WO2006011631A2 - Thiazole derivatives having vap-1 inhibitory activity - Google Patents

Thiazole derivatives having vap-1 inhibitory activity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006011631A2
WO2006011631A2 PCT/JP2005/014136 JP2005014136W WO2006011631A2 WO 2006011631 A2 WO2006011631 A2 WO 2006011631A2 JP 2005014136 W JP2005014136 W JP 2005014136W WO 2006011631 A2 WO2006011631 A2 WO 2006011631A2
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Prior art keywords
amino
methyl
thiazol
ethyl
phenyl
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PCT/JP2005/014136
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2006011631A3 (en
Inventor
Takayuki Inoue
Takashi Tojo
Masataka Morita
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Astellas Pharma Inc.
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Priority claimed from AU2004904196A external-priority patent/AU2004904196A0/en
Application filed by Astellas Pharma Inc. filed Critical Astellas Pharma Inc.
Priority to DE602005013793T priority Critical patent/DE602005013793D1/de
Priority to JP2007504792A priority patent/JP4978464B2/ja
Priority to US11/572,772 priority patent/US20070254931A1/en
Priority to CA002575411A priority patent/CA2575411A1/en
Priority to EP05768525A priority patent/EP1786792B1/en
Publication of WO2006011631A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006011631A2/en
Publication of WO2006011631A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006011631A3/en

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    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof useful as a vascular adhesion protein-1 inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or salt thereof as an active ingredient, a method for preventing or treating a vascular adhesion protein-1 associated disease, especially macular edema, use of the compound, salt thereof or composition, and the like.
  • Vascular adhesion protein-1 (hereinafter to be abbreviated as VAP-I) is an amine oxidase (semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase, SSAO) which is abundant in human plasma, and shows remarkably increased expression in vascular endothelium and vascular smooth muscle of the inflammatory region. While the physiological role of VAP-I has not been clarified until recently, VAP-I gene was cloned in 1998, and VAP-I has been reported to be a membrane protein that regulates rolling and migration of lymphocyte and NK cell as an adhesion molecule under regulation of expression by inflammatory cytokine. Although the amine to be a substrate is unknown, it is considered to be methylamine generated in any part of living organisms. It is also known that hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes produced due to the amine oxidase activity in the molecule are important factors of adhesion activity.
  • SSAO amine sensitive amine oxidase
  • VAP-I enzyme activity in plasma increases in diabetic patients, whether type I or type II, and the increase is particularly remarkable in diabetic patients suffering from retinopathy complications (Diabetologia, 42 (1999) 233-237 and Diabetic Medicine, 16 ( 1999 ) 514-521 ) .
  • VAP-I is associated with the following diseases:
  • endothelium damage in diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension
  • a cardiovascular disorder associated with diabetes and uremia pain associated with gout and arthritis
  • retinopathy in diabetes patients
  • an (connective tissue) inflammatory disease or condition rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Beh ⁇ et's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis
  • stomatitis a central nervous system inflammatory disease or condition (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemia- reperfusion injury associated with ischemic stroke) ; a pulmonary inflammatory disease or condition (asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ; a (chronic) skin inflammatory disease or condition (psoriasis, allegic lesions, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and pityriasis rubra pilaris) ; a disease related to carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes and complications from diabetes) including microvascular and i ⁇ acrovascular disease (atherosclerosis, vascular retinopathies, retinopathy, nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and neuropathy (polyneuropathy, mononeuropathies and autonomic neuropathy) , foot ulcers, joint problems, and increased risk of
  • SSAO-mediated complication [diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) ) and vascular complication (heart attack, angina, strokes, amputations, blindness and renal failure) ] (see WO 02/38153) ;
  • macular edema is a common ocular abnormality resulting from a vast etiology and characterized by perturbation of the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier of the perifoveal capillaries and the optic nerve head.
  • Macular edema is known to include diabetic and non- diabetic macular edema.
  • Macular edema as a diabetic complication is a disease state that can occur in any stage of diabetic retinopathy, emerges before the onset of neovascularization and causes serious visual disorders.
  • Macular area is a highly evolved part in retina and plays a key role in controlling the eyesight.
  • the macular area suffers from edema, how mild the change may be, it causes a significant failure of eyesight, and when left unattended, the edema causes irreversible changes of macular tissue, and it is considered to encourage progress .of retinopathy.
  • the present inventors have intensively worked on the problem of the drug treatment of a VAP-I associated disease and found that a VAP-I inhibitor is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of the disease, particularly macular edema, and completed the present invention.
  • the present invention provides the following.
  • a compound of the formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) [hereinafter sometimes referred to as Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV), or VAP-I inhibitor] : wherein
  • R 1 is alkylcarbonyl; Xi is a bond or lower alkylene; Yi is a bond, lower alkylene, -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-CH 2 - or -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -; and Zi is -NH 2 , -NH (lower alkyl) or lower alkyl; provided that when Xi is ethylene, then Yi should be C 2 -C6 alkylene, -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-CH 2 - or -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -, when Xi is a bond, then Yi should be a bond, methylene, C 3 -C 6 alkylene, -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-CH 2
  • R 1 is alkylcarbonyl
  • R a is (lower alkyl) sulfonyl, aminosulfonyl or di (lower alkyl) aminosulfonyl
  • R b is mono- or di- (lower alkyl) amino, wherein R c is lower alkyl and R d is (lower alkyl) sulfonyl, di (lower alkyl) aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or nitro, or
  • -CH CH-CO-di (lower alkyl) amino
  • X 2 is a bond or lower alkylene
  • Y 2 is a bond, lower alkylene, -CH 2 -CO- or -NH-CO-CH 2 -; and Z 2 is -NH 2 ; provided that when R 1 is acetyl, X 2 is ethylene, Y 2 is a bond and Z 2 is -NH 2 , then R 2 should not be 3- (methanesulfonyl)benzyl, 4- (methanesulfonyl)benzyl, 4- (ethanesulfonyl)benzyl and 2- (dimethylaminocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl;
  • R 1 is alkylcarbonyl
  • R 3 is -O N ° r • H X 3 is lower alkylene - ; and.
  • Y 3 is lower alkylene r
  • R 1 is alkylcarbonyl; and X 4 is lower alkylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition which comprises, as an active ingredient, the compound of [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • [7] A use of the compound of [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a medicament as a VAP-I inhibitor.
  • VAP-I associated disease is selected from the group consisting of cirrhosis, essential stabilized hypertension, diabetes, arthrosis, endothelium damage (in diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension) , a cardiovascular disorder associated with diabetes and uremia, pain associated with gout and arthritis, retinopathy (in diabetes patients) , an (connective tissue) inflammatory disease or condition (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Beh ⁇ et's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica,
  • a VAP-I inhibitor which comprises the compound of [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a method for preventing or treating macular edema which method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a VAP-I inhibitor in an amount sufficient to treat said subject for macular edema.
  • a method for preventing or treating a VAP-I associated disease comprises administering an effective amount of the compound of [1] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a mammal.
  • VAP-I associated disease is selected from the group consisting of cirrhosis, essential stabilized hypertension, diabetes, arthrosis, endothelium damage (in diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension) , a cardiovascular disorder associated with diabetes and uremia, pain associated with gout and arthritis, retinopathy (in diabetes patients), an (connective tissue) inflammatory disease or condition (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis
  • the present invention is predicated on the discovery that an inhibitor for vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-I; also referred to as semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) or copper-containing amine oxidase) is effective in treating or ameliorating VAP-I associated diseases, especially macular edema, and the like.
  • VAP-I vascular adhesion protein-1
  • SSAO semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase
  • copper-containing amine oxidase copper-containing amine oxidase
  • the present invention provides Compounds (I), (II), (III) and (IV) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof useful as a VAP-I inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition, a method for preventing or treating a VAP-I associated disease, and the like.
  • Suitable "halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • lower is used to intend a group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atom(s), unless otherwise provided.
  • Suitable “lower alkyl” includes straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) (i.e., Ci-C ⁇ alkyl), such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec- butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl, in which more preferred one is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • Suitable "lower alkylene” includes straight or branched alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) (i.e., Ci-C 6 alkylene), such as methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, propylene, ethylidene and propylidene, in which more preferred one is Ci-C 4 alkylene, still more preferred one is C 2 -C 4 alkylene.
  • alkylcarbonyl includes alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) [i.e. the alkyl moiety is Ci-C ⁇ alkyl of the above “lower alkyl”] , such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl and heptanoyl, in which more preferred one is C 1 -C 4 alkyl-carbonyl.
  • Suitable "-NH(lower alkyl) " includes an amino group substituted with the "lower alkyl” defined above (i.e., Ci-C ⁇ alkyl amino) , such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, isobutylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamino, pentylamino, tert-pentylamino, hexylamino and the like.
  • Suitable "mono- or di- (lower alkyl) amino” includes an amino group substituted with 1 or 2 of the "lower alkyl” defined above (i.e., mono- or di-(Ci-C ⁇ alkyl) amino) , such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, isobutylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamino, pentylamino, tert-pentylamino, hexylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, diisopropylamino, dibutylamino, diisobutylamino, di (sec-butyl) amino, di (tert-butyl) amino, dipentylamino, di (tert-pentyl) amino, dihexylamino and the like.
  • Suitable "(lower alkyl) sulfonyl” includes a sulfonyl group having the "lower alkyl” defined above (i.e., (Ci-Ce alkyl) sulfonyl) , such as methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, tert-pentylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl and the like.
  • Suitable "di (lower alkyl) aminosulfonyl” includes a sulfonyl group ⁇ having the "di (lower alkyl) amino" defined above (i.e., di (C x -Ce alkyl) aminosulfonyl) , such as dimethylaminosulfonyl, diethylaminosulfonyl, dipropylaminosulfonyl, diisopropylaminosulfonyl, dibutylaminosulfonyl, diisobutylaminosulfonyl, di (sec- butyl) aminosulfonyl, di (tert-butyl) aminosulfonyl, dipentylaminosulfonyl, di (tert-pentyl) aminosulfonyl, dihexylaminosulfonyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyls may be same or different.
  • Suitable “di (lower alkyl) aminocarbonyl” includes a carbonyl group having the "di (lower alkyl) amino" defined above (i.e., di (Ci-C 6 alkyl) aminocarbonyl) , such as dimethylaminocarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl, dipropylaminocarbonyl, diisopropylaminocarbonyl, dibutylaminocarbonyl, diisobutylaminocarbonyl, di(sec- butyl) aminocarbonyl, di (tert-butyl) aminocarbonyl, dipentylaminocarbonyl, di (tert-pentyl) aminocarbonyl, dihexylaminocarbonyl and the like.
  • the lower alkyls may be same or different.
  • Yi may be attached to ortho, meta or para position of the phenyl group.
  • Y 1 when Xi is ethylene, then Y 1 should be C 2 -C 6 alkylene, -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-CH 2 - or -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -, when X x is a bond, then Yi should be a bond, methylene, C 3 -C 6 alkylene, -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-CH 2 - or -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -, and when R 1 is acetyl, X x is ethylene, Yi is ethylene and Zi is -NH 2 , then Yi should be attached to ortho or meta position of the phenyl group.
  • Y ⁇ may be attached to ortho, meta or para position of the phenyl group.
  • the substitution site of R a on the phenyl is not particularly limited.
  • substitution site of -COR b on the pyrrolidinyl is not particularly limited.
  • substitution site of R d on .the phenyl is not particularly limited.
  • R 2 when R 1 is acetyl, X 2 is ethylene, Y 2 is a bond and Z 2 is -NH2, then R 2 should not be 3- (methanesulfonyl)benzyl, 4- (methanesulfonyl)benzyl, 4- (ethanesulfonyl)benzyl and 2- (dimethylaminocarbonyl) - pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl.
  • X 3 may be attached to 4- or 5- position of the thiazolyl group.
  • Y3 may be attached to ortho, meta or para position of the phenyl group.
  • X4 may be attached to 4- or 5- position of the thiazolyl group.
  • VAP-I vascular adhesion protein-1 associated disease
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of cirrhosis, essential stabilized hypertension, diabetes, arthrosis, endothelium damage (in diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension) , a cardiovascular disorder associated with diabetes and uremia, pain associated with gout and arthritis, retinopathy (in diabetes patients) , an (connective tissue) inflammatory disease or condition
  • rheumatoid arthritis ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter' s syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Beh ⁇ et's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue disease, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) , a gastrointestinal inflammatory disease or condition [Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon) , fibrotic conditions of the liver, inflammation of the oral mucosa (
  • IDM insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  • NIDDM non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  • vascular complication heart attack, angina, strokes, amputations, blindness and renal failure
  • macular edema e.g., diabetic and non-diabetic macular edema
  • transplantation e.g., transplantation and the like.
  • VAP-I vascular adhesion protein-1
  • VAP-I inhibitor a compound having VAP-I inhibitory activity
  • the subject is meant a target of the administration of VAP-I inhibitor in the present invention, which is specifically various animals such as mammal, e.g., human, mouse, rat, swine, dog, cat, horse, bovine and the like, especially human.
  • mammal e.g., human, mouse, rat, swine, dog, cat, horse, bovine and the like, especially human.
  • the therapeutic method comprises administration of a VAP-I inhibitor in an amount sufficient to treat the VAP-I associated disease, especially macular edema.
  • a VAP-I inhibitor can be used in the method of the present invention as long as it is safe and effective.
  • the "VAP-I inhibitor” will be used to refer to such compounds/medicaments, which include Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV), and is intended to encompass all compounds that inhibit enzyme activity of VAP-I at any and all points in the action mechanism thereof.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor used in the present invention may further include fluoroallylamine derivatives, semicarbazide derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, hydrazino derivatives, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazine derivatives, 4-alkyl-5- alkoxycarbonyl-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroimidazo [4, 5-c]pyridine derivatives, 2, 6-diethoxybenzylamine, 2, 6-di (n- propoxy)benzylamine, 2, 6-diisopropoxybenzylamine, 2, 6-di (n- butoxy)benzylamine, 2, 6-bis (methoxymethoxy)benzylamine, 2,6- bis (methoxymethyl)benzylamine, 2, 6-diethylbenzylamine, 2,6- di-n-propylbenzylamine, 2, 6-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy)benzylamine, and the like.
  • fluoroallylamine derivatives 1,carbazide derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, hydrazino
  • the term "derivative” is intended to include all compounds derived from the original compound.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor can be administered as a prodrug to a subject.
  • prodrug is intended to include all compounds that convert to the VAP-I inhibitor in the body of the administration subject.
  • the prodrug can be any pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of VAP-I inhibitor.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor can be administered to the administration subject as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the VAP-I inhibitor is nontoxic and a pharmaceutically acceptable conventional salt, which is exemplified by salts with inorganic or organic base such as alkali metal salt (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt and the like) , alkaline earth metal salt (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like), ammonium salt, and amine salt (e.g., triethylamine salt, N- benzyl-N-methylamine salt and the like) .
  • alkali metal salt e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt and the like
  • alkaline earth metal salt e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like
  • ammonium salt e.g., triethylamine salt, N- benzyl-N-methylamine salt and the like
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the VAP-I inhibitor includes a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from mineral acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids, and organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic, glycolic, gluconic, succinic and arylsulfonic acids, for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt such as hydrochloride and hydriodide, particularly (mono-, di- or tri-)hydrochloride, is preferable.
  • VAP-I inhibitors except Compound (I), (II), (III) and (IV) may be commercially available or can be produced based on known references.
  • Compounds (I), (II), (III) and (IV) can be synthesized according to the following Production Method, Reference Example, Production Examples, the analogous methods thereto and the organic synthetic methods known to the art.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered in accordance with the present inventive method via any suitable route.
  • Suitable routes of administration include systemic, such as orally or by injection, topical, periocular (e.g., subTenon's), subconjunctival, intraocular, subretinal, suprachoroidal and retrobulbar administrations.
  • periocular e.g., subTenon's
  • subconjunctival e.g., intraocular, subretinal, suprachoroidal and retrobulbar administrations.
  • the manner in which the VAP-I inhibitor is administered is dependent, in part, upon whether the treatment of a VAP-I associated disease is prophylactic or therapeutic.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor is preferably administered as soon as possible after it has been determined that a subject such as mammal, specifically a human, is at risk for a VAP-I associated disease (prophylactic treatments) or has begun to develop a VAP-I associated disease (therapeutic treatments) . Treatment will depend, in part, upon the particular VAP-I inhibitor to be used, the amount of the VAP-I inhibitor to be administered, the route of administration, and the cause and extent, if any, of a VAP-I associated disease realized.
  • suitable methods of administering a VAP-I inhibitor which is useful in the present inventive method, are available.
  • a particular route can provide a more immediate and more effective reaction than another route. Accordingly, the described routes of administration are merely exemplary and are in no way limiting.
  • the dose of the VAP-I inhibitor administered to the administration subject such as animal including human, particularly a human, in accordance with the present invention, should be sufficient to effect the desired response in the subject over a reasonable time frame.
  • dosage will depend upon a variety of factors, including the strength of the particular VAP-I inhibitor to be employed/ the age, species, conditions or disease states, and body weight of the subject; and the degree of a VAP-I associated disease.
  • the size of the dose also will be determined depending on the route, timing and frequency of administration; the existence, nature and extent of any adverse side effects that might accompany the administration of a particular VAP- 1 inhibitor; and the desired physiological effect. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that various conditions or disease states may require prolonged treatment involving multiple administrations.
  • Suitable doses and dosage regimens can be determined by conventional range-finding techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages, which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. Generally, the VAP-I inhibitor can be administered in the dose of from about 1 ⁇ g/kg/day to about 300 mg/kg/day, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, which is given in a single dose or 2 to 4 doses a day or in a sustained manner.
  • compositions for use in the present inventive method preferably comprise a "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" and an amount of a VAP-I inhibitor sufficient to treat a VAP-I associated disease, especially macular edema, prophylactically or therapeutically as an active ingredient.
  • the carrier can be any of those conventionally used and is limited only by chemico-physical considerations, such as the solubility and lack of the reactivity of the compound, and by the route of administration.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor can be administered in various manners to achieve the desired VAP-I inhibitory effect.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor can be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, the properties and nature of which are determined by the solubility and chemical properties of the inhibitor selected, the chosen administration route, and standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • the VAP-I inhibitor may be administered orally in solid dosage forms, e.g., capsules, tablets, powders, or in liquid forms, e.g., solutions or suspensions.
  • the inhibitor may also be injected parenterally in the form of sterile solutions or suspensions.
  • Solid oral forms may contain conventional excipients, for instance, lactose, sucrose, magnesium stearate, resins, and similar materials.
  • Liquid oral forms may contain various flavoring, coloring, preserving, stabilizing, solubilizing or suspending agents.
  • Parenteral preparations are sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions which may contain certain various preserving, stabilizing, buffering, solubilizing or suspending agents.
  • additives such as saline or glucose, may be added to make the solutions isotonic.
  • the present inventive method also can involve the co ⁇ administration of other pharmaceutically active compound(s) .
  • co-administration is meant administration of the other pharmaceutically active compound(s) before, concurrently with, e.g., in combination with a VAP-I inhibitor in the same formulation or in separate formulations, or after administration of the VAP-I inhibitor as described above.
  • corticosteroids prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone or -triamcinolone acetinide, or noncorticosteroid anti-inflammatory compounds, such as ibuprofen or flubiprofen, can be co-administered.
  • vitamins and minerals e.g., zinc
  • anti-oxidants e.g., carotenoids (such as a xanthophyll carotenoid like zeaxanthin or lutein)
  • micronutrients can be co- administered.
  • VAP-I inhibitor according to the present invention is useful for preparing a medicament such as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for the VAP-I associated diseases.
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined above;
  • Li is a leaving group such as halogen (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) ;
  • T is alkylcarbonyloxy(lower alkyl) wherein the alkylcarbonyl and the lower alkyl are defined above (e.g., acetyloxymethyl) ,
  • R 3 , Xi, X 2 , X 3 / X4, Yi, Y2/ Y3/ Zi and Z 2 are as defined above;
  • L 2 is a leaving group such as -OH, halogen (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) , -O-alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkylcarbonyl is as defined above (e.g., -O-acetyl and the like) .
  • halogen e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine
  • -O-alkylcarbonyl wherein the alkylcarbonyl is as defined above (e.g., -O-acetyl and the like) .
  • Suitable salt of Compound (2) may be the same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • Compounds (1) and (2) or its salt may be commercially available or can be prepared in accordance with the methods known per se.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, acetic acid, and other organic solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction, or a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction can be carried out under cooling to heating.
  • Compound (3) thus obtained can be isolated or purified by known separation or purification means, such as concentration, concentration in vacuo, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like, and can be converted to a salt same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • Compound (4) may be commercially available or can be prepared in accordance with the methods known per se.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, and other organic solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction, or a mixture thereof.
  • a conventional solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, and other organic solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction, or a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction is also preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional base such as 4-dimethylamino- pyridine, pyridine etc.
  • a liquid base can be also used as the solvent.
  • the reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction can be carried out under cooling to heating.
  • Compound (5) thus obtained can be isolated or purified by known separation or purification means, such as concentration, concentration in vacuo, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like, and can be converted to a salt same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • the acylation may be applied to Compound (1) in advance.
  • the nitrogen atom(s) in Compound (1), (2), (3) ox (5) may be protected or deprotected, as necessary, in accordance with methods known per se such as the methods described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (1980), and the like.
  • Procedure B Synthesis of Compounds (I) to (IV) wherein X x , X 2 , X3 and X4 are lower alkylene such as ethylene (i.e. -CH 2 -CH 2 -) , for example,
  • L 3 is a leaving group such as halogen (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodine) and/or halogenotriphenylphosphinyl (e.g., BrPh 3 P- ); and
  • U is carboxy(lower alkyl)phenyl (e.g., carboxymethylphenyl) ,
  • Compound (6) or its salt is reacted with Compound (7) or its salt to give an olefin compound (8) .
  • Suitable salts of Compounds (6) and (7) may be the same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • Compounds (6) and (7) or salts thereof may be commercially available or can be prepared in accordance with the methods known per se.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and other organic solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction, or a mixture thereof.
  • the reaction is also usually carried out in the presence of triphenylphosphine and/or a conventional base such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide and the like.
  • the reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction can be carried out under cooling to heating.
  • Compound (8) thus obtained can be isolated or purified by known separation or purification means, such as concentration, concentration in vacuo, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like, and can be converted to a salt same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • Compound (8) or its salt is reduced in accordance with a conventional method to give Compound (9) .
  • the conventional reduction includes hydrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.
  • catalytic hydrogenation is preferable.
  • the catalytic hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon, preferably 10% palladium on carbon.
  • the catalytic hydrogenation is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and other solvent which does not adversely affect the reaction, or a mixture thereof.
  • the catalytic hydrogenation is also preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional acid such as acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and the like.
  • a liquid acid can be also used as the solvent.
  • the reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction can be carried out under cooling to heating.
  • Compound (9) thus obtained can be isolated or purified by known separation or purification means, such as concentration, concentration in vacuo, solvent extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, phase transfer, chromatography and the like, and can be converted to a salt same as those exemplified for Compound (I), (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • Compound (11) or a salt thereof can be prepared from Compound (10) or a salt thereof in a similar manner as described above.
  • Suitable salts of Compounds (10) and (11) may be the same as those exemplified for Compound (I) / (II), (III) or (IV) .
  • the nitrogen atom(s) in Compound (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11) may be protected or deprotected, as necessary, in accordance with methods known per se such as the methods described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (1980), and the like.
  • N- (4- (Hydroxymethyl) -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2.8 g) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml) and chloroform (200 ml) . Then, manganese (IV) oxide (28.3 g) was added to the solution under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours, and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was washed with ethyl ether to give N- (4-formyl-l, 3- thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2.01 g) as an off-white solid, mp. 195.5-199°C
  • Step 6 of Production Example 2 in a manner similar to Step 7 of Production Example 1.
  • Step 8 Di-tert-butyl ⁇ (E) - [ (4- ⁇ 4- [2- (acetylamino) -1,3-thiazol-4- yl]phenyl ⁇ -2-oxobutyl) amino]methylidene ⁇ biscarbamate was prepared from the compound of Step 7 of Production Example 5 in a manner similar to Step 13 of Production Example 1.
  • Step 9 The title compound was prepared from the compound of Step
  • Step 1 To a solution of N- [4- (chloromethyl) -1, 3-thiazol-2- yl] acetamide (23.6 g) in toluene (200 ml) and acetonitril (80 ml) was added triphenylphosphine (35.7 g) at 25 0 C. The mixture was stirred at 130 0 C for 12 hr. Resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with IPE to give ⁇ [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3-thiazol-4- yl]methyl ⁇ (triphenyl)phosphonium chloride (35.7 g) as colourless powder.
  • Methyl (2E) -3- (4-formylphenyl) acrylate was prepared from benzene-1, 4-dicarbaldehyde in a manner similar to Step 10 of production Example 2.
  • Step 9 Di-tert-butyl ( (Z) - ⁇ [3- (4- ⁇ 2- [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3- thiazol-4-yl] ethyl ⁇ phenyl)propyl]amino ⁇ methylidene) biscarbamate was prepared from the compound of Step 8 of
  • Step 5 To a solution of 4- ⁇ 4- [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3-thiazol-4- yl]phenyl ⁇ butyl pivalate (1.5 g) in MeOH (10 ml) was added sodium methoxide in MeOH (28 %, 0.89 ml) under ice-cooling.
  • Step 6 N- ⁇ 4- [4- (4-Bromobutyl)phenyl]-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ acetamide was prepared from the compound of Step 5 of Production Example
  • Step 8 N- ⁇ 4- [4- (4-Aminobutyl)phenyl]-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ acetamide was prepared from the compound of Step 7 of Production Example
  • N-(4- ⁇ (E) -2- [3- (2- ⁇ [tert-Butyl (dimethyl) silyl]oxy ⁇ ethyl)- phenyl] vinyl ⁇ -l, 3-thiazol-2-yl) acetamide was prepared from the compound of Step 3 of Production Example 8 in a manner similar to Step 3 of Production Example 2.
  • N- (4- ⁇ 2-[3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenyl]ethyl ⁇ -l,3-thiazol-2- yl) acetamide was prepared from the compound of Step 5 of Production Example 8 in a manner similar to Step 11 of Production Example 2.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at 50 0 C for 3 hours. After cooled to r.t., AcOEt and IN-HCl were added to the reaction mixture. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated NaHCO 3 and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 , and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step 9 Di-tert-butyl ( (Z) - ⁇ [2- (3- ⁇ 2- [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3- thiazol-4-yl] ethyl ⁇ phenyl) ethyl] amino ⁇ methylidene) biscarbamate was prepared from the compound of Step 8 of
  • Step 1 A mixture of 3-chloro-2-oxopropyl acetate (5 g) and thiourea (2.5 g) in ethanol (25 ml) was refluxed for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the resulting crystalline precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with ethanol (20 ml) to give (2-amino-l, 3-thiazol- 4-yl)methyl acetate hydrochloride (3.5 g) as white crystals.
  • Step 6 To the solution of [4- (carboxymethyl)benzyl] (triphenyl) phosphonium bromide (19.1 g) in DMF (180 ml) was added potassium tert-butoxide (11.9 g) under ice-cooling. This was stirred at 5 0 C for 30 min. To the solution was added N- (4- formyl-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (6.0 g) in DMF (18 ml) . This was stirred at 25 0 C for 3 hr. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The aquaous phase was acidified (pH 4-5) with IN HCl to give colourless precipitate.
  • N- (4- (Hydroxymethyl) -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2.8 g) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml) and chloroform (200 ml) . Then, manganese (IV) oxide (28.3 g) was added to the solution under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours, and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was washed with ethyl ether to give N- (4-formyl-l, 3- thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2.01 g) as an off-white solid. mp. 195.5-199 0 C
  • N- [4- (2- ⁇ 4- [ (2-Aminoethyl) amino]phenyl ⁇ ethyl) -1, 3- thiazol-2-yl]acetamide dihydrochloride (20.3 mg) , N,N'- bis (tert-butoxycarbonyl)-lH-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine (16.7 mg) , N,N-diisopropylethylamine (28.1 ⁇ l) , THF (0.5 ml) and DMF (0.1 ml) were combined under N 2 atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 14 hr. Volatiles were evapolated and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (0.5 ml) .
  • reaction mixture was stirred under 3 atm H 2 at r.t. for 3 hours, and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
  • IN-NaOH was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO 1J , and concentrated in vacuo.
  • N- [4- (2- ⁇ 2- (Acetylamino) -5- [4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl] - 1, 3-thiazol-4-yl ⁇ ethyl)phenyl] -2-aminoacetamide hydrochloride (30 mg) , N,N'-bis (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -IH-pyrazole-l- carboxamidine (17.8 mg) , N,N-diisopropylethylamine (20.0 ⁇ l) , THF (0.5 ml) and DMF (0.1 ml) were combined under N 2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 0 C for 14 hr, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with 4ml of dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over diatomaceous earth and evaporated under vaccum to give crude pale yellow oil.
  • the crude oil was purified by preparative silica gel thin-layer chromatography with chloroform / methanol (15:1) as an eluent to give di-tert- butyl ⁇ (Z) -[ (4- ⁇ 2- [2- (acetylamino) -5- ( ⁇ (3R) -3- [ (dimethylamino) carbonyl] -l-pyrrolidinyl ⁇ methyl) -1, 3- thiazol-4-yl] ethyl ⁇ phenyl) amino]methylidene ⁇ biscarbamate (45.4 mg) as a white solid.
  • Step 2 of Production Example 14 in a manner similar to Step 3 of Production Example 12.
  • Step 2 The title compound was prepared from the compound of Step 1
  • Step 4 To a solution of di-tert-butyl ( (E) - ⁇ [4- (2- ⁇ 2- (acetylamino) -5- [ (methylamino)methyl] -1, 3-thiazol-4- yl ⁇ ethyl)phenyl]amino ⁇ methylidene)biscarbamate (20 mg) in dichloromethane (0.5 ml) were added 4-nitrobenzoic acid (6.11 mg), HOBt (7.42 mg) and EDCI HCl (10.5 mg) , and then the mixture was stirred for 3 hr at 20 0 C. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 ml) and the solution was washed with water.
  • Step 2 Ethyl 2- (acetylamino) -4- [ (E) -2- (4- nitrophenyl) ethenyl]-1, 3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
  • Step 4 Ethyl 2- (acetylamino) -4- [2- (4-aminophenyl) ethyl] -1,3- thiazole-5-carboxylate (310 mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (6 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, di (tert-butyl) dicarbonate (223 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) was added to the solution at room temperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 10 min, and N- (4-formyl-l, 3-thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (200 mg) was added to the mixture at 0 0 C.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 0 C for 2 hr.
  • ethyl acetate 50 ml
  • the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give crude brown oil (750 mg) .
  • the filtrate was purified by preparative NH-silica gel thin-layer chromatography with chloroform / methanol (10:1) as an eluent to give a solid (16.4 mg) .
  • the solid was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 to give N- ⁇ 4-[2-(2- amino-lH-benzimidazol-7-yl) ethyl] -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ acetamide (15.4 mg) as an off-white solid.
  • Step 2 Di-tert-butyl ⁇ (Z) -[ (4- ⁇ 3- [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3-thiazol-4- yl]propyl ⁇ phenyl) amino]methylidene ⁇ biscarbamate was prepared from the compound of Step 1 of Production Example 22 in a manner similar to Step 4 of Production Example 16.
  • Step 5 tert-Butyl [2- (4- ⁇ 3- [2- (acetylamino) -1, 3-thiazol-4- yl]propyl ⁇ phenyl) ethyl]carbamate was prepared from the compound of Step 4 of Production Example 24 in a manner similar to Step 13 of Production Example 2.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 15 min, and 4- [2- (1, 3-dioxo-l, 3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) ethyl]benzaldehyde (19.28 g) was added to the mixture at 0 °C.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 0 C for 2 hr.
  • the reaction mixture was poured into water, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give a crude brown solid.
  • reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue was washed with IPE (200 ml) and purified by flash column chromatography .over silica gel with CHCl 3 / AcOEt (1:1) as an eluent. The fractions containing the object compound were combined, and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • the mixture was stirred at 20 0 C for 12 hr under H 2 atmosphere (4 atm) .
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and to the filtrate was added 10 % Pd/C (1.01 g) under N 2 atmosphere.
  • the mixture was stirred at 20 0 C for 12 hr under H 2 atmosphere (4 atm) .
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
  • VAP-I enzyme (SSAO) activity in human plasma was determined by a radiochemical-enzyme assay using 14 C- benzylamine as an artificial substrate.
  • the enzyme suspension prepared from blood plasma was pre-incubated with a control compound (Reference Example 1) in 96-well microplate at room temperature for 30 min.
  • the enzyme suspension was then incubated with 14 C-benzylamine (2xlO ⁇ 5 mol/1 final concentration) in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l at 37°C for 1 hour.
  • the enzyme reaction was terminated by adding 2 mol/1 (50 ⁇ l) citric acid.
  • the oxidized products were directly extracted into a 200 ⁇ l toluene scintillator, and its radioactivity was measured by a scintillation spectrometer. Inhibition activity was expressed as IC 50 ' ( ⁇ mol/1) value.
  • Test compounds i.e., the present compounds inhibited the enzyme activity of human plasma SSAO in comparison with the control compound as shown in Table 1.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof useful as a VAP-I inhibitor, a pharmaceutical composition, a method for preventing or treating a VAP-I associated disease, especially macular edema such, as diabetic macular edema and non-diabetic macular edema, which method comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a VAP-I inhibitor in an amount sufficient to treat the patient suffering from the VAP-I associated disease, and the like.

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US8507690B2 (en) 2008-01-31 2013-08-13 R-Tech Ueno, Ltd. Thiazole derivative and use thereof as VAP-1 inhibitor
US8735595B2 (en) * 2006-02-15 2014-05-27 Abbvie Inc. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors and their use in diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome
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