WO2006021605A1 - Unites d'insertion microperforees destinees a etre utilisees en tant qu'absorbants acoustiques - Google Patents

Unites d'insertion microperforees destinees a etre utilisees en tant qu'absorbants acoustiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006021605A1
WO2006021605A1 PCT/ES2005/070082 ES2005070082W WO2006021605A1 WO 2006021605 A1 WO2006021605 A1 WO 2006021605A1 ES 2005070082 W ES2005070082 W ES 2005070082W WO 2006021605 A1 WO2006021605 A1 WO 2006021605A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acoustic
devices
microperforated
mesh
panels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2005/070082
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jaime PFRETZSCHNER SÁNCHEZ
Pedro Cobo Parra
Francisco SIMÓN HIDALGO
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas filed Critical Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas
Publication of WO2006021605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006021605A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements

Definitions

  • porous or fibrous materials are normally used capable of absorbing the unwanted incident acoustic energy in the range of medium and high frequencies (approximately from 200 Hz).
  • these types of devices made with these materials which have rough surfaces and open pores are not the most appropriate for health requirements (they are considered carcinogens and also absorbers of all types of dust and bacteria) and / or cleaning (white cameras), as well as in other cases in which their presence should not be relevant and should pass as unnoticed as possible even being transparent optically.
  • it is acoustically conditioning spaces with extreme technical requirements such as the nozzles of aviation engines, etc., where classic absorbent acoustic materials are not viable.
  • the traditional absorbents mentioned above need relatively large thicknesses to effectively absorb in the regions of the acoustic spectrum of low and medium frequencies.
  • the acoustic absorption is a consequence of the acoustic resistance to the air flow of the system (mainly of the reactive type) and a low mass reactance.
  • the energy losses are due to the effects of thermal and viscous gradients that occur in the perforations to the passage of the acoustic wave, in this case essentially the resistive part of the characteristic acoustic impedance of the material.
  • the sound absorption frequency band in a specific microperforated panel depends essentially on the diameter of the perforations, the thickness of the panel, the percentage of perforation thereof (total area of the perforations / area of the panel surface), as well as the space of air enclosed between the panel and the rigid rear structure on which it rests.
  • microperforated panels has been limited to panels for making false ceilings with absorbent acoustic properties, which among its advantages include: reduction of risks in enclosures with high health conditions; cleaning possibilities; mechanical sensitivity during assembly and installation; physiological effects due to the abrasion and dispersion of the fibers, etc.
  • Pat. N 0 6,617,002 Microperforated polymeric film for sound absorption and sound absorb using same.
  • the films are of the order of 100 ⁇ m, which really constitutes a handicap against their resistance to external agents (easy rupture, delicate handling, difficult cleaning since these pores quickly fill up with the environmental dust, etc. ), in addition to its mechanical fragility.
  • a microperforated acoustic panel consists in obtaining a resistance to adequate air flow through a certain number of perforations with diameters less than 1 mm. and drilling percentages in the order of 1 -10%.
  • Behind the panel must have an air cavity that acts in these conditions as a vibrating mass - spring system capable of absorbing a relatively wide band of frequencies of the incident acoustic energy.
  • Said frequency band can be conveniently extended by simply having several panels in parallel with intermediate air spaces calculated ad hoc. They can also an extension of the frequency band to be absorbed is obtained by simply curving the microperforated panel or the wall that constitutes the air cavity.
  • the selection of the configuration of the holes not only determines the range of frequencies to be absorbed but also the efficiency of the absorbers in that range.
  • the panels can be rigid, in which case the theories of Maa must be applied; but they can also be flexible, taking this situation into account in the calculation of membrane-induced vibrations, which give rise to supplementary absorption.
  • the present invention consists in the design and construction of small mechanical devices (MIUs) that can be inserted very easily and comfortably in any panel that covers a more or less reflective surface (separated from it a certain space) in such a way that allow its transformation into an absorbent device to the incident sound on it.
  • MIUs small mechanical devices
  • This type of panels, thus treated, are applicable both in public or private use rooms (building acoustics, conference and concert halls, ...); They can also be of great application in vehicles (car roofs, airplane cabins, ...), in enclosures where cleaning plays a fundamental role (hospital rooms, operating rooms, food preparation rooms, white microelectronic research chambers ,. ..), etc., since they can be cleaned with detergents or other antibacterial media
  • Films made with perforated polymers, with perforations of the order of 4 to 20 mils (100 ⁇ m - 0.5 mm) can be filled with dirt, dust, etc. especially for the smaller diameters, and given the extreme thinness of the film (50 ⁇ m typical) its cleaning is highly difficult, in the case that it can be done.
  • the object of the present invention is to simplify and reduce alternative absorbent acoustic systems based on the use of surfaces formed with submillimeter pores.
  • the absorbent surface by another meshing of a unit cell of notably larger dimensions, in which a set of sub-millimeter pores would be concentrated in its nodes, calculated in such a way that its resulting perforation percentage is equivalent to the previous one.
  • Figure 3 schematizes the principle of operation of the invention: it is mainly about replacing the perforated panel on the left (fig. 3a) of numerous sub-millimeter perforations, of expensive and sophisticated technology when it must be metallic, ceramic, glass etc., on the right (fig. 3b) in which a small number of large perforations covered with a mesh (metal, plastic, etc.) whose light is equivalent to the diameter of the perforations of fig. 3a and so that the percentage of perforation provided by all of these "microperforated insertion units" (MIU) is equivalent to that of the first situation (figure 3a).
  • MIU microperforated insertion units
  • Figures 1 and 2 show examples of fixing the meshes to the plates or surfaces to be treated.
  • the arrangement of Figure 1b is ideal when the surface to be acoustically conditioned is of reduced thickness, as is the case of a metal plate of thickness less than a millimeter, or pre-molded covers of fabrics or plastics impervious to the flow of air used in cabins of vehicles, etc.
  • the case of Figure 1c is specially designed when the surface to be treated is flaccid, such as for example interior plastic cover fabrics. In these cases, the submillimeter mesh is attached to an adhesive circular crown that can be glued over the holes made in the cover.
  • the arrangement of Figure 2 is applicable to the case of panels of appreciable thicknesses, such as false plaster ceilings, vertical panels of partial separation of enclosures, screen screens etc., in which the neck of the "MIU" is embedded in the housings. of the perforations previously made in the panels.
  • the length of the cavity can be regulated by means of the lower cylinder that has one of its bases closed, which makes it possible to tune the resonance frequency of the system. Different lengths will allow to form spectra of controlled bandwidth, through an adequate selection of the respective resonance frequencies.
  • the "MIUs" of Figure 1 can be installed in thin or very thin panels, if a riveting device is available, in the manner and shape of those used in automatic closures of clothing, where the lower end of the cylinder opens and folds over the panel or fabric.
  • Figure 2 presents the case in which MIUs are installed in spaces whose cavities are of great magnitude (suspended ceilings, vertical partial separation panels, etc.) and hinder the tuning of the desired frequency band .
  • the closed mobile cylinder can be moved so that the air cavity after the desired value can be adjusted.
  • the total absorption bandwidth can be significantly increased and adapted to the different ambient noise conditions to be mitigated, without more than tuning in groups the different MIUs, adequately varying the length of the cylinders that make up the cavities.
  • Figure 1a-1 Plant a MIU on a bearing plate in which a perforation has been performed that is coated with a submillimeter mesh
  • Figure 1a-2 Cut of a MIU on a bearing plate in which a perforation has been performed that is coated with a sub-millimeter mesh.
  • Figure 2 MIU whose maximum frequency absorption of the spectrum can be tuned by varying the length of the cavity by means of the adequate displacement of the closed tube.
  • Figure 3a Microperforated panel for hundreds of holes or thousands of submillimeter perforations.
  • Figure 4. In a continuous line, the variation of the acoustic absorption coefficient is shown as a function of the frequency, obtained experimentally in a standing wave tube, of a MIU formed by a 0.5mm thick and 30mm diameter plate with a 5mm diameter hole covered with a 100 ⁇ m mesh of light, resulting in a drilling coefficient of 0.81%. 5 cm air cavity between the MIU and the rigid bottom of the standing wave tube.
  • the absorption spectrum theoretically calculated for the MIU parameters described above is presented in dashed lines.
  • Figure 5. In a continuous line, the variation of the acoustic absorption coefficient is presented as a function of the frequency, obtained experimentally in a standing wave tube, of a MIU formed by a 0.5mm thick and 100mm diameter plate with 28 6mm diameter holes covered with a 35 ⁇ m mesh of light, resulting in a drilling coefficient of 1.31%. 20cm air cavity between the MIU and the rigid bottom of the standing wave tube.
  • Example of embodiment of the invention In the following examples (figures 4, 5) the absorption spectra obtained with different devices measured experimentally in an impedance tube (Kundt tube) are presented, according to the procedure standardized in ISO Standard 10534 Part. 1/2 "Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes". The absorption thus measured, corresponds to normal acoustic incidence on the surface of the sample, whose results will show an absorption spectrum with a maximum (which depends on the characteristics of the microperforated material, and the air cavity between it and the rigid wall of the tube) followed by a minimum repeating this sequence for higher frequencies of the excitation signal.
  • the bell of the first maximum absorption is as wide as possible, that its maximum value reaches values of the absorption coefficient ⁇ 1 and that at frequencies lower and higher than that corresponding to ⁇ «1 in which the coefficient Absorption takes values of 0.4, are separated in the largest possible range, as in the case of Figure 5.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la conception et la production de matériaux et de dispositifs absorbants une onde acoustique, représentant une alternative aux matériaux fibreux ou poreux et dont les caractéristiques d'absorption acoustique sont identiques ou supérieures à celles des matériaux microperforés. Les dispositifs de l'invention comprennent des mailles ou des éléments acoustiques identiques présentant des trous sous-millimétriques, pouvant être facilement insérés dans des surfaces exposées à l'onde sonore. Les caractéristiques du spectre d'absorption obtenu dépendent de la conception adéquate desdits éléments, à savoir : trou de la maille, nombre d'éléments à insérer pour une surface déterminée, format de la cavité postérieure (avec possibilité de régulation individuelle), etc. Les dispositifs de l'invention présentent d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques qui permettent une installation et un nettoyage faciles sans perte des caractéristiques acoustiques. Lesdits dispositifs sont ainsi appropriés pour les traitements acoustiques pour lesquels l'hygiène, la propreté et/ou des situations extraordinaires d'utilisation représentent une importance primordiale.
PCT/ES2005/070082 2004-06-03 2005-06-02 Unites d'insertion microperforees destinees a etre utilisees en tant qu'absorbants acoustiques WO2006021605A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200401350A ES2245240B1 (es) 2004-06-03 2004-06-03 Unidades de insercion microperforadas para su uso como absorbentes acusticos.
ESP200401350 2004-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006021605A1 true WO2006021605A1 (fr) 2006-03-02

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ES (1) ES2245240B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006021605A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2015291A1 (fr) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Akustik & Raum AG Eléments acoustiques
US8371419B2 (en) 2008-04-22 2013-02-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid sound absorbing sheet
US8469145B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2013-06-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer sound absorbing sheet
US8573358B2 (en) 2008-05-22 2013-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer sound absorbing structure comprising mesh layer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5700527A (en) * 1993-05-11 1997-12-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Sound-absorbing glass building component or transparent synthetic glass building component
WO2002003375A1 (fr) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Absorbeurs de son a film polymere microperfore, forme, et leurs procedes de fabrication
US6617002B2 (en) * 1998-07-24 2003-09-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microperforated polymeric film for sound absorption and sound absorber using same
US6675551B1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2004-01-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Plate-shaped constructional element and method
ES2211586T3 (es) * 1999-08-11 2004-07-16 HP-CHEMIE PELZER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LTD. Componente con alto efecto de absorcion sobre un amplio intervalo de frecuencia.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5700527A (en) * 1993-05-11 1997-12-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Sound-absorbing glass building component or transparent synthetic glass building component
US6617002B2 (en) * 1998-07-24 2003-09-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microperforated polymeric film for sound absorption and sound absorber using same
US6675551B1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2004-01-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Plate-shaped constructional element and method
ES2211586T3 (es) * 1999-08-11 2004-07-16 HP-CHEMIE PELZER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LTD. Componente con alto efecto de absorcion sobre un amplio intervalo de frecuencia.
WO2002003375A1 (fr) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Absorbeurs de son a film polymere microperfore, forme, et leurs procedes de fabrication

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE INSPEC [online] MAA D-Y.: "Potential Microperforated Panel absorber", Database accession no. 6079715 *
JOURNAL OF AUCOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 104, no. 5, November 1998 (1998-11-01), pages 2861 - 2866 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2015291A1 (fr) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Akustik & Raum AG Eléments acoustiques
US8469145B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2013-06-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer sound absorbing sheet
US8371419B2 (en) 2008-04-22 2013-02-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Hybrid sound absorbing sheet
US8573358B2 (en) 2008-05-22 2013-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer sound absorbing structure comprising mesh layer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2245240B1 (es) 2007-03-16
ES2245240A1 (es) 2005-12-16

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