carrier phase tracking error detector 105 for carrier frequency tracking
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the coherent code phase tracking error detector 106.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the non-coherent code phase tracking error detector 106.
- FIG.21 Waveform diagram showing the relationship between CL code and C (t), and the relationship between CM code and C (t)
- the L2C signal tracking device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a carrier phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of this embodiment.
- the carrier phase tracking circuit includes a carrier phase error calculation unit 1, a carrier NC02, a carrier loop filter 3, a CM code generator 10a, and a CL code generator 10b.
- the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 is based on the carrier phase input from the carrier NC02, the CM code signal input from the CM code generator 10a, and the CL code signal input from the CL code generator 10b.
- the carrier phase error is output to the carrier loop filter 3.
- the carrier loop filter 3 removes unnecessary components accompanying the carrier phase error and outputs them to the carrier NC02.
- the carrier NC02 calculates the carrier phase based on this carrier phase error and outputs it to the carrier phase error calculation unit 1.
- the carrier phase is tracked by continuously calculating the carrier phase error and the carrier phase in the loop circuit including the carrier phase error calculation unit 1, the carrier loop filter 3, and the carrier NC02.
- the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 includes a phase rotator 11, three correlators 12 a to 12 c, a signal conversion circuit 13, and a multiplier / adder 14.
- the phase rotator 11 receives the in-phase component (intermediate I signal) and quadrature component (intermediate Q signal) of the intermediate frequency L2C signal from the high-frequency processing unit in the previous stage, and the carrier phase from the carrier NCO 2 .
- the phase rotator 11 is realized by a LUT (Look-Out-Table) that addresses the intermediate I signal, intermediate Q signal, and carrier phase as addresses, and the baseband in-phase component (I signal) and quadrature component according to this LUT. (Q signal) is output.
- LUT Look-Out-Table
- phase rotator 11 corresponds to the “baseband signal generating means” of the present invention.
- the I signal output from the phase rotator 11 is input to the correlator 12a, and the Q signal is input to the correlators 12b and 12c.
- the correlator 12a is powered by the mixer 121a and the integrator 122a.
- the mixer 121a mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal (C (t) shown in Fig. 21) of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a to generate the CM code.
- the accumulator 122a performs correlation processing by accumulating the input CM code in-phase signal according to the cycle based on the sampling clock input together with the intermediate I signal and the intermediate Q signal from the high frequency processing unit,
- the code common-mode correlation signal is output to the signal conversion circuit 13.
- an integral operation part of the first half of the second term of the left side of the Likelifood equation (equation (4)) relating to the carrier phase is formed.
- the correlator 12a corresponds to the “CM code in-phase correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the correlator 12b is powered by the mixer 121b and the integrator 122b.
- the mixer 122b mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal (C (t) shown in Fig. 21) of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a to generate the CM code.
- the accumulator 122b performs correlation processing by accumulating the input CM code quadrature signal according to the cycle based on the sampling clock, and outputs the CM code quadrature correlation signal to the multiplier / adder.
- a correlator 12b an integral operation unit of the second half of the second term of the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (4)) regarding the carrier phase is formed.
- this correlator 12b corresponds to “CM code orthogonal correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the correlator 12c is powered by the mixer 121c and the integrator 122c.
- the mixer 122c mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CL code signal (C (t) shown in Fig. 21) output from the CL code generator 10b. Accumulate quadrature signal
- the accumulator 122c performs correlation processing by accumulating input CL code orthogonal signals according to the period based on the sampling clock, and outputs the CL code orthogonal correlation signals to the multiplier / adder 14.
- the integral calculation unit of the first term on the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (4)) regarding the carrier phase is formed.
- the correlator 12c corresponds to the “CL code orthogonal correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the signal conversion circuit 13 includes a mixer 131 and a hyperbolic tangent function (tanh function) calculator 132.
- the mixer 131 is a weighted signal composed of a CM code in-phase correlation signal input from the correlator 12a, a signal level (amplitude) after correlation estimated in real time, and a reciprocal of a noise level (variance) after correlation estimated in advance. (A / a 2 in the figure) and hyperbolic tangent function operation ee
- the hyperbolic tangent function calculator 132 performs hyperbolic tangent function calculation processing (tanh function processing) on the signal output from the mixer 131 and outputs a hyperbolic tangent CM code in-phase correlation signal to the multiplier / adder 14.
- hyperbolic tangent function calculation processing tilt function processing
- the signal conversion circuit 13 corresponds to the “first CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means” of the present invention.
- the multiplier / adder 14 includes a mixer (multiplier) 141 and an adder 142.
- the mixer 141 mixes (multiplies) the hyperbolic tangent CM code in-phase correlation signal input from the signal conversion circuit 13 and the CM code quadrature correlation signal input from the correlator 12b, and adds the CM code correlation signal. Output to device 142.
- the adder 142 adds the CM code correlation signal input from the mixer 141 and the CL code orthogonal correlation signal input from the correlator 12c and outputs the result.
- the Likelifood equation ( The left side of equation (4)) is formed. Since this output signal is an addition signal of the CM code correlation signal and the CL code quadrature correlation signal, it substantially corresponds to the carrier phase error of the L2C signal.
- the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 having such a configuration, the carrier phase error can be estimated and calculated by integrating the CM code and the CL code.
- the carrier NC02 and the carrier loop filter 3 are integrated to continuously carry the carrier phase error.
- the carrier phase can be tracked by estimation calculation.
- the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh function) can be replaced with a sigmoid function when the argument is large.
- This sigmoid function is a sign function and takes only a value of “ ⁇ 1” or “+1”.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the carrier phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the present embodiment. Specifically, the signal transformation 13 is replaced with a signal conversion circuit 15 comprising a sigmoid function calculator 150, and the other configuration is the same as the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG.
- the signal conversion circuit 15 corresponds to the “second CM code in-phase correlation signal conversion means” of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the carrier phase tracking circuit of this embodiment, where the horizontal axis is CZN and the vertical axis is the loss of signal-to-noise ratio SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).
- the characteristic curve represented by CTMC optimal represents the case where the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 1 of the present embodiment is used, and the characteristic curve represented by Decision-Directed represents the characteristic curve of FIG.
- the characteristic curve represented by Costas-Simple PLL represents a case where a simple coupling loop of a conventional Costas loop and a conventional simple PLL is used
- the characteristic curve represented by ATAN2 is a conventional characteristic curve.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the results of comparing the tracking loop performance of the carrier phase tracking circuit of Fig. 1 shown in this embodiment with that of a conventional carrier tracking circuit.
- the horizontal axis is CZN.
- the vertical axis is the loss of signal-to-noise ratio SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).
- SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
- CTMC optimum represents the case where the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 1 of the present embodiment is used
- L2CL Simple PLL is the CL code of the L2C signal.
- the signal is traced with a simple PLL
- L2C / A Costas represents the case where the current CZA code is used for the L2C signal and tracked with a Costas loop.
- SNR loss is almost eliminated when C / N is strong and SNR loss is weak when C / N is weak.
- SNR loss is almost eliminated when C / N is strong and SNR loss is weak when C / N is weak.
- the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in Fig. 1 of the configuration always has lower loss.
- the SNR loss is always less than about 3 dB regardless of the reception state of the L2C signal, and each of the conventional methods and these are simply combined. It is possible to realize a carrier phase tracking circuit with a better tracking state than the previous method.
- the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 2 can be used to achieve the same good carrier phase tracking as the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG.
- the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 2 has a simpler circuit configuration and control than the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 1, and thus the carrier phase tracking circuit that realizes good carrier phase tracking is simplified. It can be realized with a simple structure, and carrier phase tracking can be realized with easy control.
- FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the carrier frequency tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device according to this embodiment.
- the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. 5 includes a correlator 12d, delay units 16a to 16d, cross calculators 17a and 17c, and dot calculator 17b in the carrier phase error calculator 1 of the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG.
- the additional carrier frequency error calculation unit 4 is used, and the other configurations are the same.
- the carrier frequency error calculation unit 4 shown in FIG. 5 and the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail, and the description of the same points will be omitted.
- the correlator 12a outputs the CM code in-phase correlation signal to the Cross calculator 17a, the Dot calculator 17b, and the delay unit 16a.
- the correlator 12b outputs the CM code quadrature correlation signal to the Cross calculator 17a, Dot calculator Output to the unit 17b and the delay unit 16b.
- the mixer 122c of the correlator 12c mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 with the CL code signal of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b, and outputs the CL code in-phase signal. Output to integrator 122c.
- the accumulator 122c performs correlation processing by accumulating the input CL code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock, and the CL code in-phase correlation signal is sent to the Cross calculator 17c and the delay unit 16c. Output.
- the correlator 12c corresponds to the “CL code in-phase correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the correlator 12d also becomes a force with the mixer 121d and the integrator 122d.
- the mixer 122d mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CL code signal of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b, and outputs a CL code orthogonal signal to the accumulator 122d.
- the accumulator 122d performs correlation processing by accumulating the input CL code quadrature signals according to the period based on the sampling clock, and the CL code quadrature correlation signals are fed to the cross calculator 17c and the delay unit 16d. Output.
- the correlator 12d corresponds to the “CL code orthogonal correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the delay units 16a to 16d delay the input signal by one chip time and output it.
- Cross calculator 17a includes CM code in-phase correlation signal Icm input from correlator 12a, CM code quadrature correlation signal Qcm input from correlator 12b, and delayed CM code input from delay unit 16a. Using the in-phase correlation signal Icml and the delayed CM code quadrature correlation signal Qcml input from the delay unit 16b, the calculation shown in the following equation is performed and output. [0082] Qcm'Icml— Icm'Qcml-(10)
- the cross calculator 17a outputs the CM code outer product processing signal, which is the calculation result, to the multiplier / adder 14.
- the cross calculator 17a corresponds to the “CM code outer product processing means” of the present invention.
- the Dot calculator 17b includes a CM code in-phase correlation signal Icm input from the correlator 12a, a CM code quadrature correlation signal Qcm input from the correlator 12b, and a delayed CM code input from the delay unit 16a. Using the in-phase correlation signal Icml and the delayed CM code quadrature correlation signal Qcml input from the delay unit 16b, the calculation shown in the following equation is performed and output.
- the Dot calculator 17b outputs the CM code inner product processing signal, which is the calculation result, to the signal conversion circuit 13.
- this dot calculator 17b corresponds to the “CM code inner product processing means” of the present invention.
- the cross calculator 17c includes the CL code in-phase correlation signal Icl input from the correlator 12c, the CL code quadrature correlation signal Qcl input from the correlator 12d, and the delayed CL code input from the delay unit 16c. Using the in-phase correlation signal Icll and the delayed CL code quadrature correlation signal Qcll input from the delay unit 16d, the calculation shown in the following equation is performed and output.
- the cross calculator 17c outputs the CL code outer product processing signal, which is the calculation result, to the multiplier / adder 14.
- the cross calculator 17c corresponds to the “CL code outer product processing means” of the present invention.
- the mixer 131 of the signal conversion circuit 13 receives the CM code inner product processing signal input from the Dot calculator 17b, the signal level (amplitude) after correlation estimated in real time, and the correlation after estimation in advance.
- the weighted signal (A / o 2 in the figure) consisting of the reciprocal of the noise level (dispersion) is mixed and output to the hyperbolic tangent function calculator 132.
- the hyperbolic tangent function calculator 132 performs hyperbolic tangent function calculation processing (tanh function processing) on the signal output from the mixer 131 and outputs a hyperbolic tangent CM code inner product processing signal to the multiplier / adder 14.
- the signal conversion circuit 13 corresponds to the “first CM code inner product processing signal conversion means” of the present invention.
- the mixer 141 of the multiplier / adder 14 mixes the hyperbolic tangent CM code inner product processing signal input from the signal conversion circuit 13 and the CM code outer product processing signal input from the Cross calculator 17a ( Multiply) and output the CM code correlation signal to the adder 142.
- the adder 142 adds the CM code correlation signal input from the mixer 141 and the CL code outer product processing signal input from the Cross calculator 17c, and outputs the result.
- Such processing corresponds to FLL carrier frequency error calculation processing, so the output signal corresponds to the carrier frequency error. That is, by using the structure shown in FIG. 5, an FLL based on the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be configured.
- the carrier NC02 and the carrier loop filter 3 are integrated to continuously carry the carrier frequency error.
- the carrier frequency can be tracked by performing an estimation calculation.
- the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh function) can be replaced with a sigmoid function when the argument is large, as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the hyperbolic tangent function described above can be replaced with a sigmoid function.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the carrier frequency tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the present embodiment. Specifically, the signal transformation 13 is replaced with a signal conversion circuit 15 comprising a sigmoid function calculator 150, and the other configuration is the same as the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG.
- the signal conversion circuit 15 corresponds to the “second CM code inner product processing signal conversion means” of the present invention.
- the wave number can be tracked.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the carrier frequency tracking circuit of this embodiment, where the horizontal axis is CZN and the vertical axis is the loss of signal-to-noise ratio SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). It is a thing.
- the characteristic curve represented by CTMC represents the case where the carrier phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 5 of the present embodiment is used, and the characteristic curve represented by CTMC DD is represented in FIG. 6 of the present embodiment.
- the case where the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown is used is shown.
- the characteristic curve represented by L2CL FLL represents the case where the conventional simple FLL is used
- the characteristic curve represented by L2C / A DD represents the conventional CZA code instead of the L2C signal. This shows the case where the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. 6 of this embodiment is used for the L2 wave.
- a frequency tracking circuit can be realized.
- the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. 6 can be used to achieve the same good carrier frequency tracking as the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. Since the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. 6 has a simpler circuit configuration and control than the carrier frequency tracking circuit shown in FIG. 5, the carrier frequency tracking circuit that realizes good carrier frequency tracking is simplified. It can be realized with a structure, and carrier frequency tracking can be realized with easy control.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a code phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of this embodiment.
- the code phase tracking circuit includes a code phase error calculation unit 5, a code NC07, a code loop filter 6, a CM code generator 10a, a CL code generator 10b, and a carrier NC02. Co
- the phase error calculation unit 5 receives the carrier phase input from the carrier NC02, the CM code signal of the normal timing input from the CM code generator 10a, and the differentiated CM code signal obtained by differentiating the CM code signal of the normal timing.
- the code phase error is output to the code loop filter 6 based on the differential CL code signal obtained by differentiating the CL code signal of the normal timing input from the CL code generator 10b.
- the code loop filter 6 removes unnecessary components accompanying the code phase error and outputs the result to the code NC07.
- the code NC07 generates a code enable clock based on this code phase error and outputs it to the CM code generator 1 Oa and the CL code generator 10b.
- the loop circuit including the code phase error calculation unit 5, the code loop filter 7, the code NC06, the CM code generator 10a, and the CL code generator 10b can continuously calculate the code phase error and the code phase sequentially.
- the code phase is tracked. That is, pseudorange observation is continued.
- the I signal output from the phase rotator 11 is input to the correlators 12a to 12c, and the differential CM code signal is input to the correlator 12b from the CM code generator 10a.
- the differential CL code signal is input to CL 12c from CL code generator 1 Ob.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment.
- the CM code generator 10a Based on the code enable signal input from the code NC07, the CM code generator 10a generates a normal timing CM code signal CMp (C (t) shown in FIG. 21) and a normal timing.
- a differentiated CM code signal CMel is generated by differentiating the CM code signal CMp of the current group, and the normal timing CM code signal CMp is output to the correlator 12a, and the differentiated CM code signal CMel is output to the correlator 12b.
- the CL code generator 10b generates a differential CL code signal Clel obtained by differentiating the CL code signal of the normal timing based on the code enable signal input from the code NC07, and outputs it to the correlator 12c.
- the differential CM code signal and the differential CL code signal are signals represented by the above-described equations (8a) and (8b), respectively, but the code phase error calculation unit 5 performs correlation processing with the digital signals.
- Phase rotator 11 receives a carrier phase locked by carrier phase tracking processing from carrier NC02, and phase rotator 11 outputs a baseband I signal and Q signal based on this carrier phase. That is, the code phase tracking described below is a process in a state where the carrier phase is locked (coherent).
- the mixer 121a of the correlator 12a mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal CMp of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a to obtain the CM code in-phase.
- the signal is output to the integrator 122a.
- the accumulator 122a performs correlation processing by accumulating the input CM code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock, and outputs the CM code in-phase correlation signal to the signal conversion circuit 13.
- an integral operation unit of the first half of the second term of the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (7)) regarding the code phase is formed.
- the mixer 122b of the correlator 12b mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differentiated CM code signal CMel output from the CM code generator 10a to obtain the differentiated CM code in-phase signal. Output to integrator 122b.
- the accumulator 122b performs correlation processing by accumulating the input differential CM code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock, and outputs the differentiated CM code in-phase correlation signal to the multiplier / adder 14. To do.
- an integral operation part of the second half of the second term of the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (7)) regarding the code phase is formed.
- the correlator 12b corresponds to “differential CM code in-phase correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the mixer 122c of the correlator 12c mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CL code signal CLel output from the CL code generator 10b to obtain the differential CL code in-phase signal. Is output to the integrator 122c.
- the accumulator 122c performs correlation processing by accumulating the input differential CL code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock, and outputs the differential CL code in-phase correlation signal to the multiplier / adder 14.
- an integral operation unit of the first term on the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (7)) regarding the code phase is formed.
- the correlator 12c corresponds to “differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the mixer 131 of the signal conversion circuit 13 receives the CM code in-phase correlation input from the correlator 12a. Ee mixes a signal with a weighted signal (A / o 2 in the figure) consisting of the reciprocal of the correlated signal level (amplitude) estimated in real time and the previously estimated correlated noise level (variance) ee
- the hyperbolic tangent function calculator 132 performs hyperbolic tangent function calculation processing (tanh function processing) on the signal output from the mixer 131 and outputs a hyperbolic tangent CM code in-phase correlation signal to the multiplier / adder 14.
- hyperbolic tangent function calculation processing tilt function processing
- the first half of the second term of the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (7)) regarding the code phase is formed.
- the mixer 141 of the multiplier / adder 14 mixes the hyperbolic tangent CM code in-phase correlation signal input from the signal conversion circuit 13 with the differentiated CM code in-phase correlation signal input from the correlator 12b ( Multiply) and output to adder 142.
- the adder 142 adds the CM code correlation signal input from the mixer 141 and the differential CL code in-phase correlation signal input from the correlator 12c and outputs the result.
- the second term on the left side of the Likelifood equation (Equation (7)) relating to the code phase is formed.
- the Likelifood equation relating to the code phase is formed.
- This output signal is a sum signal of the correlation signal between the CM code in-phase correlation signal and the differentiated CM code in-phase correlation signal (CM code correlation signal) and the CL code quadrature correlation signal, it is essentially an L2C signal. This corresponds to a code phase error of.
- the code phase error can be estimated and calculated by integrating the CM code and the CL code.
- the hyperbolic tangent function calculation is changed to the sigmoid function calculation when the signal CZN is strong, as in the carrier phase error tracking circuit described above.
- FIG. 9 shows another configuration of the code phase tracking circuit of the L2C signal tracking device of the present embodiment. It is a block diagram. Specifically, the signal transformation 13 is replaced with a signal converter 15 including a sigmoid function calculator 150, and the other configuration is the same as the code phase tracking circuit shown in FIG.
- the above two code phase tracking circuits are circuits that perform code phase tracking processing when the carrier phase is coherent. For example, when the GPS receiver is started up (at the time of initial operation), The carrier phase is not coherent, ie is not locked. Since tracking of the code phase is necessary even in such a case, the code phase tracking circuit used in the (non-coherent) state when the carrier phase is blocked will be described next.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a non-coherent code phase tracking circuit.
- the non-coherent code phase tracking circuit includes a non-coherent code phase error calculation unit 8, a code NC07, a code loop filter 6, a CM code generator 10a, a CL code generator 10b, and a carrier NC02.
- the non-coherent code phase error calculation unit 8 differentiates the carrier phase input from the carrier NC 02, the CM code signal of the normal timing input from the CM code generator 10a, and the CM code signal of the normal timing.
- the code phase error is detected by the code loop filter 6 Output to.
- the code loop filter 6 removes unnecessary components accompanying the code phase error and outputs them to the code NC07.
- the code NC07 generates a code enable clock based on the code phase error and outputs it to the CM code generator 10a and the CL code generator 10b. In this way, the code phase error and code phase are successively calculated in a loop circuit including the code phase error calculation unit 5, the code loop filter 7 , the code NC06, the CM code generator 10a, and the CL code generator 10b. As a result, the code phase is tracked non-coherently.
- the code phase error calculation unit 8 includes a phase rotator 11, correlators 12 a to 12 h, and a multiplier / adder 160 including four mixers 161 a to 161 d and an adder 162.
- CM code generator 10a is based on the code enable signal input from code NC07.
- CM code signal CMp at the normal timing and CM code signal C Mp at the normal timing are differentiated.
- CM code signal CMel Are output to the correlators 12a and 12e, and the differentiated CM code signal CMel is output to the correlators 12b and 12f.
- the CL code generator 10b also generates a normal timing CL code signal CLp and a differential CL code signal Clel obtained by differentiating the normal timing CL code signal CLp based on the code enable signal input from the code NC07. Then, the CL code signal CLp at the normal timing is output to the correlators 12c and 12g, and the differential CL code signal CLel is output to the correlators 12d and 12h.
- the differential CM code signal and the differential CL code signal are each formed by a signal based on the difference approximately expressed by the above-described equations (9a) and (9b).
- the carrier phase preset to a predetermined value is input from the carrier NC02 to the phase rotator 11, and the phase rotator 11 outputs a baseband I signal and a Q signal according to the carrier phase set to the predetermined value.
- the carrier phase is set so that the average becomes the predetermined value as a random variable following a uniform distribution in the interval [ ⁇ to + ⁇ ].
- the I signal output from the phase rotator 11 is input to the correlators 12a to 12d, and the Q signal is input to the correlators 12e to 12h.
- the correlator 12a generates a CM code in-phase signal by mixing the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal CMp of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a. . Then, the CM code in-phase correlation signal is output to the multiplier / adder 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the CM code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- the correlator 12b mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differentiated CM code signal CMel output from the CM code generator 10a to generate a differentiated CM code in-phase signal.
- the differential CM code in-phase correlation signal is output to the multiplier / adder 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the differential CM code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- This correlator 12b is the "differential CM code in-phase correlation process" It corresponds to “means”.
- the correlator 12c mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 with the CL code signal CLp of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b to generate a CL code in-phase signal. Then, the CL code in-phase correlation signal is output to the multiplier calorie calculator 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the CL code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- the correlator 12d mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CL code signal CLel from which the CL code generator 10b output is also generated, and generates a differential CL code in-phase signal. Then, the differential CL code in-phase correlation signal is output to the multiplier / adder 160 by performing correlation processing by integrating the differential CL code in-phase signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- This correlator 12d corresponds to “differential CL code in-phase correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the correlator 12e mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal CMp of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a to generate a CM code orthogonal signal.
- the CM code quadrature correlation signal is output to the multiplier 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the CM code quadrature signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- the correlator 12f mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differentiated CM code signal CMel output from the CM code generator 10a to generate a differentiated CM code orthogonal signal. Then, the differential CM code orthogonal correlation signal is output to the multiplier adder 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the differential CM code orthogonal signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- This correlator 12f corresponds to “differential CM code orthogonal correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the correlator 12g mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CL code signal CLp of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b to generate a CL code orthogonal signal.
- the CL code quadrature correlation signal is output to the multiplier calorie calculator 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the CL code quadrature signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- the correlator 12h mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CL code signal CLel output from the CL code generator 10b to generate a differential CL code orthogonal signal.
- the differential CL code orthogonal correlation signal is output to the multiplier calorimeter 160 by performing correlation processing by accumulating the differential CL code orthogonal signal according to the period based on the sampling clock.
- This correlator 12h corresponds to the “differential CL code orthogonal correlation processing means” of the present invention.
- the multiplier / adder 160 mixes the CM code in-phase correlation signal and the differentiated CM code in-phase correlation signal by the multiplier 161a and outputs the first CM code correlation signal, and the multiplier 161b outputs the CL code in-phase correlation signal.
- the differential CL code in-phase correlation signal is mixed to output the first CL code correlation signal, and the multiplier 161c mixes the CM code quadrature correlation signal and the differential CM code quadrature correlation signal to output the second CM code correlation signal.
- the multiplier 161d mixes the CL code quadrature correlation signal with the differential CL code quadrature correlation signal to output a second CL code correlation signal, and the adder 162 outputs the first, second CM code correlation signal, 1, Add 2nd CL code correlation signal and output.
- the signals added in this way correspond to code phase errors.
- the code phase error calculation unit 8 having such a configuration, the code phase error can be estimated and calculated non-coherently by integrating the CM code and the CL code.
- the code phase can be tracked by estimating and calculating the code phase error continuously and non-coherently. In other words, the pseudorange can be continuously observed non-coherently.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the tracking loop performance of the code phase tracking circuit of this embodiment.
- the horizontal axis is CZN, and the vertical axis is the loss of signal-to-noise ratio SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).
- the characteristic curve represented by coherent CTMC suboptimal represents the case where the code phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 8 of the present embodiment is used, and the characteristic curve represented by coherent DD is a diagram of the present embodiment.
- the characteristic curve represented by L2CL coherent represents the case where the CL code of the L2C signal is tracked using the conventional coherent code tracking method, and the characteristic curve represented by L2CZA non-coherent is the L2C code. Instead, a conventional non-coherent code tracking method is used with a CZA code on the L2 wave.
- the code phase can be tracked with low loss regardless of CZN.
- a code phase tracking circuit that realizes better code phase tracking than before can be realized regardless of the GPS signal reception state.
- the code phase can be added with low loss if CZN is strong.
- the code phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 9 has a simpler circuit configuration than the code phase tracking circuit shown in FIG. 8, and therefore, a code phase tracking circuit that realizes good code phase tracking with a strong signal strength. Can be realized with a simple structure, and code phase tracking can be realized with easy control.
- the code phase is tracked with a lower loss than in the past.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the GPS receiver of this embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the signal processing unit shown in FIG.
- the GPS receiver includes an antenna 200, a high frequency processing unit 300, a signal processing unit 400, a positioning calculation unit 500, and a display operation unit 600.
- the antenna 200 receives the L2 wave modulated with the L2C code from the GPS satellite, and outputs it to the high frequency processing unit 300 via a transmission line such as a cable.
- the high frequency processing unit 300 down-converts the input L2 wave to an intermediate frequency, samples this signal, and digitally processes it. Then, the in-phase component (intermediate I signal) and quadrature component (intermediate Q signal) of the digitally processed intermediate frequency signal and the sampling clock signal SCL are output to the signal processing unit 400.
- the signal processing unit 400 includes a plurality (n in the present embodiment) of signal acquisition / tracking units 401a to 401n and a basic pulse generator 402.
- the basic pulse generator 402 Based on the sample clock signal SCL, the basic pulse generator 402 generates a reference pulse Pb that controls the integration time of the correlators (102a to 102h in FIG. It outputs to signal acquisition tracking part 401a-401n.
- Each of the signal acquisition and tracking units 401a to 401n uses the intermediate I signal and intermediate Q signal input from the high frequency processing unit 300 and the CM code and CL code stored in advance according to the reference pulse Pb.
- the code phase and the carrier phase are output to the positioning calculation unit 500.
- a specific configuration of the signal acquisition / tracking units 401a to 401n will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the positioning calculation unit 500 demodulates and decodes the navigation message included in the L2C signal (L2 wave modulated with the L2C code) and also receives the code phase (pseudorange) input from the signal processing unit 400. And positioning using the carrier phase. Then, the positioning result, that is, data representing the position of the receiver is output to the display operation unit 600.
- the display operation unit 600 includes an operation unit and a display unit, and the display unit displays the position of the receiver based on the positioning result input from the positioning calculation unit 500. Further, when a predetermined operation input by the operator force is performed, the operation unit generates an input operation command and outputs it to the positioning calculation unit 500.
- the positioning calculation unit 500 generates a signal processing command based on this input operation command and outputs it to the signal processing unit 400.
- the signal processing command input to the signal processing unit 400 is input to each of the signal acquisition and tracking units 401a to 40In, and the signal acquisition and tracking units 401a to 401n perform signal acquisition and tracking according to this command.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the signal acquisition and tracking unit shown in FIG.
- the signal acquisition / tracking unit consists of carrier NC02, carrier loop filter 3, code NC07, CM code generator 10a, CL code generator 10b, code loop filter 6, phase rotator 11, correlator 102a to 102h, signal level estimator 103, noise level estimator 104, carrier tracking error detector 105, code tracking error detector 106, mixer 110, and adder 111.
- Phase rotator 11, correlators 102a to 102h, signal level estimator 103 , Noise level estimator 104 and carrier tracking error detector 105 constitute carrier phase error tracking unit 151, phase rotator 11, correlators 102a to 102h, signal level estimator 103, noise level estimator 104, and code
- the tracking error detector 106 constitutes a code phase error tracking unit 152.
- the carrier NC02, carrier loop filter 3, code NC07, CM code generator 10a, CL code generator 10b, code loop filter 6, and phase rotator 11 are the same as those described in the above embodiments. Therefore, explanation is omitted.
- the CM in-phase correlator 102a mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal CMp of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a, and generates a cycle based on the reference norse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating.
- the differential CM in-phase correlator 102b mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CM code signal CMel output from the CM code generator 10a to generate a period based on the reference pulse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating with.
- the differential CM code signal CMel is approximated by a signal of an average value of a signal obtained by advancing the CM code signal CMp with accurate timing by half the chip length and a signal delayed by half the chip length. It is a signal.
- the CL in-phase correlator 102c mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CL code signal CLp of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b, and based on the reference pulse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by accumulating in a cycle.
- the differential CL in-phase correlator 102d mixes the I signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CL code signal CLel output from the CL code generator 10b to generate a period based on the reference pulse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating with.
- the differential CL code signal C Lei is approximated by a signal of an average value of a signal obtained by advancing the CL code signal CLp with an accurate timing by half the chip length and a signal delayed by the half chip length as described above. It is a signal.
- the CM quadrature correlator 102e mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CM code signal CMp of the correct timing output from the CM code generator 10a, and generates a cycle based on the reference norse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating.
- the differential CM quadrature correlator 102f mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CM code signal CMel output from the CM code generator 10a, and integrates them with a period based on the reference pulse Pb. The correlation process is performed.
- the CL quadrature correlator 102g mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the CL code signal CLp of the correct timing output from the CL code generator 10b, with a period based on the reference pulse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating.
- the differential CL quadrature correlator 102h mixes the Q signal input from the phase rotator 11 and the differential CL code signal CLel output from the CL code generator 10b to generate a period based on the reference pulse Pb. Correlation processing is performed by integrating with.
- the output signal of CM in-phase correlator 102a, the output signal of CL in-phase correlator 102c, the output signal of CM orthogonal correlator 102e, and the output signal of CL quadrature correlator 102g are signal level estimators. 103, noise level estimator 104, carrier tracking error detector 105, and code tracking error detector 106.
- the output signal of the differential CM in-phase correlator 102b, the output signal of the differential CL in-phase correlator 102d, the output signal of the differential CM quadrature correlator 102f, and the output signal of the differential CL quadrature correlator 102h are code tracking errors. Input to the detector 106.
- the signal level estimator 103 estimates the signal level (amplitude) of the received L2C signal based on the input signal, and outputs it to the carrier tracking error detector 105 and the code tracking error detector 106 .
- the noise level estimator 104 estimates and calculates the noise level (variance) of the received L2C signal based on the input signal, and outputs it to the carrier tracking error detector 105 and the code tracking error detector 106.
- Carrier tracking error detector 105 calculates a carrier tracking error (corresponding to a carrier phase error or a carrier frequency error) based on the input signal, and outputs it to carrier loop filter 105 and mixer 110.
- the code tracking error detector 106 calculates a code tracking error (corresponding to a code phase error) based on the input signal and outputs the code tracking error to the code loop filter 6.
- Mixer 110 multiplies the input carrier tracking error by a constant 1Z1200 set from the period of the carrier signal and code signal, and outputs the result to adder 111.
- the adder 111 adds this signal and the signal output from the code loop filter 6 and outputs the result to the code NC07.
- the carrier tracking error detector 105 and the code tracking error detector 106 are appropriately configured to observe the carrier phase, the carrier frequency, and the code phase (tracking). )It can be performed.
- the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 has a configuration as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 in the case of carrier phase tracking.
- (A) shows the case where hyperbolic tangent function calculation is used, and
- (b) shows the case where sigmoid function calculation is used.
- the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 is a mixer that mixes the output of the CM in-phase correlator 102a and the output of the noise level estimator 104. 701, a mixer 702 that mixes the output of the mixer 701 and the output of the signal level estimator 103, a tanh arithmetic unit 703 that calculates a hyperbolic tangent function of the output signal of the mixer 702, and an output of the tanh arithmetic unit 703 And a mixer 704 that mixes the output of the CM quadrature correlator 102e, and an adder 705 that adds the output of the mixer 704 and the output of the CL quadrature correlator 102g and outputs a carrier phase error.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment described above. That is, by configuring the carrier phase error detector 105 as shown in FIG. 15 (a), the carrier phase can be reliably tracked with a lower loss than in the prior art regardless of the state of the received signal.
- the circuit including the mixers 701 and 702 and the tanh calculation unit 703 shown in FIG. replace.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the carrier phase error calculation unit 1 shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment described above.
- the carrier phase error detection circuit 105 having the structure shown in FIG. 15B has a strong signal strength against noise, and in this case, the carrier phase can be tracked at high speed with a simple structure.
- the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 uses a configuration as shown in FIG. Figure 16 shows an example of the configuration of carrier phase tracking error detector 105 for carrier frequency tracking.
- FIG. (A) shows the case where hyperbolic tangent function calculation is used, and (b) shows the case where sigmoid function calculation is used.
- the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 when using the hyperbolic tangent function calculation, has the following circuit formed in the front stage of the mixer 701 shown in FIG. 15 (a). ing.
- the carrier phase tracking error detector 105 in Fig. 16 (a) receives the output from the CM in-phase correlator 102a, the output from the CM quadrature correlator 102e, the output from the CL in-phase correlator 102c, and the output from the CL quadrature correlator 102g.
- Equation (11) Using the delay units 707a to 707d to delay, the output of the CM in-phase correlator 102a, the output of the CM quadrature correlator 102e, and the output of the delay units 707a and 707b, the inner product operation shown in Equation (11) is performed.
- the Cross calculator 709 that performs the outer product calculation shown in Equation (10)
- CL A cross calculator 710 that performs an outer product calculation shown in equation (12) using the output of the in-phase correlator 102c, the output of the CL quadrature correlator 102g, and the outputs of the delay units 707c and 707d is provided.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the carrier frequency error calculation unit 4 shown in FIG. 5 of the second embodiment described above. That is, by configuring the carrier phase error detector 105 as shown in FIG. 16 (a), it is possible to reliably track the carrier frequency with lower loss than in the prior art.
- the circuit including the mixers 701 and 702 and the tanh calculation unit 703 shown in FIG. replace.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the carrier frequency error calculation unit 4 shown in FIG. 6 of the second embodiment described above.
- the carrier phase error detection circuit 105 having the structure shown in FIG. 16 (b) has a high signal strength against noise, and in this case, the carrier frequency can be tracked at high speed with a simple structure.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the code phase tracking error detector 106.
- (A) shows the case where hyperbolic tangent function calculation is used, and (b) shows the case where sigmoid function calculation is used.
- the output unit 106 includes a mixer 701 that mixes the output of the CM in-phase correlator 102a and the output of the noise level estimator 104, and a mixer 702 that mixes the output of the mixer 701 and the output of the signal level estimator 103.
- the tanh computing unit 703 that performs the hyperbolic tangent function computation of the output signal of the mixer 702, the mixer 704 that mixes the output of the tanh computing unit 703 and the output of the differential CM in-phase correlator 102b, and the output of the mixer 704 and the differential And an adder 705 that calorically calculates the output of the CL in-phase correlator 102d and outputs a code phase error.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the code phase error calculation unit 5 shown in FIG. 8 of the third embodiment described above. That is, by configuring the code phase error detector 106 as shown in FIG. 17 (a), it is possible to reliably track the code phase with a lower loss than in the past without depending on the state of the received signal.
- the circuit comprising the mixers 701 and 702 and the tanh calculation unit 703 shown in FIG. replace.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the code phase error calculator 5 shown in FIG. 9 of the third embodiment described above.
- the code phase error detection circuit 106 by configuring the code phase error detection circuit 106 as shown in FIG. 17B, the code phase can be tracked at high speed with a simple structure when the signal strength against noise is strong.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the code phase tracking error detector 106.
- the code phase tracking error detector 106 includes a mixer 711a that mixes the output of the CM common-mode correlator 102a and the output of the differential CM common-mode correlator 102b, and a CL common-mode correlator.
- the mixer 711b that mixes the output of 102c and the output of the differential CL in-phase correlator 102d, the mixer 711c that mixes the output of the CM quadrature correlator 102e and the output of the differential CM quadrature correlator 102f, and the CL quadrature correlator 102g
- the mixer 71 Id that mixes the output of the output and the output of the differential CL quadrature correlator 102h
- the adder 712a that adds the output of the mixer 711a and the output of the mixer 711b, the output of the mixer 711c, and the output of the mixer 711d
- An adder 712b for adding, and an adder 712c for adding the output of the adder 712a and the output of the adder 712b to output a code phase error are provided.
- This circuit configuration corresponds to the code phase error calculation unit 8 shown in FIG. 10 of the third embodiment described above. That is, the code phase error detection circuit 106 is configured
- the configuration of the carrier tracking error detector 105 and the code tracking error detector 106 can be easily changed. be able to.
- a GPS receiver that reliably tracks the carrier phase, the carrier frequency, and the code phase can be configured according to the required situation. This makes it possible to configure a GPS receiver that reliably performs relative positioning according to the signal level and noise ratio of GPS satellite power.
- each component is realized by a node power
- These components may be realized by software.
- the carrier phase error tracking unit 151 and the code phase error tracking unit 152 surrounded by the solid line shown in FIG. 14 and each arithmetic unit, estimator, correlator, etc. in other diagrams are programmed in the DSP or ASIC. Realize with software.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a carrier phase tracking circuit using a phase rotator as an example.
- FIG. 19 is a partial block diagram showing a carrier phase tracking circuit of another configuration.
- the in-phase and quadrature components of the baseband L2C signal are generated by the digital converter 11 'instead of the phase rotator.
- the digital converter 11 ′ is separated into one intermediate frequency L2C signal, that is, an in-phase component and a quadrature component, and an intermediate frequency L2C signal force. Is generated.
- the digital converter 11 ′ corresponds to the “baseband signal generating means” of the present invention.
- the above-described configuration can be applied, and the above-described effects can be obtained.
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004269584A JP5241057B2 (ja) | 2004-09-16 | 2004-09-16 | L2c信号追尾装置およびこれを用いたgps受信機 |
| JP2004-269584 | 2004-09-16 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006030575A1 true WO2006030575A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
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| PCT/JP2005/012309 Ceased WO2006030575A1 (ja) | 2004-09-16 | 2005-07-04 | L2c信号追尾装置およびこれを用いたgps受信機 |
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| JP (1) | JP5241057B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006030575A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102426369A (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-25 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 一种l2c掩星信号开环跟踪处理方法 |
| CN102621563A (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-01 | 东南大学 | 一种基于fpga的gps软件接收机信号跟踪方法及其系统 |
| JP2012533080A (ja) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-12-20 | トップコン ジーピーエス,エルエルシー | アンテナ・ユニットのセットからの信号を処理するナビゲーション受信機 |
| CN104765051A (zh) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-08 | 芜湖航飞科技股份有限公司 | 一种gps卫星接收机载波跟踪系统 |
| CN105277955A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-01-27 | 上海华测导航技术股份有限公司 | 一种用于gps卫星导航的基带信号处理方法 |
| CN105467410A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-06 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 导航信号生成方法 |
| CN106291606A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 北京航天自动控制研究所 | 一种抗多径高精度码环鉴相方法 |
| CN106842247A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-13 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 一种gps的l2c信号生成方法及装置 |
| CN114019541A (zh) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-08 | 国科海芯(上海)微电子有限公司 | L2c信号的跟踪方法、装置、存储介质和设备 |
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| JP4651422B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2011-03-16 | 日本無線株式会社 | 衛星航法装置 |
| JP5376762B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-07 | 2013-12-25 | 日本無線株式会社 | 衛星信号の雑音推定装置、信号対雑音比演算装置及び衛星信号受信装置 |
| JP2010286354A (ja) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-12-24 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | ドップラ周波数推定装置、測位信号捕捉追尾装置、測位装置、およびドップラ周波数測定方法 |
| CN105572701B (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳市力合微电子股份有限公司 | 一种用于北斗二代接收机弱信号跟踪的码环鉴相方法 |
| CN106226791A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆邮电大学 | 基于并行scpc与hrc相结合的高阶boc信号多径抑制算法 |
| CN109541651A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | 一种gpsl1l2双频信号联合捕获方法 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012533080A (ja) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-12-20 | トップコン ジーピーエス,エルエルシー | アンテナ・ユニットのセットからの信号を処理するナビゲーション受信機 |
| CN102426369A (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-25 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 一种l2c掩星信号开环跟踪处理方法 |
| CN102621563A (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-01 | 东南大学 | 一种基于fpga的gps软件接收机信号跟踪方法及其系统 |
| CN105277955A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-01-27 | 上海华测导航技术股份有限公司 | 一种用于gps卫星导航的基带信号处理方法 |
| CN104765051A (zh) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-08 | 芜湖航飞科技股份有限公司 | 一种gps卫星接收机载波跟踪系统 |
| CN105467410A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-06 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 导航信号生成方法 |
| CN106842247A (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-13 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | 一种gps的l2c信号生成方法及装置 |
| CN106291606A (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 北京航天自动控制研究所 | 一种抗多径高精度码环鉴相方法 |
| CN114019541A (zh) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-08 | 国科海芯(上海)微电子有限公司 | L2c信号的跟踪方法、装置、存储介质和设备 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2006084330A (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
| JP5241057B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
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