WO2005122406A1 - 発振器 - Google Patents
発振器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005122406A1 WO2005122406A1 PCT/JP2005/008947 JP2005008947W WO2005122406A1 WO 2005122406 A1 WO2005122406 A1 WO 2005122406A1 JP 2005008947 W JP2005008947 W JP 2005008947W WO 2005122406 A1 WO2005122406 A1 WO 2005122406A1
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- frequency
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- phase
- oscillator
- phase difference
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/089—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
- H03L7/0891—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
- H03L7/0893—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump the up-down pulses controlling at least two source current generators or at least two sink current generators connected to different points in the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/087—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal using at least two phase detectors or a frequency and phase detector in the loop
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oscillator used in, for example, a communication device for performing wired or wireless communication.
- the control unit 150 receives a latch signal LE, a data signal DATA, and a clock signal CLK output from the MPU 100.
- the oscillator B is a reference signal REF externally and precisely adjusted to be a reference for obtaining an output signal of a desired frequency.
- a phase difference between the reference signal REF and the frequency signal RF is detected based on the frequency signal RF to be detected, and a phase difference signal for controlling the frequency signal RF to a desired frequency is detected based on the detection result.
- a loop filter 300 that performs smoothing processing on the phase difference signal, and a voltage controlled oscillator 400 that generates a frequency signal RF having a desired frequency based on the phase difference signal that has been smoothed by the loop filter 300. It is configured to include:
- the frequency signal RF is output from the RF output terminal 170 to the outside, and the reference signal REF is also received by the REF signal input terminal 160 from the outside. Further, the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 400 is frequency-divided by the frequency divider 110 at a predetermined frequency division ratio N before being acquired by the phase detector 130 to obtain a signal FN1. The reference signal REF received by the REF signal input terminal 160 is acquired by the phase detector 130. Before being divided, the frequency is divided by the frequency divider 120 at a predetermined frequency division ratio R to obtain a signal FR1. In this case, the dividing ratio N and the dividing ratio R are set so that the period of the signal FN1 and the period of the signal FR1 are the same.
- signals FN1 and FR1 are output from dividers 110 and 120 to phase detector 130. If the cycle of the reference signal REF and the cycle of the frequency signal RF are the same, the frequency divider 110,
- the charge pump 140 converts the output signal of the phase detector 130 into a positive constant current output, a negative constant current output, or a no output (off) in accordance with the phase difference between the signal FN1 and the signal FR1. It is converted into a mode, and can be omitted.
- the frequency synthesizer IC is an example of an IC chip in which the frequency divider 110, the frequency divider 120, the phase detector 130, the charge pump 140, and the control unit 150 are configured as one integrated circuit.
- the oscillator B configured as described above acquires and generates each signal at a timing as shown in FIG. 4, for example.
- the signal FR1 and the signal FN1 are acquired by the phase detector 130 as signals having the same period.
- Phase detector 130 detects a phase difference between acquired signal FR1 and signal FN1, and outputs a phase difference signal according to the phase difference.
- the charge pump 140 generates a phase difference signal CP1 by processing the phase difference signal output from the phase detector 130. Then, the phase difference signal CP1 is further subjected to a smoothing process by the loop filter 300. Further, the voltage controlled oscillator 400 outputs a frequency signal RF having a desired frequency to the frequency divider 110 and the RF output terminal 170 based on the signal subjected to the smoothing process.
- phase difference signal CP1 As a positive constant current pulse having a pulse width corresponding to the phase difference.
- the charge pump 140 outputs the phase difference signal CP1 as a negative constant current pulse having a pulse width corresponding to the phase difference. Note that the output of the charge pump is released during the period when there is no pulse.
- voltage-controlled oscillator 400 controls the frequency of frequency signal RF to a desired value according to the polarity and pulse width of the constant current pulse of phase difference signal CP1.
- the oscillator B shown in FIG. 3 is used for frequency conversion at the time of demodulating such a digital modulation signal. Therefore, it is required to reduce the phase noise generated in the oscillator B as much as possible.
- phase noise generated by this oscillator increases as the frequency division ratio of the frequency dividers 110 and 120 increases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a phase comparator which does not increase the frequency of a signal to be phase-compared by the phase comparator and which has a particularly high precision. It is to reduce phase noise without using it.
- An oscillator receives a reference signal indicating a frequency reference from the outside, receives a frequency control signal indicating a frequency, and responds to the frequency control signal.
- a frequency signal output unit for outputting a frequency signal; and a phase difference signal representing the phase difference according to a phase difference between the reference signal received by the reception unit and the frequency signal output from the frequency signal output unit.
- a control for generating the frequency control signal and outputting the frequency control signal to the frequency signal output unit A signal generator is provided, and a power supply for generating a power supply voltage for operating the plurality of phase detectors is provided.
- the frequency control signal is generated based on the plurality of phase difference signals output from the plurality of phase detectors, the frequency control signal is virtual compared to the case where one phase detector is used. Since the signal is equivalent to the case where the phase comparison is performed at a frequency proportional to the number of phase detectors, the signal frequency input to each phase detector can be reduced. The phase noise can be reduced without increasing the frequency of the signal and without using a particularly accurate phase comparator.
- phase noise of each phase detector is substantially random, a part of the phase noise output from each phase detector is included in the frequency control signal generated based on the plurality of phase difference signals. Since they cancel each other out, the phase can be reduced by providing multiple phase detectors. Noise can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator A having a first configuration for explaining the principle of the oscillator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a timing chart in signal processing of an oscillator A.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional oscillator B.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart in signal processing of an oscillator B.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart in signal processing of an oscillator B.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator A1 for explaining the principle of the oscillator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart in signal processing of an oscillator A1.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart when the phase difference force S of the input signal in the signal processing of the oscillator A1 is small.
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart when the phase difference between input signals in the signal processing of the oscillator A1 is large.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a spectrum of a phase noise in a conventional oscillator B.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the spectrum of phase noise in an oscillator in which two phase detectors are arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a spectrum of a phase noise in an oscillator in which three phase detectors are arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the spectrum of phase noise in an oscillator having four phase detectors arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the spectrum of phase noise in an oscillator in which eight phase detectors are arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator XI according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X3 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X5 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X6 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a phase detector unit included in an oscillator X7 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X7 in which a plurality of phase detector units are connected in parallel to a mother board.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator A for describing in advance an operation principle of a basic portion in an oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention described later, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a timing chart in the signal processing of the oscillator B, and FIG. 3 is a timing chart in the signal processing of the oscillator B.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator A for describing in advance an operation principle of a basic portion in an oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention described later
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a timing chart in the signal processing of the oscillator B
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart in the signal processing of the oscillator B.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator A1 for describing in advance an operation principle of a basic portion in an oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention described later
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart of signal processing of the oscillator A1.
- 8 is a timing chart when the phase difference of the input signal is small in the signal processing of the oscillator A1
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart when the phase difference of the input signal is large in the signal processing of the oscillator A1
- Fig. 11 is a graph showing the spectrum of phase noise in an oscillator with two phase detectors in parallel
- Fig. 12 is a phase in an oscillator with three phase detectors in parallel.
- Graph showing the spectrum of noise Fig. 13 is the graph showing the spectrum of phase noise in an oscillator with four phase detectors in parallel, and Fig. 14 is eight phase detectors. Is a graph representing the spectrum of the phase noise in parallel with the oscillator.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator XI according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 According to the embodiment
- FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vibrator X3
- FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X4 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X5 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X6 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of a phase detector unit forming the oscillator X7 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 22 is a plurality of phase detectors.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an oscillator X7 in which units are connected in parallel to a mother board.
- Oscillator A is composed of integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 having functions such as a phase detector and the like, and is combined with integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 to form a PLL and based on the output signals of integrated circuits IC1 and IC2.
- Filter 310 control signal generation unit
- voltage control oscillator 410 frequency signal output unit
- MPU 10 that controls integrated circuits IC1 and IC2
- latch signal output from MPU 10 D-flip-flop circuits 21 and 22 for adjusting timing are provided.
- Oscillator A has a REF signal input terminal 160 for receiving a reference signal REF and an RF output terminal 170 for outputting a frequency signal RF output from voltage-controlled oscillator 410 to the outside.
- the reference signal REF is a signal that has been externally and precisely adjusted so as to be a reference for obtaining an output signal of a desired frequency from the RF output terminal 170.
- the integrated circuit IC1 includes a frequency divider 121 that divides the reference signal REF received by the REF signal input terminal 160 and outputs the frequency-divided signal as a signal FR1 to the phase detector 131, and a frequency signal output from the voltage-controlled oscillator 410.
- a frequency divider 111 that divides RF and outputs it as a signal FN1 to a phase detector 131, and a phase detector that outputs a phase difference signal representing the phase difference according to the phase difference between the signal FR1 and the signal FN1 131, a charge pump 141 for outputting a positive or negative constant current pulse as a phase difference signal CP1 according to the phase difference signal from the phase detector 131, and a control for controlling the operation timing of each part in the integrated circuit IC1 With part 151!
- the phase detector 131 generates a phase difference signal according to the phase difference between the reference signal REF received by the signal REF signal input terminal 160 and the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 This corresponds to an example of a phase detector that performs the above.
- the reference signal REF If the period of the frequency signal RF is the same, there is no need to provide the frequency dividers 111 and 121. Further, the charge pump 141 may not be provided.
- the integrated circuit IC2 includes components having the same functions as the integrated circuit IC1, but the first digit of the code is set to “2” to distinguish it from the integrated circuit IC1 (for example, when the phase detector of the integrated circuit IC1 is 131, the phase detector of the integrated circuit IC2 is 132), and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the loop filter (LF) 310 smoothes (smoothing process) and combines the phase difference signal CP1 output from the charge pump 141 and the phase difference signal CP2 output from the charge pump 142, and This is a filter circuit that generates the control signal VLF.
- the voltage controlled oscillator 410 is a so-called VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator), generates a frequency signal RF according to the voltage of the frequency control signal VLF, and outputs it to the RF output terminal 170 and the frequency dividers 111 and 112.
- the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 configured as described above are controlled by the MPU 10 for controlling the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2. Specifically, the MPU 10 transmits the latch signal LE, the data signal DATA, and the clock signal CLK ⁇ to the control units 151 and 152 provided inside the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2, thereby transmitting the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2. Control the operation!
- the D-flip * flop circuit 21 delays the latch signal output from the MPU 10 and outputs the delayed signal to the control unit 151.
- the D flip-flop circuit 22 further delays the latch signal delayed by the D flip-flop circuit 21 and outputs the latch signal to the control unit 152.
- the latch signals are input to the control units 151 and 152 of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 at different timings, so that the operation start timings of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 are different.
- the operation start timing of the frequency dividers 111 and 121 in the integrated circuit IC1 is smaller than the operation start timing of the frequency dividers 112 and 122 in the integrated circuit IC2.
- the advance phase is set in advance so that the waveform of the reference signal REF is advanced by one cycle. (For example, the rising edge of the signal FR1 is advanced by one cycle in the waveform of the reference signal REF with respect to the rising edge of the signal FR2.)
- the operation of the oscillator A configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the MPU 10 sends a latch signal LE, and the sent latch signal LE is delayed by the D-flip flop circuits 21 and 22, respectively, so that the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 each It is input to the control units 151 and 152 provided.
- the D-flip 'flop circuits 21 and 22 set the operation start timings of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 so that the phases thereof differ by one cycle in the waveform of the reference signal REF. First, after the integrated circuit IC1 starts operating first, the operation of the integrated circuit IC2 starts.
- the phase detector 131 detects a phase difference between the signal FR 1 and the signal FN 1, and outputs a phase difference signal corresponding to the phase difference to the charge pump 141. Then, the phase difference signal from the phase detector 131 is processed by the charge pump 141 and output to the loop filter 310 as the phase difference signal CP1. Further, the phase difference signal CP1 is subjected to smoothing processing by the loop filter 310.
- the integrated circuit IC2 performs the same operation as the integrated circuit IC1, but the operation start timing is delayed by one cycle with the waveform of the reference signal REF as described above.
- the signal FR2 and the signal FN2 are converted into signals having the same cycle and received by the phase detector 132.
- the phase detector 132 detects a phase difference between the signal FR2 and the signal FN2, and outputs a phase difference signal corresponding to the phase difference to the charge pump 142. Then, the charge pump 142 processes the phase difference signal from the phase detector 132, The phase difference signal CP2 is output to the loop filter 310. Further, the phase difference signal CP2 is subjected to a smoothing process by the loop filter 310.
- Phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 subjected to smoothing processing by loop filter 310 are combined, and output to voltage controlled oscillator 410 as frequency control signal VLF, which is a voltage signal indicating a frequency.
- phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 will be described.
- the timing at which the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 are input to the loop filter 310 is as shown in FIG.
- phase difference signals CP 1 and CP 2 are alternately output from the integrated circuits IC 1 and IC 2 every cycle with the waveform of the reference signal REF, and are input to the loop filter 310.
- the reason why the output timings of the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 are alternated every cycle in the waveform of the reference signal REF is that the operation of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 having the phase detectors 131 and 132 respectively starts. This is because the timing is shifted by one cycle in the waveform of the reference signal REF as described above.
- the loop filter 310 generates a new synthesized signal CP by simply synthesizing the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 whose phases are shifted as described above, and smoothes this to control the frequency.
- the operation of the voltage controlled oscillator 410 is controlled by generating the signal VLF and transmitting it to the voltage controlled oscillator 410.
- the frequency of the synthesized signal CP generated by the loop filter 310 is simply obtained by synthesizing the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2, the frequency is twice the frequency of the phase difference signal CP1 or CP2. (Increases in proportion to the number of phase detectors).
- the frequency control signal VLF obtained by smoothing the composite signal CP is a signal indicating a frequency twice as high as the frequency of the phase difference signal CP1 or CP2. It can be considered that the frequency has apparently doubled.
- the oscillator A is composed of the same phase detector and the same phase detector as the conventional oscillator B described above, the oscillator A is virtually twice as large as the oscillator B compared to the oscillator B. It becomes possible to input the frequency control signal VLF, which has been phase-compared at the frequency, to the voltage-controlled oscillator 410.
- phase noise of each of the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 is almost random, Part of the phase noise cancels each other out by the synthesis, and the phase noise of the frequency control signal VLF does not increase so as to be proportional to the number of the plurality of phase detectors, and theoretically only about (2) times. No. Therefore, the floor level of the phase noise can be reduced as compared with the oscillator B. As a result, the frequency of the signal input to each phase detector can be reduced, and the performance of the signal compared with the phase comparator can be increased without using a high-precision phase comparator. It is possible to reduce the phase noise (improve the SZN ratio) while using a (low-cost) phase detector with the (accuracy) as it is.
- the oscillator A outputs the frequency control signal VLF at twice the frequency of the conventional oscillator B.
- the number of D-flip 'flop circuits is three, which is the same as that of the integrated circuit IC1.
- the number of the oscillator B is an integral multiple.
- the frequency control signal VLF indicating the frequency can be output.
- a current control oscillator may be used as long as the control signal output from the power loop filter 310 shown in the case of the voltage control oscillator is a current value. ⁇ .
- the oscillator A has a configuration in which the phases of the frequency signal RF and the reference signal REF are shifted by a predetermined amount for each phase detector (for each IC) by the D-flip 'flop circuits 21 and 22.
- the phase may not be changed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an oscillator A1 for explaining a principle in which a phase is not changed for each phase detector (for each IC).
- the oscillator A 1 is obtained by removing the MPU 10 and the two D-flip flop circuits 21 and 22 from the oscillator A shown in FIG. As a result, the phases of the output signals of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 may be slightly shifted due to the variation in the characteristics of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2. It is only. Also, in the oscillator A1, in order to limit the current flowing when the output currents of the charge pump 141 and the charge pump 142 have opposite polarities, the signal path from the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 to the loop filter 310 is limited. Are provided with resistors 51 and 52.
- a filter F1 is provided in a power supply path to the integrated circuit IC1 including the phase detector 131, and a filter F2 is provided in a power supply path to the integrated circuit IC2 including the phase detector 132. .
- the level (pulse) of the output signal of each circuit section constituting the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 is changed. It changes almost all at once. For this reason, if the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 are directly connected by sharing one power supply, a large pulse-like current flows almost simultaneously to each circuit part, causing the power supply voltage to drop in a pulse-like manner. obtain. This voltage drop becomes pulse noise. Therefore, by providing the filters Fl and F2, generation of such pulse-like noise is prevented.
- the filters Fl and F2 are RC low-pass filters including the resistors 61 and 62 and the capacitors 71 and 72, respectively, but are not limited thereto.
- an LC filter consisting of a coil and a capacitor or an active filter such as a three-terminal regulator can be avoided.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing signal processing in the oscillator A1. As shown in FIG. 7, the waveforms of the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 output from the charge pumps 141 and 142 are slightly delayed from the original timings indicated by broken lines.
- An IC integrated circuit
- a digital circuit which is composed of a digital circuit, and passes through a digital circuit due to random noise of a semiconductor element or random noise or fluctuation of a power supply voltage.
- the delay time of the signal changes randomly within a certain time width.
- Such fluctuation (variation) of the delay time is called jitter.
- the delay of the waveforms of the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 shown in Fig. 7 is due to the effect of jitter, and this delay varies randomly. Also, since the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 are independent circuits, there is almost no correlation between the jitter generated in the phase difference signal CP1 and the jitter generated in the phase difference signal CP2. Random for each It is. Therefore, it is considered that the jitter component in the frequency control signal VLF generated by combining the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2 by the loop filter 310 is the power sum of the jitter components of the output signals of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2. .
- the reference signal REF and the frequency signal RF produce the original phase comparison signal component (the original output excluding one jitter component in the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2).
- Signal is considered to be a synchronized signal.
- the original phase comparison signal component in the signal synthesized by the loop filter 310 is the current sum of the respective original phase comparison signal components in the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2.
- N 2
- Noize 3dB.
- the SN ratio (Signal / Noise) is improved by 3db, and the floor level of the phase noise is improved by 3dB.
- the oscillator A and the oscillator A1 operate the two integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 in parallel, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained by using three or more.
- the floor level of the phase noise can be improved by 10 X log (N). It can.
- the configuration of parallel operation as shown in Fig. 6 can be easily realized by arranging a plurality of integrated circuits on a printed circuit board.
- FIGS. 10 to 14 are graphs showing an example of the spectrum of the phase noise of the oscillator (analysis result of the frequency signal RF output), and the horizontal axis shows the deviation (frequency offset) from a predetermined carrier frequency.
- the vertical axis represents the level of phase noise.
- the plot portions of the marker numbers 2 to 4 represent the level of the phase noise of the voltage controlled oscillator 410.
- FIG. 10 shows the spectrum of the phase noise in the conventional oscillator B (when there is one phase detector) shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 11 shows the spectrum in the case where two phase detectors are arranged in parallel.
- the phase noise spectrum of oscillator A1 shown in Fig. 12, Fig. 12 is the phase noise spectrum of the oscillator when three phase detectors are connected in parallel, and Fig. 13 is the phase of the oscillator when four phase detectors are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 14 is an example of a graph showing the spectrum of the phase noise in the oscillator when eight phase detectors are arranged in parallel.
- the floor level (level at a point of 10 kHz from the carrier) of the phase noise derived from the phase detector is as follows when one phase detector (conventional) is used. 99. l ldBcZHz, with two phase detectors— 103.58 dBcZHz, with three phase detectors— 105.59 dBc / Hz, with phase detector power—107.30 dBc / Hz, phase For eight detectors-110. OOdBc / ⁇ . This result also indicates that the more the number of phase detectors is, the more the phase noise can be reduced.
- the wiring length for supplying the frequency signal RF and the reference signal REF to a plurality of integrated circuits such as the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 is as follows. Pulse noise does not overlap each other even if the lengths differ by about l to 100 mm. Therefore, interference can be reduced, and as a result, phase correlation is reduced due to the loss of noise correlation.
- the oscillator XI shown in Fig. 15 has a REF signal input terminal 160 (receiver) for receiving a reference signal REF indicating the frequency reference from the outside, a frequency control signal VLF, and a frequency control signal VLF.
- the frequency control oscillator 410 (frequency signal output unit) that outputs the corresponding frequency signal RF, and the reference signal REF received by the REF signal input terminal 160 are frequency-divided, and the phase detector 131, Frequency dividers 121 and 122 output to 132, respectively, and frequency dividers 111 and 112 which divide the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 and output them to the phase detectors 131 and 132 as signals FNl and FN2.
- a phase detector 131, 132 that outputs a phase difference signal representing the phase difference according to the phase difference between the signal F R1 and the signal FN1, and positive or negative according to the phase difference signal from the phase detector 131, 132.
- Charge pump 141 which outputs the constant current pulses of the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2, respectively.
- 142 a loop filter 310 (control signal generation unit) that generates a frequency control signal VLF based on the phase difference signals CP1 and CP2, and a power supply voltage to operate internal circuits such as the phase detectors 131 and 132 And a start-up control circuit 7.
- the frequency divider 111, the frequency divider 121, the phase detector 131, the charge pump 141, and the lock detection circuit 161 are integrated.
- the integrated circuit IC1 is configured.
- a frequency divider 112, a frequency divider 122, a phase detector 132, a charge pump 142, and a lock detection circuit 162 are integrated to form an integrated circuit IC2.
- the lock detection circuits 161 and 162 are provided in a general frequency synthesizer IC.
- the detection method is different depending on the IC.
- the phase difference between the signal FN1 (signal FN2) and the signal FR1 (signal FR2) is continuous for a predetermined period (for example, 5 periods) and a predetermined phase difference time (for example, If it is less than 15 nanoseconds (or less than a predetermined phase angle), it is determined that the phases are synchronized, and the lock-on signal is output ON, and in other cases, it is output OFF. And so on.
- the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 respectively Resistors 51 and 52 are provided on a signal path leading to the loop filter 310.
- the activation control circuit 7 determines the frequency of the phase difference signals CP 1 and CP 2 output from the integrated circuits IC 1 and IC 2, that is, the frequency division ratio N of the frequency dividers 111 and 112 and the frequency division ratio of the frequency dividers 121 and 122 This is a control circuit that sets R, resets and starts the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2.
- the power supply units 11 and 12 supply the integrated circuits IC 1 and IC 2, that is, the phase detectors 131 and 132, respectively, with one-to-one operation power supply voltages.
- the power supply units 11 and 12 are DC stabilized power supplies having sufficiently low noise so as not to deteriorate the phase noise of the phase detectors 131 and 132, for example.
- the receiving unit may be any one for receiving the external force reference signal REF, for example, a wiring pattern connected to the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2, or a signal input terminal of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2.
- a connector or the like for connecting the oscillator XI to an external circuit may be used.
- the phase detectors 131 and 132 output the reference signal REF received by the signal REF signal input terminal 160 and the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410.
- This corresponds to an example of a plurality of phase detectors that generate a phase difference signal according to the phase difference. If the periods of the reference signal REF and the frequency signal RF are the same, it is not necessary to provide the frequency dividers 111, 121, 112, 122. Further, the charge pumps 141 and 142 need not be provided.
- the operation of the oscillator XI configured as described above will be described.
- the start-up control circuit 7 may make the operation start timing of the integrated circuit IC1 different from the operation start timing of the integrated circuit IC2 in the same manner as the oscillator A1 shown in FIG.
- the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 may be started to operate at the same time so that the characteristic difference between the integrated circuits 1 and IC2 causes a difference between the timing of the phase difference signal CP1 and the timing of the phase difference signal CP2. ,.
- the phase noise of the frequency signal RF signal is substantially equal to lZsqrt (N) [N is the number of the phase detectors] by the configuration in which the phase detectors 131 and 132 are operated in parallel. Reduced.
- N is the number of the phase detectors
- the phase noise in the frequency signal RF caused by the noise voltage output from this power supply is synchronized with the same power supply noise in each of the phase detectors 131 and 132. Therefore, even if a plurality of phase detectors 131 and 132 are operated in parallel, no reduction occurs.
- the power supplies 11 and 12 are provided for each of the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2, that is, for each of the phase detectors 131 and 132, as in the oscillator XI, the noise voltage is randomly generated for each of the power supplies 11 and 12. Therefore, the phase noise caused by the power supply is reduced by partially canceling the phase noise.
- a low-pass filter composed of an RC circuit was provided between one stable power supply and each of the eight phase detectors to attenuate the noise voltage output from the power supply.
- the noise is extremely small, and one ultra-stable power supply is provided, and a noise-suppressing power supply is provided.
- the provision of the plurality of power supply units 11 and 12 makes it possible to reduce the phase noise in the frequency signal RF signal caused by noise generated in the power supply. Also, like the oscillator A shown in FIG. 1 and the oscillator A1 shown in FIG. 6, the signal frequency input to each phase detector can be reduced, so that the frequency of the signal compared by the phase comparator can be reduced. It is possible to reduce the phase noise (improve the SZN ratio) without using a high-precision phase comparator, and without using a high-precision phase comparator and using a (low-cost) phase detector with the conventional performance (accuracy). It becomes.
- the oscillator X2 shown in FIG. 16 includes a plurality of power supply units 11 and 12, similarly to the oscillator XI shown in FIG.
- the oscillator X2 shown in FIG. 16 differs from the oscillator XI shown in FIG. 15 in that in addition to the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2, integrated circuits IC3 and IC4 having the same configuration as the integrated circuit IC1 are further provided.
- the integrated circuits IC3 and IC4 include the same circuits as the integrated circuit IC1 in addition to the phase detectors 133 and 134. The description of the internal configuration of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 is omitted.
- phase difference signal generated in the same manner as the phase difference signal CP1 in the integrated circuit IC1 CP3, CP4 output IC3, IC4 output respectively.
- resistors 53 and 54 similar to the resistors 51 and 52 are provided on a signal path from the integrated circuits IC3 and IC4 to the loop filter 310.
- an operation power supply voltage is supplied from the power supply unit 11 to the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2, and an operation power supply voltage is supplied from the power supply unit 12 to the integrated circuits IC3 and IC4. Thereby, a power supply voltage for operating a plurality of phase detectors is supplied.
- the noise voltage in the output voltage is about 60nVZSQRT (Hz), which is sufficiently smaller than the phase noise generated by the phase detector. Therefore, even if a relatively small number of phase detectors are connected to one stable power supply, for example, about two to four The phase noise caused by the power supply can be reduced as compared with the case where a power supply device is used.
- the oscillator X3 shown in FIG. 17 is different from the oscillator XI shown in FIG. 16 in that resistors 61 and 62 are connected in series between the power supply unit 11 and the power supply unit 12, and a connection point between the resistor 61 and the resistor 62 is provided.
- the difference is that the voltage generated in step (1) is supplied as the power supply voltage for operation of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4.
- the electric power generated by the plurality of power supply units 11 and 12 is combined and supplied to the plurality of phase detectors 131 to 134 included in the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4.
- the oscillator X4 includes integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 similarly to the oscillator X3 shown in FIG. 17, and has a configuration in which the integrated circuits 1 to IC4 (the phase detectors 131 to 134) operate in parallel. Note that, in FIG. 18, the configuration other than the REF signal input terminal 160, the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4, and the signal path of the reference signal REF (signal path of the frequency signal RF) is omitted.
- the oscillator X4 shown in FIG. 18 differs from the oscillator X3 shown in FIG. 17 in the following points. That is, the oscillator X4 shown in FIG. 18 includes, for example, a line 8 (first transmission line) for transmitting the reference signal REF received by the REF signal input terminal 160, and a branch from the line 8 to the integrated circuits IC1 to IC8. Process C4 Branches 85-88 (a plurality of first branches) for supplying the reference signal REF to the phase detectors 131-134, respectively, and the terminating resistor 32 (first terminating resistor) provided on the line 8 And In this case, the line 8 and the branch lines 85 to 88 correspond to an example of the first high-frequency signal line.
- the branch lines 85 to 88 are provided with capacitors 81 to 84 for cutting the DC component of the signal.
- the reference signal REF received by the REF signal input terminal 160 is connected to the line 8 to 88.
- the oscillator X4 includes, for example, a line 8a (second transmission line) for transmitting the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 and a branch from the line 8a, and integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 (phase detectors). 131-134) to supply the frequency signal RF to each of the plurality of branch lines 85a-88a (a plurality of second branch lines), and a terminating resistor 32a (second terminating resistor) provided on the line 8a.
- the line 8a and the branch lines 85a to 88a correspond to an example of a second high-frequency signal line.
- the branch lines 85a to 88a are provided with capacitors 8 la to 84a for cutting the DC component of the signal.
- the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 is connected to the line 8a, The signals are supplied to the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 via the branches 85a to 88a and the capacitors 81a to 84a.
- the lines 8, 8a, the branch paths 85 to 88, and the branch paths 85a to 88a are, for example, microstrip lines. This is a transmission line for high-frequency signals such as a road.
- the terminating resistors 32 and 32a are terminating resistors that adjust the impedance of the transmission line and reduce signal reflection.
- the wiring cannot be regarded as a lumped constant circuit, and the distributed constant It needs to be treated as a circuit. That is, under such conditions, in order to supply the same level of reference signal REF to each of the phase detectors 131 to 134, it is necessary to design a signal distribution circuit by applying the concept of a distributed constant circuit. .
- the frequency of the reference signal REF is 100 MHz
- the wavelength is about 160 cm on the FR4 glass epoxy printed circuit board. Therefore, the wiring length of the signal line transmitting the reference signal REF is 3 cm.
- the distance between the input ends of the reference signal REF between the phase detectors arranged farthest apart is about 16 cm, which is a distributed constant circuit. You have to design.
- the reference signal REF is transmitted via a line 8 such as a microstrip line having a distributed capacitance of 50 ⁇ and a terminating resistor 32 (for example, a pure resistance of 50 ⁇ ) provided at the end thereof for preventing reflected waves.
- a reference signal REF having a substantially uniform amplitude flows through the line 8 over its entire length.
- phase detectors 131 to 134 are branched and output from the line 8 via the branch lines 85 to 88 and the capacitors 81 to 84, respectively, the phase detectors 131 to 134 respectively Can be supplied with the same voltage amplitude. As a result, design without treating it as a distributed constant circuit becomes easier.
- the input impedance (about 300 ⁇ ) of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 is sufficiently larger than the distributed capacitance (about 50 ⁇ ) of the line 8 and the branch lines 85 to 88! / Disturbing the reference signal REF on 85-88 is reduced.
- the transmission of the output signal (frequency signal RF) of the voltage-controlled oscillator 410 is also a reference. The same can be said for the transmission of the signal REF. Therefore, even when the frequency signal RF is transmitted by the line 8a and the branch lines 85a to 88a, the same effect as that when the frequency signal RF is transmitted by the line 8 and the branch lines 85a to 88a is obtained.
- the signal input terminals of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 are different.
- FIG. 18 a symbol indicating the configuration is shown in the forceps.
- the oscillator whose configuration has been replaced with the symbol in the power box is hereafter referred to as oscillator X4 '.
- the frequency power of the output signal (frequency signal RF) of the voltage controlled oscillator 410 is 300 MHz or less, a line such as a microstrip line having a distribution capacitance of 50 ⁇ and a termination resistance of 50 ⁇ is used. 8a and the branch lines 85a to 88a, the input impedance of the phase detectors 131 to 134 is sufficiently larger than the distribution capacitance of the line 8a and the branch lines 85a to 88a. The disturbance of the RF signal is reduced.
- oscillator X5 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the configuration diagram of FIG.
- the oscillator X5 shown in FIG. 19 differs from the oscillator X4 'shown in FIG. 18 in that buffer amplifiers 91 to 94 are provided between the line 8a and the capacitors 81a to 84a in the branch lines 85a to 88a. .
- the characteristic operation of the oscillator X5 will be described.
- the frequency of the output signal (frequency signal RF) of the voltage controlled oscillator 410 becomes 1 GHz or more, the impedance of the RF signal input in the integrated circuits 1 to IC4 decreases to 5 ⁇ . Therefore, the configuration of the oscillator X4 'cannot be transmitted (without properly applying the frequency signal RF).
- buffer amplifiers 91 to 94 whose input impedance is, for example, about 300 ⁇ or more are used, and the integration from the branch paths 85a to 88a is performed.
- the frequency signal RF on the line 8a and the branch lines 85a to 88a is increased as the frequency of the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator 410 increases. Disturbance of the signal is reduced.
- the oscillator X6 shown in FIG. 20 differs from the oscillator X4 ′ shown in FIG. 18 in that a hybrid circuit 500 is provided instead of the line 8a, the branch paths 85a to 88a, and the terminating resistor 32.
- the hybrid circuit 500 is a multi-branch distributed constant circuit formed by connecting two-branch hybrid circuits 341 to 343, which are a kind of distributed constant circuit, in multiple stages.
- Each of the first and second circuits 341 to 343 is a distributed constant circuit for splitting an input signal into two.
- a Wilkinson divider known as an in-phase divider can be used.
- the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 is multiply branched into two, four, eight,...
- the hybrid circuits 341 to 343 to each of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4.
- the frequency signal RF can be supplied to the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4 using the distributed capacitance circuit, so that, for example, the frequency of the reference signal REF is increased, and furthermore, the wiring length of the signal line is set to the value of the reference signal REF. Even when the wavelength is longer than about 2% of the wavelength, a signal having the same voltage amplitude can be supplied to each of the integrated circuits IC1 to IC4.
- the oscillator X7 includes a phase detector unit U (unit), a motherboard MB, a loop filter 310, a voltage controlled oscillator 410, a reference oscillator 160a, and a start control circuit 7 (not shown).
- the phase detector unit U is composed of a module composed of the integrated circuits IC1, IC2, the power supply unit 11, the resistors 51, and the resistors 52 in the oscillator X2 shown in FIG. And is configured as one phase detector unit U. Further, the phase detector unit U includes a connector 35 for connecting the phase detector units U in parallel. [0124]
- the number of integrated circuits provided in the phase detector unit U that is, the number of phase detectors is not limited to two, and may be three or more. Further, the number of power supply units included in the phase detector unit U is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
- the motherboard MB electrically connects a plurality of, for example, three phase detector units U, a loop filter 310, a voltage controlled oscillator 410, a reference oscillator 160a, and a startup control circuit 7 (not shown).
- a printed circuit board made of FR4 glass epoxy is used as a wiring board for connection to form a circuit equivalent to the oscillator X2 shown in FIG.
- a loop filter 310, a voltage controlled oscillator 410, a reference oscillator 160a, a plurality of, for example, three connectors 35 ', and a startup control circuit 7 (not shown) are attached. ing.
- the reference oscillator 160a is an oscillator that outputs the reference signal REF. Note that the oscillator X7 may not include the reference oscillator 160a and may be configured to be supplied with an external reference signal REF.
- the phase detector unit U and the motherboard MB are detachably configured by connectors 35 and 35 '.
- the power supply voltage Power supplied from the outside by the motherboard MB and the control of the start-up control circuit 7 are controlled.
- the signal Start, the reference signal REF output from the reference oscillator 160a, and the frequency signal RF output from the voltage controlled oscillator 410 are supplied to the phase detector unit U via the connectors 35 and 35 '.
- the power supply voltage Power output from the connector 35 is supplied as the primary side power supply voltage of the power supply unit 11, and the control signal Strategy output from the connector 35 is integrated circuits IC1, IC2 And the frequency signal RF output from the connector 35 is supplied to the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 via the buffer amplifier 101, and the reference signal REF output from the connector 35 is supplied to the integrated circuits IC1 and IC2 via the buffer amplifier 101. Supplied to
- a signal generated at a connection point between the resistors 51 and 52 that is, a combined signal CP that is a signal obtained by combining the phase difference signal CP1 and the phase difference signal CP2 is output.
- a combined signal CP that is a signal obtained by combining the phase difference signal CP1 and the phase difference signal CP2 is output.
- CP is smoothed and output to voltage controlled oscillator 410 as frequency control signal VLF.
- the connector 35 corresponds to an example of a connection unit.
- the oscillator X7 shown in FIG. 22 can easily increase or decrease the number of phase detector modules U in accordance with the required phase noise level. ) Can be improved.
- an oscillator includes a receiving unit for receiving a reference signal indicating a frequency reference from outside, and a frequency control signal for indicating a frequency, A frequency signal output unit for outputting a frequency signal corresponding to the frequency control signal; and a phase difference between the reference signal received by the receiving unit and the frequency signal output from the frequency signal output unit.
- a plurality of phase detectors that output a phase difference signal representing the following, and the frequency signal output unit that generates the frequency control signal based on the plurality of phase difference signals output from the plurality of phase detectors
- a plurality of power supply units for generating a power supply voltage for operating the plurality of phase detectors.
- the frequency control signal is generated based on the plurality of phase difference signals output from the plurality of phase detectors, the frequency control signal is more virtual than in the case where one phase detector is used.
- a signal corresponding to a case where phase comparison is performed at a frequency proportional to the number of phase detectors is obtained.
- the signal frequency input to each phase detector can be reduced, and as a result, phase noise can be reduced.
- phase noise of each phase detector is almost random, a part of the phase noise output from each phase detector is included in the frequency control signal generated based on the plurality of phase difference signals. Since they cancel each other, an increase in phase noise due to the provision of a plurality of phase detectors can be reduced.
- the power supply unit supplies power to the plurality of phase detectors.
- the noise superimposed on each phase difference signal due to the power supply noise is also random, and the frequency control signal generated based on a plurality of phase difference signals is output from each phase detector.
- the phase noise can be reduced (the SZN ratio can be improved).
- each power supply unit supplies a power supply voltage to each phase detector on a one-to-one basis.
- phase noise caused by the power supply noise output from each phase detector is mutually canceled, thereby reducing the phase noise. be able to.
- the power generated by the plurality of power supply units may be combined and supplied to the plurality of phase detectors.
- the number of power supply units and the number of phase detectors can be made different, so that the number of power supply units can be reduced.
- a unit including at least one of the plurality of power units and the plurality of phase detectors is provided, and the unit is provided with a connection unit for connecting the other units in parallel.
- the number of phase detector modules U can be easily increased or decreased according to the required phase noise level, so that the flexibility of the device configuration can be improved.
- a second transmission path for transmitting the frequency signal output from the frequency signal output unit and a plurality of supply paths that branch from the second transmission path and supply the frequency signal to each of the phase detectors It is preferable to include a second high-frequency signal line including a second branch, and a second terminating resistor provided in the second transmission line. This makes it easy to match the impedance of the transmission path and transmit a frequency signal having the same voltage amplitude to each phase detector.
- each of the second branch paths supplies the frequency signal to each of the phase detectors via a buffer amplifier that increases an input impedance. This allows each The input impedance of each phase detector as viewed from the second branch path is increased, and a frequency signal can be supplied to each phase detector while reducing disturbance of the frequency signal.
- each of the phase detectors supplies each of the phase detectors with a frequency signal whose frequency signal output section power is also output using a distributed constant circuit.
- the frequency signal can be transmitted using the distributed constant circuit, so that it is easy to transmit a signal having the same voltage amplitude to each phase detector.
- the present invention can be used for an oscillator.
Landscapes
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2004173798A JP4093991B2 (ja) | 2004-06-11 | 2004-06-11 | 発振器 |
JP2004-173798 | 2004-06-11 |
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PCT/JP2005/008947 WO2005122406A1 (ja) | 2004-06-11 | 2005-05-17 | 発振器 |
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TW (1) | TW200614680A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005122406A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5745703A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Output frequency stabilizing circuit for microwave oscillator |
JPH03139011A (ja) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-06-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 位相比較装置 |
JPH0854957A (ja) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-02-27 | Hitachi Ltd | クロック分配システム |
-
2004
- 2004-06-11 JP JP2004173798A patent/JP4093991B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-17 WO PCT/JP2005/008947 patent/WO2005122406A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-05-26 TW TW094117321A patent/TW200614680A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5745703A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-03-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Output frequency stabilizing circuit for microwave oscillator |
JPH03139011A (ja) * | 1989-10-24 | 1991-06-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 位相比較装置 |
JPH0854957A (ja) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-02-27 | Hitachi Ltd | クロック分配システム |
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JP4093991B2 (ja) | 2008-06-04 |
JP2005354460A (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
TW200614680A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
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