WO2005120229A1 - Use of substances, which release terpenes and/or aromatic alcohols, for inhibiting adhesion of microorganisms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of substances, which release terpenes and/or aromatic alcohols, for reducing the adhesion of microorganisms to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and to cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations containing these substances.

Description

Use of substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols to inhibit the adhesion of microorganisms

The present invention relates to the use of substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols to reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to biotic and abiotic surfaces and to cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations containing these substances.

The human-pathogenic species of the genus Candida colonize the skin and mucous membranes in many healthy people without causing symptoms. When the fungal cells multiply, e.g. after bacterial mucosal flora is damaged by antibiotics, they often cause local inflammation, which is also known as thrush. In particular, these occur in the mouth and genital area (so-called oral or vaginal thrush). Skin and diaper thrush are also known. The mucous membrane is red, lesions appear, a white coating and itching.

Candidiasis (Candidiasis) usually arise with reduced immune defense in body folds (intertriginous), in the genito-anal area, in the area of the vagina or on the oral mucosa (thrush). Candida also complicates diaper rash, causes angular cheilitis (Perleche) and often balanitis.

Oral candidiasis (thrush) primarily affects dentition carriers, as fungal cells adhering to the surface of the prosthesis colonize the mucous membranes on contact, which are often pre-damaged by pressure points. Once oral candidiasis has developed, treatment of the candidiasis requires that both the mouth area itself and the dentition be freed from fungal attack, otherwise the result would be a quick reinfection of the mouth area.

There is a similar problem with thrush in the genital area. Since more and more sensitive textiles, such as B. silk or microfiber, which can only be washed at 30 or 40 ° C, processed into garments, fungi, such as the human pathogenic Candida albicans, are sensitive against high temperatures are not killed at the low temperatures to be used. In particular, after a fungal infection, fungi adhering to the clothing and not killed can result in reinfection.

In order to break the vicious circle and prevent reinfection by fungi adhering to clothing or plastic surfaces, both the affected area of the body and the objects coming into contact with the area of the body, such as clothing or teeth, must be freed from the fungi.

In addition to the aforementioned local candidiasis, systemic candidiasis can also occur. These are usually found in patients with a systemic immune deficiency, especially in AIDS patients. Candida can also affect internal organs such as the lungs or kidneys.

To prevent infection by fungi and / or to prevent the adherence of fungi to surfaces, antimicrobial substances have hitherto been used which either inhibit the growth of the fungi (fungistatics), kill them (fungicides) and / or reduce the adhesion of the fungi. Frequently, non-selective antimicrobial substances are used for this, which act against both bacteria and fungi. In addition, compounds are often used which, because of the concentration in which they have to be used, have toxic properties, can lead to skin irritation or have other undesirable properties.

The use of polyene antimycotics such as amphotericin B, nystatin and natamycin and the use of azole antimycotics such as clotrimazole and ketoconazole are described in particular for the treatment of candidiasis. Corticoids, also in combination with antimycotics, are also used. Amphotericin B is particularly used as a single substance for local Candida infections. However, this is a fairly toxic substance. If Amphotericin B is used locally, itching, skin irritation and redness may occur.

Nystatin is used for superficial Candida infections of the skin and mucous membranes, especially Candida albicans, or for local rehabilitation of the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. It is also used locally as a cream and as a globule for vaginal infections. It is also used for superficial candidiasis. A problem with using nystatin, however, is that hypersensitivity reactions or sensitizations can occur. In addition, nystatin is a yellow substance that stains yellow on the skin and wash.

A further disadvantage of the use of non-selective antimicrobial substances with regard to their use as pharmaceuticals or prosthesis treatment agents is that the non-specific destruction of the microflora also destroys naturally occurring non-pathogenic microorganisms which act as a natural protective barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. In this way, the risk of reinfection of the application site, possibly also by other microorganisms, is very high.

Another disadvantage with regard to the use of non-selective antimicrobial substances with regard to their use in detergents and cleaning agents is that the biocides or biostatics used pollute the waste water and thus also impair the function of the microbial clarification stages in the sewage treatment plants.

To solve the problems mentioned above, which are associated with the toxic and non-specific antimicrobial effects of the conventionally used antimycotics, fungistatics, fungicides and biocidal substances, compounds have been described which reduce the adhesion of fungi to surfaces without being unselectively antimicrobial. Adding Famesol to Candida will make the transition to the filamentous form prevented without a fungicidal or fungistatic effect occurring (Ki-Bong Oh et al. (2001) PNAS 98, 4664-4668; JM Hornby et al. (2001), Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 2982-2992).

WO03 / 051124 describes that substances which influence the dimorphism of fungi can be used successfully to reduce the adhesion of fungi to surfaces without having non-selective antimicrobial activity, propolis extracts, plant extracts, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes in particular being usable Substances are described.

The object of the present invention was to find further substances which prevent or at least significantly reduce the adhesion of microorganisms, in particular fungi, to surfaces, in particular to biotic and abiotic surfaces.

The object of the present invention was in particular to provide further substances for the treatment of fungal diseases, in particular for the treatment of candidiasis, especially those which are less toxic than the substances used today for this purpose.

With regard to the treatment of pathogenic fungal infestation, it was in particular the object of the present invention to find further substances which reduce the infestation of human skin, mucous membrane and / or the appendages of the skin by fungi.

With regard to the treatment of fungal diseases in the oral field, it was in particular the object of the present invention to find further substances which significantly reduce the adhesion of fungi to prostheses.

With regard to a possible use in detergents, it was also an object of the present invention to find substances with which targeted Microorganisms, in particular fungi, can be removed from textile surfaces, if possible, without polluting these surfaces or the waste water produced during washing with excessively toxic active substances.

Starting from WO 03/051124, it was an object of the present invention to find substances which, after incorporation into a suitable carrier, have the anti-adhesive effect described in WO 03/051123 for a longer period of time.

Starting from WO 03/051224, it was also an object of the present invention to provide anti-adhesive substances which, because of their size and / or shape, are more suitable for use in at least some application forms than the anti-adhesive agents described in WO 03/051224 adhesive substances.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are able to very effectively reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces, the surfaces being both natural surfaces and artificial surfaces, and here can be both biotic and abiotic surfaces.

An advantage of the substances according to the invention is that they have only a very low toxicity, in particular in comparison to the conventionally used antimycotics, fungicides and fungistats. In addition, the substances according to the invention are effective in lower final concentrations than those conventionally used. For this reason, fewer side effects or allergies are to be feared. With regard to the use in a detergent, the environmental pollution is correspondingly low and the low requirement for active substance is also advantageous from a commercial point of view. In addition, the substances used according to the invention can give the corresponding products according to the invention a pleasant fragrance and, if appropriate, make additional perfume additives unnecessary.

With regard to WO 03/051124, the substances according to the invention also enable a so-called retarded re / ease effect: the active substance is provided in an inactive preform and is gradually released over time. The active form is held longer in the formulation by the carrier and simultaneously protected by it. The gradual release ensures that a longer-lasting effect is achieved, while the active free form would escape faster from the formulation due to its volatility and could also lead to an intense odor at very high concentration. Furthermore, the carrier-bound form is distinguished by the fact that, due to its physical properties, and in particular due to its size, it can be better incorporated into some formulations and fixed better on some materials than the free form of the active substance. Binding to a carrier also ensures that the toxicity of the substance is kept low when used in high concentrations.

An object of the present invention is therefore the use of substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols (hereinafter also referred to as “anti-adhesive substances” or “carrier-bound terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols”) to reduce the adhesion of fungi Surfaces, which can be both natural and artificial surfaces, and both biotic and abiotic surfaces.

By reducing the adherence is meant a significant reduction in the number of adherent fungal cells. Significant reduction is to be understood in particular as a reduction in relation to an untreated reference by more than 40%, preferably more than 60%, especially more than 80%. The adherence is particularly preferably completely or almost completely prevented.

The terms "attachment" and "adhesion" have the same meaning in the present application.

microorganisms

According to the invention, microorganisms are to be understood in particular as bacteria, fungi and viruses and algae. This includes bacterial endo- or

Exospores and spores, which serve as reproductive structures in fungi.

In a preferred embodiment, microorganisms are to be understood as bacteria and fungi. Particularly preferred fungi are yeasts, molds, dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi.

According to the invention, bacteria are to be understood in particular as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria selected from Propionibacterium acnes, Stapylococcus aureus, streptococcal group A (beta-hemolytic S.), S. pyogenes, Corynebacterium spp. (particularly C. tenuis, C. diphtheriae, C. minutissimum), Micrococcus spp. (especially M. sedentarius), Bacillus anthracis, Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. pseudomallei, Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium spp., Escherichocia spec. and Streptococcus spec. (especially S. gordonii, S. mutans), Actinomyces spec. (especially A. naeslundii), Salmonella spec, Actinobacteria (especially Brachybacterium spec), alpha-Proteobacteria (especially Agrobacterium spec), beta-Proteobacteria (especially Nitrosomonas spec), Aquabacterium spec, Hydrogenophaga, gamma-Proteobacteria, Stenotrophomonas spec, Xanthomonas spec. (campestris), Neisseria spec., Haemophilus spec. as well as all microorganisms described by Paster et al. (J. Bac 183 (2001) 12, 3770-3783). In the context of the invention, yeasts are unicellular fungi which multiply predominantly by sprouting. Yeasts do not represent an independent taxonomic category in the system of fungi. Most yeasts are systematically classified as endomycetes. In addition, sprout cell stages occur in various other fungi in the development cycle or under certain environmental conditions, which are referred to as yeast stages. Such unicellular, yeast-like growth forms occur with the Ascomycetes, but also with the Zygomycetes, Basidomycetes and Deuteromycetes. According to the invention, all of these growth forms are also to be understood as yeasts.

According to the invention, the fungi are preferably human-pathogenic fungi, in particular the human-pathogenic species of the classes Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Deuteromycota and Zygomycota; above all, they can be human-pathogenic forms of Candida.

According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the adhesion of fungi of the Candida species is reduced (hereinafter abbreviated to C.), such as. BC aasen, C. actiscondensi, C. acutus, C. agrestis, C. albicans, C. amapae, C. anatomiae, C. ancudensis, C. antarctica, C. antillancae, C. apicola, C. apis, C. aquaetextoris , C. aquatica, C. atlantica, C. atmaerica, C. auringiensis, C. azyma, C. beechii, C. benhamii, C. bertae, C. berthetii, C. blankii, C. boidinii, C. boleticola, C. bombi, C. bondarzewiae, C. brumptii, C. buffonü, C. buinensis, C. cacaoi, C. cantarellii, C. capsuligena, C. cariosilignicola, C. caseinolytica, C. castellii, C. catenulata, C. chalmersi , C. chilensis, C. chiropterorum, C. ciferii, C. claussenii, C. coipomensis, C. colliculosa, C. conglobata, C. curiosa, C. cylindracea, C. dendrica, C. dendronema, C. deserticola, C. diddensiae, C. diffluens, C. diversa, C. drymisii, C. dubliniensis, C. edax, C. entomophila, C. eremophila, C. ergatensis, C. ernobii, C. etchellsii, C. etchellsii, C. ethanolica , C. ethanothermophilum, C. evantina, C. fabianii, C. famata, C. fennica, C. flareri, C. fluviotilis, C. fragari orum, C. fragi, C. fragicola, C. frey Schussii, C. f ed chii, C. fructus, C. fusiformata, C. geochares, C. glabrata, C. glaebosa, C. graminis, C. gropengiesseri, C. guilliermondii, C. haemulonii, C. hellenica, C. heveanensis, C. holmii, C. homilentoma, C. humicola, C. humilis, C. iberica, C. incommunis, C. inconspicua, C. ingens, C. insectalens, C. insectamans, C. insectorum, C. intermedia, C. ishiwadae, C. japonica, C. javanica, C. karawaiewii, C. kefyr, C. kruisii, C. krusei, C. krusoides, C. lactiscondensi, C. lambica, C. laureliae, C. lipolytica, C llanquihuensis, C. lodderae, C. lusitaniae, C. magnoliae, C. malicola, C. maltosa, C. maris, C. maritima, C. melibiosica, C. melinii, C. membranaefaciens, C. mesenterica, C. methanosorbosa, C milleri, C. mogii , C. molischiana, C. monosa, C. montana, C. mucilaginosa, C. multis-gemmis, C. musae, C. muscorum, C. mycoderma, C. naeodendra, C. nakasei, C. nemodendra, C. nitratophila , C. norvegensis, C novakii, C. oleophila, C. oregonensis, C. palmyrana, C. paludigena, C. parapsilosis, C. pararugosa, C. pelliculosa, C. peltata, C. periphelosum, C. petrohuensis, C. pignaliae, C. pintolopesii, C. pinus, C. placentae, C. polymorpha, C. populi, C. pseudotropicalis, C. psych rophila, C. pulcherrima, C. punica, C. quercitrusa, C. quercuum, C. railenensis, C. ralunensis, C. reukaufii, C. rhagii, C. rugopelliculosa, C. rugosa, C. saitoana, C. sake, C. salmanticensis, C. santamariae, C. santjacobensis, C. savonica, C. schatavii, C. sequanensis, C. shehatae, C. silvae, C. silvanorum, C. silvicultrix, C. solani, C. sonorensis, C. sophiae-reginae, C. sorboxylosa, C. spandovensis, C. sphaerica, C. stellata, C. stellatoidea, C. succiphila, C. sydowiorum, C. tanzawaensis, C. tenuis, C. tepae, C. terebra, C. torresii, C. tropicalis, C. tsuchiyae, C. tsukubaensis, C. utilis, C. valdiviana, C. valida, C. vanderwaltii, C. vartiovaarai, C. versatilis, C. vini, C. viswanathii, C. wickerhamii, C. xestobii, C. zeylanoides.

The adhesion of the medically relevant forms of Candida, for example C. albicans, C. boidinii, C. catenulata, C. ciferii, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. haemulonii, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. lipolytica, C. lusitaniae, C. norvegensis, C. parapsilosis, C. pulcher ma, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, C. utilis, C. viswanathii. C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis are particularly preferred.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the attachment of fungi of the species Rhodotorula spp., Cryptococcus spp., Exophilia spp. , Hormoconis spp. reduced.

According to the present invention, molds are to be understood as those fungi which have their habitat in the soil, on food and / or feed or in concentrated nutrient solutions, form a typical mycelium and obtain their nutrients from organic substances which they decompose as a result (saprobionic or saprophytic way of life). Furthermore, they reproduce predominantly asexually through spores (in particular sporangiospores or conidia) and form, if at all, only very small sexual reproductive organs.

Also with regard to molds, species from the classes Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Deuteromycota and Zygomycota are to be mentioned as examples, in particular all species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Mucor as well as Stachybotrys, Phoma, Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Ulocladium, Paemocphium, Paemocylium, Paemocylium Trichoderma, Scopulariopsis, Wallemia, Botrytis, Verticillium and Chaetonium.

The Ascomycota include in particular all species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. These fungi form spores that have a strong allergy-causing potential when they come into contact with the skin or the respiratory tract. The Basidomycota includes, for example, Cryptococcus neoformans. Deuteromycota includes all genera known as molds, especially those that, due to the lack of a sexual stage, are not assigned to the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota or Zygomycota classes.

According to the invention, the adherence of all species of the Aspergillus genus to surfaces is preferably reduced, particularly preferably those species which are selected from Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus albus, Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus asperescens, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus carbonariusus, Aspergillus carne , Aspergillus chevalieh var. intermedius, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus giganteus, Aspergillus humicola, Aspergillus intermedius, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus nillillus nillulase nillulas Aspergillus ostianus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus parasiticus var. Globosus, Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus phoenicis, Aspergillus rugulosus, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Aspergillus sojae var. Gymnosardae, Aspergillus sydowillamari, thiillillilli, Aspergillus , Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus vitricolae and Aspergillus wentii. Above all, the adherence of Aspergillus flavus and Apsergillus nidulans is reduced or essentially prevented.

Keratinophilic fungi are to be understood as those skin and / or hair fungi that grow in horny skin and its appendages (in particular hair and / or nails). In particular, this includes dermatophytes and all species of the genus Malassezia. According to the invention, dermatophytes are to be understood in particular to mean all species of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.

The keratinophilic mushroom Malassezia, a yeast, is considered to cause increased scaling of the skin, for example on the head (dandruff). This organism is also considered to trigger the skin disease pityriasis versicolor. It is therefore particularly advantageous to reduce or substantially prevent the adhesion of Malassezia, in particular that of the species M. furfur (also known under the name Pityrosporum ovale), M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis and / or M. globosa ,

According to a preferred embodiment, the keratinophilic fungi are selected from Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. asteroides, T. concentrium, T. equinum, T. meginii, T. gallinae, T. tonsurans, T. schoenleinii, T. terrestre, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audounü, M. gypseum, Epidermophyton flossocum, Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, M. globosa and M. pachydermatis.

According to the invention, dermatophytes are to be understood in particular as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T rubrum, T. asteroides, T. concent um, T equinum, T. meginii, T. gallinae, T. tonsurans, T. schoenleinii, T. terrestre, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audounii, M. gypseum and Epidermophyton flossocum.

According to a further embodiment, the adherence of algae, of human, animal and / or phytopathogenic viruses and of bacteriophages is reduced.

Algae are single to multicellular, differently colored, primarily photoautotrophic plants or photoautotrophic bacteria of mostly thallophytic organization, the gametes and spore-forming organs of which are generally unicellular and possibly have envelopes made of sterile cells. Algae are differentiated according to their pigment composition into green, red, blue and brown algae, whereby green and blue algae on facades and building materials are particularly relevant. The relevant representatives of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) are from the genera Anabaena, Anacystis, e.g. Anacystis montana, Gloeocapsa, Lyngbia, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, e.g. Oscillatoria lutea, Phormidium, Schiszothrix and Scytonema. Genera of the green algae (Chlorophyta) are for example Chlorella, Choricystis, Chlamydomonas, Chlorococcum, Stichcoccus, esp. Stichcoccus bacillaris, Ulothrix and Trentepholia, esp. Trentepholia odorata. According to the invention, the adherence of algae to surfaces in particular in very damp rooms and aquariums, but also on surfaces that are exposed to the weather, such as Building materials, including in particular sealants or seals, can be reduced by the use of nonionic surfactants.

Substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols

For the purposes of the invention, release is to be understood when the terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols slowly from those to be used according to the invention Substances are formed or released. This can be done in particular by means of an equilibrium between the bound and free form of the terpenes and / or perfume alcohols or by bond cleavage, in particular hydrolysis of covalent bonds.

In the context of the present invention, the term “fragrance alcohols” is understood to mean fragrances which have one or more, preferably one or two, hydroxyl groups which are esterifiable or esterified, regardless of how the molecule is further structured. This means that salicylic acid esters can also be used as fragrance alcohols. All combinations of geometric isomers are suitable. It is also possible to use esters of these compounds, for example anethole (1-methoxy-4- (1-propenylbenzene) or linalyl acetate.

Perfume alcohols with one or two free hydroxyl groups are particularly preferably used. From the large group of fragrance alcohols, which also include the terpene alcohols (which are described in more detail below), preferred representatives with at least one free hydroxyl group can be named, so that in the context of the present invention, preference is given to: 10-undecen-1-ol , 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, 2-methylbutanol, 2-methylpentanol, 2-phenylpropanol, 2-tert-butycyclohexanol, 3,5,5-

Trimethylcyclohexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol, 3-octanol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-heptenol, 4-isopropylcyclohexanol, 4-tert-butycyclohexanol, 6,8-dimethyl-2-nonanol, 6-non- 1-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol, 1-hydroxy-4- (1-propenylbenzene), amyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, butyl salicylate, citronellols, cyclohexyl salicylate, decanol, dihydromyrcenol, dimethyl dimethyl benzyl alcohol, dimethyl dimethyl benzyl Ethyl salicylate, ethylvanilin, eugenol, heptanol, hexylsalicylate, isoeugenol, isopulegol, menthol, myrtenol, n-hexanol, nerol, nonanol, octanol, para-menthan-7-ol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylsalicylate, tetrahydroydrolol-olanol, tetrahydroydrolol, tetrahydro cis-6-nonadicnol, trans-2-nonen-1-ol, trans-2-octenol, undecanol, cinnamon alcohol. Eugenol and its derivatives, 1-hydroxy-4- (1-propenylbenzene), isoeugenol, citronellols, menthol, for example, are preferred. According to the invention, terpenes are understood to mean all natural products and derivatives built up from isoprene units. For example, farnesol, patchouli alcohol, squalene, geraniol are preferred.

According to the invention, according to a particular embodiment, terpenes are to be understood in particular as mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes. Acyclic, monocyclic and / or bicyclic as well as higher cyclic mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes can be used.

The derivatives of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes or diterpenes are understood to mean, for example, alcohols, such as, for example, farnesol and their ethers, acids, such as, for example, farnesolic acid, and mono-, sesqui or diterpenes bearing their esters and other functional groups. All combinations of geometric isomers are suitable. This also includes α-Farnesen (3,7,11-trimethyl-1, 3,6,10-dodecatetraene) as well as ß-Farnesen (7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1, 6,10-dodecatriene) and nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1, 6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) as well as patchoulial alcohol, bisabolene, sesquiphellandrene, zingiberene, cadine, caryophyllene (especially α-caryophyllene (humulene) and ß-caryophyllene), aryl-Tumeron , Tumeron, Xanthorrhizol, Vulgar and ß-Selinen. Examples of monoterpenes are α- and β-ocimene, linalool, linalyl acetate, borneole, isoborneole, carene, terpineole, p-mentadiene, limonene, nerol, nerolic acid, geraniol, geranic acid, α- and β-phellandrene and / or thujone, Geraniol, linalool and / or thujone are particularly preferred. Geranylgeraniol (3,7,11, 15-tetramethyl-2, 6, 10,14-hexadecatetraen-1-ol) and its isomers and derivatives may be mentioned as an example of the diterpenes.

Plant extracts which contain fragrance alcohols and / or terpenes, in particular mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes, for example geranium oil, rose oil, patchouli oil, spruce needle oil, orange oil, orange blossom oil, lavender oil, lime oil, jasmine oil, peppermint oil, basil oil, can likewise preferably be used. Citronell oil, cypress oil, cedar leaf oil, cedarwood oil, Coriander oil, rosewood oil, thyme oil, allspice oil, ginger oil or clove oil, in particular patchouli oil, clove oil, cypress oil, cedarwood oil and / or anise oil.

According to a preferred embodiment, the mono-, sesqui and / or diterpenes to be released are selected from geraniol, citronellol, farnesol and patchouli alcohol. These substances show a particularly good inhibitory effect on the asexual multiplication of fungi, so that a particularly good effect without fungistatic or fungicidal effects can be observed with little use of active ingredient.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the terpenes to be released are selected from terpene alcohols, that is to say those terpenes, preferably mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes which carry a free hydroxyl group. Citronellols, geraniol, farnesol and patchouli alcohol are particularly preferred.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the fragrance alcohols are selected from eugenol, cinnamon alcohol and anethole, in particular eugenol.

According to a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from silicic acid esters of fragrance alcohols and / or terpenes, in particular terpene alcohols.

The silicic acid esters can be produced in particular by simple transesterification of silicic acid esters (n = 1) or oligosilicic acid esters (n> 1) of lower alcohols with fragrance and / or terpene alcohols, both individual fragrance and / or terpene alcohols and mixtures thereof being used can be. Depending on the reaction time and conditions, the lower alcohols are split off and the fragrance or terpene alcohols are bound, the alcohols along the Si-O-Si chain being exchanged more easily than the terminal alcohols. According to the invention, particular preference is given to using silicic acid esters according to one of the formulas (I) or (II) and / or mixtures thereof.

O-R

R- [O-Si] _n -OR (I)

O-R and

wherein at least one R is selected from the group consisting of terpene alcohol residues and fragrance alcohol residues, and all other R are independently selected from the group consisting of H, the straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C-ι- ₆ hydrocarbon residues, the terpene alcohol residues, the fragrance alcohol residues and polymers, and m values from the range 1 to 20 and n values from the range 1 to 100.

According to a further preferred embodiment, at least two or three radicals R are selected from the group of the terpene alcohol radicals and / or fragrance alcohol radicals.

The degrees of oligomerization "n" of the silicic acid esters according to the invention are between 1 and 20. In preferred compounds, n takes values between 1 and 15, preferably between 1 and 12 and in particular between 1 and 10, with particular preference for the values 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 , on. Particularly preferred Oligosilicic acid esters can therefore be described by the formulas III, IV, V, VI and VII:

RR ² R 2 ^" R 2 ^' "

O O O O

R -O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-OR ⁴ (III)

O O O O

R ³ R ³ R ^{3 "} R ^3"

R ² R ² R ² R ^{2 '"} R ²

O O O O O

R'-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-OR ⁴ (IV)

O O O O O

R ³ R ^{3 '} R ^{3 "} R ^3" R ^3'

R ² R ^{2 '} R ² R ^{2 "} R ² R ^{2 #} OOOOOO

RO-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-OR ⁴ (V)

O O O O O O

R ³ R ^J R, 3 ^J "R ^J R ^J 3 '" R, 3 #

RRR ^z R ι2 ^z 'R ^z R 2 ^Z # ^H R, 2 ##

O O O O O O O

RO-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-OR ⁴ (VI)

O O O O O O O

R ³ R ^{3 '} R ^{3 "} R ^3'" R ^{3 ""} R ³ R ^{3 ##}

R ² RR ^{2 "} R ^{2 '} R ^2"" R ² * R ^{2 ## 2 ###}

O O O O O O O O

R'-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-Si-OR ⁴ (VII)

O O O O O O O O

R ³ R ³ R ³ R ³ R ³ R ^{3 #} R ³ * ^# Ώ ^###

In the formulas III to VII, the radicals R ² , R ^{2 '} , R ^{2 "} , R ^2" , R ^{2 "} , R ^{2 #} , R ^{2 ##} , R ^{2 #} , R ³ , R ^3' , R ^{3 '} , R ^3'" , R ^3"" , R ³ *, R ³ ** and R ³ *** each derived from one and the same terpene and / or fragrance alcohol or from different ones Fragrance alcohols originate. In the latter case, mixtures of various terpene and / or fragrance alcohols are used in the transesterification, and mixed oligosilicic acid esters in which the radicals R ² , R ^{2 '} , R are obtained, depending on the quantitative ratios of the terpene and / or fragrance alcohols used ^{2 "} , R ^2" , R ^{2 ""} , R ^{2 #} , R ^{2 ##} , R ^{2 ##} *, R ³ , R ³ , R ^{3 "} , R ^3" , R ^{3 ""} , R ^{3 #} , R ^{3 ##} and R ^{3 ###} can be different from each other.

Although a wide variety of esters can be prepared in this way, it can be preferred within the scope of the present invention to produce completely transesterified oligosilicic acid esters which are based only on a single fragrance alcohol or terpene alcohol, ie that the radicals R to R ^{4 are} identical, that is to say the same Perfume or terpene alcohol.

Eugenol, citronellols, patchouli alcohol, farnesol and geraniol are particularly preferred as fragrance or terpene alcohol residues.

Since the starting compounds for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention are preferably not pure substances for economic reasons, but rather technical mixtures of silicas or silicic acid esters of lower alcohols with different degrees of oligomerization, the distribution of the degrees of oligomerization can also be found in the esters according to the invention. Mixtures of the fragrance and / or terpene alcohols, e.g. the corresponding plant extracts and / or fragrance oils, as already described, can also be used. The compounds indicated in the formulas III to VII are individual species which preferably occur in large quantities in industrial mixtures of the silicic acid esters according to the invention. However, the mixtures of the compounds mentioned and thus broken degrees of oligomerization can also be used according to the invention.

The silicic acid esters used according to the invention are notable for good hydrolysis stability and can also be used in aqueous media or in production processes for granules, sealing compounds, etc., without suffering excessive losses in activity. The release of terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols from the substances according to the invention takes place slowly and in comparatively small amounts, so that a non-fungicidal or fungistatic concentration of the terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols is continuously released from the products over a longer period of time.

According to a further embodiment, the C ₆ hydrocarbon radicals are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, / i-butyl, / so-butyl and tert-butyl.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, one or more polymer residues can be located on the silicic acid esters. Polymers which contain free hydroxyl groups are preferably used for the preparation of the silicic acid esters. In particular, the polymer radical (s) are selected from starch and / or its derivatives, cellulose and / or its derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyols, hydroxypolydimethylsiloxanes (very particularly α, ω-dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxanes) and polyphenols, in particular polyvinyl alcohol. In particular, it is preferred if there is a polymer residue on the silicic acid esters carrying the fragrance and / or terpene alcohol. For use in sealants, it is particularly preferred to use rather short-chain polymers.

This special embodiment has the advantage that, depending on the area of application, the silicic acid esters can be individually adapted to the intended use or the circumstances. For example, such polymers are particularly suitable for improving the incorporation of the substances, increasing the adhesion, in particular to surfaces, and influencing the release properties of the terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols as desired.

According to a further particular embodiment, the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from esters of terpene alcohols and / or fragrance alcohols with polymers. These substances also have better adaptability to the intended use, for example better mounting or adhesion to surfaces or more favorable conditions for the Incorporation. The hydrolysis of this ester bond, e.g. B. repeated contact with water slowly releases the active ingredients, which can then inhibit the asexual reproduction of fungi.

Such substances are particularly preferably carried out by reacting the terpene alcohols and / or fragrance alcohol with those polymers which carry functional groups which are selected in particular from acid groups, acid chloride groups, ester groups, primary, secondary and tertiary amide groups.

According to the invention, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid esters, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid esters,

Polycarboxylic acids (especially carboxymethyl cellulose) and copolymers of the underlying monomer (also with monomers other than those mentioned) and primary, secondary or tertiary polyacrylamides are used. Chain lengths of approximately 2000 to 300000 g / mol are particularly preferred.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from polymers which are formed by reacting terpene alcohols and / or fragrance alcohols with monomers or polymers which carry one or more isocyanate groups. The urethanes resulting from the reaction of an alcohol function with an isocyanate group also hydrolyze slowly and release the active ingredient in a controlled manner.

The use of monomeric aliphatic or aromatic mono-, di- and / or triisocyanates with terpene and / or fragrance alcohols is preferred. The resulting urethanes or polyurethanes (when using isocyanates with several isocyanate groups) can also hydrolyze and slowly release the active ingredients.

Examples of the monoisocyanates are the linear or branched aliphatic monoisocyanates having 6 to 44 carbon atoms, for example Hexyl isocyanate, heptyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, nonyl isocyanate, decyl isocyanate, undecyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, tridecyl isocyanate, quater decyl isocyanate, pentadecyl isocyanate, hexadecyl isocyanate, heptadecyl isocyanate,

Octadecyl isocyanate and the corresponding higher homologues of this series are preferred. Aromatic monoisocyanates such as phenyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate or biphenyl isocyanate are also preferred.

Particularly preferred diisocyanates (Q (NCO) ₂ ) are those in which Q is selected from an aliphatic, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical with 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, an aromatic, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical with 6 to about 15 carbon atoms or one optionally substituted araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to about 15 carbon atoms. Examples include tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate,

Dimer fatty acid diisocyanate, 1, 4-diisocyanato-cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane (IPDI), 4,4 ^{'-Diisocyanato-} dicyclohexylmethyl, ^4,4' -Diisocyanatodicyclohexylpropan-2,2 , 1, 3- and 1, 4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene or mixtures thereof, 2,2 ^' -, 2,4 or 4,4 ^' -diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate and mixtures consisting of these compounds.

Toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and meta-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate are particularly preferred.

The most suitable triisocyanates here are aromatic triisocyanates such as, for example, the tris (p-isocyanato-phenyl ester), the triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate and in particular the various isomeric trifunctional homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

Also suitable as triisocyanates are adducts of diisocyanates and low molecular weight triols, in particular the adducts of aromatic diisocyanates and triols such as trimethylolpropane or glycerol. With these adducts, the above restrictions apply Diisocyanate content and the content of polyisocyanates with a functionality> 3.

Aliphatic triisocyanates such as the biuretization product of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or the isocyanuration product of HDI or the same trimerization products of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) are also suitable for the compositions according to the invention.

Polyisocyanates are the dimerization or trimerization products of the diisocyanates already mentioned as preferred. Examples of suitable isocyanates are the dimerization or trimerization products of the diisocyanates 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), or a mixture of the isomers mentioned, 2,2'- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,2'-MDI), 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 1 , 4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,3-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), hydrogenated MDI (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate-1,6, (HDI), 2-isocyanatopropylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPCI), 2-butyl-2-ethyl-pentam (BEPDI), lysine diisocyanate (LDI), 1, 12-dodecyl diisocyanate, cyclohexyl-1, 3- or -1, 4-diisocyanate, 2-

Methyl pentamethylene diisocyanate (MPDI) or the like, for example containing urethane, allophanate, urea, biuret, uretidone, carbidiimide or ketonimine groups as they result from dimerization or trimerization of the above-mentioned diisocyanates. Compounds which carry oligomeric or polymeric isocyanate groups are particularly suitable, such as are obtained, for example, in the production of isocyanates or remain as residual products in the distillation bottoms in the distillation of crude isocyanate products. Examples of materials which are particularly suitable in this connection are raw MDI, as can be obtained directly after the production of MDI, and polymer MDI, as it remains in the distillation bottoms after the distillation of MDI from the raw MDI.

It is preferred to add a corresponding amount of terpene and / or fragrance alcohol to the monomers and thus to produce corresponding monomers. In this way, substances can be produced which, depending on the monomers used (monoisocyanates, diisocyanates, triisocyanates or polyisocyanates) carry one or more, in particular one, two or three, terpene and / or fragrance alcohol residues. It is also possible to produce a polymer chain with terminal terpene and / or fragrance alcohol residues via a polymerization reaction.

Such monomers or polymers can be used, for example, in sealants directly in the cartridge or in a separate compartment as additives. Likewise, the corresponding terpene and / or fragrance alcohols can also be added directly to the monomers of the sealants during the production of the sealants, in particular those based on urethane. The use of the reaction products of mono-, di- and / or triisocyanates with terpene and / or fragrance alcohols in sealants is particularly preferred.

Suitable chain extenders which can additionally be used in the course of a polymerization reaction to prepare the substances to be used according to the invention are, for example, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 4, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, Glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol or glucose. Low molecular weight polyester diols such as succinic acid, glutaric acid or adipic acid bis (hydroxyethyl) esters, or a mixture of two or more thereof, or low molecular weight diols containing ether groups, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol or tetrapropylene glycol, can also be used be used. Amines such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine, IPDA), 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 1, 4 are also suitable -Diaminocyclohexane, 1, 2-diaminopropane, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, amino acid hydrazides such as 2-aminoacetic acid hydrazide or bis-hydrazides such as succinic acid bishydrazide. The use of tri- or higher functional compounds in the sense of an isocyanate polyaddition reaction in small amounts Proportions are possible to achieve a certain degree of branching, as is the possible use of trifunctional or higher-functional polyisocyanates for the same purpose. Monohydric alcohols such as n-butanol or n-dodecanol and stearyl alcohol can also be used in small quantities.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from cage molecules which are loaded with terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols.

In the context of the invention, cage molecules are to be understood in particular to mean those organic macrocyclic molecules which have a cage-like, spatial structure and are capable of including one or more so-called guest molecules as so-called host molecules. Only one guest molecule is preferably included in each case.

The targeted, slow release of the terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols suitable for inhibiting the asexual reproduction of fungi can also take place via equilibrium from a (often non-covalent) bond or by complexing a terpene and / or fragrance alcohol from a cage molecule.

The incorporation of these compounds into the products according to the invention, in particular those with a more hydrophobic character, is particularly good owing to the rather hydrophobic outer shell of the cage substances.

A particularly great advantage of using cage molecules is that it is possible to recharge the diffusing out terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols in the products after a long time.

The use in joint sealants is particularly suitable, since the corresponding cage molecules can be used there without any special circumstances either by means of appropriate agents and also by detergents which contain the free terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols, above all because of the fragrance again with free terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols. In particular, concentrated solutions of the active substances mentioned or also the vegetable oils and extracts which contain these active substances are suitable for restoring the corresponding load. It can therefore also be preferred to produce products which do not contain the free active compounds from the outset in a complex or bound manner in the cage molecules, but rather are loaded by them only in the application situation. In terms of formulation, the fields of application known to the person skilled in the art make sense.

Cucurbiturils, calixarenes, calixresorcarenes, cyclodextrins, cyclophanes, crown ethers, fullerenes, cryptophanes, carcerands, hemicarcerands, cyclotriveratrylenes, spherands and cryptands may be mentioned as organic cage molecules.

According to the invention, the cucurbiturils, calixarenes and calixresorcarenes are particularly preferred, very particularly cucurbiturils.

Cucurbiturils and their preparation are described in the literature, for example in WO 00/68232 and EP-A 1 094 065 and the other literature cited therein. A cucurbituril which can be used in the sense of the invention is to be understood in principle as any substance which is described in the literature as belonging to this class of compound. The cucurbiturils and substituted cucurbiturils described in WO 00/68232 and the cucurbituril derivatives described in EP-A 1 094 065 are included here by definition. Instead of a uniform cucurbituril, substituted cucurbituril or cucurbituril derivative, mixtures of two or more such compounds can also be used. Insofar as the following text refers to a cucurbituril and is not expressly stated otherwise, it is to be understood in the same way as a chemically uniform cucurbituril or also a mixture of two or more cucurbiturils, substituted cucurbiturils and / or cucurbituril derivatives. Accordingly, unless expressly stated otherwise, amounts of cucurbiturils always relate to the total amount of the one or more cucurbiturils, substituted cucurbiturils and / or cucurbituril derivatives. For the purposes of the present invention, cucurbit [n] uriles of ring size 5 to 11 and mixtures thereof are preferred, with cucurbit [6] uril and mixtures with a predominant proportion of cucurbit [6] uril being particularly preferred.

Calix [n] arenes corresponding to formula (VIII) can also be used.

in which

Ri is selected from Ri = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ^' , -NH ₂ , -NHR ^' , -NR ^' R ^" , NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , NO ₂ , halogen, S0 ₃ H, SO ₃ M (M = alkali metals, alkaline earth metals), carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, -SO ₂ NH ₂ , - S0 ₂ NHR, -SO ₂ NR ^' R ^" , -SO ₂ halogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon-containing groups.

and

R _{2 is} selected from R ₂ = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and also substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ^' , -NH ₂ , -NHR ^' , -NR ^' R ", -NR ^' R ^" R ^"+ , -N0 ₂ , halogen, -SO ₃ H, - SO ₃ M (M = alkali metals, alkaline earth metals), carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, -SO ₂ NH ₂ , -SO ₂ NHR ^' , -SO ₂ NR ^' R ^" , -SO ₂ halogen, sulfur, phosphorus -, or silicon-containing groups,

where R ^' , R ^" , R ^{'" are} independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyls, aryls, alkenyls, alkynyls

Preferred are calixarenes according to formula (VIII) for which:

Ri is selected from Ri = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ^' , -NH ₂ , -NHR ^' , -NR ^' R ^" , NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , NO ₂ , halogen, SO ₃ H, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, -SO ₂ NR ^' R ^" .

and

R _{2 is} selected from R ₂ = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and also substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ^' , -NH ₂ , -NR ^' R ^" , -NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , -NO ₂ , halogen, -SO ₃ H, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, -SO ₂ NR ^' R ^" .

where R ^' , R ^" , R ^' " are independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene.

For the purposes of the present invention, preference is given to calix [n] arenes of ring size n = 4 to 12, and mixtures thereof, with calix [6] - and / or calix [4] arenes and mixtures with a predominant proportion of calix [6] - and / or Calix [4] arenes are particularly preferred.

In addition, calix [n] resorcarenes, also known as resorcinarenes, can be used according to formula IX. N indicates the number of chain links and can be 4 or 6.

where R i _, R ₂ and R _{3 are} selected from:

R-ι = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR, -NH ₂ , -NHR ^' , - NR ^' R ^" , NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , -NO ₂ , halogen, SO ₃ H, SO ₃ M (M = alkali metals, alkaline earth metals), carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, SO ₂ NH ₂ , SO ₂ NHR , SO ₂ NR ₂ , SO ₂ halogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon-containing groups

and

R ₂ , R _{3 are} independently selected from R ₂ , R ₃ = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR , -NH ₂ , -NHR, NR'R ^" , NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , -N0 ₂ , halogen, -SO ₃ H, -SO ₃ M (M = alkali metals, alkaline earth metals), carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes , Amides, esters, -SO ₂ NH ₂ , -S0 ₂ NHR, - SO ₂ NR ₂ , -SO ₂ halogen, groups containing sulfur, phosphorus, silicon,

and wherein R ^' , R ^" , R ^{'" are} independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene.

Calix [4] resorcarene and / or Calix [6] resorcarene according to the formula are preferred (IX), for which it holds that

Ri is selected from Ri = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ', -NH ₂ , -NHR ^' , -NR ^' R ^" , NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , NO ₂ , halogen, SO ₃ H, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, -S0 ₂ NR ^' R".

and

R ₂ , R _{3 are} independently selected from R ₂ , R ₃ = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, which carry groups which are selected from -OH, -OR ^' , -NH ₂ , -NR ^' R ^" , -NR ^' R ^" R ^'"+ , -NO ₂ , halogen, -SO ₃ H, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amides, esters, - SO ₂ NR ^' R ^" ,

where R ^' , R ^" , R ^{'" are} independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and substituted alkylene, arylene, alkenylene, alkynylene.

In particular, it is preferred if R ₂ = R ₃ , ie R ₂ and R _{3 represent} the same substituents.

Particularly preferred guest molecules with the cage compounds mentioned are eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, patchouli alcohol and anethole or the plant extracts containing these substances (in particular oils, for example patchouli, anise or clove oil) as terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols.

According to a particular embodiment, the substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are used in such concentrations that the final concentration of the released components is not fungicidal (fungus-killing) or fungistatic (fungus-growth-inhibiting). A particular advantage of this embodiment is that the risk of developing resistance to the substances used is relatively low since the fungi are neither killed nor killed Growth are inhibited. These minimum inhibitory concentrations can easily be determined in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.

According to a further embodiment, substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are present in an amount of up to 50% by weight, preferably in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight and in particular in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight. -%.

The concentrations that lead to the desired result in the end product are significantly lower than those given, since dilutions have to be taken into account for many products. For detergents, for example, a dilution factor (ratio of detergent concentrate: water) from 1:20 to 1: 200 must be expected. The dilution ratio for detergents is often between 1:60 and 1:100, for example 1:80. In the finished application solution, concentrations of 0.0001 to 5% by weight in particular show a particularly good anti-adhesion effect. 0.001 to 2% by weight, for example 0.1% by weight, is preferably used.

According to a preferred embodiment, the substances according to the invention are used in such final concentrations that they do not have a toxic effect. A particular advantage of the invention is that the compounds used according to the invention need only be present in low concentrations so that the adherence of the fungi to surfaces is reduced or essentially prevented entirely.

The concentrations that lead to the desired result in the end product may also be significantly lower than those specified, since dilutions have to be taken into account for many products. For detergents, for example, a dilution factor (ratio of detergent concentrate: water) from 1:20 to 1: 200 must be expected. The dilution ratio for detergents is often between 1:60 and 1:100, for example 1:80. The biotic surfaces which can be treated according to the invention with the anti-adhesive substances can be, in particular, the skin, especially the human skin. In addition to the skin itself, the term skin also includes the mucous membrane and the appendages of the skin.

The abiotic surfaces that can be treated according to the invention with the anti-adhesive substances can be, in particular, textiles, ceramics, metals, filter media, building materials, construction aids, furs, paper, skins, leather and / or plastics and / or Surfaces that often come into contact with the human body. The surfaces can in particular be laundry, prostheses or dentures. The textiles can primarily be sensitive textiles, for example silk, microfiber or synthetic fabrics. The objects can furthermore be catheters or other medical devices made of plastic or metals. For the use according to the invention, the active ingredients can be added or incorporated in particular to detergents and / or cleaning agents, to cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions and in particular to oral or dental care products.

The present invention furthermore relates to the use of substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols for the production of medicaments for the treatment of fungal infections.

The present invention further relates to compositions, preparations and materials which contain and / or are coated or equipped with substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols.

The compositions, preparations and / or materials according to the invention can in particular be cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations, detergents, cleaning agents,

Textile treatment agent, rinse aid, hand wash,

Hand dishwashing liquid, machine dishwashing liquid, filter media, adhesives, Sealing compounds, packaging, building materials, building aids, textiles, furs, paper, skins and leather as well as agents for finishing or treating surfaces, building materials, sealing compounds, filter media, building aids, ceramics, plastics, metals, textiles, furs, paper, skins, leather or Packagings.

Pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations

The anti-adhesive substances according to the invention can in particular be contained in pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations for oral, peroral (e.g. sublingual), topical, enteral, parenteral (e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or intravenous) or rectal application. For the use of the compounds according to the invention as medicaments, they are preferably brought into the form of a pharmaceutical preparation which, in addition to the active substance, contains suitable carriers, auxiliaries and / or additives for the particular form of application and, if appropriate, further active substances.

The anti-adhesive substances according to the invention are preferably present in the preparations in amounts of up to 3% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 0.05 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 1% by weight. The dosage of the active ingredients can vary depending on the mode of administration, age and weight of the patient, type and severity of the disease to be treated and similar factors.

The application can be in particular orally or sublingually as a solid in the form of capsules or tablets or as a liquid in the form of solutions, tinctures, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols or emulsions or vaginally or rectally in the form of globules or suppositories or in the form of optionally also subcutaneously intramuscularly or intravenous injection solutions. Topical or intrathecal application are also possible.

For administration via the enteral route, the pharmaceutical preparations can be in the form of tablets, capsules, dragees, syrups, suspensions, solutions, powders, granules or emulsions, for example. For administration by the parenteral route, the preparations can be in the form of solutions or suspensions for perfusion or injection, in particular, the active compounds according to the invention can be present as aqueous solutions in polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil. For administration by the rectal route, the preparations can be in the form of suppositories, for example.

For the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations, the active ingredients, optionally in combination with other active substances, together with one or more inert customary carriers and / or diluents, for. B. with gelatin, gum arabic, corn starch, milk sugar, cane sugar, sorbitol, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, citric acid, tartaric acid, water, benzyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol, water / ethanol, water / glycerin, water / sorbitol, water / polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol , Titanium dioxide, a cellulose derivative such as Incorporate carboxymethyl cellulose or fatty substances such as hard fat, talc or vegetable oils or their suitable mixtures into conventional galenical preparations such as tablets, dragees, capsules, powders, suspensions, drops, ampoules, juices or suppositories. If necessary, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers or salts for changing the osmotic pressure or buffers can also be present. Surface-active auxiliaries such as salts of bile acids or animal or vegetable phospholipids, but also mixtures thereof and liposomes or their components can also be used as carriers.

In addition to the active substances according to the invention, the pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations according to the invention can also contain, for example, further anti-adhesion active substances, for example those as described in WO 03/051124. Furthermore, the active compounds according to the invention can be used in combination with antimicrobial, in particular antibacterial, antifungal and / or antiseptic active compounds and / or in combination with astringent substances. The antifungal agents are preferably those which are usually already used for the treatment of fungal infections, in particular in the case of candidiasis. These can be, in particular, antifungals of the polyene type, especially nystatin, amphotecin B or natamycin, and / or antifungals of the azole type, especially miconazole, clotrimazole or ketoconazole. The combination of other antimycotic active ingredients can accelerate the removal of the fungi if necessary, a synergistic effect preferably occurring. When using anti-microbial agents, these can advantageously be used in lower concentrations than is customary in the previous treatment.

The astringent substances can in particular be aluminum salts, phenol condensation products (artificial tannins), natural substances and drugs containing tannins.

Thus, for example, an "external" focus remedy for candidiasis by anti-adhesive substances according to the invention can also be carried out in combination with nystatin or amphotericin B, in particular in the area of sigma (coated tablets), the oral mucosa (suspension, adhesive ointment) and the vulva (globules). For systemic treatment, ketoconazole can also be used for a short time. In addition or alternatively, a drying treatment (powder, pastes, shake mixes, linen strips between skin folds), as well as an initial short-term production of an intact horny layer using corticoids or an "artificial" horny layer using astringents can take place, the anti-adhesive substances according to the invention here can also be added.

For local therapy in the area of the mucous membrane, in particular in the case of mucosal necrosis, brushing can be carried out with an aqueous solution of the anti-adhesive substances according to the invention which additionally contains pyoctanine (0.5-1 %) can contain. Alternatively, a combination treatment of anti-adhesive substances according to the invention with borax glycerol is also conceivable.

In the vaginal area, for example, the application can be in the form of a cream or in the form of globules, which may also contain azole antimycotics, in particular clotrimazole, in addition to the antiadhesive substances according to the invention.

For the prophylactic treatment or aftertreatment, an active ingredient-free powder and disinfectant creams can be used, which can also contain the anti-adhesive substances according to the invention.

A combination treatment (with antifungals and / or corticoids) can be carried out in the acute initial stage if necessary, especially in the case of secondary or simultaneous candida colonization of eczema or psoriasis, especially in the intertriginous area.

Skin treatment agents

In an embodiment which is particularly preferred according to the invention, the pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations are those for topical application to the skin and its appendages and / or for application to the mucous membrane, in particular in the oral or genital area or for intertriginous application. In the following, these preparations are also called skin treatment agents.

The skin treatment agent can in particular be a lotion, a cream, an ointment, a paste, an oil, a gel, a powder, a spray or aerosol, a solution, in particular an alcoholic solution or tincture, or a moist one Dressing, an occlusion dressing, a plaster, a stick preparation, a hair treatment or hair care product, in particular a hair shampoo, a hair lotion, a hair treatment or a hair tonic, a bubble bath, a shower bath or a foot bath. The physiological carrier of the skin treatment compositions preferably comprises one or more auxiliaries, as are usually used in such preparations, such as fats, oils, superfatting agents, waxes, silicones, emulsifiers, dispersants, pearlescent waxes, alcohols, polyols, consistency agents, stabilizers, thickeners, swelling agents , Hydrotropic or moisturizing and / or moisturizing substances, polymers, surfactants, plasticizers, foam retardants, alkalizing or acidifying agents, softeners, adsorbents, light stabilizers, electrolytes, sequestering agents, organic solvents, preservatives, germ-inhibiting active ingredients, in particular fungicides or bactericides, antioxidants, biogens Active ingredients, vitamins, protein hydrolyzates, mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, enzyme inhibitors, in particular MMP1-inhibiting substances, deodorants or odor absorbers, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, α-hydroxy and α-keto carboxylic acids, fragrance Fe, dyes and / or pigments.

In particular, at least one plant extract can be contained in the skin treatment agent according to the invention. The plant extract can be produced, for example, by extraction of the entire plant, but also exclusively by extraction from flowers and / or leaves and / or seeds and / or other parts of the plant. According to the invention, the extracts from the meristem, i.e. the divisible educational tissue of the plants, and the extracts from special plants such as green tea, witch hazel, chamomile, marigold, pansy, peony, aloe vera, horse chestnut, sage, willow bark, cinnamon tree (cinnamon tree ), Chrysanthemums, oak bark, nettle, hops, burdock root, horsetail, white dome, linden flowers, almonds, spruce needles, sandalwood, juniper, coconut, kiwi, guava, lime, mango, apricot, wheat, melon, orange, grapefruit, avocado, rosemary Birch, beech sprouts, mallow, cuckoo flower, yarrow, quendel, thyme, lemon balm, common hake, marshmallow (Althaea), mallow (Malva sylvestris), violet, black currant leaves, coltsfoot, quintuple herb, ginseng, ginger root and vegetable root extract and sweet potato. Algae extracts can also be used to advantage. The algae extracts used according to the invention come from green algae, brown algae, red algae or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). The algae used for the extraction can be of natural origin as well as obtained through biotechnological processes and, if desired, can be changed from the natural form. The organisms can be changed genetically, by breeding or by cultivation in media enriched with selected nutrients. Preferred algae extracts come from seaweed, blue-green algae, from the green algae Codium tomentosum and from the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus. A particularly preferred algae extract comes from blue-green algae of the Spirulina species, which were cultivated in a magnesium-enriched medium.

The extracts from spirulina, green tea, aloe vera, meristem, witch hazel, apricot, marigold, guava, sweet potato, lime, mango, kiwi, cucumber, mallow, marshmallow and violet are particularly preferred. The agents according to the invention can also contain mixtures of several, in particular two, different plant extracts.

For example, water, alcohols and mixtures thereof can be used as extractants for the production of the plant extracts mentioned. Among the alcohols, lower alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, but especially polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol are preferred, both as the sole extracting agent and in a mixture with water. Plant extracts based on water / propylene glycol in a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 have proven to be particularly suitable. According to the invention, steam distillation is one of the preferred extraction processes. However, the extraction can optionally also take the form of dry extraction.

According to the invention, the plant extracts can be used both in pure and in diluted form. If they are used in diluted form, they usually contain about 2 to 80% by weight of active substance and, as a solvent, the extractant or extractant mixture used in their extraction. Depending on the choice of extracting agent, it may be preferred to stabilize the plant extract by adding a solubilizer. Suitable solubilizers are, for. B. Ethoxylation products of optionally hardened vegetable and animal oils. Preferred solubilizers are ethoxylated mono-, di- and triglycerides of C _8-22 fatty acids with 4 to 50 ethylene oxide units, for. B. hydrogenated ethoxylated castor oil, olive oil ethoxylate, almond oil ethoxylate, mink oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol caprylic / - / capric acid glycerides, polyoxyethylene glycerol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene glycol coconut fatty acid glycerides.

Furthermore, it may be preferred to use mixtures of several, in particular two, different plant extracts in the agents according to the invention.

With regard to the plant extracts that can be used according to the invention, reference is also made to the extracts that are listed in the table beginning on page 44 of the 3rd edition of the Guide to the Declaration of Ingredients for Cosmetics, published by the Industrieverband Körperpflege- und Waschmittel e.V. (IKW), Frankfurt.

The skin treatment agents according to the invention can contain, for example, esterase inhibitors as enzyme inhibitors. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). The substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. Other substances which can be considered as esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic ester , Monoethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, malonic acid and

Diethyl malonate, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester, and zinc glycinate. In particular, MMP-1-inhibiting substances are also suitable as enzyme inhibitors, in particular selected from photolyase and / or T4 endonuclease V, propyl gallate, precocenes, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1 (2H) -benzopyran, 3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1 (2H) -benzopyran (available as a commercial product Lipochroman 6 ™ from Lipotec SA) and their mixtures. Precocenes are chromium derivatives that occur in plants and are known as hormones (The Merck Index, 12th edition, Merck & Co. 1996). The MMP-1-inhibiting effect of these substances is described in German published patent application DE 10016016 A1. They are used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight, based in each case on the total composition.

The skin treatment agent according to the invention can furthermore contain at least one ester of retinol (vitamin Ai) with a C _2- i ₈ carboxylic acid. Preferred retinol esters are retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate; retinyl palmitate is particularly preferred. The retinol esters are used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight, based in each case on the total agent.

In a preferred embodiment, in particular when used as an emulsion, as a surfactant solution or as a cleaning agent, the skin treatment agents according to the invention contain at least one surface-active substance as an emulsifier or dispersant. Emulsifiers cause water or oil-stable adsorption layers to form at the phase interface, which protect the dispersed droplets against coalescence and thus stabilize the emulsion. Like surfactants, emulsifiers are therefore made up of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic part of the molecule. Hydrophilic emulsifiers preferably form O / W emulsions and hydrophobic emulsifiers preferably form W / O emulsions. W / O emulsions which are stabilized without hydrophilic emulsifiers are disclosed in the published documents DE 19816665 A1 and DE 19801593 A1.

Emulsifiers which can be used according to the invention are, for example Addition products of 4 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide with linear C ₈ -C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, with C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acids and with C ₈ -C ₅ alkylphenols,

C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acid monoesters and diesters of addition products of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with C ₃ -C ₆ polyols, in particular with glycerol,

Ethylene oxide and polyglycerol adducts with methyl glucoside fatty acid esters, fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid glucamides,

C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides and their ethoxylated analogs, degrees of oligomerization of 1.1 to 5, in particular 1.2 to 2.0, and glucose as the sugar component being preferred,

Mixtures of alkyl (oligo) glucosides and fatty alcohols, e.g. B. the commercially available product Montanov ^® 68,

Addition products of 5 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and hardened castor oil,

Partial esters of polyols with 3-6 carbon atoms with saturated C ₈ -C ₂₂ fatty acids,

Sterols. Sterols are understood to be a group of steroids which carry a hydroxyl group on the C atom 3 of the steroid structure and are isolated both from animal tissue (zoosterols) and from vegetable fats (phytosterols). Examples of zoosterols are cholesterol and lanosterol. Examples of suitable phytosterols are beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and ergosterol. Sterols, the so-called mycosterols, are also isolated from fungi and yeasts.

Phospholipids, especially the glucose phospholipids, e.g. B. as lecithins or phosphatidylcholines from z. B. egg yolk or plant seeds (e.g. soybeans) are obtained,

Fatty acid esters of sugars and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol,

Polyglycerols and polyglycerol derivatives, preferably polyglyceryl-2-dipolyhydroxystearate (commercial product Dehymuls ^® PGPH) and polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate (commercial product Lameform ^® TGI), - Linear and branched C ₈ -C ₃₀ fatty acids and their Na, K, ammonium, Ca, Mg and Zn salts.

The agents according to the invention preferably contain the emulsifiers in amounts of 0.1 to 25% by weight, in particular 0.5-15% by weight, based on the total agent.

In another preferred embodiment, at least one ionic emulsifier selected from anionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic and cationic emulsifiers is contained. Preferred anionic emulsifiers are alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates and ether carboxylic acids with 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in the molecule, sulfosuccinic acid and dialkyl esters with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic acid mono-alkylpolyoxyethyl ester with 8 up to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 1 to 6 oxyethyl groups, monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl and alkenyl ether phosphates and protein fatty acid condensates. Zwitterionic emulsifiers have at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO ^" or -SO ₃ ^' group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic emulsifiers are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinates, N- Acyl-aminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl-imidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate.

In addition to a C ₈ -C ₂₄ alkyl or acyl group, ampholytic emulsifiers contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO ₃ H group in the molecule and can form internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic emulsifiers are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylaminopropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids each with about 8 bisacid acids 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. The ionic emulsifiers are present in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the total agent ,

The skin treatment compositions according to the invention can furthermore contain foaming nonionic, zwitterionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Examples of nonionic surfactants are

- Alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters of the formula R ¹ CO- (OCH ₂ CHR ² ) _x OR ³ , in which R ¹ CO represents a linear or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} hydrogen or methyl, R ^{3 represents} linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and x represents numbers from 1 to 20,

- adducts of ethylene oxide with fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty amines,

Fatty acid N-alkylglucamides,

- C ₈ - C ₂₂ alkylamine N-oxides,

- Alkyl polygycosides according to the general formula RO- (Z) _x where R is a C ₈ - C-iβ alkyl group, Z is sugar and x is the number of sugar units. The alkyl polyglycosides which can be used according to the invention can contain only one specific alkyl radical R. Usually, however, these compounds are made from natural fats and oils or mineral oils. In this case, the alkyl radicals R are mixtures corresponding to the starting compounds or corresponding to the respective working up of these compounds. Particularly preferred are those alkyl polyglycosides in which R consists essentially of C ₈ and C ₀ alkyl groups, essentially from C ₂ and C ₄ alkyl groups, essentially from C ₈ to C ₆ alkyl groups or in consists essentially of C-ι ₂ - to C-ι ₆ - alkyl groups. Any mono- or oligosaccharides can be used as the sugar building block Z. Sugar with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and the corresponding oligosaccharides are usually used, for example glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lyxose, allose, old rose, mannose, gulose, idose, talose and sucrose. Preferred sugar building blocks are glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose and sucrose; Glucose is particularly preferred. The alkyl polyglycosides which can be used according to the invention contain an average of 1.1 to 5, preferably 1.1 to 2.0, particularly preferably 1.1 to 1.8, sugar units. The alkoxylated homologs of the alkyl polyglycosides mentioned can also be used according to the invention. These homologues can contain an average of up to 10 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units per alkyl glycoside unit.

Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds that contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one -COO ^(_) - or -SO ^ ^" 'group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as N-alkyl-N , N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example the cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, for example the cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethylimide azolines each with 8 to 18 C-atoms the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate A preferred zwitterionic surfactant is the fatty acid amide derivative known under the INCI name Cocamidopropyl Betaine.

Suitable anionic surfactants in preparations according to the invention are all anionic surface-active substances suitable for use on the human body. These are characterized by a water-solubilizing, anionic group such as. B. a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl group with about 8 to 30 carbon atoms. In addition, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether and amide groups and hydroxyl groups can be contained in the molecule. Examples of suitable foaming anionic surfactants are, in each case in the form of the sodium, potassium and ammonium and the mono-, di- and trialkanolammonium salts with 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkanol group, acylglutamates of the formula (X),

XOOC-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH-COOX (X) I HN-COR ¹

in which R ¹ CO represents a linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and X represents hydrogen, an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium, for example acylglutamates, which are derived from fatty acids having 6 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, such as, for example, C 12/14 or C 12/18 coconut fatty acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and / or stearic acid, in particular sodium N-cocoyl and sodium -N-stearoyl-L-glutamate, ester of a hydroxy-substituted di- or tricarboxylic acid of the general formula (XI),

X

HO - C - COOR ¹ (XI)

Y - CH - COOR ²

in which X = H or a -CH ₂ COOR group, Y = H or -OH is, provided that Y = H when X = -CH ₂ COOR, R, R ¹ and R ^{2 are} independent of each other is a hydrogen atom, an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium group, the cation of an ammonium-organic base or a radical Z which derives from a polyhydroxylated organic compound which comes from the group of etherified (C ₆ -C ₈ ) -alkyl polysaccharides with 1 to 6 monomeric saccharide units and / or the etherified aliphatic (C ₆ -C ₁₆ ) hydroxyalkyl polyols with 2 to 16 hydroxyl radicals are selected, provided that at least one of the groups R, R ¹ or R ^{2 is} a radical Z, Esters of the sulfosuccinic acid salt of the general formula (XII), H ₂ C - COOR ¹ (XII)

0 ₃ S - CH - COOR ² in which R ¹ and R ² independently of one another denote a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium group, the cation of an ammonium organic base or a radical Z which originates from a polyhydroxylated organic compound, which is selected from the group of etherified (C ₆ -C ₈ ) alkyl polysaccharides with 1 to 6 monomeric saccharide units and / or etherified aliphatic (C ₆ -C ₆ ) hydroxyalkyl polyols with 2 to 16 hydroxyl radicals, from which Provided that at least one of the groups R ¹ or R ^{2 is} a radical Z, sulfosuccinic acid and dialkyl esters with 8 to 24 C atoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl polyoxyethyl esters with 8 to 24 C atoms in the alkyl group and 1 to 6 ethoxy groups, Esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols, which are addition products of about 2-15 molecules of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide onto fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, linear and branched fatty acids with 8 to 30 carbon atoms (soaps),

■ Ethercarboxylic acids of the formula R-0- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ 0) χ-CH ₂ -COOH, in which R is a linear alkyl group with 8 to 30 C atoms and x = 0 or 1 to 16, acyl sarcosinates with a linear or branched acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, acyl taurate with a linear or branched acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, acyl isethionate with a linear or branched acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, linear alkanesulfonates with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, linear alpha-olefin sulfonates with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, methyl alpha-sulfofatty acid esters of fatty acids with 8 to 30 carbon atoms,

- Alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of the formula R-0 (CH ₂ -CH 0) _z -S0 ₃ X, in which R is a preferably linear alkyl group with 8 to 30 C atoms, particularly preferably with 8-18 C atoms, z = 0 or 1 to 12, particularly preferably 3, and X is a sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, ammonium ion or a monoalkanol, dialkanol or trialkanolammonium ion with 2 to 4 Is carbon atoms in the alkanol group, a particularly preferred example being zinc cocoyl ether sulfate with a degree of ethoxylation of z = 3,

Mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-A-37 25 030,

sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and / or hydroxyalkylene propylene glycol ethers according to DE-A-37 23 354,

Sulfonates of unsaturated fatty acids with 8 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 double bonds according to DE-A-39 26 344,

- Alkyl and / or alkenyl ether phosphates of the formula O i II R- (OCH2CH2) n- 0 - P - OR ² I ox in R ^1, preferably for an aliphatic carbon, hydrogen radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen, one Radical (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) nR ¹ or X, n for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal or NR ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ R ⁶ , with R ³ to R ⁶ independently of one another a Ci to C ₄ hydrocarbon radical,

- Sulphated fatty acid alkylene glycol esters of the formula R ⁷ CO (AlkO) _n S0 ₃ M, in which R ⁷ CO- for a linear or branched, aliphatic, saturated and / or unsaturated acyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms, alk for CH ₂ CH ₂ , CHCH ₃ CH ₂ and / or CH ₂ CHCH ₃ , n stands for numbers from 0.5 to 5 and M stands for a cation, as described in DE-OS 197 36 906.5,

- Monoglyceride sulfates and monoglyceride ether sulfates of the formula

CHO (CH2CH2θ) _y H CH2θ (CH2CH2θ) _z - SQ3X

in which R ⁸ CO stands for a linear or branched acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, x, y and z in total for 0 or for numbers from 1 to 30, preferably 2 to 10, and X stands for an alkali or alkaline earth metal. typical Examples of monoglyceride (ether) sulfates which are suitable for the purposes of the invention are the reaction products of lauric acid monoglyceride, coconut fatty acid monoglyceride, palmitic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride and tallow fatty acid monoglyceride and their ethylene oxide adducts with sulfur trioxide in the form of their sulfuric acid trioxide or their sulfuric acid trioxide in the form of their sulfonate. Monoglyceride sulfates are preferably used in which R ⁸ CO represents a linear acyl radical having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

According to the invention it can be advantageous for certain applications, mild, i.e. particularly skin-compatible, surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefin sulfonates, ethercarboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkylamidobetaines and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins use.

The skin treatment compositions according to the invention can furthermore contain at least one organic or mineral or modified mineral light protection filter. The light protection filters are substances which are liquid or crystalline at room temperature and are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and absorb the energy absorbed in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. B. to release heat again. A distinction is made between UVA filters and UVB filters. The UVA and UVB filters can be used both individually and in mixtures. The use of filter mixtures is preferred according to the invention.

The organic UV filters used according to the invention are preferably selected from the derivatives of dibenzoylmethane, cinnamic acid esters, diphenylacrylic acid esters, benzophenone, camphor, p-aminobenzoic acid esters, o-aminobenzoic acid esters, salicylic acid esters, benzimidazoles, symmetrically or asymmetrically substituted 1,3,5-triazines, monomers and oligomeric 4,4-diarylbutadienecarboxylic acid esters and carboxamides,

Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane, benzalmalonic acid esters and any mixtures of the components mentioned. The organic UV filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. According to the invention particularly preferred oil-soluble UV filters are 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1, 3-dione (Parsol ^® 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'- isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 3- (4 ^" -methylbenzylidene) -D, L-camphor, 4- (dimethylamino) -benzoic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-

(Dimethylamino) 2-octyl benzoate, 4- (dimethylamino) amyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate,

4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isopentyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (octocrylene), salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbenzyl ester, salicylic acid homomethyl ethyl (3,3,5- trimethyl), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 4-methoxybenzmalonic acid di-2-ethylhexyl ester, 2,4,6-trianilino- (p -carbo-2'-ethyl-1 '- hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine (octyl triazone) and dioctyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb ⁰ HEB) and any mixtures of the components mentioned.

Preferred water-soluble UV filters are 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts, sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and their salts

Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, such as. B. 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene methyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and salts thereof.

Some of the oil-soluble UV filters can themselves serve as solvents or solubilizers for other UV filters. For example, solutions of the UV-A filter 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione (e.g. Parsol ^® 1789) can be used in various UV-B -Filter. In a further preferred embodiment, the compositions according to the invention therefore contain 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione in combination with at least one UV-B filter selected from 4 - 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2- 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate. In these combinations, the weight ratio of UVB filter to 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione is between 1: 1 and 10: 1, preferably between 2: 1 and 8: 1, the molar ratio is between 0.3 and 3.8, preferably between 0.7 and 3.0.

The inorganic light protection pigments preferred according to the invention are finely dispersed or colloidally dispersed metal oxides and metal salts, for example titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicates (talc) and barium sulfate. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm, so-called nanopigments. They can have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape which differs in some other way from the spherical shape. The pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobicized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxide, such as. B. Titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex ^® T2000 (Merck). Silicones, and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones, are particularly suitable as hydrophobic coating agents. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are particularly preferred.

The skin treatment compositions according to the invention can furthermore contain at least one protein hydrolyzate or its derivative. According to the invention, both vegetable and animal protein hydrolyzates can be used. Animal protein hydrolyzates are e.g. B. elastin, collagen, keratin, silk and milk protein protein hydrolyzates, which may also be in the form of salts. Vegetable protein hydrolyzates, e.g. B. Soybean, wheat, almond, pea, potato and rice protein hydrolyzates. Corresponding commercial products are e.g. B. DiaMin ^® (Diamalt), Gluadin ^® (Cognis), Lexein ^® (Inolex) and Crotein ^® (Croda).

Instead of the protein hydrolyzates, amino acid mixtures obtained otherwise can be obtained, on the other hand, individual amino acids and theirs physiologically acceptable salts are used. The amino acids preferred according to the invention include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine and zinc salt Acid addition salts of the amino acids mentioned.

It is also possible to use derivatives of protein hydrolyzates, e.g. B. in the form of their fatty acid condensation products. Corresponding commercial products are e.g. B. Lamepon ^® (Cognis), Gluadin ^® (Cognis), Lexein ^® (Inolex), Crolastin ^® or Crotein ^® (Croda).

Cationized protein hydrolyzates can also be used according to the invention, it being possible for the underlying protein hydrolyzate to come from animals, plants, marine life forms or from biotechnologically obtained protein hydrolyzates. Cationic protein hydrolyzates are preferred, the underlying protein portion of which has a molecular weight of 100 to 25,000 Daltons, preferably 250 to 5000 Daltons. Cationic protein hydrolyzates also include quaternized amino acids and their mixtures. Furthermore, the cationic protein hydrolyzates can also be further derivatized. As typical examples of inventively used cationic protein hydrolysates and derivatives, some are of the INCI - ^th names in the "International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook" (seventh edition 1997, The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association 1101 17 Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036-4702) listed and commercially available products: Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen, Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Casein, Steardimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen, Steardimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Hair Keratin, Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin, Cocodimonium Hydroxice Protein Hydrolyzed Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Silk, Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Silk Amino Acids, Hydroxypropyl Arginine Lauryl / myristyl ether HCl, hydroxypropyltrimonium gelatin. The plant-based cationic protein hydrolyzates and derivatives are very particularly preferred.

The agents according to the invention contain the protein hydrolyzates and their derivatives or the amino acids and their derivatives in amounts of 0.01-10% by weight, based on the total agent. Amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3% by weight, are particularly preferred.

The skin treatment compositions according to the invention can furthermore contain at least one mono-, oligo- or polysaccharide or their derivatives.

Suitable monosaccharides according to the invention are e.g. B. glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lyxose, allose, old rose, mannose, gulose, idose and talose, the deoxy sugar fucose and rhamnose and amino sugar such as. B. glucosamine or galactosamine. Glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose and fucose are preferred; Glucose is particularly preferred.

Suitable oligosaccharides according to the invention are composed of two to ten monosaccharide units, e.g. B. sucrose, lactose or trehalose. A particularly preferred oligosaccharide is sucrose. The use of honey, which predominantly contains glucose and sucrose, is also particularly preferred.

Polysaccharides suitable according to the invention are composed of more than ten monosaccharide units. Preferred polysaccharides are the starches composed of α-D-glucose units and starch breakdown products such as amylose, amylopectin and dextrins. Chemically and / or thermally modified starches, eg. B. hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, dihydroxypropyl distarch phosphate or the commercial products Dry Flo ^® . Dextrans and their derivatives, e.g. B. dextran sulfate. Also preferred are nonionic cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cationic cellulose derivatives. z. B. the commercial products Celquat ^® and Polymer JR ^® , and preferably Celquat ^® H 100, Celquat ^® L 200 and Polymer JR ^® 400 (Polyquaternium-10) and Polyquaternium-24. Further preferred examples are polysaccharides from fucose units, e.g. B. the commercial product Fucogel ^® . The polysaccharides composed of amino sugar units, in particular chitins and their deacetylated derivatives, the chitosans and mucopolysaccharides, are particularly preferred. The preferred mucopolysaccharides according to the invention include hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, e.g. B. sodium hyaluronate or dimethylsilanol hyaluronate, and chondroitin and its derivatives, e.g. B. chondroitin sulfate.

Furthermore, the skin treatment compositions according to the invention can contain at least one film-forming, emulsion-stabilizing, thickening or adhesive polymer, selected from natural and synthetic polymers, which can be cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic.

Cationic, anionic and nonionic polymers are preferred according to the invention.

Preferred among the cationic polymers are polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, e.g. B. the commercial products Q2-7224 (Dow Corning), Dow Corning ^® 929 emulsion (with Amodimethicone), SM-2059 (General Electric), SLM-55067 (Wacker) and Abil ^® -Quat 3270 and 3272 (Th. Goldschmidt).

Preferred anionic polymers which can support the action of the active ingredient used according to the invention contain carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups and as monomers, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. The acidic groups can be present in whole or in part as sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono- or triethanolammonium salt. Preferred monomers are 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid. Very particularly preferred anionic polymers contain 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the sole monomer or as comonomer, it being possible for the sulfonic acid group to be wholly or partly in salt form. Within this Embodiment, it is preferred to use copolymers of at least one anionic monomer and at least one nonionic monomer. With regard to the anionic monomers, reference is made to the substances listed above. Preferred nonionic monomers are acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl ether and vinyl ester. Preferred anionic copolymers are acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymers and in particular polyacrylamide copolymers with

Monomers containing sulfonic acid groups. A particularly preferred anionic copolymer consists of 70 to 55 mol% of acrylamide and 30 to 45 mol% of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, the sulfonic acid groups in whole or in part as sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono- or triethanolammo- nium salt are present. This copolymer can also be crosslinked, the preferred crosslinking agents being polyolefinically unsaturated compounds such as tetraallyloxyethane, allyl sucrose, allylpentaerythritol and methylene bisacrylamide. Such a polymer is contained in the commercial product Sepigel ^® 305 from SEPPIC. The use of this compound has proven to be particularly advantageous in the context of the teaching according to the invention. Also known as compound with isohexadecane and poly sold under the name Simulgel® ^® 600 sorbate-80 sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymers have proven effective as inventively particularly.

Other particularly preferred anionic homopolymers and copolymers are uncrosslinked and crosslinked polyacrylic acids. Allyl ethers of pentaerythritol, sucrose and propylene can be preferred crosslinking agents. Such compounds are, for example, the commercial products Carbopol ^® . A particularly preferred anionic copolymer contains as monomer to 80-98% unsaturated, optionally substituted C ₃ - ₆ carboxylic acid or its anhydride as well as 2-20% optionally substituted acrylate of saturated C-ι _0-3 o-carboxylic acids, wherein the Copolymer can be crosslinked with the aforementioned crosslinking agents. Corresponding commercial products are Pemulen ^® and the Carbopol ^® types 954, 980, 1342 and ETD 2020 (ex BF Goodrich). Suitable nonionic polymers are, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, which can be partially saponified, e.g. B. the commercial products Mowiol ^® and vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl ester copolymers and polyvinyl pyrrolidones, which, for. B. are sold under the trademark Luviskol ^® (BASF).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the action of the topical agents according to the invention can be further optimized by means of fatty substances. Suitable fat substances are for example:

- vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, almond oil, jojoba oil, orange oil, wheat germ oil, peach kernel oil and the liquid components of coconut oil, - liquid paraffin oils, isoparaffin oils and synthetic hydrocarbons, e.g. B. 1, 3-di- (2-ethyl-hexyl) cyclohexane (Cetiol ^® S) or polydecene, - di-n-alkyl ethers with a total of 12 to 36, in particular 12 to 24, carbon atoms, for. As di-n-octyl ether (Cetiol ^® OE), di-n-n-hexyl-n-octyl ether and n-octyl-n-decyl ether. - Fatty acids, especially linear and / or branched, saturated and / or unsaturated C _8-3 o-fatty acids. Cιo- ₂₂ fatty acids are preferred. Examples are the isostearic acids and isopalmitic acids such as the fatty acids sold under the trade name Edenor ^® . Further typical examples of such fatty acids are caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, araachidonic acid, elaachidearic acid, elaeostearic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures. The fatty acid cuts that are obtainable from coconut oil or palm oil are usually particularly preferred; the use of stearic acid is particularly preferred. - Fatty alcohols, especially saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated, branched or unbranched fatty alcohols with 6 - 30, preferably 10 - 22 and very particularly preferably 12 - 22 carbon atoms. Can be used in the sense the invention are e.g. B. decanol, octanol, octenol, dodecenol, decenol, octadienol, dodecadienol, decadienol, oleyl alcohol, eruca alcohol, ricinol alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol,. Cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, capric alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol, and their Guerbet alcohols, e.g. B. 2-ethylhexanol, this list is intended to have exemplary and non-limiting character.

- Ester oils, that is, esters of C ₆ - ₃ o-fatty acids with C ₂ - ₃ o-fatty alcohols. The monoesters of fatty acids with alcohols having 2 to 24 carbon atoms are preferred. The substances mentioned above can be used as alcohol and acid components of the ester oils. According to the invention, particular preference is given to isopropyl myristate, isononanoic acid Ci6-i8 alkyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, stearic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, cetyl oleate, glycerol tricaprylate, coconut fatty alcohol caprinate / caprylate, n-butyl stearate, oleyl hexalate ester, oleyl hexalate ester, oleyl hexalate ester, oleyl eryl esterate - Butyl adipate, myristyl myristate, cetearyl isononanoate and oleic acid decyl ester.

- Hydroxycarboxylic acid alkyl esters, the full esters of glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid being preferred, but also esters of β-hydroxypropionic acid, tartronic acid, D-gluconic acid, sugar acid, mucic acid or glucuronic acid are suitable and particularly preferably the esters of Ci ₂ -Ci ₅ fatty alcohols, e.g. B. are the commercial products Cosmacol ^® from EniChem, Augusta Industriale,

Dicarboxylic acid esters such as di-n-butyl adipate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) succinate and di-isotridecyl acelate as well as diol esters such as ethylene glycol dioleate, ethylene glycol di-isotridecanoate, propylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate), Propylene glycol di-isostearate, propylene glycol di-pelargonate, butanediol di-isostearate, neopentyl glycol dicaprylate,

- Symmetrical, asymmetrical or cyclic esters of carbonic acid with fatty alcohols, e.g. B. glycerol carbonate or dicaprylyl carbonate (Cetiol ^® CC),

- Mono, - di- and trifatty acid esters of saturated and / or unsaturated linear and / or branched fatty acids with glycerin, e.g. B. Monomuls ^® 90-018, Monomuls ^® 90-L12 or Cutina ^® MD, - Waxes, in particular insect waxes such as beeswax and bumblebee wax, plant waxes such as candelilla wax and camauba wax, fruit waxes, ozokerite, micro waxes, ceresin, paraffin, triglycerides saturated and optionally hydroxylated C _6-3 fatty acids, such as. B. hardened triglyceride fats (hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated castor oil), glyceryl tribehenate or glyceryl tri-12-hydroxystearate, synthetic full esters of fatty acids and glycols (e.g. Syncrowachs ^® ) or polyols with 2-6 C atoms, esters of optionally hydroxylated C _2-4 - carboxylic acids with lanolin alcohols and Cι _2- ι ₈ fatty alcohols, cholesterol or lanosterol esters of Cιo-3o fatty acids, ethoxylated Ci2-2o fatty acid glycol esters, fatty acid monoalkanolamides with a Cι _2-22 acyl residue and a C _{2- 4} -alkanol residue, synthetic fatty acid fatty alcohol esters, e.g. B. stearyl stearate or cetyl palmitate and ester waxes from natural fatty acids and synthetic C ₂ o- ₄ o-fatty alcohols (INCI name C20- 40 alkyl stearates), silicone compounds selected from decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane and silicone polymers, which can be cross-linked if desired. B. polydialkylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, ethoxylated polydialkylsiloxanes, preferably the substances with the INCI name Dimethicone Copolyol, and polydialkylsiloxanes containing amine and / or hydroxy groups.

The amount of fatty substances used is 0.1-50% by weight, preferably 0.1-20% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1-15% by weight, in each case based on the total composition.

Substances such as lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.

Pearlescent waxes that can be used are, for example: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanol amide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixtures thereof.

Suitable consistency agents are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxyfatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxyfatty acids. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates is preferred.

Climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrethione can be used as antidandruff agents. To combat dandruff, the preparations according to the invention can preferably be used in combination with at least one of these antidandruff agents.

The skin treatment agent according to the invention can further contain at least one α-hydroxycarboxylic acid or α-ketocarboxylic acid or its ester, lactone or salt form. Suitable α-hydroxycarboxylic acids or α-ketocarboxylic acids are especially selected from lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid, 2-hydroxypentanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 2-hydroxyheptanoic acid, 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 2-hydroxydecanoic acid, 2- Hydroxydodecanoic acid, 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, mandelic acid, 4-hydroxymandelic acid, malic acid, eryth raric acid, threaric acid, glucaric acid, galactaric acid, mannaric acid, gular acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methylsuccinic acid, Gluconic acid, pyruvic acid, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. The esters of the acids mentioned are selected from the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl and hexadecyl esters. The α-hydroxycarboxylic acids or α-ketocarboxylic acids or their derivatives are contained in amounts of 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight, based in each case on the total composition.

The agents according to the invention can contain further active ingredients, auxiliaries and additives, for example:

- Vitamins, provitamins and vitamin precursors from groups A, C, E and F, in particular 3,4-didehydroretinol (vitamin A ₂ ), ß-carotene (provitamin of vitamin Ai), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and the palmitic acid esters, glucosides or phosphates of ascorbic acid, tocopherols, especially α-tocopherol and its esters, e.g. B. the acetate, nicotinate, phosphate and succinate; furthermore vitamin F, which means essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, vitamins, provitamins or vitamin precursors of the vitamin B group, in particular vitamin Bi, B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₇ or Bι ₂ or their precursors, or derivatives thereof, and derivatives of 2-furanone, - allantoin, bisabolol, - antioxidants, for example imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L- Carnosine and its derivatives (e.g. anserine), chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, Cystamine and its glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate , Distearyl thiopropionate, thiodipropionic acid and their derivatives (Est he, ether, peptides, Lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) as well as sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthioninsulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, butioninsulfones, penta-, hexa-, heptathioninsulfoximine) in very low tolerable dosages (e.g. pmol to μmol / kg), furthermore (metal) Chelators (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid , Linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and its derivatives, the coniferyl benzoate of benzoin, rutinic acid and its derivatives, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydarzyuoxyacid, nordihydarzihyroxychloric acid, nordihydarzihyroxylacid Uric acid and its derivatives, catalase, superoxide dismutase, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnS0), selenium and its de derivatives (e.g. selenium methionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (e.g. B. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable as antioxidants (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these active substances,

Ceramides and pseudoceramides,

Triterpenes, especially triterpenic acids such as ursolic acid, rosmaric acid, betulinic acid, boswellic acid and bryonic acid,

Monomeric catechins, especially catechin and epicatechin, leucoanthocyanidins, catechin polymers (catechin tannins) and gallotannins,

- Thickeners, e.g. B. gelatin, vegetable gums and / or polysaccharides such as agar agar, guar gum, guar guar, alginates, xanthan gum, gum arabic, karaya gum, tylose or locust bean gum, hydrophilic silicas and / or natural and synthetic clays and layered silicates , e.g. B. bentonite, hectorite, montmorillonite or Laponite ^® , Ca, Mg or Zn soaps of fatty acids, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g. Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), polyacrylamides, fully synthetic hydrocolloids such as polyvi nyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides as well as electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride, plant glycosides, structurants such as maleic acid, dimethyl acid and lactic acid, lactic acid, lactic acid, lactic acid - and gamma-cyclodextrins, in particular for stabilizing retinol, solvents, swelling and penetration substances such as ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, glycerin and diethylene glycol, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, guanidines, ureas and primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates - perfume oils, Pigments and dyes for coloring the agent, - substances for adjusting the pH, e.g. B. α- and ß-hydroxy carboxylic acids, complexing agents such as EDTA, NTA, ß-alaninediacetic acid and phosphonic acids, opacifiers such as latex, styrene / PVP and styrene / acrylamide copolymers, - pearlescent agents such as ethylene glycol mono- and distearate and PEG-3 - distearate, - blowing agents such as propane-butane mixtures, N ₂ 0, dimethyl ether, C0 ₂ and air.

When applied topically, the skin treatment agents according to the invention are advantageously in the form of a liquid or solid oil-in-water emulsion, water-in-oil emulsion, multiple emulsion, microemulsion, PIT emulsion or Pickering emulsion, in the form of a hydrogel, an alcoholic gel , a lipogel, in the form of a single or multi-phase solution, a foam, an ointment, a patch, a suspension, one Powder or a mixture with at least one polymer suitable as a medical adhesive. The skin treatment agents according to the invention can also be administered in anhydrous form, such as, for example, an oil or a balm. The carrier can be a vegetable or animal oil, a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a mixture of such oils.

In a special embodiment, the skin treatment agents are in the form of a microemulsion. In the context of the invention, microemulsions are understood to mean not only the thermodynamically stable microemulsions but also the so-called “PIT” emulsions. These emulsions are systems with the 3 components water, oil and emulsifier, which are available as an oil-in-water emulsion at room temperature. When these systems are warmed up, microemulsions form in a certain temperature range (referred to as phase inversion temperature or "PIT"), which convert to water-in-oil (W / 0) emulsions when heated further. Upon subsequent cooling, O / W emulsions are again formed, but these are also present at room temperature as microemulsions or as very fine-particle emulsions with an average particle diameter of less than 400 nm and in particular of about 100-300 nm. According to the invention, those micro- or "PIT" emulsions can be preferred which have an average particle diameter of approximately 200 nm. Details regarding these "PIT emulsions" e.g. B. the publication Angew. Chem. 97, 655-669 (1985).

It is also conceivable that the skin treatment agents according to the invention are in the form of antiperspirants and / or deodorants. Suitable antiperspirant active ingredients according to the invention are, for example, water-soluble astringent or protein-coagulating metallic salts, in particular inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium, zinc and titanium and any mixtures of these salts. According to the invention, water solubility is understood to mean a solubility of at least 4 g of active substance per 100 g of solution at 20 ° C. Usable according to the invention are, for example, alum (KAI (S0 ₄ ) ₂ ^■ 12 H ₂ O), aluminum sulfate, aluminum lactate, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxyl lactate, aluminum chlorohydroxyallantoinate, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfo- carbolate, aluminum-zirconium chlorohydrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfocarbolate, zinc sulfate, zirconium chlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium chlorohydrate-glycine complexes and complexes of basic aluminum chlorides with propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol. The liquid active substance preparations preferably contain an astringent aluminum salt, in particular aluminum chlorohydrate, and / or an aluminum-zirconium compound. Aluminum chlorohydrates are sold, for example, in powder form as Micro Dry ^® Ultrafine or in activated form as Reach ^® 501 or Reach ^® 103 from Reheis and in the form of aqueous solutions as Locron ^® L from Clariant or as Chlorhydrol ^® from Reheis. An aluminum sesquichlorohydrate from Reheis is available under the name Reach ^® 301. The use of aluminum-zirconium tri- or tetrachloro-hydrex glycine complexes, which are, for example, from Reheis under the name Rezal 36G ^® commercially, according to the invention is particularly advantageous.

The antiperspirant active ingredient in the compositions according to the invention is in an amount of 0.01-40% by weight, preferably 2-30% by weight and in particular 5-25% by weight, based on the amount of the active substance in the entire composition , contain.

Deodorant active ingredients include, for example, fragrances, antimicrobial, antibacterial or germ-inhibiting substances, enzyme-inhibiting substances, antioxidants and odor adsorbents.

Suitable antimicrobial, antibacterial or germ-inhibiting substances are, in particular, CrC alkanols, C ₂ -C ₄ alkanediols, organohalogen compounds and halides, quaternary ammonium compounds, a number of plant extracts and zinc compounds.

The compositions according to the invention can also contain at least one water-soluble polyol, in particular selected from water-soluble diols, triols and higher-quality alcohols and polyethylene glycols. Among the diols are C ₂ -C ₂ diols, in particular 1, 2-propylene glycol, butylene glycols such as. B. 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol and 1,4-butylene glycol, pentanediols, z. B. 1, 2-pentanediol, and hexanediols, e.g. B. 1, 6-hexanediol. Glycerol and technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10, such as technical diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight, or triglycerol, furthermore 1, 2,6-hexanetriol and polyethylene glycols (PEG) with a average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons, for example PEG-400, PEG-600 or PEG-1000. Other suitable higher alcohols are the C -, C ₅ - and C ₆ -monosaccharides and the corresponding sugar alcohols, e.g. B. mannitol or sorbitol.

The compositions according to the invention contain the water-soluble polyol in amounts of 1-50% by weight, preferably 1-15% by weight and particularly preferably 1-5% by weight, in each case based on the overall composition.

Oral and denture treatments

In a further embodiment which is particularly preferred according to the invention, the cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations are those for oral application, the destination of the application being the mouth itself. In a preferred embodiment, one of the skin treatment agents described above is used, the composition being selected such that the preparation is a mouth cream, an ointment, a tincture or a suspension. The term "pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration" also includes prosthesis cleaning agents, in particular denture cleaning tablets.

Furthermore, mouthwashes, toothpastes, tablets, in particular lozenges, and sprays or aerosols are further preferred embodiments in the oral field.

The composition for oral, tooth and / or denture care contains the anti-adhesive substances according to the invention preferably in amounts of up to 3% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 1% by weight, in particular in amounts of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. If it’s the Composition is a concentrate, the preferred concentration is correspondingly higher.

In the case of partial dentures or dentures, they are suitable for use as denture cleaning tablets, as mouthwash or mouthwash, or as toothpaste.

The mouth, tooth and / or denture care products according to the invention can be present, for example, as mouthwash, gel, liquid toothbrush lotion, stiff toothpaste, denture cleaner or denture adhesive cream. For this it is necessary to introduce the substances used according to the invention into a suitable carrier.

As carriers e.g. Powdery preparations or aqueous-alcoholic solutions are also used which, as mouthwashes, contain 0 to 15% by weight of ethanol, 1 to 1.5% by weight of aromatic oils and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of sweeteners or as mouthwash concentrates 15 to 60% by weight of ethanol, 0.05 to 5% by weight of aromatic oils, 0.1 to 3% by weight of sweeteners and, if appropriate, further auxiliaries, and may be diluted with water before use. The concentration of the components must be chosen so high that the dilution does not fall below the specified concentration limits after use.

However, gels and more or less flowable pastes can also serve as carriers, which are expressed from flexible plastic containers or tubes and applied to the teeth with the aid of a toothbrush. Such products contain higher amounts of humectants and binders or consistency regulators and polishing components. In addition, these preparations also contain aromatic oils, sweeteners and water.

In addition to the active ingredients according to the invention, the toothpastes and tooth gels according to the invention can contain, in particular, surfactants, cleaning bodies, flavors, sweeteners and other active ingredients known to the person skilled in the art. As Carriers preferably serve water and binders. It may also contain humectants, preservatives, consistency agents and / or color pigments.

The mouthwashes according to the invention can be aqueous, in particular also alcohol-containing, flavored concentrates or ready-to-use solutions. In addition to the active substances according to the invention, the mouthwashes can in particular contain surfactants, flavors, colorants, fluorides, astringent substances, antibacterial substances and / or further active substances.

The aforementioned further active ingredients which may be contained in the oral treatment compositions can be, for example, a fluorine compound, an active ingredient against plaque bacteria, an active ingredient against tartar formation, for reminalization, against sensitive teeth or for protecting the gums act. Furthermore, the further active ingredient can be another active ingredient for fungal treatment, in particular candidiasis treatment.

A fluorine compound that is preferably contained is a caries-inhibiting fluorine compound, preferably from the group of fluorides or monofluorophosphates in an amount of 0.1-0.5% by weight of fluorine. Suitable fluorine compounds are, for example, sodium monofluorophosphate (Na ₂ P0 ₃ F), potassium monofluorophosphate, sodium or potassium fluoride, tin fluoride or an organic amine fluoride.

The active substance against plaque bacteria can be, for example, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, hexetidine, domiphen chloride, triclosan and / or sodium benzoate in concentrations between 0.05 and 0.3% by weight.

Condensed phosphates in the form of their alkali metal salts, preferably in the form of their, can be used as anti-tartar active ingredients and as demineralization inhibitors Sodium or potassium salts, but also zinc-containing compounds. The aqueous solutions of these phosphates are alkaline due to hydrolytic effects. By adding acid, the pH of the oral, dental and / or denture care products according to the invention is adjusted to the preferred values of 7.5-9. Mixtures of different condensed phosphates or hydrated salts of the condensed phosphates can also be used. However, the specified amounts of 2-12% by weight refer to the anhydrous salts. Preferred condensed phosphates are pyrophosphates, aza-cycloheptane-2,2-diphosphonate (AHP) and, preferably in an amount of 5-10% by weight, a sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate.

In addition to the aforementioned fluorine compounds, active ingredients for reminalization can include, for example, calcium glycerol phosphate, or phosphate cleaning agents, in particular calcium hydrogen phosphate. Potassium nitrate and potassium chloride in concentrations of 5-10% by weight or strontium chloride or hydroxylapatite, for example, can be present as active ingredients against sensitive teeth.

Substances with an anti-inflammatory effect, such as chamomile's active substances, in particular α-bisalbolol and chamazulen, are particularly suitable as active substances for protecting the gums. Eugenol, vitamin A and plant extracts from aloe, arnica, calendula, witch hazel, myrrh, rosemary and sage or tannins, which are contained in these extracts, are also suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, astringent substances such as e.g. Aluminum lactate, can be used as an active ingredient to protect the gums.

Above all, water-insoluble inorganic substances with grain sizes of preferably less than 15 μm, in particular in concentrations of 10-50% by weight, can be used as cleaning bodies or polishing components. Examples include precipitated and gel silicic acids, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide trihydrate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, chalk, hydroxylapatite, Hydrotalcites, talc, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum ^®), calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium aluminum silicates, for example zeolite A. Alternatively, as well as organic polymers, for example polymethyl acrylate, are employed.

In addition to the active ingredients mentioned above, the oral and prosthetic treatment agents according to the invention may contain further ingredients, such as, for example, those listed below.

In particular, alkyl and / or alkenyl (oligo) glycosides can be used as surfactants in the oral care products according to the invention. Their preparation and use as surface-active substances is known, for example, from US Pat. Nos. 3,839,318, 3,707,535, 3,547,828, 19,468,989, 20,336,472 and DE -A-30 01 064 and EP-A-77 167 known. Regarding the glycoside residue, both monoglycosides (x = 1) in which a pentose or hexose residue is glycosidically bonded to a primary alcohol having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization x to 10 are suitable. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean value which is based on a homolog distribution customary for such technical products.

An alkyl and / or alkenyl (oligo) glycoside is preferably an alkyl and / or alkenyl (oligo) glucoside of the formula RO (CeHιoO) _x -H, in which R is an alkyl and / or alkenyl is a group with 8 to 14 carbon atoms and x has an average of 1 to 4. Particular preference is given to alkyl oligoglucosides based on hydrogenated Cι _2/4 ι coconut alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3. The alkyl and / or alkenyl glycoside surfactant can be very efficient use, wherein already amounts of 0.005 to 1 weight % are sufficient.

In addition to the alkyl glucoside surfactants mentioned, other non-ionic, ampholytic and cationic surfactants may also be present, such as: fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, monoglyceride ether sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid seguric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid seguric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid segaric acid amides, fatty acid sarosurate fatty acids, fatty acid sarcosinate fatty acids, Alkylamido betaine and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins. In particular for the solubilization of the mostly water-insoluble aromatic oils, a nonionic solubilizer from the group of surface-active compounds may be required. Particularly suitable for this purpose are, for example, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, ethoxylated fatty acid sorbitan partial esters or fatty acid partial esters of glycerol or sorbitan oxethylates. Solubilizers from the group of the ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides mainly include addition products of 20 to 60 mol ethylene oxide with mono- and diglycerides of linear fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms or with triglycerides of hydroxy fatty acids such as oxystearic acid or ricinoleic acid. Other suitable solubilizers are ethoxylated fatty acid sorbitan partial esters; these are preferably addition products of 20 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide with sorbitan monoesters and sorbitan diesters of fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Also suitable solubilizers are fatty acid partial esters of glycerol or sorbitan oxyethylates; these are preferably mono- and diesters of C ₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acids and addition products of 20 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of glycerol or with 1 mole of sorbitol.

Natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers such as alginates obtained from brown algae, carrageenans available from red algae, guar or guar gum from guar flour, tragacanth, carubin from locust bean gum, starch and their nonionogenic derivatives such as hydroxypropylguar, hydroxyethyl starch, for example, serve as binders and consistency regulators. Cellulose ethers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose or methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose. Also agar-agar, xanthan or xanthan gum, pectins, water-soluble carboxyvinyl polymers (eg Carbopol ^® types), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, higher molecular weight polyethylene glycols (molecular weight 10 ³ to 10 ⁶ D). Other substances that are suitable for viscosity control are layered silicates such as, for example, montmorillonite clays, colloidal thickening silicas, for example airgel silica or pyrogenic silicas.

Moisturizers that can be used include, for example, glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, propylene glycols, polyethylene glycols or mixtures of these polyols, especially those Polyethenylene glycols with molecular weights from 200 to 800 (from 400 to 2000) can be used. Sorbitol is preferably present as a humectant in an amount of 25-40% by weight.

The dental and / or oral care products according to the invention can be improved in their organoleptic properties by adding aromatic oils and sweeteners. All natural and synthetic aromas customary for mouth, tooth and / or denture care products are suitable as aroma oils. Natural flavors can be used both in the form of the essential oils isolated from the drugs and in the form of the individual components isolated from them. At least one aromatic oil from the group peppermint oil, spearmint oil, anise oil, clove oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, caraway oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, thyme oil, marjoram oil, basil oil, citrus oil, Gaultheria oil or one or more synthetically produced components of these oils isolated therefrom should be contained. The most important components of the oils mentioned are e.g. Menthol, Carvon, Anethol, Cineol, Eugenol, Citronellol, Linalool, Salven, Thymol, Terpinen, Terpinol, Methylchavicol and Methylsalicylat. The aroma can be rounded off with spice and flower oils such as Rose oil, geranium oil, cinnamon oil or sage oil or by their components such as cinnamaldehyde or geraniol or by fruit notes. Other suitable flavors are e.g. Menthyl acetate, vanillin, jonone, linalyl acetate, rhodinol and piperiton. Aromatic oils are preferably present in an amount of up to 1% by weight in toothpastes, in an amount of up to 0.5% by weight in mouthwashes and in an amount of up to 5% by weight in mouthwash concentrates.

The oral, dental and / or denture care products according to the invention preferably contain, as solubilizers for aromatic oils which may be present, addition products of 20 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with hardened or unhardened castor oil (ie with oxystearic acid or ricinoleic acid triglyceride), with glycerol mono- and / or distearate or on sorbitan mono- and / or distearate. Natural sweeteners such as sucrose, maltose, lactose and fructose or synthetic sweeteners such as, for example, the sodium salt of saccharin, sodium cyclamate, acesulfame, aspartame or glycyrrhizin can also be contained as sweeteners.

Water-soluble dyes such as patent blue V, quinoline yellow or culinary red A are suitable as colorants for mouthwashes, and color pigments such as e.g. Titanium oxide suitable.

Other common additives for mouth, tooth and / or denture care products are, for example, pH adjusting agents and buffer substances such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, phosphoric acid or acid salts, such as NaH ₂ P0 ₄ wound healing and anti-inflammatory substances such as allantoin, Urea, panthenol, azulene or chamomile extract, other substances effective against calculus such as organophosphonates, for example hydroxyethane diphosphonates or azacycloheptane diphosphonate, preservatives such as sorbic acid salts, sodium benzoate, chlorhexidine digluconate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid or their esters. Plaque inhibitors such as hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine, hexetidine, triclosan, bromochlorophene, phenylsalicylic acid ester.

In a particular embodiment, the composition is a mouthwash, a mouthwash, a denture cleaner or a denture adhesive.

For denture cleaners, in particular denture cleaning tablets and powders, in addition to the ingredients already mentioned for mouth, tooth and / or denture care, per-compounds such as peroxoborate, peroxomonosulfate or percarbonate are suitable as additional active ingredients. They have the advantage that they have a deodorising and / or disinfecting effect in addition to the bleaching effect. The use of such per connections in Prosthesis cleaner is between 0.01 and 10% by weight, in particular between 0.5 and 5% by weight.

Enzymes such as e.g. Proteases and carbohydrase, suitable for breaking down proteins and carbohydrates. The pH can be between pH 4 and pH 12, in particular between pH 5 and pH 11.

In addition, further auxiliaries necessary for the denture cleaning tablets, such as agents that produce a bubbling effect, such as C0 ₂ releasing substances such as sodium bicarbonate, fillers such as sodium sulfate or dextrose, lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide and granulating, like the already mentioned high molecular weight polyethylene glycols or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Denture adhesives can be offered as powders, creams, foils or liquids and support the adhesion of the dentures.

Natural and synthetic swelling agents are suitable as active ingredients. In addition to alginates, plant gums such as e.g. Examples include gum arabic, tragacanth and karaya gum, as well as natural rubber. In particular, alginates and synthetic swelling agents, e.g. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, high molecular weight ethylene oxide copolymers, salts of poly (vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) and polyacrylamides have been proven.

Particularly suitable auxiliaries for pasty and liquid products are hydrophobic bases, in particular hydrocarbons, such as white petroleum jelly (DAB) or paraffin oil.

Detergents and cleaning agents

According to a further particular embodiment, the substances according to the invention are added to washing and / or cleaning agents. The invention therefore furthermore relates to the use of substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols in washing and / or cleaning agents for inhibiting the adhesion of microorganisms. The detergents and cleaning agents can contain relatively small amounts of substances according to the invention without polluting the waste water. Since they are used in concentrated form and diluted to the correspondingly effective concentrations in the wash liquor, the active compounds must be used in a correspondingly higher concentration. Dilutions of the washing and cleaning agents with water between 1: 40 and 1: 200 are common. The anti-adhesive substances according to the invention are therefore preferably present in the washing and / or cleaning agents in amounts of up to 10% by weight. Concentrations of 0.1 to 5.0% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 2% by weight are particularly preferred. A concentration is very particularly preferably selected so that when diluting to the wash liquor or, if a different detergent concentrate is used, a final concentration in the wash liquor or in the cleaner solution of between 0.02 and 0 when diluting to the finished detergent. 5 wt .-%, in particular between 0.05 and 0.2 wt .-%.

The substances according to the invention can also be added to cleaning agents which are used for cleaning hard surfaces, such as floors, tiles, tiles, plastics and other hard surfaces in the household or in the doctor's office, in order to prevent the adhesion of microorganisms.

In the broadest sense, detergents and cleaning agents in the context of the invention include preparations in solid form (particles, powder, etc.), semi-solid form (pastes, etc.), liquid form (solutions, emulsions, suspensions, gels, etc.) and gas-like form ( Aerosols etc.) understood, which contain one or more surfactants with a view to an advantageous effect during use, usually in addition to other components which are customary for the respective application. examples for Such surfactant-containing preparations are surfactant-containing detergent preparations, surfactant-containing cleaning agents for hard surfaces, or surfactant-containing finishing agents, which can each be solid or liquid, but can also be in a form which comprises solid and liquid components or partial amounts of the components next to one another.

The detergents and cleaning agents can usually contain ingredients such as anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, inorganic and organic builder substances, special polymers (for example those with cobuilder properties), foam inhibitors, dyes and, if appropriate, additional fragrances (perfumes), bleaches (such as for example peroxo bleach and chlorine bleach), bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes and graying inhibitors, without the ingredients being restricted to these substance groups. Important ingredients of these preparations are often also washing aids, for which exemplary and non-limiting optical brighteners, UV protection substances, so-called soil repellents, that is to say polymers which counteract re-soiling of fibers, are understood. The individual substance groups are explained in more detail below.

In the event that the preparations are at least partially in the form of moldings, binding and disintegration aids can also be present.

For example, anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof can be used as surfactants.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9- 1 ₃ alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates and disulfonates, as obtained, for example from Cι _2- i ₈ monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond is obtained by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Are also suitable Alkane sulfonates which are obtained for example from C ₂ -ι ₈ alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. The esters of 2-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the 2-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol become. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of the Ci ₂ -C ₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₀ -C ₂ o- Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. In washing and cleaning agents are the C- ₂ -C ₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₂ -C- | ₅ - alkyl sulfates and -C ₅ alkyl sulfates preferred. In addition, 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^®, are suitable anionic surfactants.

Also, the Schwefelsäuremonoester the ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide chain or branched C ι _-2-alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-n-alcohols containing on average 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C ι _{12- 8} - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in washing and cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also known as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain Cs-iβ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The sodium or potassium salts are preferred, in particular the sodium salts. The surfactants can also be used in the form of their magnesium salts.

For the purposes of the present invention, preference is given to agents which contain 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 25% by weight, of one or more anionic surfactant (s). The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. However, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, Ci ₂ -ι ₄ alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-n alcohol with 7 EO, Cι _3- ι ₅ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₂ .ι ₈ alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C ₂ -ι ₄ alcohol containing 3 EO and Cι ι _{2- 8} alcohol containing 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R represents a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms, and G is the Symbol that is preferred for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms stands for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.

The surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, with APG contents of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the entire preparation, of the preparations intended for washing, rinsing or cleaning purposes being preferred. Particularly preferred surfactant-containing preparations contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.5 to 3% by weight.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (XIII),

R ⁵

I

R ⁴ -CO-N- [Z ¹ ] (XIII)

in the R CO for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ⁵ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z ¹ ] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups stands. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (XIV)

R ⁷ -0-R ⁸

I

R ⁶ -CO-N- [Z ² ] (XIV)

in which R ^{6 is} a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{7 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical is 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{8 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or Aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C _-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z ² ] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propxylated derivatives of this residue. [Z ² ] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, as described in WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

It may furthermore be preferred to use cationic surfactants in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants.

Cationic surfactants may be mentioned in particular as textile softening substances. Examples of cationic surfactants are in particular quaternary ammonium compounds, cationic polymers and emulsifiers.

Suitable examples are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formulas (XV) and (XVI)

where in (XV) R ^a and R ^{b is} an acyclic alkyl radical having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R ^{c is} a saturated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, R ^{d is} either equal to R ^a , R ^b or R ^c or for one aromatic rest stands. X ^" stands for either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof. Examples of cationic compounds of the formula (XV) are didecyldimethylammonium chloride, ditallow dimethylammonium chloride or dihexadecylammonium chloride.

Compounds of the formula (XVI) are so-called ester quats. Esterquats are characterized by excellent biodegradability. Here, R ^{e represents} an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; R ^f stands for H, OH or 0 (CO) R ^h , R ⁹ stands independently of R ^f represents H, OH or 0 (CO) R ', where R ^h and R' each independently represent an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, m, n and p can each independently have the value 1, 2 or 3. X ^" can be either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof. Preferred compounds are those which contain the group 0 (CO) R ^h for R ^f and alkyl radicals having 16 to 18 carbon atoms for R ^c and R ^h Compounds in which R ^{9 is} also OH are particularly preferred, and examples of compounds of the formula (XII) are methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-di (tallow acyl-oxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate, bis - (palmitoyl) -ethyl-hydroxyethyl-methyl-ammonium-methosulfate or methyl-N, N-bis (acyloxyethyl) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium-methosulfate.

If quaternized compounds of the formula (XVI) are used which have unsaturated alkyl chains, preference is given to the acyl groups whose corresponding fatty acids have an iodine number between 5 and 80, preferably between 10 and 60 and in particular between 15 and 45 and which have a cis / trans isomer ratio (in% by weight) of greater than 30:70, preferably greater than 50:50 and in particular greater than 70:30. Commercial examples are dialkoyloxyalkylammoniummethosulfate sold by Stepan under the name Stepantex® ^® methyl hydroxyalkyl or known by Dehyquart® ^® products from Cognis or known by Rewoquat ^® products from Goldschmidt-Witco. Further preferred compounds are the diesterquats corresponding to formula (XVII), under the name Rewoquat ^® W 222 LM or CR 3099 are available and provide in addition to the softness also for stability and color protection.

R ^k and R ¹ each independently represent an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds. In addition to the quaternary compounds described above, other known compounds can also be used, such as quaternary imidazolinium compounds of the formula (XVIII),

+ (XVIII)

where R ^{m is} H or a saturated alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁿ and R ° independently of one another each represent an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R ^{n can} alternatively also stand for 0 (CO) R ^p , wherein R ^{p represents} an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and Z represents an NH group or oxygen and X ^{~ is} an anion. q can take integer values between 1 and 4.

Further suitable quaternary compounds are described by formula (XIX)

wherein R ^q, R ^r and R ^s independently represents a Cι_ alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group, R * and R are each independently selected ^υ a C ₈ _2 ₈ - represents alkyl group and r is a number between 0 and 5.

In addition to the compounds of the formulas XV to XIX, it is also possible to use short-chain, water-soluble, quaternary ammonium compounds, such as trihydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate or the alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkylmethylammonium chlorides, for. B. cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, distea ryldimethylammonium chloride, lauryldimethylammonium chloride, lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tricetylmethylammonium chloride.

Protonated alkylamine compounds which have a plasticizing effect and the non-quaternized, protonated precursors of the cationic emulsifiers are also suitable.

The quaternized protein hydrolyzates are further cationic compounds which can be used according to the invention.

Suitable cationic polymers include the polyquaternium polymers as described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance, Inc., 1997), in particular the polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium- also known as merquats. 10-polymers (Ucare Polymer IR 400; Amerchol), polyquaternium-4 copolymers, such as graft copolymers with a cellulose skeleton and quaternary ammonium groups which are bonded via allyldimethylammonium chloride, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as cationic guar, such as guar-hydroxypropyltriammonium chloride, and similar quaternary chloride, Derivatives (e.g. Cosmedia Guar, manufacturer: Cognis GmbH), cationic quaternary sugar derivatives (cationic alkyl polyglucosides), e.g. B. the commercial product Glucquat ^® 100, according to CTFA nomenclature a "Lauryl Methyl Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl Dimonium Chloride", copolymers of PVP and dimethylaminomethacrylate, copolymers of vinylimidazole and vinylpyrrolidone, aminosilicone polymers and copolymers,

Also employable polyquatemierte polymers (for example, Luviquat Care by BASF.), And cationic biopolymers based on chitin and derivatives thereof, for example, under the trade designation chitosan ^® (manufacturer: Cognis) polymer obtainable.

Also suitable according to the invention are cationic silicone oils, such as, for example, the commercially available products Q2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (containing tend a hydroxyl-amino-modified silicone, which is also known as amodimethicone), SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) Abil ^® -Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo; diquartare Polydimethylsiloxane, Quatemium-80), and Siliconquat Rewoquat ^® SQ 1 (Tegopren ^® 6922, manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo).

Compounds of the formula (XX) can also be used,

the alkylamidoamines can be in their non-quaternized or, as shown, their quaternized form. R ^v can be an aliphatic acyl radical with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, s can take values between 0 and 5. R ^w and R ^x each independently represent H, C-ι_ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl. Preferred compounds are fatty acid amidoamines such as the stearylamidopropyldimethylamine available under the name Tego Amid ^® S 18 or the 3-tallowamidopropyl trimethylammonium methosulfate available under the name Stepantex ^® X 9124, which, in addition to having a good conditioning effect, also have an ink transfer inhibiting effect and especially their good effect distinguish biodegradability.

If cationic surfactants are used, they are preferably present in the preparations in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.

The total surfactant content in the agents according to the invention can be between 5 and 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight. In addition to the surfactants, builders are the most important ingredients in detergents and cleaning agents. The surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention can usually contain builders used in washing and cleaning agents, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x θ2 _X + ι H ₂ 0, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. Particularly Both .beta.- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ θ ₅ ^■ yH ₂ 0 are preferred, with beta-sodium disilicate being obtainable for example by the method / described in the international patent application WO-A-91 08,171th

Amorphous sodium silicates with a module Na ₂ 0: Si0 ₂ from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed in dissolving and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying. So-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. The products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred. An optionally used finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Zeolite P-type is particularly preferred as zeolite MAP (eg commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield). However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ^® and by the formula

nNa ₂ 0 ^■ (1-n) K ₂ 0 ^■ Al ₂ 0 ₃ ^■ (2 - 2.5) Si0 ₂ ^■ (3.5 - 5.5) H ₂ 0

can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

It is of course also possible to use the generally known phosphates as builders in detergents, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable.

Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. For example, these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as long as their use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used. The In addition to their builder action, acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to establish a lower and milder pH of surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention. In this context, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these should be mentioned in particular.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders. These are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of the present invention, the molar masses given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrene acids are generally significantly higher than the molar masses specified in the context of the present invention.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates with molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid have been particularly suitable Maleic acid proven to contain 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Their relative molar mass, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain, as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.

Also to be mentioned as further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, some of which, in addition to co-builder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are derived from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, Terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and obtained from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed, processes. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol. A polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, is preferred, DE being a customary measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which is a DE of 100 owns. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2,000 to 30,000 g / mol can be used. A preferred dextrin is described in British patent application 94 19 091.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. An oxidized oligosaccharide is also suitable, although a product oxidized at Cβ of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are further suitable co-builders. Ethylene diamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of the sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts used in zeolite and / or silicate formulations are 3 to 15% by weight. Further usable organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and at most two acid groups.

Another class of substances with co-builder properties are the phosphonates. These are in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetra sodium salt alkaline (pH = 9). Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are

Ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP),

Diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) as well as their higher homologues in question. They are preferably in the form of the neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. used as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta and octasodium salt of DTPMP. HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, in particular if the surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention also contain bleach, it may be preferred to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are able to form complexes with alkaline earth metal ions can be used as co-builders.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other usable bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ 0 ₂ -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Become Prepared for cleaning or bleaching preparations for automatic dishwashing, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxy acids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-per-oxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamido operadipic acid and N-succinate; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1, 4-diacid, N, N-di-terephthaloylophenoyl ) can be used.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C. and below, bleach activators can be incorporated into the surfactant-containing preparations. Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Substances are suitable which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred are polyacylated alkylenediamines, especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, especially N-nonanoyl succinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetate, ethylene glycol, diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran. In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the surfactant-containing preparations. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or -carbonylkomp.exe. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.

Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymatic active ingredients obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used. Enzyme mixtures, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or of cellulase and lipase or of protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase, are of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.

A preferred group of suitable additives are optical brighteners. The optical brighteners customary in detergents can be used here. Examples of optical brighteners are derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. salts of 4, 4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholinol, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino-) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure, which instead of the morpholino group a Diethanol- amino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the type of the substituted diphenylstyryl can be used in the partial portions (washing-active preparations) the surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention may be included, for. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl-) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl-) diphenyl or 4- (4-chlorostyryl-) 4 '- (2nd -sulfostyryl-) biphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention are UV protection substances. UV absorbers can absorb onto the treated textiles and improve the lightfastness of the fibers and / or the lightfastness of the other recipe components. UV absorbers are understood to mean organic substances (light protection filters) which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat. Compounds which have these desired properties are, for example, the compounds and derivatives of benzophenone which are active by radiationless deactivation and have substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Substituted benzotriazoles, such as, for example, the water-soluble benzenesulfonic acid 3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxy-5- (methylpropyl) monosodium salt (Cibafast ^® H), in the 3-position phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) , optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanoic acid. The biphenyl and, above all, stilbene derivatives described, for example in EP 0728749 A and are available as Tinosorb FD ^{® ®} or Tinosorb FR ex Ciba commercially. 3-Benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcampher and its derivatives, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, are to be mentioned as UV-B absorbers, as described in EP 0693471 B1; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4-

2-ethylhexyl (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate; Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene); Esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbenzyl ester, salicylic acid homomenthyl ester; Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4- methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate; Triazine derivatives, such as, for example, 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine and octyl triazone, as described in EP 0818450 A1 or dioctyl butamido triazone (Uvasorb® HEB); Propane-1,3-diones such as 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione; Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives, as described in EP 0694521 B1. Also suitable are 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;

Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzene-sulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.

Derivatives of benzoylmethane, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl, are particularly suitable as typical UV-A filters -4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1, 3-dione and enamine compounds as described in DE 19712033 A1 (BASF). The UV-A and UV-B filters can of course also be used in mixtures. In addition to the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble light-protection pigments, namely finely dispersed, preferably nanoized metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof. Silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used as salts. The oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They can have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape which differs in some other way from the spherical shape. The pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobicized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Silicones, and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones, are particularly suitable as hydrophobic coating agents. Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used. Further suitable UV light protection filters can be found in the overview by P.Finkel in SÖFW-Journal 122, 543 (1996).

The UV absorbers are usually used in amounts of from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.03% by weight to 1% by weight.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention are dyes, in particular water-soluble or water-dispersible dyes. Dyes are preferred here, as are usually used to improve the optical product appearance in the washing, rinsing, cleaning and textile treatment agents according to the invention. The choice of such dyes does not pose any difficulties for the person skilled in the art, in particular since such customary dyes have a long shelf life and are insensitive to the other ingredients of the detergent preparations and to light, and have no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to dye them. According to the invention, the dyes are present in the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention in amounts of less than 0.01% by weight.

Another class of additives that can be added to the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention are polymers. Among these polymers are, on the one hand, polymers which show cobuilder properties during washing or cleaning or rinsing, for example polyacrylic acids, also modified polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers. Another group of polymers are polyvinyl pyrrolidone and other graying inhibitors, such as copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose ether and the like. So-called soil repellents, as are described in detail below, are also preferred as polymers. As further additives according to the invention, the detergents and cleaning agents can also contain so-called soil repellents, that is to say polymers which attach to fibers, have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles and thus counteract any soiling in a targeted manner. This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention which contains this oil and fat-dissolving component. The preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxy groups of 1 to 15% by weight in each case based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.

In particular if the preparations are liquid or gel, they can also contain solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are monohydric or polyhydric alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred alcohols are ethanol, 1, 2-propanediol, glycerin and any mixtures thereof. The solvents can be contained in liquid preparations in an amount of 2 to 12% by weight, based on the finished preparation.

The additives mentioned are added to the washing and / or cleaning agents in amounts of at most 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

This list of detergent and cleaning agent ingredients that can occur in the washing, rinsing or cleaning agents according to the invention is by no means exhaustive, but merely reflects the essential typical ingredients of such agents. In particular, as far as liquid or gel preparations are concerned, organic agents can also be used in the agents Solvent may be included. It is preferably monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred alcohols in such agents are ethanol, 1, 2-propanediol, glycerol and mixtures of these alcohols. In preferred embodiments, such agents contain 2 to 12% by weight of such alcohols.

According to a particular embodiment, liquid or solid detergents are particularly preferred. Also particularly preferred are detergents and cleaning agents that are suitable for delicates or gentle treatment of sensitive textiles.

In particular, textile care products are also, in particular

Textile aftertreatment agents, preferably textile conditioning agents, fabric softeners or dryer sheets, which contain substances which influence the dimorphism of fungi.

Depending on the intended use, additional ingredients can be used. Fabric softener compositions for rinse bath finishing are widely described in the prior art. Typically, these compositions contain as the active substance a cationic quaternary ammonium compound which is dispersed in water. Depending on the content of active substance in the finished plasticizer composition, one speaks of dilute, ready-to-use products (active substance contents below 7% by weight) or so-called concentrates (active substance content above 7% by weight). Because of the lower volume and the associated lower packaging and transport costs, the textile softener concentrates have advantages from an ecological point of view and have become more and more established on the market. Due to the incorporation of cationic compounds, which have only a low solubility in water, conventional fabric softener compositions are in the form of dispersions, have a milky, cloudy appearance and are not translucent. For reasons of product aesthetics, however, it may also be desirable to provide the consumer with translucent, clear fabric softeners that stand out visually from the known products. As fabric softening active substance, fabric softeners according to the invention preferably contain cationic surfactants, which have already been described in detail above. These agents according to the invention particularly preferably contain so-called ester quats. While there are a large number of possible compounds from this class of substances, esterquats are used according to the invention with particular preference which can be prepared in a manner known per se by reacting trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, optionally subsequent alkoxylation of the reaction product and quaternization is described in DE 195 39 846.

The esterquats produced in this way are outstandingly suitable for producing portions according to the invention which can be used as fabric softeners. Since, depending on the choice of the trialkanolamine, the fatty acids and the dicarboxylic acids and the quaternizing agent, a large number of suitable products can be prepared and used in the agents according to the invention, a description of the esterquats to be used according to the invention via their route of production is more precise than the specification of a general formula.

The components mentioned, which react with one another to give the esterquats to be used with preference, can be used in varying proportions to one another. In the context of the present invention, fabric softeners are preferred in which a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, which optionally alkoxylates and then in itself was known to be quaternized, in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30% by weight. The use of triethanolamine is particularly preferred, so that further preferred fabric softeners of the present invention are a reaction product of triethanolamine with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, which if appropriate alkoxylated and then in a conventional manner was quaternized, in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30 wt .-%.

All acids obtained from vegetable or animal oils and fats can be used as fatty acids in the reaction mixture to produce the esterquats. A fatty acid that is not solid at room temperature, i.e. pasty to liquid, fatty acid can be used.

The fatty acids can be saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated regardless of their physical state. Of course, not only "pure" fatty acids can be used, but also the technical fatty acid mixtures obtained from the cleavage of fats and oils, these mixtures again being clearly preferred from an economic point of view.

For example, individual species or mixtures of the following acids can be used in the reaction mixtures for producing the ester quats for the clear aqueous fabric softener according to the invention: caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecano-12-ol acid, arachic acid, behenic acid , Lignoceric acid, cerotinic acid, melissic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, petroselinic acid, petroselaidic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linolaidic acid, α- and ß-elaestainic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid. Of course, the fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms can also be used, for example undecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid.

In the context of the present invention, the use of fatty acids of the formula XIII in the reaction mixture for the preparation of the esterquats is preferred, so that preferred fabric softener is a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids of the formula XXI, R ¹ -CO-OH (XXI)

in which R1-CO- is an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5 : 1, which was optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized in a manner known per se, contained in the compositions in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30% by weight.

Suitable dicarboxylic acids which are suitable for producing the esterquats to be used in the agents according to the invention are, in particular, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated α, D dicarboxylic acids. Examples include the saturated species oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanoic and dodecanoic acid, brassylic acid, tetra- and pentadecanoic acid, thapic acid as well as hepta-, octa- and nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and called phellogenic acid. Dicarboxylic acids which follow the general formula XIII are preferably used in the reaction mixture, so that agents according to the invention are preferred which contain a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids of the formula XXII,

HO-OC- [X] -CO-OH (XXII)

in which X represents an optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, which was optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized in a manner known per se, in quantities from 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30% by weight in the compositions.

Of the large number of esterquats that can be prepared and used according to the invention, those in which the alkanolamine is treithanolamine and the dicarboxylic acid is adipic acid have proven particularly useful. Thus in Within the scope of the present invention, agents are particularly preferred which contain a reaction product of triethanolamine with a mixture of fatty acids and adipic acid in a molar ratio of 1: 5 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 3 to 3: 1, which was subsequently quaternized in a manner known per se, contained in the compositions in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30% by weight

Depending on whether they are formulated as textile detergents, washing aids or fabric softeners, the agents according to the invention can also be provided with additional benefits. For example, color transfer inhibiting compositions, agents with an "anti-gray formula", agents with ironing relief, agents with special fragrance release, agents with improved dirt release or prevention of re-soiling, antibacterial agents, UV protection agents, color-refreshing agents, etc. can be formulated. Some examples are explained below:

Since textile fabrics, in particular made from rayon, rayon, cotton and their mixtures, can be wrinkled because the individual fibers prevent bending and kinking. If pressing and squeezing across the grain are sensitive, the agents according to the invention can contain synthetic anti-crease agents. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters. Fatty acid amides, alkylol esters, alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are mostly reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid esters.

Increased wearing comfort can result from the additional use of antistatic agents, which are additionally added to the agents according to the invention. Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus enable the flow of charges that have formed to improve. External antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecular ligand and give a more or less hygroscopic film on the surfaces. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be broken down into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and Subdivide sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents. Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are suitable as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, with an additional softening effect.

To improve the water absorption capacity, the rewettability of the treated textiles and to facilitate the ironing of the treated textiles, for example silicone derivatives can be used in the agents according to the invention. These additionally improve the rinsing behavior of the agents according to the invention due to their foam-inhibiting properties. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylarylsiloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are wholly or partially fluorinated. Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which can optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds. The viscosities of the preferred silicones at 25 ° C. are in the range between 100 and 100,000 centistokes, the silicones being used in amounts between 0.2 and 5% by weight, based on the total agent.

Finally, the agents according to the invention can also contain UV absorbers, which absorb onto the treated textiles and improve the light resistance of the fibers. Compounds which have these desired properties are, for example, the compounds and derivatives of benzophenone which are active by radiationless deactivation and have substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanoic acid are also suitable. Other items

With a view to reducing the adhesion of molds in particular, further objects of the present invention are also packaging, in particular packaging for foodstuffs, and filter media, building materials, construction aids, textiles, furs, paper, skins or leather, the anti-adhesive substances according to the invention for reducing contain the adhesion of fungi to surfaces and / or which have been equipped with anti-adhesive substances according to the invention.

The packaging, surfaces, textiles, furs, skins or leather are finished in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by immersing or spraying the paper or the textiles, furs, skins or leather in a suitably concentrated solution of anti-adhesive substances according to the invention. For example, works of art on paper, parchment, wood and / or canvas can also be protected from, or freed from, fungi, in particular mold. The filter media, building materials or building materials are equipped, for example, by mechanical incorporation or application of a suitably concentrated solution of an agent according to the invention in or on the filter media, building materials or building materials.

The building materials or auxiliary materials equipped according to the invention are preferably selected from adhesives, sealants, fillers and paints, plastics, paints, paints, plaster, mortar, screed, concrete, insulating materials and primers. Particularly preferred building materials or auxiliary materials are joint sealants (for example silicone-containing joint sealants), wallpaper paste, plaster, carpet fixers, silicone adhesives, tile adhesives.

Sealants and especially joint sealants typically contain organic polymers and, in many cases, mineral or organic fillers and other additives. Suitable polymers are, for example, thermoplastic elastomers, as described in DE-A-3602526 by the applicant, preferably polyurethanes and acrylates. Suitable polymers are also mentioned in the published patent applications DE-A-3726547, DE-A-4029504 and DE-A-4009095 by the applicant and in DE-A-19704553 and DE-A-4233077, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety ,

The sealing compounds (sealants or

Sealant mixtures) preferably contain 0.01-2.0% by weight of anti-adhesive substances according to the invention. Ranges between 0.1 and 1.0% by weight are particularly preferred.

According to the invention, the sealants according to the invention can be finished either in the uncured state or at a temperature below 60 ° C. In the context of the invention, sealants are materials in accordance with DIN EN 26927, in particular those which harden plastically or elastically as sealants. The sealants according to the invention can contain all additives typical of the corresponding sealants, e.g. contain typical thickeners, reinforcing fillers, crosslinkers, crosslinking catalysts, pigments, adhesives or other volume extenders. Sealants containing anti-adhesive substances according to the invention can be dispersed in by dispersion in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. through the use of dispersing devices, kneaders, planetary mixers etc., with the exclusion of moisture and oxygen, both in the finished and in parts of these sealing compounds or together with one or more components of the sealing compounds.

Even the treatment of already hardened, crosslinked sealant surfaces can be carried out by applying solutions or suspensions of the substance used according to the invention by transporting the active ingredient into the sealant by swelling or diffusion. Sealants which can be used according to the invention can be produced both on a silicone, urethane and acrylic basis. Urethane-based sealants are disclosed, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (8th edition 2003, chapter 4) and US 4,417,042.

Silicone sealants are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from EP 0 118 030 A, EP 0 316 591 A, EP 0 327 847 A, EP 0 553 143 A, DE 195 49 425 A and US 4,417,042.

Examples of acrylic sealants include disclosed in WO 01/09249 or US 5,077,360.

Systems which crosslink at room temperature, as described, for example, in EP 0 327 847 or US Pat. No. 5,077,360, are particularly preferred. These can be single-component or multi-component systems, the catalyst and crosslinker being able to be present separately in the multi-component systems (for example disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,891,400 and 5,502,144), or other so-called silicone RVT 2K systems, in particular platinum-free systems ,

So-called one-component systems are particularly preferred which contain all the ingredients for building up a sealing compound, are stored with the exclusion of atmospheric moisture and / or atmospheric oxygen and cure at the place of use in reaction with the atmospheric oxygen. The so-called silicone neutral systems are particularly preferred, in which the implementation of crosslinking agents with the water in the ambient air does not lead to corrosive, acidic, basic or odor-intensive fission products. Examples of such systems are disclosed in DE 195 49 425, US 4,417,042 or EP 0 327 847.

The sealing compounds and in particular joint sealing compounds can contain aqueous or organic solvents. Suitable organic solvents are hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, toluene or xylene or petroleum ether. Other suitable solvents are ketones such as methyl butyl ketone or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The sealants may also contain other rubber-like polymers. Relatively low molecular weight, commercially available types of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene styrene can be used here. It is also possible to use degraded natural rubber or neoprene rubber. Flowable types, which are often referred to as "liquid rubber", can also be used here at room temperature.

The sealing compounds according to the invention can be used to connect or seal the most diverse materials together. The primary focus here is on concrete, glass, plaster and / or enamel, as well as ceramics and porcelain. But it is also possible to connect or seal molded parts or profiles made of aluminum, steel, zinc or plastics such as PVC or polyurethane or acrylic resins. Finally, the sealing of wood or wood materials with various other materials should be mentioned.

The stability of joint sealants is usually achieved by adding fine-particle solids - also called fillers. These can be divided into organic and inorganic types. Examples of preferred inorganic fillers are silica / silicon dioxide (coated or uncoated), chalk - coated or uncoated - and / or zeolites. The latter can also act as desiccants. As an organic filler comes e.g. B. PVC powder into consideration. The fillers generally make a significant contribution to the sealing compound having a necessary internal hold after use, so that the sealing compound is prevented from leaking or bulging out of vertical joints. The additives or fillers mentioned can be divided into pigments and thixotropic fillers, also abbreviated as thixotropic agents.

Suitable thixotropic agents are the known thixotropic agents such as bentones, kaolins or else organic compounds such as hydrogenated castor oil or derivatives thereof with polyfunctional amines or the reaction products of stearic acid or ricinoleic acid with ethylenediamine. As The use of silica, in particular silica from pyrolysis, has proven to be particularly favorable. Also suitable as thixotropic agents are essentially swellable polymer powders. Examples include polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic acid esters,

Polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates and the corresponding copolymers. Particularly good results can be obtained with fine-particle polyvinyl chloride powder. In addition to the thixotropic agents, adhesion promoters such as mercaptoalkylsilane can also be used. Here it has proven to be advantageous to use a monomer captoalkyl trialkoxysilane. For example, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is commercially available.

The properties of a joint sealant can be further improved if additional components are added to the plastic powder used as a thixotropic agent. These are substances that fall under the category of plasticizers or swelling agents and swelling aids used for plastics.

There are z. B. plasticizers, in particular for the sealing compounds based on urethane or acrylic from the class of phthalic acid into consideration. Examples of applicable compounds from this class of substances are dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and benzyl butyl phthalate. Other suitable classes of substances are chlorinated paraffins, alkyl sulfonic acid esters, such as phenols or cresols, and fatty acid esters.

For the silicone sealants as a plasticizer are silicone oils, particularly preferably polydimethylsiloxanes, as well as hydrocarbons and / or mixtures thereof, of which particularly hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof having a boiling point of greater than 200 ^C C, in particular greater than 230 ° C is well suited.

Such low molecular weight organic substances which are miscible with the polymer powder and the plasticizer can be used as swelling aids. Such swelling aids can be found in the relevant plastic and polymer manuals for the person skilled in the art. As preferred swelling aids for Polyvinyl chloride powder is used for esters, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl substituents.

The pigments and dyes used are the substances known for these purposes, such as titanium dioxide, iron oxides and carbon black

As is known, stabilizers such as benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, carbodiimides and / or polycarbodiimides are added to the sealants to improve the storage stability. Olefins with 8 to 20 carbon atoms have proven to be particularly good stabilizers. In addition to the stabilizing effect, these can also perform plasticizer or swelling agent functions. Olefins having 8 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred, in particular if the double bond is arranged in the 1,2 position. The best results are obtained if the molecular structure of these stabilizers is linear.

When using anti-adhesive substances according to the invention in building materials and building auxiliaries which are at risk of mold, in particular in sealing compounds and particularly preferably in jointing compounds, several desired effects are achieved by reducing the adhesion of molds to surfaces: discoloration due to pigmented molds is prevented, it is prevented The spread of mold growth is delayed and the allergen load is reduced.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention are wallpaper adhesives, preferably containing 0.01 to 3% by weight of substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols. The wallpaper glue can be wallpaper paste from aqueous solutions of hydrocolloids such as methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose or water-soluble

Starch derivatives or, for example, aqueous dispersions of film-forming high molecules such as polyvinyl acetate, in particular in connection with the cellulose and starch derivatives already mentioned. All known types can be used as filter media, as long as they are suitable for use in water or air filter systems, in particular for air conditioning systems or room humidifiers. In particular, filter materials made of cellulose, glass fibers, PVC fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, in particular nylon fibers, nonwovens, sintered materials and membrane filters are to be mentioned.

The concentration of the anti-adhesive substances to be used to reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces in the agents according to the invention can be varied within a wide range by the person skilled in the art, depending on the conditions of use of the agents.

The agents according to the invention are produced according to customary recipes known to those skilled in the art. The anti-adhesive substances are preferably added to the already prepared agents, but they can also be added during the manufacturing process if so desired.

Examples

The examples given below are intended to explain the invention in more detail without restricting it thereto.

Microtiter plate test to determine the adhesion of Candida albicans SC5314 to SK-LMS-1 human cells under the influence of active ingredients. From a preculture of C. albicans, a stationary culture in 50 ml YPD medium (pH 6.0) is grown for 16 h and the cell number then set to 2x10 ⁷ . 100μg / ml of the active ingredient (dissolved in 75μl DMSO) are added to the cells and incubated for 2 hours at 30 ° C. with shaking. After removing the active ingredient and washing with YPD medium, the pH is adjusted to 4.5 and 200 μl of the culture to human cells (CLS-345; squamous cell carcinoma, mouth or SK-LMS-1; leiomyosarcoma, vulva) in 6-well Given cell culture dishes. After two hours of incubation at 37 ° C, calcofluor (12.5μg / ml) is added and incubated for 30min. Unbound Calcoflour and cells are removed by washing twice with PBS buffer (without KCI) and the number of adhered cells is determined in a Flouroskan MTP fluorescence reader. As a control, human cells without Candida (K1), adherence without active ingredient (K2), adherence with solvent without active ingredient (K3) and adherence with the addition of 5μg / ml amphotericin, dissolved in DMSO (K4), were measured. By adding Citronellyl silica ester, the inhibition of the adhesion was achieved by 100%.

Determination of the adherence of Candida albicans SC5314 to "human buccal ephithel cells" (HBEC) under the influence of active substances

With a suitable aid, HBE cells are removed from the oral mucosa and taken up in 4-8 ml 1 x PBS for cell cultures (GIBCO, pH 7.2). The cell count is determined in the cell counter (approx. 3-4 x 10 ⁵ cells per ml). The cells are washed once more with 1 x PBS and adjusted to a concentration of 2 x 10 ⁵ / ml in 1 x PBS. The cells are now ready for use in the adhesion test. About 20 hours before the test, 5 × 10 ⁵ Candida albicans SC5314 cells are counted in 20 ml of YPD [2% (w / v) Dextrose, 2% (w / v) peptone, 1% (w / v) yeast extract, pH 6.0]. This culture is cultivated at 30 ° C for 16 h. The cell number is then adjusted to 2 × 10 ⁷ / ml in 1 ml of YPD medium by cell counting. These 1 ml C. a / ö / cans cells with the active ingredient (100 μg / ml) and as a control with the corresponding amount of solvent without active ingredient are shaken at 30 ° C. in 15 ml glass centrifuge tubes. After removal of the active ingredient by washing twice with 1 x PBS, the number of living cells in comparison to the controls is checked by plating out 100 .mu.l of a 10 ^"4 dilution on YPD plates. Now 1 ml HBEC in 1 x PBS (2 x 10 ⁵ cells) and 1 ml Cand / da cells in 1 x PBS (2 x 10 ⁷ ) incubated together for 2 h at 37 ° C. Finally, the HBEC are viewed under a microscope with a 40x objective 100 individual HBECs are examined for adhesion of C. albicans If the number of HBECs without adhered C. albicans cells in the control without active ingredient is half as high as under the influence of active ingredient, this corresponds to an inhibition of 100%.

Adhesion assay on denture acrylic with C. albicans K 6710

Methacrylate platelets were used as the germ carrier, and the active substance to be tested was used in a concentration of 100 μg / ml (double determination).

To carry out the adhesion assay, the Candida cells were grown in

50 ml SD broth (30 ° C, 150 rpm), then the cells were distilled in bidist.

Resuspended water and set an optical density (OD ₆ oo) of 1.

The cells were then left to starve at 30 ° C. (150 rpm) for 2 hours. A yeast (Y) and a hyphen (H) sample were then prepared.

To prepare the yeast sample, the cells were diluted 1:10 in YPD by

Add 1 ml cells of the hunger culture to 9 ml of YPD medium. To prepare the hyphae sample, the cells were diluted 1:10 by adding 1 ml

Hunger cult with 8 ml of YP medium and 1 ml of horse serum. The germ carrier and the active ingredient to be tested were also added in each case.

After determining the initial germ content, the samples thus obtained were cultivated for 1.5 hours at 150 rpm at 30 ° C. (Y) or 37 ° C. (H). Now it became one

Inhibition control plated out and then the batches were 5x with 25ml bidest. Washed water at 200 rpm, transferred the germ carrier into 50 ml falcon tubes and 3 ml bidist. Water and 5 ml glass balls are added. The mixture was then shaken at 400 rpm for 10 min at room temperature and the germ count in the shaking liquid and on the germ carrier and the glass balls was then determined. For this purpose, the germ carrier and the glass balls were embedded in agar. The agar was incubated for> 2 days at 30 ° C.

Combination treatment with amphotericin

Paste for candida therapy of intertriginous spaces

Cream for acute local Candida infections

Combination treatment with nystatin

Paste for the treatment of candidiasis of the corners of the mouth and for intertriginous spaces

Washable emulsifier-free ointment

Greasy ointment

Hydrophilic ointments containing water (combination treatment with clotrimazole)

To assess the inhibitory effect of various substances on the adherence of fungi, a method is used with which the adhesion to textiles can be demonstrated semi-quantitatively.

A 50 ml C. albicans culture (strain SC5314) is grown overnight at 30 ° C. with shaking in an Erlenmeyer flask to an optical density (OD) of approximately 1 (measured at 600 nm using a spectrophotometer). After washing once in water, the cells are incubated again for one hour at 30 ° C. with shaking. 2.5 ml of the culture are then diluted in 22.5 ml of YPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% glucose) or YPS medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 10% horse serum). The YPD cultures are incubated for 2 hours at 30 ° C., the YPS cultures are shaken for 2 hours at 37 ° C. to induce hyphae.

Optionally, test substance is added to the media. A 2.5 x 2.5 cm piece of test fabric (polyester microfiber) is also placed in the media. After the incubation, the textile pieces are washed three times with wash liquor (Perwoll powder, 12 ml / l water) and twice with water (5 min each with shaking), then transferred to a 6-well plate and with YPD tetrazolium blue agar (1% yeast extract , 2% peptone, 2% glucose, 1, 5% agar, 0.5 mg / ml tetrazolium blue chloride).

The degree of blue coloring due to the enzymatic conversion of the dye tetrazolium blue chloride (3,3 '- [3,3'-dimethoxy (1, 1' -biphenyl) -4,4'-diyl] -bis [2,5-diphenyl- 2H-tetrazolium] dichloride (Sigma, T4375) by cellular dehydrogenases of adherent C. albicans serves as a measure of the number of adherent Candida cells and is measured by measuring the relative light reflection (measuring geometry d / 8 °) with a color difference measuring device (Dr. Lange Micro Color). The device is calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions. For this purpose, the textile lobes are released from the agar and subjected to the measurement with the color difference measuring device. The color difference measuring device determines the diffuse reflection of the samples at an angle of 8 ° according to DIN 5033. Under the selected conditions, only hyphae (in the YPS cultures) are able to adhere to textile fabrics. Yeast cells (YPD culture) are washed off completely, there is no blue staining of the tissue. The adherent hyphae (YPS) reduce the relative light reflection compared to yeast cells (YPD, reference).

Washing tests to determine the influence of the test substance on the adhesion The washing tests were carried out in commercial household washing machines (Miele W 918 Novotronic), which had been disinfected beforehand, in the easy-care program at 30 ° C. The fungal cells were applied to textile carriers (polyamide, 2.5 x 2.5 cm) (2x10 ⁵ cells / germ carrier) and washed with the detergent formulations together with 3.5 kg of disinfected filling laundry. As a comparison, washing is carried out with the same detergent without test substance. After washing and drying in air, both residual germ contamination and germ transfer to other sterile textiles are determined.

Liquid detergent with citronellyl silicic acid ester

Pre-portioned liquid detergent in polyvinyl alcohol film with citronellyl silica ester

Powder detergent with citronellyl silicic acid ester

The citronellyl silicic acid ester can also be a component of the perfume. It is then preferably contained in the perfume oil in concentrations of 0.1-80% and is added to the wash liquor via the perfume oil contained in the detergent formulation.

mouthwash

denture adhesives:

Claims

claims

1. Use of substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols to reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the microorganisms are human pathogenic fungi.

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microorganisms are yeasts, molds, dermatophytes and / or keratinophilic fungi.

4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microorganisms are fungi of the Candida species.

5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the terpenes to be released are selected from mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes.

6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the mono-, sesqui- and / or diterpenes to be released are selected from geraniol, farnesol, squalene, patchouli alcohol and linalyl acetate.

7. Use according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the terpenes to be released are terpene alcohols.

8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from silicic acid esters of fragrance alcohols and / or terpenes, in particular terpene alcohols.

, Use according to claim 8, characterized in that silicic acid esters according to one of the formulas (I) or (II) and / or mixtures thereof are used,

O-R

R- [0-Si] _n -OR (I)

O-R and

wherein at least one R is selected from the group consisting of terpene alcohol residues and fragrance alcohol residues, and all other R are independently selected from the group consisting of H, the straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-β-hydrocarbon residues, the terpene alcohol residues , which contains fragrance alcohol residues and polymers, and m values from the range 1 to 20 and n values from the range 1 to 100.

10. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from esters of terpene alcohols and / or fragrance alcohols with polymers.

11.Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the polymers are selected from polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid esters, polymethacrylic acid esters and polyacrylamides.

12. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are selected from organic cage molecules which are loaded with terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols.

13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the organic cage molecules are selected from cucurbiturils, calixarenes and calixresorcarenes.

H. Use according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the surfaces are biotic surfaces.

15. Use according to claim 14, characterized in that the biotic surface is human skin or mucous membrane.

16. Use according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the surfaces are abiotic surfaces.

17. Use according to claim 16, characterized in that it is surfaces that come into contact with the human body.

18. Use according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the abiotic surfaces are textiles, ceramics, metals, filter media, building materials, construction aids, furs, paper, skins, leather and / or plastics.

19. Use according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the abiotic surfaces are laundry, prostheses or dentures.

20. Use according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols in Preparations are used which are selected from detergents, cleaning agents, rinsing agents, hand washing agents, hand dishwashing detergents, machine dishwashing detergents, agents for finishing filter media, adhesives, building materials, building aids, textiles, furs, paper, skins or leather.

21. Use according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the substances which release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols are used in preparations which are selected from cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions and oral and / or dentifrices.

22. Use according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the adhesion of microorganisms in or on textiles, ceramics, metals, filter media, building materials, construction aids, furs, paper, furs, adhesives, jointing compounds, leather and / or plastics is inhibited becomes.

23. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the substances have a non-toxic effect in the final concentrations used.

24. Use according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the substances are contained in 0.000001 to 3 wt .-%.

25. Pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition containing substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols.

26. The composition according to claim 25, characterized in that it is a preparation for oral, dental or denture care.

27. The composition according to claim 26, characterized in that the preparation is a mouthwash, a mouthwash, a denture cleaner or a denture adhesive.

8. Use of substances that release terpenes and / or fragrance alcohols for the production of pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions for the treatment of fungal infections.