Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
  • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
  • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M145/22—Polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M107/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of polyalkyl (meth) acrylates in lubricating oil compositions.
• Air - oil heat exchangers, convection and heat radiation of the system components counteract a temperature increase at the same time.
• the structural design of individual system components, ambient conditions, operating mode and duration affect the resulting operating temperature of the hydraulic fluid used.
• the structural design is based on the type of device intermittent operation with appropriate downtime and the resulting liquid cooling. Similarly, assumptions must be made when estimating the ambient temperature.
• the use of the invention allows high performance of the hydraulic systems without the temperature rising to a critical range.
• the present use contributes to an increase in performance of these systems and a reduction in the temperature of the hydraulic fluid.
• the use of the present invention can be carried out particularly easily and simply.
• the present inventive use shows a high environmental compatibility.
• polyalkyl esters are used in a lubricating oil composition.
• Polyalkyl esters in the context of the present invention are polymers derived from olefinic esters. These polymers are known in the art and are commercially available. Particularly preferred polymers of this class can be obtained by polymerization of monomer compositions, which may in particular comprise (meth) acrylates, maleates and / or fumarates which may have different alcohol radicals.
• (meth) acrylates include methacrylates and acrylates as well as mixtures of both. These monomers are well known.
• the alkyl radical may be linear, cyclic or branched.
• Preferred mixtures from which preferred polyalkyl esters are obtainable may be 0 to 50% by weight, in particular 2 to 40% by weight and more preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (I)
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms means.
• component a) examples include
• (Meth) acrylates, fumarates and maleates derived from saturated alcohols such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth ) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate and
• Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclopentyl (meth) acrylate
• compositions to be polymerized for preparing preferred polyalkyl esters may contain from 50 to 100% by weight, in particular from 60 to 98% by weight and particularly preferably from 70 to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for preparing the polyalkyl esters, one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (II)
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
• R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ", where R" Is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
• Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2,4,5-tri-t-butyl-3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate,
• Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate,
• the ester compounds with a long-chain alcohol radical in particular the compounds according to component (b), can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth) acrylates, fumarates, maleates and / or the corresponding acids with long-chain fatty alcohols, generally a mixture of esters, such as (Meth) acrylates with different long-chain Aikohoiresten arises.
• These fatty alcohols include Oxo Alcohol® 7911 and Oxo Alcohol® 7900, Oxo Alcohol® 1100 from Monsanto; Alphanoi® 79 from ICI; Nafol® 1620, Alibi® 610 and Alfol® 810 from Sasol; Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 from Ethyl Corporation; Linevol® 79, Linevol® 911 and Dobanol® 25L from Shell AG; Lial 125 from Sasol; Dehydad® and Lorol® grades from Cognis.
• the mixture for the production of preferred polyalkyl esters at least 60 wt .-%, preferably at least 70 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters, monomers according to formula (II).
• the (meth) acrylates are particularly preferred over the maleates and fumarates, ie R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 of the formulas (I) and (II) represent hydrogen in particularly preferred embodiments.
• R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 of the formulas (I) and (II) represent hydrogen in particularly preferred embodiments.
• the methacrylates are preferred to the acrylates.
• At least 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 70 wt .-% of the radicals R 4 according to formula (II) are linear.
• the ratio of branched to linear side chains of the radicals R 4 according to formula (II) is preferably in the range from 0.0001 to 0.3, particularly preferably in the range from 0.001 to 0.1.
• a polyalkyl (meth) acrylate may be used wherein at least 60% by weight of the ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II) are alkyl (meth) acrylates based on the total weight of the ethylenically unsaturated Ester compounds of the formula (II).
• the proportion of (meth) acrylates having 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol moiety is in the range of 20 to 95 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer composition for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters.
• the proportion of (meth) acrylates having 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol residue is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer composition for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters.
• the proportion of olefinically unsaturated esters having 8 to 14 carbon atoms is preferably greater than or equal to the proportion of olefinically unsaturated esters having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Preferred mixtures for preparing preferred polyalkyl esters may further include, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with the ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formulas (I) and / or (II).
• the proportion of comonomers is preferably in the range from 0 to 50 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 40 wt .-% and particularly preferably 5 to 30 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomer compositions for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters.
• comonomers for the polymerization according to the present invention are particularly suitable, which correspond to the formula:
• R and R 2 * are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, CN, linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 6 and particularly preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which have 1 to (2n + 1)
• R 9 * is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkyl group of 1 to 40 Carbon atoms
• R 3 * and R 4 * may together form a group of the formula
• Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate
• Styrene substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent in the side chain, such as.
• alkyl substituent in the side chain such as.
• ⁇ -methylstyrene and ⁇ -ethylstyrene substituted styrenes with a
• Alkyl substituents on the ring such as vinyltoluene and p-methylstyrene, halogenated
• Styrenes such as monochlorostyrenes, dichlorostyrenes, tribromostyrenes and
• Heterocyclic vinyl compounds such as 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl
• N-vinylpyrrolidine 3-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylbutyrolactam,
• Maleic acid and maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride, Methylmaleic anhydride, maleimide, methylmaleimide; Fumaric acid and fumaric acid derivatives; Acrylic acid and (meth) acrylic acid; Dienes such as divinylbenzene.
• compositions for preparing preferred polyalkyl esters comprise monomers which can be represented by the formula (III)
• R is independently hydrogen or methyl
• R 7 is independently a 2 to 1000 carbon group. with at least one heteroatom
• X independently a sulfur or oxygen atom or a group of the formula NR 11 , wherein R 11 is independently hydrogen or a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer greater than or equal to 3.
• the radical R 7 represents a group comprising 2 to 1000, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the term "2 to 1000 carbon group” denotes radicals of organic compounds having 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. It includes aromatic and heteroaromatic groups as well as alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl and heteroaliphatic groups.
• the groups mentioned can be branched or unbranched. Furthermore, these groups may have conventional substituents.
• Substituents are, for example, linear and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl or hexyl; Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and Cyciohexyl; aromatic groups, such as phenyl or naphthyl; Amino groups, ether groups, ester groups and halides.
• aromatic groups are radicals of mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic compounds having preferably 6 to 20, in particular 6 to 12, carbon atoms.
• Heteroaromatic groups denote aryl radicals in which at least one CH group has been replaced by N and / or at least two adjacent CH groups have been replaced by S, NH or O, heteroaromatic groups having from 3 to 19 carbon atoms.
• Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic groups according to the invention are derived from benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, diphenyldimethylmethane, bisphenone, diphenylsulfone, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole , 2,5-diphenyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole, 1, 3,4-thiadiazole, 1, 3,4-triazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-triazole, 1, 2.5 -Triphenyl-1, 3,4-triazole, 1, 2,4-oxadiazole, 1, 2,4-thiadiazole, 1, 2,4-triazole, 1, 2,3-triazole, 1, 2,3,4 Tetrazole, benzofbjthiophene, be
• the preferred alkyl groups include the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1 Dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1, 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl group.
• Preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups, optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• Preferred alkenyl groups include the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propylene, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-decenyl and 2-eicosenyl groups.
• the preferred alkynyl groups include the ethynyl, propargyl, 2-methyl-2-propyne, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and 2-decynyl groups.
• Preferred alkanoyl groups include the formyl, acetyl, propionyl, 2-methylpropionyl, butyryl, valeroyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, decanoyl and dodecanoyl groups.
• the preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups include the methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylhexyloxycarbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl or dodecyloxycarbonyl group.
• the preferred alkoxy groups include alkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred alkyl groups.
• Preferred cycloalkoxy groups include cycloalkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred cycloalkyl groups.
• the preferred heteroatoms contained in R 10 include, among others, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, boron, silicon and phosphorus.
• the radical R 7 in formula (III) has at least one group of the formula -OH or -NR 8 R 8 , in which R 8 independently comprises hydrogen or a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the group X in formula (III) can be represented by the formula NH.
• the number ratio of heteroatoms to carbon atoms in the radical R 7 of the formula (III) can be within wide limits. This ratio is preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 1:10, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 5 and particularly preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 4.
• the radical R 7 of the formula (III) comprises 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. In a particular aspect, R 7 has at most 10 carbon atoms.
• the most preferred comonomers include, among others
• Aryl (meth) acrylates such as benzyl methacrylate or
• Phenyl methacrylate wherein the aryl radicals may each be unsubstituted or substituted up to four times;
• Methacrylates of halogenated alcohols such as
• Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as
• Glycol dimethacrylates such as 1,4-butanediol methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate,
• Methacrylates of ether alcohols such as
• Ethoxymethyl methacrylate and ethoxylated (meth) acrylates preferably 1 to
• Aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and aminoalkyl (meth) acrylatamides such as
• Nitriles of (meth) acrylic acid and other nitrogen-containing methacrylates such as
• heterocyclic (meth) acrylates such as 2- (1-imidazolyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate,
• Phosphorus, boron and / or silicon-containing methacrylates such as
• the ethoxylated (meth) acrylates can be obtained, for example, by transesterification of alkyl (meth) acrylates with ethoxylated alcohols, which more preferably have from 1 to 20, in particular from 2 to 8, ethoxy groups.
• the hydrophobic radical of the ethoxylated alcohols may preferably comprise 1 to 40, in particular 4 to 22, carbon atoms, it being possible to use both linear and branched alcohol radicals.
• the ethoxylated (meth) acrylates have an OH end group.
• Lutensol ® A- brands especially Lutensol ® A 3 N, Lutensol ® A 4 N, N Lutensol ® A 7 and A 8 Lutensol ® N
• ethers of the Lutensol ® TO brands especially Lutensol ® TO 2, Lutensol ® TO 3, Lutensol ® TO 5, Lutensol ® TO 6, Lutensol ® TO 65, Lutensol ® TO 69, Lutensol ® TO 7, Lutensol ® TO 79 , Lutensol ® 8 and Lutensol ® 89
• ethers of the Lutensol ® AO brands especially Lutensol ® AO 3, Lutensol ® AO 4, Lutensol ® AO 5, Lutensol ® AO 6, Lutensol ® AO 7, Lutensol ® AO 79, Lutensol ® AO 8 and Lutensol ® ®
• aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides for example, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide (DMAPMAM), and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are particularly preferred.
• Very particularly preferred mixtures for the preparation of the polyalkyl esters include methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and / or styrene.
• the polyalkyl ester has a specific viscosity ⁇ sp / c measured in chloroform at 25 ° C. in the range from 5 to 30 ml / g, preferably in the range from 10 to 25 ml / g, measured according to ISO 1628-6.
• the preferred polyalkyl esters which can be obtained by polymerization of unsaturated ester compounds preferably have a polydispersity M w / M n in the range of 1.2 to 4.0. This size can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• polyalkyl esters from the above-described compositions.
• ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
• RAFT reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer
• Useful initiators include the azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN and 1, 1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, and peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide , Cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, part.- Butyiperoxyisopropyl carbonate, 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) -2,5-dimethyihexane, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, di
• chain transfer agents are oil-soluble mercaptans such as, for example, tert-dodecylmercaptan or 2-mercaptoethanol or else chain transfer agents from the class of terpenes, for example terpinolene.
• the ATRP method is known per se. It is believed that this is a "living" radical polymerization without any limitation to the description of the mechanism.
• a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound having a transferable atomic group.
• the transferable atomic group is transferred to the transition metal compound, whereby the metal is oxidized.
• This reaction forms a radical that adds to ethylenic groups.
• the transfer of the atomic group to the transition metal compound is reversible so that the atomic group is re-transferred to the growing polymer chain, forming a controlled polymerization system. Accordingly, the structure of the polymer, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be controlled.
• polymers according to the invention can also be obtained, for example, by RAFT methods. This process is described in detail, for example, in WO 98/01478, which is expressly referred to for purposes of the disclosure.
• the polymerization can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, lower or higher pressure.
• the polymerization temperature is not critical. In general, however, it is in the range of -20 ° - 200 ° C, preferably 0 ° - 130 ° C and particularly preferably 60 ° - 120 ° C.
• the polymerization can be carried out with or without solvent.
• the term of the solvent is to be understood here broadly.
• the polymerization is carried out in a nonpolar solvent.
• nonpolar solvent include hydrocarbon solvents such as aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be branched.
• hydrocarbon solvents such as aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be branched.
• solvents can be used individually or as a mixture.
• Particularly preferred solvents are mineral oils, natural oils and synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Of these, mineral oils are most preferred.
• a lubricating oil composition comprises at least one lubricating oil.
• the lubricating oils include, in particular, mineral oils, synthetic oils and natural oils.
• Mineral oils are known per se and commercially available. They are generally obtained from petroleum or crude oil by distillation and / or refining and, if appropriate, further purification and refining processes, the term "mineral oil” in particular falling to the relatively high-boiling fractions of crude oil or crude oil.
• the boiling point of mineral oil is higher than 200 ° C, preferably higher than 300 ° C, at 5000 Pa.
• the production by smoldering of shale oil, coking of hard coal, distillation under exclusion of lignite and hydration of coal or lignite is also possible.
• mineral oils are also produced from raw materials of plant origin (eg from jojoba, rapeseed) or animal (eg claw oil) of origin. Accordingly, mineral oils, depending on the origin of different proportions of aromatic, cyclic, branched and linear hydrocarbons.
• paraffin-based, naphthenic and aromatic fractions in crude oils or mineral oils, the terms paraffin-based fraction being longer-chain or highly branched isoalkanes and naphthenic fraction being cycloalkanes.
• mineral oils depending on their origin and refinement, have different proportions of n-alkanes, isoalkanes with a low degree of branching, so-called monomethyl-branched paraffins, and compounds with heteroatoms, in particular O, N and / or S, which are attributed to polar properties .
• the assignment is difficult, however, since individual alkane molecules can have both long-chain branched groups and cycloalkane radicals and aromatic moieties.
• the assignment can be made, for example, according to DIN 51 378.
• Polar proportions may also be determined according to ASTM D 2007.
• the proportion of n-alkanes in preferred mineral oils is less than 3 wt .-%, the proportion of O, N and / or S-containing compounds less than 6 Wt .-%.
• the proportion of aromatics and monomethyl branched paraffins is generally in the range of 0 to 40 wt .-%.
• mineral oil mainly comprises naphthenic and paraffinic alkanes, which generally have more than 13, preferably more than 18 and most preferably more than 20 carbon atoms.
• the proportion of these compounds is generally> 60 wt .-%, preferably> 80 wt .-%, without this being a restriction.
• a preferred mineral oil contains from 0.5 to 30% by weight of aromatic fractions, from 15 to 40% by weight of naphthenic fractions, from 35 to 80% by weight of paraffinic fractions, up to 3% by weight of n-alkanes and 0.05% to 5 wt .-% polar compounds, each based on the total weight of the mineral oil.
• Liquid chromatography on silica gel shows the following constituents, wherein the percentages relate to the total weight of the mineral oil used in each case: n-alkanes having about 18 to 31 carbon atoms:
• Aromatics with 14 to 32 C atoms :
• Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, organic esters such as diesters and polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyolefins, of which polyalphaolefins (PAO) are preferred, silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers. They are usually slightly more expensive than the mineral oils, but have advantages in terms of their performance.
• Natural oils are animal or vegetable oils, such as claw oils or jojoba oils.
• lubricating oils can also be used as mixtures and are often commercially available.
• the concentration of the polyalkyl ester in the lubricating oil composition is preferably in the range of 2 to 40% by weight, more preferably in the range of 4 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricating oil composition may contain other additives and additives.
• the lubricating oil composition comprising at least one polyalkyl ester is preferably used as the hydraulic fluid.
• the lubricating oil composition can be used in a vane pump, a gear pump, a radial piston pump or an axial piston pump.
• the lubricating oil composition can preferably be used at a pressure of 50 to 450 bar, in particular in a pressure range of 100 to 350 bar and very particularly preferably in a pressure range of 120 to 200 bar.
• Lubricating oil compositions comprising at least one polyalkyl ester which can be obtained by polymerization of monomer compositions consisting of
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R 1 is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms means
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
• R 5 and R ⁇ are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ", where R" is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms means
• polyalkyl ester has a specific viscosity ⁇ sp / c of between 5 and 30 ml / g, but in particular 10 - 25 ml / g, measured in chloroform at 25 ° C.,
• the lubricating oil composition by the addition of polyalkylester a hydraulic power P a at a temperature T-i + x, wherein Ti is greater than or equal to 20 ° C, wherein Ti is preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C and x is greater than or equal to 5 ° C is, wherein x is preferably in the range of 10 to 90 ° C, which is at least as large as the hydraulic line Pb of the hydraulic fluid without addition of polyalkyl esters at the temperature Ti,
• thermo-induced degradation d (P a ) / dT of the polyalkylester lubricating oil composition is less than the temperature-induced degradation d (P b ) / dT of the lubricating oil composition without polyalkyl ester.
• polyalkyl esters in particular of the new compounds leads to an improvement in hydraulic performance at elevated temperature, which is at least 60, preferably at least 80 ° C and most preferably at least 90 ° C.
• the polyalkyl ester retards undesirable overheating of the lubricating oil composition at high hydraulic power.
• the high hydraulic power is preferably at least 60%, in particular at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 80%, based on the short-term maximum power.
• Preferred lubricating oil compositions have a viscosity measured in accordance with ASTM D 445 at 40 ° C in the range of 10 to 120 mm 2 / s, more preferably in the range of 22 to 100 mm 2 / s.
• preferred lubricating oil compositions have a viscosity index determined in accordance with ASTM D 2270 in the range from 120 to 350, in particular from 140 to 200.
• Rinse up Fill the storage container with 55 kg test liquid. Subsequent operation at: pump speed 750 rpm, pressure 50 bar, liquid intake temperature 80 ° C, 2 hours.
• Heating test pump speed 1500 rpm, pressure 150 bar, cooling and heating switched off, ambient temperature 20 ° C, liquid intake temperature beginning approx. 40 ° C, end approx. 90 ° C.
• Efficiency test pump speed 1500 1 / min, pressure beginning 50 bar, end 250 bar, in 50 bar stages, liquid intake temperature constant 80 ° C.
• Cooling cycle pump speed 750 rpm, pressure 0 bar, liquid intake temperature start approx. 90 ° C, end approx. 40 ° C.
• Heating test pump speed 1500 rpm, pressure 250 bar, cooling and heating switched off, ambient temperature 20 ° C, liquid intake temperature beginning approx. 40 ° C, end approx. 90 ° C.
• Efficiency test pump speed of 1500 1 / min, pressure start 50 bar, end 250 bar, in 50 bar stages, liquid intake temperature constant 80 ° C.
• step 6 and 9 of the test program described above were in step 6 and 9 of the test program described above. These are in each case test phases, which took place with shutdown of the cooling. Thus, the temperature increase in the pump could be determined. A lower temperature increase, which has a hydraulic fluid with an additive, is therefore a reduction in temperature compared to a hydraulic fluid without additive equate.
• Step 6 was carried out at a pressure of 150 bar, step 9 at a pressure of 250 bar.
• the hydraulic power can be derived directly from the current flow rate of a hydraulic pump.
• the current flow rate could be read directly in the hydraulic circuit described above with the mentioned flow meter.
• the hydraulic performance could be determined directly by the relationship described in the literature (see, for example, F.W. Höfer et al., Memento de Technologie Automobile, 1 Edition, p. 650, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1988):
• the synthesis of the polymer solutions AD was carried out in each case in a mineral oil by means of conventional free-radical polymerization, as set forth, inter alia, in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition.
• the polymerization initiator used was tert-butyl peroctoate and the chain transfer agent dodecylmercaptan.
• the mineral oil used as solvent was a 100 solvent neutral oil from Kuwait Petroleum. It was polymerized at a temperature of 100 ° C, nach hypottert with tert-butyl peroctoate and thereafter polymerized until the residual monomer content of the polymer solutions prepared were less than 2 wt .-%. This was usually the case after a total process time of 6h.
• the polymers AD contained between 11 and 27 wt .-% methyl methacrylate and between 63 and 89 wt .-% of a mixture of long-chain alkyl-substituted C 12 - 1 8 methacrylates, each based on the total weight of the monomers used.
• the specific viscosity ⁇ sp / c measured in chloroform at 25 ° C. was 17 ml / g for polymer A, 21 ml / g for polymer B, 25 ml / g for polymer C and 40 ml for polymer D /G.
• Composition Monomer mixture 54.375 kg C12-18-alkyl methacrylate mixture 18.125 kg methyl methacrylate
• Post-feeder step 0.126 kg of tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate
• a 150 l polymerization reactor equipped with reflux condenser and stirrer is charged at room temperature with the components listed above (original). Subsequently, the template is degassed with 0.62 kg of dry ice and heated to a temperature of 100 ° C. After 5 minutes, the amount of initiator calculated for the template is added and the feed started at the same time. The entire amount of feed is metered into the reactor in 3.5 hours. Thereafter, stirring is continued for 2 hours at 100.degree. Subsequently, the product is re-fed with initiator and stirred for a further 2 hours at 100 ° C.
• Composition Monomer mixture 62.35 kg C12-18-alkyl methacrylate mixture 10.15 kg methyl methacrylate
• Post-feeder step 0.126 kg of tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate
• the preparation is carried out as described for polymer A).
• Composition Monomer mixture 60.9 kg C12-18-alkyl methacrylate mixture 9.1 kg methyl methacrylate
• Post-feeder step 0.126 kg of tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate
• the preparation is carried out as described for polymer A).
• Composition Monomer mixture 54.8 kg C12-18-alkyl methacrylate mixture 8.2 kg methyl methacrylate
• Feed 58.9 kg of monomer mixture 0.15 kg of tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate 0.12 kg of dodecylmercaptan
• Post-feeder step 0.126 kg of tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate
• the preparation is carried out as described for polymer A).
• polymer solutions in Tab. 1 precursors dissolved in mineral oil (referred to as polymer solutions in Tab. 1) were used.
• the polymer concentrations of the polymer solutions used were 72.5% by weight in the case of polymers A and B, 70% by weight in the case of polymer C and 63% by weight in the case of polymer D.
• the commercially available product Oloa 4992 from Oronite was used as the D1 package for all formulations shown in Table 1.
• the concentration of Oloa 4992 was kept constant at 0.6% by weight for all the formulations investigated.
• the oils used were all mineral oils whose viscosity index is within a narrow range of about 100 (+/- 5).
• the mineral oils used can be obtained commercially.
• Esso 80 is a SN 80 oil from ExxonMobil
• KPE100 is a SN 100 oil from Kuwait Petroleum
• Esso 600 is an SN 600 oil from ExxonMobil.
• the Nexbase 3020 is a hydro- treated oil from Fortum.
• the choice of the oil or oil mixtures in the preparation of the formulations plays no role in this context, as long as oils in a tightly staked Vl- Range are used and all formulations are set to identical kinematic viscosities.
• the choice of different oil compositions as shown in Table 1 was merely based on the kinematic viscosities measured at 40 ° C at constant values of 46 mm2 / s (+/- 10%) for ISO 46 fluids and 68 mm2 / s (+ / - 10%) for ISO 68 fluids. This was necessary because formulations with different polymer concentrations and polymers of different molecular weights were used.
• Table 2 Hydraulic performance of different hydraulic fluids measured at different temperatures at a pressure of 150 bar
• Examples 7 and 8 show, in comparison with Comparative Example 4, that an unexpected increase in performance can also be achieved with ISO 68 fluids (see Comparative Example 4 and Examples 7 and 8 in Table 3). This could be shown both at 150 bar and at 250 bar.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=34960531

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (27)

Family Cites Families (45)

• 2004
  • 2004-04-30 DE DE102004021778A patent/DE102004021778A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2005
  • 2005-02-24 US US11/547,612 patent/US8754018B2/en active Active
  • 2005-02-24 CA CA2560125A patent/CA2560125C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-24 EP EP05707597.0A patent/EP1740680B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-02-24 BR BRPI0510456-4A patent/BRPI0510456A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-02-24 MX MXPA06011984A patent/MXPA06011984A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-02-24 KR KR1020067022505A patent/KR101129881B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-24 CN CN2005800058073A patent/CN101142303B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-24 JP JP2007509895A patent/JP5452863B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-24 WO PCT/EP2005/001907 patent/WO2005108531A2/de not_active Ceased

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events