Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
  • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/40—Thermal components
  • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
  • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
  • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
  • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the realization of a new device that combines the decontamination and disinfection of water by photocatalysis, together with the capture of solar radiation for conversion into electricity by means of a photovoltaic panel.
• the objective is to increase the useful life of the system of conversion of solar energy into electricity, reduce the space needed by both systems and achieve the energy autonomy of the photocatalytic system.
• a change in the design of both the photocatalytic and photovoltaic systems is proposed. This change fundamentally affects the superimposed installation of both systems.
• the field of application of the invention would be water treatment plants by solar photocatalysis that are located in places where there is no easy access to conventional electricity. This is common in developing countries and, in general, anywhere isolated and away from a power line.
• Titanium dioxide is a solid and water insoluble substance that is characterized by having semiconductor characteristics.
• suitable wavelength less than 400 nm
• a change in its surface structure occurs.
• Each photon generates an electron / hole pair on the surface of the oxide, so that the electron (of negative charge) migrates from the valence band of the oxide to the conduction band, leaving a positive charge gap on the surface.
• Iron (ll) can regenerate iron (lll) by the effect of radiation, although the generation of iron (lll) is much slower than if this is done by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. This process is completely catalytic, although the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated is smaller. -radical hydroxyl.
• Hydroxyl radicals are chemical species that can be generated from water in many different ways, but whose main characteristic is their high oxidizing power. This oxidizing power allows decomposing (up to carbon dioxide and inorganic salts) polluting organic molecules that are present in the water.
• Solar photocatalytic technology can be defined as one that efficiently captures solar photons and introduces them into a suitable reactor to promote specific photocatalytic reactions.
• the equipment that performs this function is called the solar collector.
• the concentration factor (FC) of a solar collector is defined as the ratio between the opening area of the collector and the area of the absorber.
• the opening area is the area that intercepts the radiation, and the area of the absorber, the area of the component that receives the solar radiation.
• Non-concentrating systems which are static and have no solar tracking. They are generally flat-shaped plates oriented towards the equator with a specific inclination, depending on the geographical situation, to maximize solar collection. Its main advantage is its simplicity and low cost.
• An example is the traditional domestic water heater.
• the fluid must be directly exposed to solar radiation and, therefore, the reactor must be transparent to photons, mainly from the UV range. • The fluid must capture the maximum possible photons useful for the photocatalytic process, avoiding that none of them pass through it without being absorbed.
• Reflective elements and / or concentrators must be optimized to reflect the appropriate wavelength radiation for the process.
• document DE 28 47 433 describes a device for heating water that additionally uses the photoelectric effect.
• Document JP11009965-A describes the arrangement of a photocatalyst on the outer surface of a hollow plastic sphere, forming a transparent photocatalytic layer.
• the photocatalytic layer is superimposed on a photoelectric layer that can act as a photovoltaic cell.
• These spheres can be suspended in water or air to achieve two simultaneous effects: fluid purification (water or air) and electricity production.
• the coupling of both systems allows the use of photocatalytic reactors in isolated locations. Consequently, since a PV panel mainly converts visible solar light into electricity, that a PV panel is damaged by the high temperature reached on its surface and by the UV radiation that reaches it, than the water contained in a reactor Photocatalytic is transparent to visible radiation and that photocatalytic degradation makes use mainly of UV radiation (and therefore absorbs it), it is an objective of the present invention to have a photocatalytic-photovoltaic hybrid device so constructed and operated that the photocatalytic component is capable of filtering the UV radiation that damages the PV panel, that the photocatalytic component is capable of cooling the PV panel by means of the water contained therein and of decontaminating or disinfecting water by means of a photocatalytic process.
• Description of the invention To achieve the proposed objective the photocatalytic reactor must be superimposed on the photovoltaic panel, both on the same support. This can be achieved by combining the following elements:
• a photocatalytic reactor through which water can circulate, based on the superposition of two transparent panels, closed so that water circulates between them.
• the space contained between the two panels will be divided into sections by means of open partitions at one end and arranged so that the water zigzags in its path.
• the material from which the photocatalytic reactor panels must be made must be transparent to ultraviolet and visible solar radiation (300-800 nm). This can be achieved by borosilicate glass of low iron content or by a plastic material of similar characteristics Plexiglas type.
• the arrangement of the photocatalytic reactor must be superimposed and in solidarity with the photovoltaic panel in order to cool the surface of the latter by means of the water flowing through it.
• FIG. 2 shows, schematically, the behavior of the 3 components of solar radiation when affecting the integrated device.
• Figure 3 shows, schematically, a plan view and the water path within the photocatalytic reactor.
• Figure 4 shows a side view of the hybrid system object of the invention.
• the numerical references correspond to the following parts and elements I. Solar radiation incident. 2. Photocatalytic reactor. 3. Photovoltaic panel. 4. Support structure. 5. Recirculation pump. 6. Water output from photocatalytic reactor. 7. Open partitions for water circulation in photocatalytic reactor. 8. Photocatalytic reactor water inlet. 9. Power supply to the pump from the photovoltaic panel. 10. Tilt angle of the entire system. II. Ultraviolet solar radiation 12. Visible solar radiation 13.
• the integrated device object of the invention comprises a photocatalytic reactor (2), which has a flat shape and which is arranged on top of a photovoltaic panel (3), all placed on a support structure (4).
• solar radiation (1) illuminates the photocatalytic reactor (2) and after passing through it, it affects the photovoltaic panel (3).
• the solar radiation that reaches this photovoltaic panel is able to make it generate enough electricity to move a pump (5) that drives the water that passes through the photocatalytic reactor (2).
• This pump is placed under the entire system to take advantage of the shadow it generates and increase its durability.
• FIG 2 one of the main advantages related to this invention is schematically represented.
• the solar radiation has three components, based on its wavelength, such as the ultraviolet component (11), the visible component (12) and the infrared component (13).
• the superimposed arrangement ensures that only the visible component (12) falls on the photovoltaic panel (2), since the ultraviolet component (11) is absorbed by the catalyst disposed inside the photocatalytic reactor (2) and is responsible of water decontamination.
• the infrared component (13) is absorbed by the water itself.
• the titanium dioxide catalyst is suspended in the water before recirculating it in the photocatalytic reactor. Once the treatment, removed by sedimentation. If instead iron (II) or iron (III) is used, these would dissolve in the water after fixing a pH of 3 by adding acid.
• the photocatalytic reactor (2) is superimposed on the photovoltaic panel (3), but all placed on a support structure (4) that allows the entire device to have an inclination angle ( 10) equal to the latitude of the place, so that the maximum annual average efficiency is achieved (if that inclination does not change) or the maximum efficiency at each moment (if that inclination is varied depending on the solar height).
• the photocatalytic reactor (2) has partitions (7) made of the same transparent material as the upper and lower panels thereof.
• Titanium dioxide or iron hydroxide could be removed by filtration. This would involve the installation of an additional pump, which also It could be powered by electricity generated in the photovoltaic panel, in order to drive the water to the pressure necessary to pass through the filter necessary for filtration.
• another possibility would be to arrange the catalyst (be it titanium dioxide or iron) in an inert support such that it is not necessary to remove it from the water. This is a solution that could be made only if that support were transparent to visible radiation, so that the lighting of the photovoltaic panel was not prevented. This type of support has not been developed so far.
• different elements that are necessary for the correct operation of the device of the invention have been described conventionally and well known.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
• Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=35613890

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Cited By (8)

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• 2004
  • 2004-06-07 ES ES200401376A patent/ES2245243B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-06-03 WO PCT/ES2005/000318 patent/WO2005121030A1/es active Application Filing
  • 2005-06-03 MX MXPA06014285A patent/MXPA06014285A/es active IP Right Grant
• 2006
  • 2006-12-06 EG EGNA2006001169 patent/EG24192A/xx active
  • 2006-12-07 MA MA29518A patent/MA28654B1/fr unknown

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