WO2006010342A1 - Construction solide pourvue de rainures sur les deux surfaces opposees formant une epaisseur et utilisations associees - Google Patents

Construction solide pourvue de rainures sur les deux surfaces opposees formant une epaisseur et utilisations associees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006010342A1
WO2006010342A1 PCT/CN2005/001155 CN2005001155W WO2006010342A1 WO 2006010342 A1 WO2006010342 A1 WO 2006010342A1 CN 2005001155 W CN2005001155 W CN 2005001155W WO 2006010342 A1 WO2006010342 A1 WO 2006010342A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid
thickness
board
grooves
wood
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2005/001155
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dengzhi Zang
Original Assignee
Dengzhi Zang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dengzhi Zang filed Critical Dengzhi Zang
Publication of WO2006010342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006010342A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00—Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20—Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B96/202—Furniture panels or like furniture elements with a continuous layer allowing folding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00—Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20—Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B96/205—Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together
    • A47B96/206—Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together with laminates comprising planar, continuous or separate layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/06—Arrangement, construction or bridging of expansion joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/122—Laminated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/28—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02161—Floor elements with grooved main surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2220/00—General furniture construction, e.g. fittings
    • A47B2220/008—General furniture construction, e.g. fittings characterised by materials
    • A47B2220/0088—Furniture made of bamboo or rattan
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/042—Other details of tongues or grooves with grooves positioned on the rear-side of the panel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2203/00—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2203/04—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for comprising a plurality of internal elongated cavities arranged in substantially parallel rows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2203/00—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2203/08—Specially structured or shaped covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for with a plurality of grooves or slits in the back side, to increase the flexibility or bendability of the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
    • E04F2290/023—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid structure having grooves on opposite surfaces constituting a thickness, and to the use of the solid structure.
  • Solids expand and contract with changes in temperature and humidity.
  • solids with large sizes and large elastic modulus when the volume expansion and contraction caused by temperature and humidity changes are restricted by constraints, solids A considerable amount of stress is generated inside, and when the stress exceeds a certain limit, the solid itself may be destroyed, or the constraint restricting its expansion and contraction may be destroyed.
  • Thermal expansion and contraction of roads, bridges, buildings, rails, pipes, and other longer components are common technical challenges in engineering.
  • the expansion or contraction of solids or thermal expansion and contraction can lead to excessive internal stress, deformation, and even cracking of wood products or composite products, such as deformation or cracking of wooden doors or furniture, flooring. Warpage or cracks, wet heat deformation of laminates, etc.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solid structure having grooves on two opposite surfaces constituting a thickness, which is easily compressed, stretched or bent.
  • the expansion and contraction of the solid does not cause its own damage, nor does it cause the constraint that restricts its expansion and contraction to be destroyed, and can solve the problem caused by the solid expansion and contraction or the thermal expansion and contraction.
  • the invention also provides for the use of the solid structure.
  • the present invention has a grooved solid structure on two opposite surfaces constituting the thickness, and belongs to two grooves on the opposite surfaces.
  • the sum of the depths is the thickness of the solid described by the large hand.
  • the slots may be adjacent.
  • the depth of the grooves can be equal.
  • the solid may be tubular, and the thickness of the solid may be the wall thickness or the outer diameter of the tube. When the thickness of the solid is the wall thickness, the longitudinal direction of the groove may be perpendicular or parallel to the length of the tube, and the groove may also be helically distributed on the wall of the tube.
  • the solid may be wood or wood based panels.
  • the solid structure of the present invention has grooves on two opposite surfaces constituting the thickness of the solid, and the sum of the depths of the two grooves belonging to the opposite surfaces is greater than the thickness of the solid, from the solid perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the groove Viewed in cross section, the solid structure of the present invention is an elastic structure similar to a wave spring.
  • the difference between the sum of the depths of the two adjacent grooves on the two opposite surfaces and the thickness of the solid is larger, or the closer the distance between the two grooves is, the solid structure is more susceptible to elastic deformation, that is, the easier it is to be compressed and pulled. Stretching or bending; and, as the width of the groove is larger, the range in which the solid structure is elastically deformed when compressed is larger.
  • the change of temperature and humidity causes the solids between adjacent grooves to expand and contract, and the deformation and internal stress generated by expansion and contraction cannot be directly transmitted from one side of the groove to the other side of the groove, and the groove is effective in the depth range thereof.
  • Ground blocking when the sum of the depths of the two grooves belonging to the two opposite surfaces is greater than the thickness of the solid, this blocking effect can be achieved over the entire thickness of the solid.
  • the cross-sectional area of the groove is small compared to the cross-sectional area of the solid, so that the mechanical properties of the solid are not significantly reduced in the length direction of the solid parallel to the longitudinal direction of the groove.
  • the solid structure proposed by the invention is suitable for an environment with relatively large temperature and humidity changes, and can be used as a telescopic device for roads, bridges, buildings, rails, pipes or other longer components.
  • This solid structure can also be used as a press plate.
  • the material of the solid structure is wood or wood-based board, in addition to being directly used as a board, it can also be used as a composite floor, a geothermal floor, a composite wood-based board, a bamboo-wood composite board, a blockboard, a thick core plywood, a concrete formwork, Core panels for container or compartment floor, wooden doors, furniture components, curved plywood, curved composite panels or plywood pipes, especially for coreboards with wood-cut veneers or wood-cut veneers.
  • the material of the solid structure is wood, it can be used to make a laminated material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solid structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment in which the solid is tubular and the thickness of the solid is the thickness of the wall;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment in which the solid is tubular and the thickness of the solid is the wall thickness;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the solid outer diameter of the tube, the thickness of the solid being the outer diameter of the tube;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the present invention used as a rail expansion device
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the present invention used as a press plate
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a core board of the present invention used as a composite board, a blockboard, a thick core plywood, a laminate floor, a wooden door or a furniture part;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a bottom plate of the present invention used as a composite floor
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a core plate of the present invention used as a curved plywood or a curved composite plate
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a core plate used as a plywood pipe of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing an improved embodiment of the core sheet of the present invention for use as a wooden door or furniture component;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention for making a laminated material;
  • Figure 13 is another embodiment of the present invention for making a laminated material A schematic of an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the solid structure of the present invention.
  • the depth of slot 2 and slot 3 can be equal.
  • the grooves 2 and 3 may be adjacent or non-adjacent.
  • the number of grooves on one surface constituting the thickness of the solid 1 may be twice or equal to the number of grooves on the other opposite surface.
  • the cross-section of the grooves 2 and 3 may be rectangular, trapezoidal, wedge-shaped, U-shaped or other desired shape.
  • the solid 1 can be a sheet, tube, profile or other desired shape.
  • the material of the solid 1 may be metal, wood, concrete or other solid material.
  • the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 is preferably parallel to the direction of the maximum strength of the solid 1, or the longitudinal expansion of the grooves 2 and 3 and the maximum thermal expansion or contraction of the solid 1
  • the direction of the dry shrinkage is perpendicular, so that the strength of the solid 1 in the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 is weakened, and the solid 1 is made perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3.
  • the above-mentioned swelling and shrinkage or thermal expansion and contraction are easily controlled, and thus, the solid 1 is particularly suitable for use as a wood-based core board or for making a laminate composite.
  • the longitudinal strength of the wood is large, the transverse strength is small compared with the longitudinal strength, and the swelling and shrinkage mainly occurs in the lateral direction, and the swelling and contraction in the longitudinal direction is negligibly small.
  • the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 should be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the wood.
  • the longitudinal direction of the groove 2 and the groove 3 should be perpendicular to the direction in which the artificial panel is swollen and contracted, for example, In the case of extruded particleboard, the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 should be perpendicular to the direction of extrusion of the particleboard during production.
  • the present invention can fully utilize the longitudinal high-strength property of the wood, and can substantially overcome the disadvantage that the lateral direction of the wood is easily deformed with changes in dry humidity. .
  • the solid 1 is tubular, the thickness of the solid 1 is the thickness of the tube wall, the longitudinal direction of the groove 2 and the groove 3 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube, and the groove 2 and the groove 3 are annular, and the expansion and contraction is along the tube. Longitudinal direction. Solid 1 can be used as a telescopic device.
  • the solid 1 is tubular, the thickness of the solid 1 is the thickness of the tube wall, and the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube, and the expansion and contraction is along the radius or the circumferential direction of the tube.
  • Solid 1 can be used as a telescopic device.
  • the solid 1 in Figure 3 can also be used as a press plate.
  • the pressure plate is characterized in that its circumference can vary with the force condition within a certain range.
  • the press plate is suitable for the production of plywood tubes or other tubular articles.
  • the solid 1 is tubular, the thickness of the solid 1 is the outer diameter of the tube, and the longitudinal direction of the groove 2 and the groove 3 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube, and the expansion and contraction is along the longitudinal direction of the tube.
  • the solid 1 is used as a rail expansion device.
  • the thickness of the solid 1 is the height of the rail expansion device.
  • the sum of the depths of the grooves 2 and 3 is greater than the height of the rail expansion device.
  • solid 1 is used as a press plate
  • 4 is a platen support, which is a flexible press plate whose shape can vary depending on the shape of the support, or can be determined by the position of a hydraulic cylinder or other pressurizing device.
  • the platen can be used to produce curved wood panels.
  • solid 1 is wood or wood based panels used as core panels for composite panels, blockboards, thick core plywood, laminate flooring, wooden doors or furniture components.
  • the thickness of the solid 1 is the thickness of the core plate, and the grooves 2 and 3 are formed on the opposite surfaces constituting the thickness of the solid 1.
  • the surface of the solid 1 is glued to one, two or more layers of sheet material 5.
  • the sheet material 5 may be glued to one surface or both surfaces of the solid 1 to be glued to both surfaces thereof and to form a symmetrical structure in the thickness direction.
  • the sheet material 5 may be a wood-cut veneer or a wood-cut veneer, a bamboo veneer, a fiberboard, a thermosetting resin decorative laminate or the like.
  • the maximum strength direction of the sheet material 5 adjacent to the solid 1 should intersect the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 of the solid 1, preferably perpendicularly.
  • the composite board or blockboard of the invention can adapt to the use environment with a wide range of moisture content, and can be used as a geothermal floor, a concrete formwork, a container or a car floor, etc., and can also be used as a humid environment such as a kitchen, a room, a bathroom, and the like.
  • the furniture materials and decoration materials are especially suitable for use as a countertop with a large thickness, such as table tops, kitchen furniture countertops, table tennis countertops, basketball boards, treadmill boards and other sports equipment countertops.
  • the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 is preferably parallel to the longitudinal direction of the composite floor. This not only ensures that the length and width of the composite floor are not substantially changed with the humidity of the environment, and the floor has a high longitudinal bending strength.
  • the solid 1 is a wood or wood-based panel used as a bottom plate of a double-layer composite laminate floor.
  • the solid 1 is glued to one, two or more layers of sheet material 5.
  • the sheet material 5 may be wood, bamboo, thermosetting resin decorative laminate or other sheet material.
  • the solid 1 is wood or wood-based panels, used as curved plywood, curved A core board such as a face composite board or a plywood tube.
  • the thickness of the solid 1 is the thickness of the core sheet, and the grooves 2 and 3 are formed on the opposite surfaces constituting the thickness of the solid 1, and one or more sheets of the sheet material 5 are bonded to the opposite surfaces of the solid 1.
  • the sheet material 5 may be wood, bamboo, thermosetting resin decorative laminate or other sheet material. If the sheet material 5 is an anisotropic material, the maximum strength direction of the sheet material 5 adjacent to the solid 1 should intersect the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3, preferably perpendicularly. In Fig. 10, the longitudinal direction of the grooves 2 and 3 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plywood tube.
  • the solid 1 is a wood or a wood-based panel, and as a modification of the core panel (Fig. 7) used as a wooden door or a furniture component of the present invention, the side of the solid 1 is sealed with a strip 6 and then with a sheet. Material 5 is glued.
  • the strip 6 may be wood, bamboo, wood or bamboo impregnated or glued with a thermosetting resin, or a thermosetting resin decorative laminate.
  • the solid 1 is wood and is used as a laminate of the laminated timber.
  • the glulam is formed by gluing two or more solids 1 and the grooves on the adjacent two plys are longitudinally intersecting, preferably perpendicularly intersecting.
  • the solid 1 is wood and used as a laminate of the laminated timber.
  • the glulam is made of a solid 1 and a sheet material 7 which are laminated, and the solid 1 and the sheet material 7 are spaced apart in the thickness direction of the ply, and the longitudinal direction of the grooves of the solid 1 are parallel.
  • Sheet material laminate 7 If it is a wood veneer, the longitudinal direction of the wood veneer intersects the longitudinal direction of the grooves in the solid 1, preferably perpendicularly intersecting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)

Description

一种在构成厚度的两相对表面上有槽的固体结构及其用 it 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在构成厚度的两相对表面上有槽的固体结构，本 发明还涉及该固体结构的用途。
技术背景
固体随温湿度的变化而发生胀缩，对于尺寸较大且弹性模量也较 大的固体来说，当这种由温湿度变化而引起的体积上的胀缩受到制约 条件的限制时， 固体内会产生相当大的应力，这种应力超过一定极限 时可导致固体自身的破坏， 或者导致限制其胀缩的制约条件被破坏。 道路、 桥梁、 建筑物、 钢轨、 管道以及其它较长构件的热胀冷缩是工 程中常见的技术难题。 在木材加工或复合材料领域中， 固体的湿胀干 缩或热胀冷缩会导致木制品或复合材料制品的内应力过大、 变形、 甚 至开裂， 例如木门或家具的变形或开裂、 地板的翘曲或裂缝、 层合板 的湿热变形等。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种在构成厚度的两相对表 面上有槽的固体结构， 该固体结构易于被压缩、 拉伸或弯曲。 当温湿 变发生变化时，该固体的胀缩不会导致自身的破坏， 也不会导致限制 其胀缩的制约条件被破坏，能够解决固体因湿胀干缩或热胀冷缩所引 起的技术问题。 本发明还提供该固体结构的用途。
为解决固体因湿胀干缩或热胀冷缩所引起的技术问题，本发明釆 闬在构成厚度的两相对表面上有槽的固体结构， 并且分属于该两相 对表面上的两个槽的深度之和大手所述固体的厚度。
所述槽可以是相邻的。 所述槽的深度可以是相等的。所述固体可以为管状， 固体的厚度 可以是管壁厚度或者是管的外径。 当固体的厚度为管 壁厚度时， 所 述槽的纵向与管的长度方向可以是垂直的或者是平行的，所述槽也可 以在管壁上呈螺旋状分布。 所述固体可以为木材或人造板。
本发明的固体结构在构成固体厚度的两相对表面上有槽，且分属 于两相对表面上的两个槽的深度之和大于所述固体的厚度，从与所述 槽的纵向相垂直的固体的横截面上看，本发明的固体结构是一个类似 波形弹簧的弹性结构。当分属于两相对表面上的两相邻槽的深度之和 与固体厚度之差越大时， 或该两槽的距离越近时， 该固体结构越易于 发生弹性变形， 即越易于被压缩、 拉伸或弯曲； 并且， 当槽的宽度越 大时， 该固体结构被压缩时可发生弹性变形的 范围也越大。 温湿度 的变化使相邻槽之间的固体发生胀缩，胀缩产生的变形和内应力不能 直接从槽的一侧传递到槽的另一侧，被所述的槽在其深度范围内有效 地阻断，当分属于两相对表面上的两个槽的深度之和大于所述固体的 厚度时， 这种阻断作用能够在固体的整个厚度上得以实现。槽的横截 面积与固体的横截面积相比较小， 因此， 在与槽的纵向相平行的固体 的长度方向上， 固体的力学性能没有显著减弱。
本发明提出的固体结构适用于温湿度变化比较大的环境，可用作 道路、 桥梁、 建筑物、 钢轨、 管道或其它较长构件的伸缩装置。 该固 体结构也可用作压板。若该固体结构的材料为木材或人造板， 除可作 为板材直接使用外， 还可用作复合地板、 地热地板、 复合人造板、 竹 木复合板、细木工板、厚芯胶合板、混凝土模板、集装箱或车厢底板、 木门、 家具部件、 曲面胶合板、 曲面复合板或胶合板管子等的芯板， 特别是用作有木质旋切单板或木质刨切单板的细木工板的芯板。若该 固体结构的材料为木材， 可用于制作集成材。
附图说明 图 1是本发明的固体结构的示意图；
图 2是固体为管状， 固体的厚度为管壁厚度的一种实施例的示意 图；
图 3是固体为管状， 固体的厚度为管壁厚度的另一种实施例的示 意图；
图 4是固体为管状， 固体的厚度为管的外径的示意图；
图 5是本发明用作钢轨伸缩装置的示意图；
图 6是本发明用作压板的示意图；
图 7是本发明用作复合板、 细木工板、 厚芯胶合板、 复合地板、 木门或家具部件等的芯板的示意图；
图 8是本发明用作复合地板的底板的示意图；
图 9是本发明用作曲面胶合板或曲面复合板的芯板的示意图； 图 10是本发明用作胶合板管子的芯板的示意图；
图 11是本发明用作木门或家具部件的芯板的改进方案示意图； 图 12是本发明用于制作集成材的一种实施例的示意图； 图 13是本发明用于制作集成材的另一种实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
- 图 1为本发明的固体结构的示意图。在分属于构成固体 1厚度的 两相对表面上有槽 2和槽 3 , 槽 2和槽 3的深度之和大于固体 1的厚 度， 槽 2和槽 3的深度可以都大于固体 1厚度的 1/2， 槽 2和槽 3的 深度可以是相等的。 槽 2和槽 3可以是相邻的， 也可以是不相邻的。 构成固体 1 厚度的一个表面上的槽的个数可以是另一相对表面上的 槽的个数的两倍， 也可以是相等。 槽 2和槽 3的截面可以是矩形、 梯 形、 楔形、 U形或其它所希望的形状。 固体 1可以是板材、 管材、 型 材或其它所希望的形状。
固体 1的材料可以是金属、 木材、 混凝土或其它固体材料。 当固 体 1的材料为各向异性材料时，槽 2和槽 3的纵向最好与固体 1的最 大强度方向相平行， 或者槽 2和槽 3的纵向与固体 1的 最大热胀冷 缩或湿胀干缩方向相垂直，这样既可使固体 1在与槽 2和槽 3的纵向 相平行的方向上的强度减弱很小，又可使固体 1在与槽 2和槽 3的纵 向相垂直的方向上的湿胀干缩或热胀冷缩易于被控制， 因而， 固体 1 特别适合用作人造板芯板或用于制作层合板复合材料。 当固体 1 的 材料为木材时，木材的纵向强度很大，横向强度与纵向强度相比较小， 并且湿胀干缩主 要发生在横向上， 湿胀干缩在纵向上小得几乎可以 忽略不计， 这样， 槽 2和槽 3的纵向应与木 材的纵向相平行。 当固 体 1 为人造板时， 如果人造板的湿胀干缩在人造板的平面上有方向 性 ，那么槽 2和槽 3的纵向应与人造板湿胀干缩最大的方向相垂直， 例如对于挤压刨花板来说，槽 2和槽 3的纵向应与刨花板在生产过程 中的挤压方向相垂直。 当固体 1为.木材且用作人造板 的芯板或层合 板的层板时， 本发明既能充分利用木材的纵向高强度特性， 又能基本 上克服木材横向随干湿度变化易于变形的缺点。
图 2中， 固体 1为管状， 固体 1的厚度为管壁厚度， 槽 2和槽 3 的纵向与管的长度方向相垂直，槽 2和槽 3是环状的， 其伸缩是沿着 管的长度方向。 固体 1可用作伸缩装置。
图 3中， 固体 1为管状， 固体 1的厚度为管壁厚度， 槽 2和槽 3 的纵向与管的长度方向相垂直， 其伸缩是沿着管的半径或周长方向。 固体 1可用作伸缩装置。
图 3中的固体 1也可以用作压板。该压板的特点是其周长在一定 范围内可随受力情况的变化而变化。 因而， 该压板适用于生产胶合板 管子或其它管状制品。
图 4中， 固体 1为管状， 固体 1的厚度为管的外径， 槽 2和槽 3 的纵向与管的长度方向相垂直， 其伸缩是沿着管的长度方向。 图 5中， 固体 1用作钢轨伸缩装置。 固体 1的厚度为钢轨伸缩 装置的高度。 槽 2和槽 3的深度之和大于钢轨伸缩装置的高度。
图 6中， 固体 1用作压板， 4是压板支架，该压板是一柔性压板， 其形状可随支架形状的变化而变化，也可由液压缸或其它加压装置的 位置来决定。 该压板可用于生产曲面人造板。
图 7中， 固体 1为木材或人造板， 用作复合板、 细木工板、 厚芯 胶合板、 复合地板、 木门 或家具部件等的芯板。 固体 1的厚度为芯 板的厚度， 在构成固体 1厚度的两相对表面上有槽 2 和槽 3。 固体 1 的表面与一层、 两层或多层的片状材料 5相胶合。 片状材料 5可以与 固体 1的一 个表面或两个表面相胶合， 以与其两个表面相胶合且在 厚度方向上形成对称结构为好。片状材料 5可以是木质旋切单板或木 质刨切单板、 竹单板、 纤维板、 热固性树脂装饰层压板或其 它片状 材料。 如果片状材料 5是各向异性材料，邻近固体 1的片状材料 5的 最大强度方向应与固体 1的槽 2和槽 3的纵向相交,最好是垂直相交。 采用本发明的复合板或细木工板能够适应含水率变化范围较大的使 用环境， 可用作地热地板、 混凝土模板、 集装箱或车厢底板等， 也可 用作厨房、 洛室、 卫生间等潮湿环境中的家具材料及装修材料， 特别 适于用作厚度较大的台面板，如桌面、厨房家具的台面、乒乓球台面、 篮球板、 跑步机板等体育运动器材的台面等。 当本发明用作复合地板 的芯板或底板时,槽 2和槽 3的纵向最好与复合地板的长度方向平行。 这样不仅能保证复合地板的长、宽尺寸基本不随环境的湿度变化而变 化， 且使地板有较高的纵向抗弯强度。
图 8中，固体 1为木材或人造板,用作双层结构复合地板的底板。 固体 1与一层、 两层或多层的片状材料 5相胶合。 片状材料 5可以是 木材、 竹材、 热固性树脂装饰层压板或其它片状材料。
图 9、 图 10中， 固体 1为木材或人造板， 用作曲面胶合板、 曲 面复合板或胶合板管子等的芯板。 固体 1的厚度为芯板的厚度， 在构 成固体 1厚度的两相对表面上有槽 2和槽 3， 并且有一层或一层以上 的片状材料 5与固体 1的两相对表面相胶合。片状材料 5可以是木材、 竹材、 热固性树脂装饰层压板或其它片状材料。 片状材料 5若是各向 异性材料，邻近固体 1的片状材料 5的最大强度方向应与槽 2和槽 3 的纵向相交， 最好是垂直相交。 图 10中， 槽 2和槽 3的纵向与胶合 板管子的长度方向相平行。
图 11中， 固体 1为木材或人造板， 作为对本发明用作木门或家 具部件的芯板（如图 7 ) 的改进方案， 固体 1的侧面用条状物 6封边 后, 再与片状材料 5相胶合。 条状物 6可以是木材、 竹材、 经热固性 树脂浸渍或胶压的木材或竹材， 也可是热固性树脂装饰层压板。
图 12中， 固体 1为木材， 用作集成材的层板。 集成材由两层或两 层以上的固体 1胶合而成，相邻两层层板上的槽纵向相交， 最好是垂 直相交。
图 13中， 固体 1为木材， 用作集成材的层板。 集成材是由固体 1及片状材料层板 7胶合而成， 固体 1与片状材料层板 7在层板的厚 度方向上间隔放置， 且固体 1的槽的纵向相平行。 片状材料层板 7若 是木质单板， 木质单板的纵向与固体 1上的槽的纵向相交， 最好是垂 直相交。

Claims

1、 一种在构成厚度的两相对表面上有槽的固体结构， 其特征是， 分属于所述两相对表面上的两个槽的深度之和大于所述固体的厚度
2、 一种如杈利要求 1 所述的固体结构， 其特征是， 所述固体为 管状， 所述固体的厚度为管壁厚度。
3、 一种如权利要求 2所述的固体结构， 其特征是， 所述槽的纵 向与管的长度方向相平行。
4、 一种如权利要求 1 所述的固体结构， 其特征是， 所述固体为 管状， 所述固体的厚度为管的外径。
5、 一种如权利要求 1 所述的固体结构， 其特征是， 所述固体为 木材或人造板。
6、 一种如权利要求 1或 2所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所 述固体结构用作伸缩装置。
7、 一种如权利要求 1或 3所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所 述固体结构用作压板
8、 一种如杈利要求 5 所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所述固 体结构用作复合板、 细木工板、 厚芯胶合板、 木门、 家具部件、 曲面 胶合板、 曲面复合板或胶合板管子的芯板。
9、 一种如权利要求 5所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所述固 体结构用作细木工板的芯板，该细木工板有至少一层木质旋切单板或 '木质刨切单板。
10、 一种如杈利要求 5 所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所述 固体结构用作复合地板的芯板或底板。
11、 一种如权利要求 5 所述固体结构的用途， 其特征是， 所述 固体结构用于制作集成材。
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