WO2006001127A1 - 硬化コンクリートの気泡計測方法および気泡計測装置 - Google Patents
硬化コンクリートの気泡計測方法および気泡計測装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006001127A1 WO2006001127A1 PCT/JP2005/008535 JP2005008535W WO2006001127A1 WO 2006001127 A1 WO2006001127 A1 WO 2006001127A1 JP 2005008535 W JP2005008535 W JP 2005008535W WO 2006001127 A1 WO2006001127 A1 WO 2006001127A1
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- image
- bubble
- illumination
- hardened concrete
- measurement
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1765—Method using an image detector and processing of image signal
- G01N2021/177—Detector of the video camera type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring a bubble-containing state such as a bubble content, size, and distribution contained in hardened concrete or other similar bubble-containing object that is intentionally included in advance. It relates to the measuring device. More specifically, the cutting surface of the test piece cut for the above measurement is imaged with a digital camera, and the image of the opening end of the hole enveloping bubbles appearing on the cutting surface is also captured. The present invention relates to an extraction method and apparatus.
- An imaging device is provided facing the surface of the sample having a bubble hole on the surface, and the surface of the sample is viewed from three directions. Irradiate light one direction at a time, capture images for each irradiation direction, find the brightness up, rp, and lp at the same position of each image, set the three-dimensional coordinates consisting of X, ⁇ , and ⁇ axes representing the brightness.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-77648
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Fair 07—006921
- the first main means is to set a measurement target surface using a part of hardened concrete containing bubbles (specifically, create a measurement target surface by cutting and polishing, etc.)
- a method of measuring bubbles contained in hardened concrete by measuring the shape of the open end of a hole that encloses bubbles that open on the target surface, and the inner surface of the hole that appears on the measurement target surface and encloses a substantially spherical bubble
- the bubbles in the hardened concrete are measured by extracting the feature quantity of the image of the open end of the hole that encloses the bubbles appearing in the measurement area. With this measurement method, it is possible to measure the bubbles (the shape is almost spherical) artificially contained in hardened concrete.
- the first illumination means and the second illumination means are preferably diffused light illumination means.
- the density difference image is binarized to extract an image of a hole that wraps bubbles and the feature amount extraction process is performed.
- the second main means is to set the measurement target surface using a part of the hardened concrete containing bubbles, and to measure the shape of the opening end of the hole that encloses the bubbles that open on the measurement target surface. Therefore, it is a method of measuring bubbles contained in hardened concrete, and the measurement area of the measurement target surface is to illuminate so that the inner surface of the hole surrounding the substantially spherical bubble appearing on the measurement target surface is not shaded.
- the first captured image of the measurement target surface imaged by the digital camera by the illumination of the first illumination means arranged opposite to the surface of the object and the inner surface of the hole surrounding the substantially spherical bubble are hidden except near the open end.
- the inner surface of the substantially spherical bubble hole and the concentration level of the planar part in the measurement area are both high, the cross-sectional shape is irregular, the entrance is narrow, and the depth is greater than the width of the part.
- the density level of the image of the air bubble is low, and the second captured image of the measurement area captured by illumination with the illumination power is such that these high and low density levels can be easily distinguished.
- the feature amount extraction processing is performed on the image of the opening of the hole surrounding the bubble appearing in the measurement region, using the second bubble image that has been processed to extract the bubble image of the shape. Due to this measurement method, the bubble of a naturally-generated bubble (entrapped air) caused by the manufacturing process has an irregular cross-section whose depth from the measurement target surface is larger than the width of the narrow part of the cross-section of the hole entrance. It is possible to simultaneously extract both pores and pores of air bubbles (entrein air, shape nearly spherical;) artificially contained in hardened concrete with chemicals.
- the binary image processing is performed on each of the first bubble image and the second bubble image, and the first binary image and the first 2
- the binary image is made into a single synthetic bubble image by combining the first binary image and the second binary image, and the measurement object appears in the measurement area with respect to the synthetic bubble image. It is possible to perform feature amount extraction processing of the open end of the hole enclosing the bubble.
- a black-and-white inverted image of the first binarized image and the second binarized image is used.
- the illumination means for imaging the third captured image is irradiated with diffused light from a plurality of angles (elevation angles when the measurement area force illumination means is viewed) with respect to the measurement area.
- Yes Can be an illumination means.
- the illumination means for capturing the third captured image is a combination of diffused light illumination means consisting of only the first illumination means and the second illumination means, or the first illumination means and the second illumination means. It can be produced by a combination of illumination means and other diffused light illumination means.
- the illuminating means for capturing the third captured image is a third illuminating means specially provided for capturing the third captured image, or the first illuminating means. It does not matter.
- the third illumination means is preferably a diffused light illumination means.
- the third main means is to set the measurement target surface using a part of the hardened concrete containing bubbles and measure the shape of the opening end of the hole that encloses the bubbles that open on the measurement target surface. Therefore, it is a device that measures air bubbles contained in hardened concrete, and is a digital camera that captures the measurement area of the measurement target surface, an image processing device that performs image processing on images captured by the digital camera, and a measurement A first illuminating means arranged to face the measurement region so as to illuminate so that the inner surface of the hole enclosing the substantially spherical bubble appearing in the region is not shaded, and the inner surface of the hole enclosing the approximately spherical bubble In order to illuminate in the shade except for the vicinity of the opening end, the second illuminating means arranged opposite to the measurement area is provided as the illuminating means.
- the first illuminating means illuminates the digital camera.
- Imaged with Using the density difference image created by the density difference processing between the first captured image of the measured area and the second captured image of the measurement area captured by the digital camera by the illumination of the second illumination means,
- the bubbles contained in the hardened concrete are measured by extracting the feature values of the image of the open end of the hole that encloses the bubbles appearing in the measurement area. With this measuring device, it is possible to measure bubbles (the shape is nearly spherical) artificially contained in hard concrete.
- the first illumination means and the second illumination means are preferably diffused light illumination means.
- the density difference image can be binarized to extract an image of a hole surrounding a bubble, and a feature amount extraction process can be performed.
- the fourth main means is to set the measurement target surface using a part of the hardened concrete containing bubbles, and to measure the shape of the opening end of the hole that encloses the bubbles that open on the measurement target surface.
- the device that measures air bubbles contained in hardened concrete, and is a digital camera that captures the measurement area of the measurement target surface, an image processing device that performs image processing on images captured by the digital camera, and a measurement
- a first illuminating means arranged to face the measurement region so as to illuminate so that the inner surface of the hole enclosing the substantially spherical bubble appearing in the region is not shaded, and the inner surface of the hole enclosing the approximately spherical bubble
- At least second illumination means arranged opposite to the measurement area to illuminate in the shade except for the vicinity of the opening end is provided as illumination means.
- digital illumination is provided by illumination of the first illumination means.
- Mosquito This is a density difference image created by density difference processing between the first captured image of the measurement area captured by the camera and the second captured image of the measurement area captured by the digital camera by the illumination of the second illumination means.
- the cross-sectional shape in which the concentration levels of both the inner surface of the substantially spherical bubble hole and the flat portion in the measurement area are both high is greater than the width of the narrow portion of the entrance.
- a third captured image of the measurement region captured by illumination with illumination means power that makes it possible to easily discriminate between these two high and low density areas, where the density level of the image of the second form of the bubble hole is low.
- the air contained in the hardened concrete Perform the measurement.
- This measuring device makes it possible to artificially create a bubble hole with a deformed cross-section that has a large depth of surface force to be measured with a bubble hole naturally generated due to a manufacturing process (entrapped air) and a drug. It is possible to simultaneously extract both pores (entrein air, shape of which is almost spherical) contained in the cured concrete.
- binarization processing is performed on each of the first bubble image and the second bubble image to form a first binary image and a second binary image, respectively.
- (1) By combining the binary image and the second binary image, a single synthetic bubble image is created, and the opening end of the hole surrounding the measurement target bubble that appears in the measurement area with respect to the synthetic bubble image is displayed.
- Bubble measurement can be performed by performing image feature extraction processing.
- a black-and-white inverted image of the first binarized image and the second binarized image is used.
- the illuminating means when taking the third captured image is diffused from a plurality of angles (elevation angles when viewing the measuring area force illuminating means) with respect to the measurement area. It can be constituted by illumination means for irradiating.
- the illuminating means for capturing the third captured image is a combination of the diffused illumination illuminating means consisting of only the first illuminating means and the second illuminating means, or the first illuminating means. And a diffused light illuminating means combination comprising the second illuminating means and other illuminating means.
- the illuminating means for capturing the third captured image is a third illuminating means specially provided for capturing the third captured image, or the first illuminating means. Any of the means will not work.
- the third illumination means is preferably a diffused light illumination means.
- the present invention has solved practical problems associated with conventional techniques relating to a method and an apparatus for measuring bubbles in hardened concrete.
- special processing had to be performed on the measurement object, the measurement to extract the bubble cross-section took a long time, and the recognition of the bubble holes, measurement method, and operation of the measurement device
- Practical problems such as the need for skill and the lack of reliability of the extracted results due to the power of human error due to the artificial measurement method have been resolved.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of components of an imaging system of a bubble measuring apparatus for hardened concrete in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the components in the part leading to camera force image processing. .
- FIG. 2 Other arrangements of imaging system components (addition of 3rd lighting means 43) of the bubble measurement device for hardened concrete according to the present invention and the components in the part leading to camera power image processing in a block diagram It is.
- FIG. 3 Still other arrangements of the components of the imaging system of the bubble measuring device for hardened concrete of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the components from the camera to the image processing (the third illumination means 43 has a different shape).
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing a binarized image obtained by binarizing the density difference image in the fifth step.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph showing a binarized image obtained by performing a binarization process on the image captured in the third step in the seventh step.
- the mixed image force in the eighth step is also a photograph showing an example of the image obtained by performing the feature amount extraction processing of each bubble hole portion (white) in the ninth step.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example (substantially spherical) of bubble holes appearing on the measurement target surface.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of components of the imaging system of the bubble measuring device for hardened concrete and the components of the part from the camera force to the image processing.
- the hardened concrete sample 10 that is cut so that the upper and lower surfaces are parallel and the measurement target surface 11 of at least two parallel surfaces is adjusted to a predetermined roughness by means such as polishing is the front and back ( ⁇ (Y, + ⁇ direction) Mounted on stage 20 moving left and right (- ⁇ , + ⁇ direction), directing force on digital camera 30 so that measurement surface 11 is perpendicular to optical axis 32 of digital camera 30 Are arranged. Also, small light sources such as LEDs are closely arranged on the ring surface that has a ring shape, a square cross section, and includes a side facing the inside of the rectangle (indicated by a thick line) to form a light emitting surface.
- the first illuminating means 41 and the second illuminating means 42 that irradiate diffused light in the direction from the light emitting surface to the measurement target surface 11 place the center of each ring on the optical axis 32 of the digital camera 30, and set the hardened concrete sample.
- Each ring is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to 10 measurement target surfaces 11.
- the digital camera 30 is focused so that the focus is on the measurement target surface 11.
- the camera 30 itself or by adjusting the position of the digital camera 30 or the height of the stage 20.
- a single imaging area (hereinafter also referred to as a measurement area) by the digital camera 30 is a small area centered on the intersection with the optical axis 32 of the digital camera on the measurement target surface 11, and the size of the area is the size of the digital camera.
- the measurement area size is about 4.7 mm ⁇ 4.4 mm.
- 12 to 14 show examples of bubble holes appearing on the measurement target surface.
- the bubble holes are 12, 13 and 14, respectively, and the measurement target surface 11 has open ends 12a, 13a and 14a-1 and 14-b corresponding to the intersection of the bubble hole and the measurement target surface 11 respectively.
- the broken line portion schematically shows the shape of the bubble hole in the depth direction (not visible in the shade).
- 12c two-dot chain line portion
- schematically shows a portion of the substantially spherical bubble hole 12 that has been cut away by the preparation of the sample 10.
- the long bubble hole 14 has two open ends 14a-ltol4a-2.
- the first illumination means 41 is composed of a line connecting the intersection between the measurement target surface 11 of the hardened concrete sample 10 and the optical axis 32 of the digital camera 30 and the center of the light emission surface of the first illumination means 41 and the measurement target surface 11.
- the angle ⁇ is set to 40 degrees.
- the angle ⁇ should be adjusted according to the size of the light emitting surface of the first illumination means 41, the angle of the light emitting surface, and the distance from the measurement area, and should be set to a range of approximately 30 degrees or more.
- the second illumination means 42 has an angle j8 formed by a line connecting the intersection of the measurement target surface 11 of the hardened concrete sample 10 and the optical axis 32 and the center of the light emission surface of the second illumination means 42 and the measurement target surface 11 1.
- Measurement object surface 1 1 The size and position are determined so that the inside of the substantially spherical bubble hole 12 existing in the measurement area on the measurement surface 1 1 is shaded. Note that the smaller j8 is, the smaller the bubble hole 12 is observed by increasing the concentration of the inclined part at the inlet of the bubble hole 12 (near the hole side of the open end 12a of the bubble hole 12 to the measurement target surface 11). The image of the bubble 12 hole is close to the real thing.
- the light emitting surface of the illumination means 42 must also have a small size power S.
- the angle j8 is set to 6 degrees.
- the angle j8 should be adjusted according to the ring size of the second illumination means 42, the angle of the light emitting surface, and the distance of the measurement area force, and is generally set in the range of 0 ° to 15 °. Will be done.
- the shape of the open end (12a, 13a or 14a) of the bubble hole (12, 13 or 14) existing on the surface 11 to be measured by the above-described hard concrete bubble measurement device (in general, the cross-sectional shape of the bubble in the industry)
- the characteristics of the bubbles contained in the hardened concrete sample 10 are measured and the basic steps are described.
- the measurement operator moves the stage 20 in the X and Y directions and aligns the center of the measurement target surface 11 (measurement region) of the hardened concrete sample 10 on the optical axis 32.
- the digital camera 30 is focused.
- the measurement region is imaged by the digital camera 30, and the result is sent to the image processing device 50, and the image processing device 50 uses the opening end of the bubble hole that exists in the portion included in the measurement region of the measurement target surface 11.
- Images are extracted.
- the extraction of the image of the open end of the bubble hole is performed by a series of methods described in the next paragraph, which is a feature of the present invention.
- the extracted bubble image is extracted with features and is generally handled and processed to conform to the method determined by the ASTM standard to measure various characteristics of bubbles in the measurement area of hardened concrete. Is done.
- the first illumination means is turned on, an image is taken, and the image is taken into the image processing device 50.
- the captured image is shown in Fig. 4 (photo).
- the attention part is not all, but it can be identified with a symbol.
- the symbol is W for the white aggregate part, B for the black aggregate part, SB for the shallow bubble hole part (substantially spherical bubble hole part), and DB for the deep bubble hole part.
- Shallow bubble hole part SB is almost an image of the open end of a substantially spherical bubble hole, so it looks almost circular.
- Table 1 shows the density level of the target area of the image.
- cement paste, white aggregate and shallow bubble hole part SB this is entrenched air (The density level (degree of white appearance) of the gas pores is relatively small and the depth of the pores is small. (This is the portion where the cross-sectional dimensions of entrapped air (naturally taken-in air bubbles) are large and the depth of the hole is deep), and the shading level is low (black). Since the illumination light spreads to the bottom of the bubble hole, the bubble hole part has a light and shade level almost equal to that of the cement paste.
- the second illumination means is turned on, an image is taken, and the image is taken into the image processing device 50.
- the captured image is shown in Fig. 5 (photo).
- Table 1 shows the density level of the target area of the image.
- the concentration level of the paste and white aggregate part is higher, and the density level of the aggregate part is lower.
- the illumination light does not reach the bottom surface of the bubble hole, and a shadow is formed in the hollow part of the bubble hole. Becomes lower.
- Both the first illumination means and the second illumination means are turned on, an image is taken, and the image is taken into the image processing device 50.
- the captured image is shown in Figure 6 (photo).
- Table 2 shows the density levels of the target area of the image.
- the cross-sectional shape of the hole is often different from the cross-sectional shape of the entrained air, which is often different from the width of the narrow part of the hole cross section (open end 13a or 14a) near the intersection of the hole and the plane part of the measurement area. Often have a great depth.
- This type of hole is either a depth-wise hole (in the case of Fig. 13) with a large angle in the longitudinal direction of the hole with respect to the plane part of the measurement area (Fig. 13) or a hole along the plane part with a small angle.
- the side surface of the existing hole is torn in the flat part (in the case of Fig. 14).
- Most of the bubble holes with shallow depth are bubbles that are artificially mixed with drugs (AE agent, etc.), and are part of the hole 12 of the approximately spherical bubble.
- the density of the image captured by the first illumination unit only (image captured in the first step) and the image captured by the second illumination unit only (captured image in step 2). Difference processing is performed to create a density difference image.
- the density difference image is shown in Fig. 7 (photo).
- Table 1 shows the results of density difference processing (only the attention area).
- the concentration level of the shallow bubble hole portion SB increases, and the concentration level of the other portions decreases. That is, as is clear from FIG. 7, only the shallow bubble hole portion SB having a round shape is in a state where it can be recognized at a high concentration.
- 0 is specified if the subtraction result power is less than ⁇ .
- Binarization processing is performed on the density difference image to create a binarized image. The results are shown in Fig. 8 (photo).
- Shallow bubble holes are “white” and the others are “black”.
- the white portion that looks like an “eighth-shape” indicates a state where adjacent substantially spherical bubble holes are partially connected.
- shallow and non-bubble hole parts SB are low in concentration by the differential concentration process, and the difference between the shallow bubble hole part SB and the concentration of the shallow bubble hole part SB is for discrimination by binary value ⁇ .
- each illuminance is relatively close to the plane part where there is no hole in the measurement area of each of the first illumination means and the second illumination means.
- the brightness, angle, or shape of the first and second illumination means must be adjusted so that the difference in the density of the captured images is shallow and sufficiently low compared to the density of the bubble hole part SB. It ’s a good thing!
- Table 3 shows a comparison of specific black and white areas for the density of the captured images of the illumination by the first illumination means and the illumination by the second illumination means.
- the number ffi is the value when the density is expressed in gray scale (2 5 6 gradations).
- Binarization processing is performed on the image captured in the third step to create a binarized image. At that time, since the deep bubble hole DB becomes black, inversion processing is performed. Binary key threshold is deep Since there is a large concentration level difference between the bubble hole DB and other parts (see Table 2), it can be easily determined. The results are shown in Fig. 9 (photo). Deep bubble hole DB is “white”, others are “black”.
- the feature amount extraction process of each bubble hole part (white) is performed from the mixed image in the seventh step.
- An example of this is shown in Fig. 11 (photo).
- the following data is calculated for the bubbles corresponding to each bubble hole.
- the image processor uses these data to determine the air present in the hardened concrete.
- Analytical data such as volume, bubble spacing coefficient, bubble specific surface area, bubble distribution, etc., together with the above data, if necessary, are output as the results of bubble measurement for hardened concrete.
- the third step, the sixth step, and the seventh step are unnecessary.
- the feature amount extraction process is executed on the binarized image obtained by performing the binarization process on the density difference image obtained in the fourth step.
- the third illumination means 43 which is a diffused light illumination means, is brought into the embodiment 1 as an illumination means, and is intended to serve as the illumination means in the third step.
- One way to use the third illumination means 41 is to make up for the shortage when the illuminance of the measurement area due to the illumination of both the first illumination means 41 and the second illumination means 42 is insufficient, as shown in FIG. It is.
- the third lighting means 43 can be used in place of both the first lighting means 41 and the second lighting means 42 in the third step.
- This is a method of performing illumination for measurement (imaging) in three steps.
- the advantage of this method is that depending on the type of hardened concrete, the combination of the first illumination means and the second illumination means may not be able to obtain the results of imaging in the third step. This is useful when special design needs to be performed for the shape, brightness, type of illumination light, etc. of the illumination means 43, and to extend the life of the illumination means.
- the illumination means for imaging in the third step it is also possible to sufficiently increase the luminance of only the first illumination means 41 and perform illumination with sufficiently uniform illuminance on the measurement region.
- the block diagram of the components of the imaging system of the foam measurement device for hardened concrete and the components from the camera to the image processing are the same as those shown in Fig. 1.
- the first illumination means 41 has a different shape and illumination capability (luminance selection width) compared to the case of FIG.
- the overall shape is a ring shape, and the cross section is square.
- the surface of the ring in the measurement area direction (the surface corresponding to the thick line) is the light emitting surface, but it is not necessary to stick to this shape.
- the measurement area on the measurement target surface 11 is illuminated with an acceptable level of uniform illuminance and the angle of illumination light that satisfies the principle of the present invention (the elevation angle when viewing the illumination means from the measurement area) As long as the size and angle of the light emitting surface and the brightness are achieved, it does not work.
- each lighting means may be constituted by a set of discrete small lighting means.
- the regular reflection light enters the digital camera 30 and the image is normally captured. As long as it does not become necessary, it does not need to be a diffused light illumination means. In particular, the necessity of diffused light is low in the second illumination means in which illumination light with a low angular force is irradiated to the measurement region.
- a method for preventing regular reflection light from entering the digital camera there is a method of arranging a polarization filter in front of the digital camera.
- the movement of the stage has been described in the embodiment as moving in the direction of orthogonal XY coordinates, but the stage where the measurement position can be a desired position on the measurement target surface 11 is not necessarily required. Any method may be used as long as it is a moving method. For example, a moving method using oblique coordinates, a method using rotation and radial movement, and the like can be adopted.
- the above-described method for measuring air bubbles and a device for measuring air bubbles of hardened concrete according to the present invention performs recognition and extraction of air bubbles by image processing of a computer, and the subjectivity of the measurement operator extends to the measurement operation. The measurement stability and reliability can be ensured.
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CN115984267B (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-25 | 青岛鼎信通讯科技有限公司 | 一种适用于超声水表的注塑气泡检测方法 |
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JPH02298837A (ja) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-12-11 | Nireco Corp | 気泡組織測定方法 |
JPH03158708A (ja) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 外観検査方法 |
JPH10206341A (ja) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-08-07 | Nireco Corp | 非金属介在物測定における異物検出装置 |
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2004
- 2004-06-24 JP JP2004186768A patent/JP3660936B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-05-10 KR KR1020067026526A patent/KR20070028421A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-10 WO PCT/JP2005/008535 patent/WO2006001127A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH02298837A (ja) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-12-11 | Nireco Corp | 気泡組織測定方法 |
JPH03158708A (ja) * | 1989-11-15 | 1991-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 外観検査方法 |
JPH10206341A (ja) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-08-07 | Nireco Corp | 非金属介在物測定における異物検出装置 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011102765A (ja) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-26 | Fast:Kk | 撮像方法、画像処理方法および撮像・画像処理装置 |
JP2011153924A (ja) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-11 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | コンクリート硬化体の圧縮強度推定方法 |
JP2017120248A (ja) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-06 | テスト リサーチ, インク. | 光学検出装置 |
US10600174B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2020-03-24 | Test Research, Inc. | Optical inspection apparatus |
WO2021123503A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Method and apparatus for determining the quality of fresh concrete or the like |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3660936B1 (ja) | 2005-06-15 |
JP2007132661A (ja) | 2007-05-31 |
KR20070028421A (ko) | 2007-03-12 |
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