Composition for hydroponic plant growth The present invention relates to agriculture, namely, to area of plant growth and can be used for growing of various plants on a water solution of nutrients without soil. Presently known medium for hydroponic plant growth (RU patent Ns 2063123) contains sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium. The disadvantage of the presently known medium is that it lacks micro-elements and majority of macro-elements in its composition, which are necessary for efficient plant growth. Another presently known medium for hydroponic plant growth (RU patent N° 2070785) contains sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium at the following ratio of the specified chemical elements: nitrogen: phosphorus: sulfur: potassium: calcium: magnesium = 1 : 0,12 : 0,05 : 0,56 : 0,26 : 0,05. The disadvantage of the another known medium is that it lacks micro-elements and some macro-elements, which are necessary for efficient plant growth. Also presently known is Chesnokov medium for hydroponic cultivation of plants (Derjugin I.P., Kulukin A.N. Agrochemical basis of system of fertilizers of vegetable and fruit crops. M., "Agropromizdat"., 1988, page 170), containing, g/1: Nitrate of potassium 1 ,0
Superphosphate 0,75
Sulfate of magnesium 0 , 5
Sulf ate of ammonium 0,2
Chloric iron 0,006
Sulfate of manganese 0,002
Sulfate of copper 0,001
Sulfate of zinc 0,001
Citrate iron 0,015
Borate of sodium 0,002
However, as the experiments have shown, Chesnokov medium basically is effective for cultivation of vegetables (including cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.). The closest analogue to the present invention is the mixture for hydroponic plant growth (RU patent 2013943), containing sources of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, and also the biogenic micro-elements in an amount (grams per 1000 liters of water):
Nitrate of potassium 500
Superphosphate 550
Ammoniac saltpeter 200
Sulfate of magnesium 300
Chloride of calcium 100 - 2000
Sulfate of iron 15 - 75
Chloric iron 6
Boric acid 0,72
Sulfate of manganese 10 - 50
Sulfate of zinc 15 - 75
Sulfate of copper 2 - 10
Selenite sodium 0,1 -3,0
Chloride of cobalt 0,3 - 6,0
Iodide of potassium 0,1 - 3,0 The disadvantage of the medium for hydroponic plant growth described in the RU patent 2013943 is its low effectiveness due to sub- optimal composition of micro-elements and lack of biologically active components and growth stimulants in its composition . The objective of the present invention is to provide an efficient and effective medium composition for hydroponic plant growth mat ensures accelerated germination of plant seeds, rapid growth of plants and the eventual increase in harvest of green mass of plants. The present invention allows to increase output of hydroponic installation due to accelerated growth and the greater accumulation of green mass of plants and also increase of the amount of harvested green mass of plants per unit of useful area of the installation. The objective of the present invention is achieved through use of novel composition for hydroponic plant growth, including mixture of macro-elements, containing sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium, and also a complex of biogenic micro-elements in amount of 0,25 - 2,5 mass % of whole composition and a complex of biologically-active substances in amount of 0,1 - 1,0 mass % of whole composition with the proportion of the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium in mixture of macro-elements of (0,6 ÷ 1,0): (0,6 ÷ 1,0): (0,8 ÷ 1,2): (0,1 ÷ 0,3): (0,1 ÷ 0,3) with respect to active elements.
In a preferred mode of realization the composition of the present invention contains complex of biologically-active substances, including derivatives (organic or inorganic) of gibberellic acid, amber acid,citric acid,boric acid and parachlorphenyl-oxy-acetate N-tris (hydroxyl ethyl) ammonium, with the proportion of the acid residues of gibberellic, amber, citric and boric acids, and also parachlorphenyl-oxy- acetate N-tris (hydroxyl ethyl) ammonium of (0,9 ÷ 1,1): (9 ÷ 12): (9 ÷ 12): (9 ÷ 12): (4 ÷ 6). Use of the complex of biologically-active substances as described in the present invention with other components, is possible. The complex of biogenic micro-elements usually contains water- soluble compounds of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt and molybdenum with the proportion of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt and molybdenum in the said compounds is (9 ÷ 12): (2 ÷ 3): (0,8 ÷ 1,2): (0,4 ÷ 0,6): (0,4 ÷ 0,6): (15 ÷ 25). Above stated does not exclude introduction of additional micro-elements into this complex. Though depending on a kind and a type of cultivated plant the qualitative and quantitative composition of complexes can vary, nevertheless, as it has been established experimentally, the said components of complexes are present practically always and approximately at the specified ratio. Also according to experimental data the said composition includes the complex of macro-elements with another optimal proportion of sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium with respect to the active nutritious element of 0,8 : 0,75 : 1,0 : 0,15 : 0,2.
Depending on a kind and type of cultivated plant composition of the specified complexes can have others additional components but the specified components of complexes are included into their composition practically always. Depending on the objective as well as the growth conditions with use of the claimed composition it is dissolved in water in ratio lg of preparation per 1-10 1 of water. At the same time it is the most rational to use the more diluted solution of the composition during the first days of plant growth followed by less diluted solution of the composition in the next days. During experiments on hydroponic plant growth, preferably on green mass, it has been established, that presence in said composition only the complex of macro-elements with optimal balanced relation of sources of the basic nutritious elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium) does not provide enough fast germination of seeds of plants and, hence, a fast increase of green mass in the first days of plant growth. Besides the rational density of disposition of seeds on a surface in hydroponic installation is low when only the specified complex of elements for mineral nutrition of plants is used. As the result the common crop of green mass of the growing plants and productivity of hydroponic installation are low also. The use of additional complex of biogenic micro-elements in the hydroponic composition provides a certain improvement in the indexes of hydroponic plant growth process and productivity of the installation on green mass, but nevertheless does not allow to make profitable
hydroponic process because the whole period of germination of plants from seeds and plant growth is too long. For this reason in the claimed composition for hydroponic plant growth the complex of biologically-active substances promoting to accelerated germination of seeds has been introduced in addition. Depending on a kind of cultivated plant composition of complexes of biogenic micro-elements and biologically-active substances can vary a little qualitatively and quantitatively, but as it is established experimentally, for the fastest production of high-quality green mass of plants by a method of hydroponic growth it is desirable to use the offered composition of the specified complexes, and their percentage proportional to mass of a preparation. Use of a preparation with offered composition makes application of hydroponics for plant growth of green mass profitable because it provides the fast production of a significant amount of green mass with high biological value. It is caused, on the one hand, by effect of rapid growth rate due to fast germination of seeds and the accelerated growth of plant shoots, by using of stimulating action of a biologically-active complex and, on the other hand, an opportunity of the most dense disposition of seeds on the surface of hydroponic unit. It allows to produce the much greater green mass in the short period from the same area due to rapid consumption by plants of necessary nutrients from offered composition containing in the optimal, essential for plants relation complex of mineral macro-elements, complex of biogenic microelements and complex of biologically-active substances.
Further application of the offered composition for hydroponic plant growth will be considered in the examples. 1. Seeds of cress-salad (midseason-ripening, cold-resistant) were placed in laboratory hydroponic installation. The experiment was ran in duplicate. Temperature of air: during the period of intergrowth of seeds it was stabilized at +23 - +24°C; during plant growth period under illumination the temperature was +21 - +22 C, in the darkness the temperature was +15 - +16°C. The composition used for hydroponic plant growth with the following components ( grams per 1 kg of a ready composition):
Nitrate of ammonium 280,0
The monoreplaced phosphate of potassium 410 ,0
Sulfate of potassium 20,0
Sulfate of magnesium seven- water 210,0
Carbonate of calcium 60,0
Sulfate of iron (III) nine-water 7,5
Sulfate of manganese five- water 1 , 8
Sulfate of copper five-water 0,6
Sulfate of zinc seven-water 0,3
Chloride of cobalt six-water 0,3
Molybdate of ammonium four-water 5 ,5
Sodium salt of gibberellic acid 0,055
S odium salt of an amber acid six-water 1,15
Citrate of sodium two-water 0,9
Borate of sodium ten- water 1,35
Parachlorphenyl-oxy-acetate N-tris
(hydroxylethyl) of ammonium 0,5. During the first 4 days a water solution at the rate of lg of a preparation per 5 1 of water on the basis of the said composition was prepared , and in the next days a water solution at the rate of lg of a preparation per 1 liter of water was used. The comparative, control test with Chesnokov medium was carried out as well. Comparison of the results of experiments was carried out for 10 day by weighing the green mass of salad. The increase in green mass due to growth of plants and also density of planting in experiment in comparison with the control test was 26,2 %, thus in experiment with an offered composition the average size of shoots of salad for only 8 day has achieved the sizes corresponding to control growth for 10 day. 2. Hydroponic growing of rye was carried out in similar conditions, using the composition, containing ( grams perl kg of a ready preparation) :
Nitrate of ammonium 280 ,0
The monoreplaced phosphate of potassium 380 ,0
Chloride of potassium 20,0
Sulfate of magnesium seven-water 200,0
Iodide of calcium 100,0
Chloride of iron six- water 7,0
Sulfate of manganese five-water 1 ,3
Sulfate of copper five-water 0,55
Chloride of zinc 0,15
Chloride of cobalt six- water 0,3
Molybdate of ammonium four-water 6,0
Sodium salt of gibberellic acid 0,07
Potassium salt of an amber acid three-water 1 ,4
Citrate of ammonium 0,9
Borate of potassium ten-water 1 ,7
Parachlorphenyl-oxy-acetate N-tris
(hydroxylethyl) ammonium 0,63 Solution prepared from lg of said composition diluted in 2 liters of water was used. In 6 days the results of the experiment were compared to the control test, which used tap water. In comparison with the control test the length of rye shoots has increased 29 % and the green mass has increased 35,5 %. 3. In the experiment where the growth of oats in trays of laboratory installation under natural illumination and temperatures +17 - +19 °C was carried out the next hydroponic composition was used ( grams per 1 kg of a ready preparation):
Nitrate of ammonium 320,0
The one-replaced phosphate of potassium 420,0
Sulfate of potassium 50,0
Chloride of magnesium 110,0
Carbonic calcium 80,0
Chloride of iron six- water 8,2
Sulfate of manganese five-water 1 ,65
Chloride of copper two-water 0,5
Sulfate of zinc seven- water 0,35
Sulfate of cobalt seven-water 0,4
Molybdate of ammonium four- water 5 ,4
Sodium salt of gibberellic acid 0,05
Sodium salt of amber acid six-water 1 , 1
Citrate of sodium two-water 0 , 8
Borate of sodium ten-water 1 , 1
Parachlorphenyl-oxy-acetate N-tris
(hydroxylethyl) ammonium 0,45 Seeds were placed in hydroponic installation and solution of a composition at the rate of lg per 4 liter of water was prepared. This solution was used the first 3 days. Then solution of a composition in water at the rate of lg per 2 liter of water was used. The technological water was used in the control test. The outcome of the experiment showed that on the 7 day the length of shoots in the experiment was 26,4 % more and the green mass was 33,7 % more than in the control test. 4. In the experiment where the cultivation of early tomatoes on shoots was carried out the hydroponic composition with the following components (grams per 1 kg of a ready preparation) was used: Nitrate of sodium 290,0
The monoreplaced phosphate of potassium 380,0
Chloride of potassium 25,0
Sulfate of magnesium seven- water 225,0
Carbonate of calcium 65,0
Sulfate of iron (III) nine-water 5 , 1
Sulfate of manganese five-water 1 ,0
Sulfate of copper five-water 0,4
Sulfate of zinc seven- water 0,25
Chloride of cobalt six-water 0,25
Molybdate of ammonium four-water 4,0
Sodium salt of gibberellic acid 0,06
Sodium salt of amber acid six-water 1 ,24
Citrate of potassium monohydrate 1 ,0
Borate of sodium ten-water 1 , 5
Parachlorphenyl-oxy-acetate N-tris
(hydroxylethyl) ammonium 0,55
Composition was dissolved at the rate of lg of a preparation per 3 liters of water. The hydroponic solution under the patent of the Russian
Federation 2013943 was used in the control test . Comparison was carried out after two weeks. Shoots obtained in the experiment had on average 20,2 % more mass than those in the control test. Use of the offered hydroponic composition allows to make the process of production of green mass profitable, as shoots of intergrown grains achieve the optimum size in 2-3 days faster than in the control test, and in 7 - 10 days of growing thehigh-quality green mass was produced that on the average had 20-35 % greater mass than in the control test.
Thus, the offered hydroponic composition provides substantial output from hydroponic installations due to increase in speed of process of hydroponic growth and increase in green mass of shoots from seeds.