WO2005124262A1

WO2005124262A1 - Hand firearm

Info

Publication number: WO2005124262A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/006248
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rudi Beckmann
Original assignee: Heckler & Koch Gmbh
Priority date: 2004-06-16
Filing date: 2005-06-10
Publication date: 2005-12-29
Also published as: DE102004029204A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a hand firearm comprising a barrel (7) which is fixed when in use, a breech support (3) and a breech head (15) which is fixed by a locking device (11, 17) when shooting, and when the weapon is opened, is opened with delay by the opening movement of the breech support (3). The hand firearm also comprises a gas cylinder (37) which is in contact with the inside of the barrel (7) and which comprises an open gas piston (35) which, when opening, acts upon the breech support (3) whereon said piston is rigidly mounted. The breech support (3) also comprises two opposite-lying recesses (21) into which pawls (17) engage, in the shooting state, which support the breech head (15).

Description

Handgun

The invention relates to a handgun with a barrel fixed in use, a breech carrier and a breech head. The breech head is fixed by a lock when it is fired and opened with a delay when the weapon is opened by the opening movement of the breech carrier. A gas cylinder connected to the interior of the barrel has a gas piston which acts in an opening manner on the closure carrier.

Such a weapon is, for example, the small submachine gun sold by the applicant for the cartridge 4.6 x 30 mm.

Positional designations used in these documents are always related to the weapon held horizontally in the normal firing position, the firing direction being "forward".

In the known weapon mentioned at the outset, the gas piston acts briefly on the breech holder with a short rod which is connected in one piece to it. This pushes it backwards, detaches it from the rod / gas piston component and pushes it on. The gas piston, which never leaves its gas cylinder, now returns to its original position through the action of a spring. The closure carrier unlocks the closure head via a cam surface and the closure opens. The powder gases that have penetrated the gas cylinder are pushed back into the barrel.

Gas pressure loaders are also known (assault rifle 44), in which on the one hand the gas piston acts to the rear and on the other hand the powder gases are expelled from the gas piston to the front. The reloading activity can be influenced by adjusting the corresponding nozzle and thus the rate of fire in the continuous fire can be adjusted. So-called recoil amplifiers, which are similar to gas cylinders, are also known, particularly with machine guns. The gas piston is formed by the barrel, which is pushed backwards by the escaping powder gases as well as by the recoil. Thus, the recoil amplifier should act on the locked unit of lock and barrel accelerating and strengthening. This enables a faster row fire and a reliable through-loading - even when operating an inhibiting de-belting mechanism (MG34, MG42). A recoil amplifier would be conceivable for ground locks, but in general it makes no sense, especially for small arms. The recoil is generally too strong in the case of normal ordnance ammunition (for rifles or pistols) in order to permit a closure with a normal weight and / or normal closing spring. If mass locks are used, special braking mechanisms are used to reduce and delay the recoil.

Recently, extremely fast, extremely small-caliber cartridges have been used for submachine guns (gas pressure loaders). These cartridges have a caliber that is only a little over 4.5 mm, but a considerable sleeve length and a bottle-shaped sleeve (over 6 calibers). The high pressure in these cartridges is particularly critical, which almost always reacts to premature opening with a bursting or greatly expanded cartridge case. With the small caliber of 4.5 mm, a barrel of 15 cm length corresponds to a 9 mm barrel of 30 cm length, so that even locked recoil loaders tend to open prematurely.

On the other hand, such cartridges have only a small recoil despite their speed; In view of the large sleeve length, considerable forces have to be applied to open the weapon. A locked recoil loader with recoil amplifier could now be installed here. Unfortunately, however, it increases the length of the weapon considerably. part that only applies to pistols by accepting a shorter one

It should be tolerated, which would be inadmissible for the cartridges mentioned.

For handguns that are set up for extremely powerful cartridges, gas pressure loaders are therefore used ("Desert Eagle" from IMI - EP 0 143 454). Compared to a locked recoil loader, this also has the advantage that the barrel can be installed rigidly and immovably, which increases the precision.

However, using a gas pressure charger for the described small cartridges is problematic: because of the high gas pressure, but its very short exposure time and the overall small amount of gas available, more gas must be withdrawn to fully charge it than with a larger one Caliber is required, especially with the gas-pressure pistol mentioned.

A systematic separation between a recoil amplifier and a gas piston driving a gas pressure charger is often not possible. In the known gas pressure charger described at the outset, charging would also be conceivable due to the effect of a very high recoil. This recoil accelerates the weapon backwards with the breech carrier so that the breech carrier could continue its backward movement when the gun is stopped by the shooter. One therefore generally refers to such weapons as gas pressure loaders that could not load through the effect of the recoil actually occurring. This group includes, for example, gas pressure loaders with ring nozzles that were used by Germany on a trial basis in World War II. The generality at that time did not want to agree to a derivation (of a part) of the powder gases driving the projectile as long as the projectile had not yet left the barrel and the powder gases were then no longer required for the further projectile drive. In addition, it is known to provide longitudinal grooves in the cartridge chamber through which a certain amount of gas is to flow around the cartridge case. This should prevent the cartridge case from being inflated if it is opened early (G3, AT 295 355). This solution is also unsuitable for a pistol, because of the small dimensions to be aimed at, which forbid a housing that generously surrounds the cartridge chamber and shields any gas leakage.

Starting from this prior art, the

Invention with the problem, one especially for the above

Cartridges to find suitable light handgun with small dimensions.

The invention solves this problem with the subject matter of claim 1. In the weapon mentioned at the outset, the gas piston is, among other things, firmly attached to the breech carrier. Here, "gas piston" is understood in the narrower sense only to mean that component which is actually located within the gas cylinder before the shot. The breech holder is thus ready to fire on the gas cylinder. However, a one-piece component made of gas piston and connecting rod is also considered a "gas cylinder" if the connecting rod is firmly attached to the closure carrier, ie the gas cylinder is not seated directly on the closure carrier. The connecting feature is the fact that when the gas pistons are fired, they not only run back inside the gas cylinder, but also completely move out of the gas cylinder and move away from the gas cylinder with the breech carrier.

In this way, considerable weight savings are achieved by omitting the linkage and the spring for the gas piston. In particular, however, the dimensions can be reduced. Usually, this training would lead to considerable pollution and ultimately to a reduced functionality of the weapon. With the above Cartridges, however, the amount of gas diverted is so small that contamination can be tolerated.

The gas cylinder and the gas piston make it possible to determine exactly when the weapon begins to open; in addition, that the opening always takes place with the necessary emphasis, which otherwise would not always be guaranteed with the relatively long, but overall weak cartridge.

This training also has the already mentioned "Desert Eagle" pistol, but there the gas piston acts as a recoil amplifier, while in the invention the breech carrier serves as a linkage, the weapon according to the invention cannot open by recoil alone, however high it may be.

According to the invention it is further provided to provide the closure carrier with two opposite recesses into which - in the ready-to-fire state - pawls which are attached to the closure head fall. The two opposite pawls can be very small, so that an excessively wide carriage is not required for a pistol, for example. In addition, by suitably shaping the cutouts, the pawls and, if appropriate, the breech carrier, the weapon can be “tailor-made” for each cartridge, so to speak, without the need for fundamental changes to the structure.

In order to achieve a structure that is as compact as possible, according to a further embodiment, the breech carrier is arranged around the barrel when the weapon is ready to fire, and the gas piston is attached to a vertical transverse wall of the breech carrier (claim 2). Not only is part of the weapon required for the breech carrier arranged around the barrel, but the breech carrier extends to the front of the gas cylinder so that the gas piston can be made as short and light as possible. It proves particularly expedient to design the handgun as a pistol and the breech carrier as a carriage (claim 3). The gas piston is located in the area of the barrel, that is to say at a point surrounded by the carriage, and so far forward that the ejection or tracking of the cartridge is not hindered.

It is particularly preferred here to place the gas cylinder under the barrel (claim 4). This measure protects the shooter from being harassed by escaping powder gases; at least for a pistol, if the pistol - as usual - is only held by the handle, which usually holds the magazine and is so far behind the gas piston that there is no fear of serious annoyance. In contrast, the handguard of rifles is often located in the area of the gas piston, so that precautions must be taken to protect the shooter from escaping gas.

Protection against escaping powder gases is also provided by the measure of providing the gas cylinder with a forwardly facing degassing opening (claim 5). Then practically no gases emerge backwards in the direction of the handle and the hand holding it. In addition, the closing spring is possibly contaminated by the gases, but by no means fine functional parts of the trigger mechanism. No gases are directed in its direction. The function of the pistol is fully guaranteed even after long use without cleaning and is therefore particularly suitable as an ordnance weapon.

Another advantage of this design is that the gas piston requires a forward-facing extension with a smaller diameter, which closes the degassing opening when the gun is in the position ready to fire. This extension automatically ensures with its conical transition to the actual gas piston that this "threads" into the gas cylinder every time the weapon is closed, even if it happens after a long time

Greater tolerances should occur when using the weapon.

A closure carrier with a pin has been found to be particularly useful, which pushes between the pawls in a ready-to-fire state and only allows them to slide out of the recesses when the closure carrier has moved a little to the rear from the closure head (claim 6). The pin allows, depending on its design (conical or cylindrical) that the recoil participates to a greater or lesser extent in the loading process.

Particularly in the case of the cartridges described, which produce only a very low recoil, it is advantageous to design the journal cylindrically (claim 7). The recoil then only plays a very minor role when reloading. With other cartridges, however, it could be entirely possible to make the pin conical, so that the gas cylinder and gas piston would practically only increase the recoil.

An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The drawings show:

1 is a vertical (a) and a horizontal (b) cross section through a pistol closure according to the invention, in a ready-to-fire condition,

Fig. 2 shows the closure of Fig. 1 shortly before unlocking or shortly after locking, vertically (a) and horizontally (b), Fig. 3 shows the unlocked closure immediately before opening or immediately after closing before locking, vertically (a) and horizontally (b) cut, and Fig.4 essential parts of the closure.

1 to 3, the breech or slide 1 of a gun is shown in two representations; in the upper (index a) each in central elevation and in the lower (index b) each in horizontal section. Details that are not essential here are omitted. In all figures, the left direction corresponds to the forward direction.

The carriage 1 has a substantially cuboid, elongated housing 3, the elevation of which - in the firing position of the pistol and viewed from the front - is slightly narrower in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction. The housing 3 is open on its underside and has a continuous web on both sides of this opening, which web runs in a groove of a handle (not shown). Otherwise, the housing 3 is closed all round, with the exception of a front opening 5, which serves to receive and pass a barrel 7. This run passes through a vertical partition 9 integral with the breech housing 3, in such a way that the core axis of the barrel 7 passes through the partition 9 above its center.

The rear barrel end 7 is fastened in a sleeve 11, from which it is firmly surrounded. The cuff 11 or the barrel 7 is - at least when the weapon is assembled - fastened in the handle of the weapon (not shown). The carriage 1 is provided with a longitudinal groove 13, via which it is guided on the sleeve 11.

Inside the sleeve 11, the barrel 7 is closed to the rear by a closure head 15, which in turn is connected to the housing 3 so as to be longitudinally movable. The longitudinal movement of the closure head 15 is limited by a stop piece 27 fastened in the housing 3, which engages in a groove in the closure head 15. On its outside, the closure head 15 carries two opposite Pawls 17, the front of which is pivotable on

Locking head 15 are articulated.

In the position shown in FIG. 1, the weapon is immediately before the shot. If the cartridge 19 located in the barrel 7 is ignited, the recoil acts on the breech head 15. But this is based on the pawls 17 on the sleeve 11 and thus against the handle, so it remains closed. The pawls 17 cannot pivot because their outer sections rest in a recess 21 in the housing 3 and their inside rests on a thickening 23 of a pin 25 connected to the housing 3. The pin 25 is slimmer in the region of its front end 29.

After the shot, the housing 3 initially moves back until its stop piece 27 strikes against the rear end of the groove in the closure head 15. The housing 3 has also withdrawn the pin 25 firmly connected to it (FIG. 2). The slim pin end 29 then moves under the pawls 17, and the front ends of the recesses 21 press the pawls 17 towards the axis of the soul until they abut against the slim pin end 29 (FIG. 3). The housing 3 can now take the closure head 15 (no longer supported against the sleeve 11) with its further return, namely with the aid of the stop piece 27.

The recoil acting on the handle and the housing 3 will in practice not always move the housing 3 backwards into the open position (reloading position), ie initially over the entire movement distance granted by the stop piece 27 relative to the closure head 15 and then together with the locking head 15 to the reload position. This is because a strong closing spring (not shown) acts on the housing 3 and presses it against the closure head 15. In addition, the pawls 17 and the associated projections on the sleeve 11 and breech head 15 are formed so that the pawls 17 rest when the weapon is closed on a cylindrical part of the pin 25 and thus have no pushing the pin 25 backward effect. Such an effect occurs at most when the housing 3 (and thus the pin 25) has already moved a bit backwards relative to the closure head 15.

This means that in practice the recoil is probably not always sufficient to always ensure reliable opening of the weapon. Therefore, a recoil amplifier 31 is attached under the barrel 7, which is designed as a gas piston 35 and a gas cylinder 37 and is connected to the barrel interior 7 via a gas channel 39, 45.

For this purpose, a gas block 41 with a tight fit is pushed over the barrel 7 and bears on the one hand on a shoulder 33 of the barrel 7 and on the other hand on a spring ring 43. The barrel 7 is provided with a gas extraction bore 39, the position of which will be discussed later. The gas extraction bore 39 is extended by a vertically downward bore 45 in the gas block 41, which opens into the gas cylinder 37, which extends horizontally below and parallel to the core axis. This gas cylinder is open to the rear and has a fine bore 47 on its front. The gas piston 35 has a central, forwardly extending extension 49 which merges in a conical shape into the gas piston body which adjoins the rear.

The gas piston 35 sits in the gas cylinder 37 so that its extension 49 extends into the fine bore 47 in the rest position and seals it. Furthermore, the gas piston 35 is provided with a cylindrical outer wall which bears against the inner wall of the gas cylinder 37. The position of these parts ready to fire is shown in FIG. 1. The bore 45 made in the gas block 41 opens out in the region of the transition from Gas piston body to the gas piston attachment 49 in the gas cylinder 37, so that there is always a free space connected to the interior of the barrel 7 around the gas piston 35.

The gas piston 35 is fixedly connected to the vertical partition 9 by means of a further spring ring 51.

If a projectile has just passed the gas extraction bore 39 in the barrel 7, then part of the inflowing gases exit from it and enter the bore 45 and from there into the gas cylinder 37. The gases which have reached this push the gas piston 35 to the rear, until the neck 49 releases the fine bore 47 on the front of the gas cylinder 37 and the gases can escape through this bore. This takes place while the gas piston 35 is still partly in the gas cylinder 37 and seals it in such a way that the gases cannot escape towards the back of the shooter.

Here, the vertical partition 9 and thus the carriage housing 3 integrally connected to it is accelerated to the rear. The housing 3 takes the pin 25 with it and its slender end 29 reaches the area of the pawls 17 which are pressed inwards by the front ends of the housing recesses 21. The locking head 15 is hereby unlocked and taken away by the stop piece 27. The distance between the inside of the rear housing end 3 and the rear closure head end remains the same, since the pawls 17 slide along the inside of the housing 3 and can therefore only move outwards again when they reach the area of the housing recesses 21. At the same time, the pawls 17 sit on the transition from the thickening 23 to the slender end 29 of the pin 25. The locking head 15 can therefore only approach the rear end of the housing 3 again when the pawls 17 are in the region of the recesses 21. To the front, the closure head 15 is held by the stop piece 27. The gas extraction bore 39 is provided in the barrel 7 at a point which is so far in front of the cartridge chamber or so close to the muzzle that the following is ensured: the breech head 15 only moves significantly away from the rear barrel end when the projectile 7 has left and the gas pressure remaining in the barrel has dropped so far that the cartridge case (cartridge 19) reliably survives its removal without damage.

It is assumed that the pistol always moves backwards as a result of the recoil until it is intercepted by the shooter's hand. Thus, the housing 3 is first accelerated together with the breech head 15 and moves further back when the shooter's hand has supported the handle (not shown) and thus the barrel 7 and the cartridge case. Because meanwhile ^{- "} the ^" gas pressure ^{'^ has} decreased, the cartridge case now holds the closure head 15 and thus allows the thickening 23 of the pin 25 to be pulled out of the space between the two pawls 17. If the recoil is hard enough and the pistol is not is firmly clamped (which is hardly possible), the weapon would have to work without the recoil amplifier 31. In fact, the locking distance (the distance of the possible relative movement between the breech head 15 and the housing 3, limited by the stop piece 27) will be chosen so that the recoil is not sufficient to open the weapon. In addition, the fact that the pawls 17 on the cylindrical thickening 23 (when the weapon is ready to fire) prevents the pawls 17 from pressing the housing 3 backwards relative to the breech head 15. The function of the gun shown is therefore dependent on the recoil amplifier. Nevertheless, the pistol is not a gas pressure charger, but uses a braked ground lock with a recoil booster.

This arrangement ensures - as with a gas pressure charger that the closure only opens when that Projectile has left the barrel. While with one

Gas pressure loader but the gas pressure acts at least indirectly on the breech elements, in the case of the invention these are only dependent on the recoil - even if in reality this can never be strong enough to always reliably load the weapon. The combination according to the invention of the braked mass lock with recoil amplifier always ensures reliable loading.

Claims

claims

1. Handgun with the following features: a) a barrel fixed in use (7), b) a breech carrier (3), c) a breech head (15) which is fixed by a lock (11, 17) when fired and at Opening of the weapon is opened with a delay by the opening movement of the breech carrier (3), d) a gas cylinder (37) which is connected to the inside of the barrel (7) and has a gas piston (35) which acts on the breech carrier (3) and opens , wherein e) the gas piston (35) is fixedly attached to the breech carrier (3), and f) the breech carrier (3) has two opposite recesses (21) into which - in the ready-to-fire state - pawls (17) fall, which are on the breech head (15) are attached or supported.

2. Handgun according to claim 1, wherein the breech carrier (3) is arranged around the barrel (7) when the weapon is ready to fire and the gas piston (35) is attached to a vertical transverse wall (9) of the breech carrier (3).

3. Handgun according to claim 2, which is designed as a pistol, in which the breech carrier (3) forms part of the carriage (1).

4. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, in which the gas cylinder (37) sits under the barrel (7)

5. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, in which the gas cylinder (37) has a forward-facing degassing opening (47).

6. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the breech carrier (3) has a pin (25) which, when ready to fire, is pushed between the pawls (17) and only allows them to slide out of the recesses (21) when the closure carrier (3) has moved a little towards the rear relative to the closure head (15).

7. Handgun according to claim 6, characterized in that the pin (25) is substantially cylindrical.