WO2005108497A1 - Nano-wool emulsion and nano-wool powders, the manufacturing method for them and their uses - Google Patents

Nano-wool emulsion and nano-wool powders, the manufacturing method for them and their uses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005108497A1
WO2005108497A1 PCT/CN2005/000620 CN2005000620W WO2005108497A1 WO 2005108497 A1 WO2005108497 A1 WO 2005108497A1 CN 2005000620 W CN2005000620 W CN 2005000620W WO 2005108497 A1 WO2005108497 A1 WO 2005108497A1
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wool
nano
emulsion
scale
powder
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French (fr)
Inventor
Yi Li
Tao Xu
Junyan Hu
Kwokwing Yeung
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Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
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Hong Kong Polytechnic University HKPU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
    • C08L89/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/15—Proteins or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2389/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
    • C08J2389/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nano-wool emulsion and powder, a preparation method and uses thereof. Background technique
  • Natural fiber has played an important role in the field of textile materials since ancient times. Because of its unique performance, it has been widely used in modern textile industry as a high-quality textile material. However, due to the limitations and specific requirements of the spinning phase, not all fibers can be used for spinning. Therefore, sometimes natural fibers such as sheep wool, silk, cotton, hemp, etc. are wasted during processing. Due to the excellent inherent characteristics of natural fibers, the development of a new method for recycling these fibers has huge market potential.
  • US patent us 6,437,050 B1 proposes a polymer nanoparticle composite, which uses poly (alkenybenzene) as the core and polyconjugation.
  • Poly (conjugated diene) is a surface layer, which is prepared by a dispersion polymerization process (a method for preparing a polymer ultrafine powder). Its average particle size is less than 100 m
  • Chinese patent application CN 94115873.X gives a chemical treatment, crushing, filtering, low-temperature drying method using cotton and hemp fiber to prepare cellulose powder with an average size in the range of 2.5-10 nm.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,853,764 proposes a method for preparing ultra-fine silk powder (that is, the material is silk) using an lye, which is a chemical method.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,718,954 proposes a method of preparing 4 points of ultrafine filaments (material is silk). Its average particle size is around 10 ⁇ m.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,763,583 proposes a method for preparing soluble protein by using animal hair as a raw material and denaturing it with thioglycolic acid as an oxidizing agent in a weak alkaline environment to change a water-repellent disulfide bond into a water-soluble group.
  • the animal hair (such as wool) is decomposed, and the precipitate is precipitated below the isoelectric point (pH ⁇ 3), and then filtered and dried to obtain wool powder with a particle size of 1-10 ⁇ m.
  • Organic materials generally exhibit high strength and ductility, have high fracture strength, and are difficult to pulverize / mill / crush into ultra-fine particle size using traditional steel or iron ball mill machinery.
  • traditional metal machinery generates a large amount of thermal energy during the milling process, which changes the inherent structure of organic materials, and the machine itself is prone to wear for long-term working of organic materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a simple chemical method for crushing wool fibers. Using this method, nano-scale emulsions and powders can be prepared from natural wool fibers.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for pulverizing wool fibers to a nanometer scale and maintaining their inherent structure and characteristics.
  • a further object of the present invention is to use the obtained nano-wool emulsion for treating textile fabrics, thereby providing additional functions.
  • the present invention unexpectedly found that the wool is catalyzed and hydrolyzed by alkaline to prepare nanoemulsions thereof.
  • the obtained product has excellent properties and can be widely used in the textile industry.
  • Technical solution of the present invention ⁇ ! Mouth:
  • a nanoemulsion is prepared by using a solution obtained by hydrolysis, wherein the electrolyte (inorganic acid) is slowly added dropwise under stirring (the inorganic acids are well known to those skilled in the art, such as hydrochloric acid, etc., and will not be described here again).
  • the inorganic acids are well known to those skilled in the art, such as hydrochloric acid, etc., and will not be described here again.
  • the resulting emulsion is further dispersed by conventional methods in the art, such as sonication.
  • Steps of preparing dry powder The nano-powder of the emulsion is prepared by a conventional method in the art, such as a spray drying method or a freeze drying method.
  • the present invention provides a nano-scale wool emulsion, which is characterized in that: the emulsion has a particle size distribution as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the powder has a particle size of about 73.3 nm on average.
  • the invention also provides a nano-scale wool powder, characterized in that the wool powder has at least one of the following characteristics:
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nano-scale wool emulsion, which is characterized in that: before preparing the nano-wool emulsion, the wool fiber is subjected to alkaline catalytic hydrolysis.
  • a nanoemulsion is prepared by using the solution obtained by the hydrolysis, by: slowly adding the solution obtained by hydrolysis to the inorganic acid electrolyte under stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 5-7, high At the isoelectric point, an emulsion containing an ordered crystal phase of spherical protein crystals on the nanometer scale is formed.
  • the method further includes the step of further dispersing the obtained emulsion. Wherein said further dispersing said emulsion is performing said further dispersing using sonication.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nano-scale wool powder, which is characterized by the steps of preparing a nano-wool emulsion after preparing the nano-wool emulsion according to the above steps.
  • a spray drying method or a freeze drying method is used to prepare the nano powder.
  • the invention also provides the use of the prepared nano-wool emulsion, wherein the use is to treat textile fabrics, such as pure cotton fabrics, polyester fibers, with the nano-scale wool emulsion.
  • the above application is to soak a pure cotton fabric in the nano-scale wool emulsion to form a protein ⁇ coating.
  • the invention also provides nano-scale wool powder for improving textile fabrics in the textile industry. Uses for surface properties.
  • the present invention also provides a method for regenerating and utilizing wool fibers, and a method for crushing wool fibers to a nanometer scale and maintaining its inherent structure and characteristics.
  • the method also includes the above steps for preparing an emulsion or a powder.
  • the treated fabric has excellent performance in various properties such as the coefficient of warmth, UV resistance, and infrared thermal protection;
  • nano-wool powder obtained by using the preparation process conditions of the present invention shows a higher degree of crystallinity (see Fig. 5);
  • the nano wool powder of the present invention has almost no structural difference from the original wool material; ⁇
  • the preparation method has a wide range of uses:
  • the wool hydrolysis method of the present invention can be widely used to prepare nano functional powders or emulsions of organic materials and is easy to realize industrial production
  • the product has a wide range of uses:
  • the product of the present invention can be widely used in many industrial fields, such as textiles, medicine and so on.
  • wool powder can be widely used in the textile industry and as a new coating agent.
  • Figure 1 shows a photomicrograph of wool fibers.
  • the illustrated wool is about 60-120 mm long and 25 ⁇ m in diameter.
  • Figures 2 (a) to (c) show transmission micrographs of the prepared nano-scale wool protein particles.
  • the number of scales in the lower right corner of Figure 2 (a) is 100 nm;
  • Figures 2 (b) and (c) are 400 nm.
  • Figure 3 shows the particle size and distribution results of the protein emulsion measured by the LS 13320 laser particle size analyzer. The results show that the average particle size is about 73.3mn.
  • Figure 4 compares the Fourier transform infrared analysis curve of the original wool powder with the nano wool protein powder prepared by the above method.
  • Figure 5 compares the X-ray diffraction analysis curves of the original wool powder and the nano-wool protein powder prepared by the method of the present invention.
  • nanowool emulsion or powder of the present invention In terms of defining the nanowool emulsion or powder of the present invention, generally it can only be defined by its size, that is, the "nano" grade, or by its map (such as those listed in the drawings), or by the method of preparation definition. detailed description
  • the present invention uses wool as a treatment object.
  • the size of a material is generally its naturally-occurring size.
  • the present invention exemplifies the wool shown in FIG. 1 with a length of 60-120 mm and a diameter of 25 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the raw material of the present invention is not limited by the size of this example.
  • Wool fibers (5g) were immersed in 100ml, 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and the temperature was controlled at 100 V. After 15 minutes, almost all wool fibers were dissolved.
  • a 3.7% hydrochloric acid solution was added dropwise to the obtained solution under low-speed stirring, and the pH value of the wool hydrolyzate was adjusted to 6.92 to form a wool protein emulsion.
  • the emulsion is further dispersed by sonication;
  • Spray drying method or freeze drying method are used to prepare nano wool protein powder; nano wool protein emulsion is used to treat pure cotton fabric.
  • the results of Fourier infrared spectroscopy in Fig. 4 show several characteristic absorption peaks.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis curves of the original wool powder and the nano wool protein powder prepared by the method of the present invention are shown in FIG. 5.
  • the X-ray diffraction analysis results in Fig. 5 show that under this preparation process condition, the nano wool protein powder shows a higher degree of crystallinity.
  • Cotton fabric 01 Untreated cotton fabric
  • Cotton fabrics are 8 times warmer than untreated cotton fabrics.
  • the UPF value is more than 3 times that of the untreated cotton fabric, and the UV resistance of the fabric is greatly improved.
  • the pure cotton fabric After the pure cotton fabric is treated with the protein emulsion of the present invention, the K value (slope) is increased and the integral between 2s-9s is also increased at the same time, indicating that the ability to absorb and emit infrared is increased and decreased. ⁇ Transmission. Therefore, the pure cotton fabric has an infrared thermal protection function after being processed by the protein emulsion of the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

纳米羊毛乳液和粉末、 其制备方法以及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及納米羊毛乳液和粉末、 其制备方法以及用途。 背景技术
天然纤维从古至今在纺织材料领域扮演了重要角色， 由于其独特的性 能作为高品质纺织材料已经在现代纺织工业广泛应用。 然而， 纺纱阶段的 局限和特定要求， 并非所有的纤维可用于纺纱。 因此， 有时天然纤维如羊 毛、 丝、 棉、 麻等在加工过程中会产生浪费。 由于天然纤维优异的固有特 性， 发展一种新的方法使这些纤维再生利用具有巨大的市场潜力。
与此同时， 不仅纺织工业， 其他一些工业领域在新材料功能设计与应 用方面也需要这样的技术。
现有技术中， 已有一些专利涉及上述纤维的再生利用 , 如美国专利 us 6,437,050 B1 提出一种高分子纳米颗粒复合物， 其以聚链烯苯 [poly (alkenybenzene)] 为核, 聚共扼二埽 [poly(conjugated diene)]为表面层， 用 分散聚合工艺 （一种制备高分子超细粉体方法） 制得。 其平均粒径小于 100眠
中国专利申请 CN 94115873.X给出一种化学处理、 粉碎、 过滤、 低温 干燥方法用棉和麻纤维制备平均尺度在 2.5 - 10 nm 范围的纤维素粉。
美国专利 US 5,853,764提出一种用碱液制备超细丝粉（也即： 材料是 丝） 的方法， 是一种化学方法。
美国专利 US 5,718,954提出一种方法制备出的一种超细丝 4分（材料是 丝）。 其平均粒径在 10 μιη左右。
美国专利 US 5,763,583 提出用动物毛发为原料， 在弱碱环境用硫代羟 基乙酸作氧化剂对其作变性处理， 将拒水的二硫键变为水溶性基团制备可 溶性蛋白的方法。
美国专利 US 5,276,138使用双氧水在弱碱环境 1001C长时间 （>lh )溶
确 认 本 2 T N2005/000620
解动物毛发（如羊毛）， 在等电点 （pH<3 ) 以下沉淀析出， 经过滤、 干燥 得到颗粒尺寸为 1-10μπι的羊毛粉。
通常有机材料表现出高强度和高延展性， 具有较高的断裂强， 难于用 传统的钢或铁球磨机械粉碎 /碾碎 /破碎成超细粒径。 同时， 传统金属机械在 碾磨过程中会产生大量热能， 使有机材料固有结构 发生变化， 并且对于有 机材料长时间工作机器本身也容易磨损。 发明内容
相对现有技术的上述不足之处， 本发明目的是提出一种简便的化学方 法破碎羊毛纤维。 利用该方法可以从天然羊毛纤维， 制备出纳米尺度的乳 液和粉末。
利用本发明的上述方法， 也就达致了使羊毛纤维可以重生环保利用。 本发明的另一目的是提供将羊毛纤维粉碎到纳米尺度并保持其固有结 构及特性的方法。
本发明的再一目的是将得到的纳米羊毛乳液用于处理纺织织物， 从而 提供附加功能。
本发明意外地发现， 将羊毛以碱性催化水解， 进而制备其纳米乳液， 所得的产品具有优秀的性能， 可以广泛用于纺织工业。 本发明的技术方案 ^！口下：
1. 采用碱性催化水解来制备羊毛的蛋白乳液， 其中包括：
- 在本领域可以了解的常规水解温度和时间下， 将羊毛纤维浸入碱液 中使其水解；
然后使用水解所得溶液制备纳米乳液， 其中溶液在搅拌下緩慢滴加 电解质 （无机酸）（该等无机酸是本领域的普通技术人员所熟知， 如盐酸等， 此处不再赞述)， 调整 ρΗ值至 5-7， 高于等电点， 形成 包含纳米尺度球状蛋白质晶的有序晶相的乳液； 和
■ 将所得乳液以本领域的常规方法（如用超声处理）进行进一步分散。
2. 制备干粉的步 以本领域的常规方法， 如采用喷雾干燥方法或冷冻干燥的方法， 来制 备上述乳液的纳米粉末。
3. 应用步驟： 使用纳米蛋白乳液处理织物， 如纯棉织物、 聚酯纤维等; · 例如将纯棉织物浸泡在纳米蛋白质乳液中形成蛋白质涂层。
总而言之， 本发明提供了一种纳米尺度的羊毛乳液， 其特征在于： 所 述乳液具有如图 3的粒度分布。
其中所述粉末具有平均约 73.3nm的粒径。
本发明还提供了一种纳米尺度的羊毛粉末， 其特征在于： 所述羊毛粉 末具有至少以下特征之一：
如图 2 ( a )和 /或图 2(b), ( c )所示；
具有如图 4的傅立叶变换红外分析曲线；
具有如图 5的 X射线衍射分析曲线。
本发明也提供了一种制备上述纳米尺度的羊毛乳液的方法， 该方法的 特征在于： 制备纳米羊毛乳液前， 使羊毛纤维碱性催化水解。
在所述将羊毛纤维浸入碱液中使其水解后， 使用水解所得溶液制备纳 米乳液， 方法是： 将水解所得溶液在搅拌下緩慢滴加无机酸电解质， 调整. pH值至 5-7, 高于等电点， 而形成包含纳米尺度的球状蛋白质晶的有序晶 相的乳液。
该方法还包括将所得乳液进行进一步分散的步骤。 其中所述将所述乳 液进行进一步分散是使用超声处理进行所述进一步分散。
本发明也提供了一种制备上述纳米尺度的羊毛粉末的方法， 该方法的 特征在于： 依照上述步骤制备好纳米羊毛乳液后， 制备成纳米粉末的步骤。
其中是采用喷雾干燥方法或冷冻干燥的方法， 来制备所述纳米粉末。 本发明又提供了所制得的纳米羊毛乳液的用途， 其中所述用途是用所 述纳米尺度的羊毛乳液处理纺织织物， 如纯棉织物、 聚酯纤维。
上述用途是将纯棉织物浸泡在所述纳米尺度的羊毛乳液中形成蛋白^ 涂层。
本发明还提供了纳米尺度的羊毛粉末于纺织工业中用以提高纺织织物 表面性能的用途。
此外， 本发明也同时提供一种将羊毛纤维重生利用， 以及将羊毛纤维 粉碎到纳米尺度并保持其固有结构及特性的方法的方法， 所述方法也即包 括上述制备乳液或粉末的步驟。
本发明的效果在于：
- 用此方法， 可以很容易地得到羊毛的纳米尺度的超细粉末；
■ 并且这种羊毛纳米尺度的粉末可以很方便地用以处理织物， 也即该 方法在工业化的批量生产纳米蛋白^功能粉体十分方便， 其中不需 复杂的工艺过程；
■ 处理后的织物的在各项性能如保暖系数、 抗紫外能力以及红外热保 护上的表现优异；
- 使用本发明的制备工艺条件所得的纳米羊毛粉末表现出更高的结晶 程度（见图 5 )；
■ 本发明的纳米羊毛粉末与原始羊毛材料几乎没有结构上的差异； ■ 制备方法的用途广泛： 本发明的羊毛水解方法可以广泛地用于制备 有机材料的纳米功能粉末或乳液并且容易实现工业化生产； 产品的用途广泛： 本发明的产品可以广泛地用于很多工业领域， 如纺 织、 医药等。 例如， 羊毛粉可以广泛用于纺织工业以及作为新的涂层剂。 这些产品可以在处理后提高纺织织物表面性能， 例如， 处理在合成纤维织 物表面使其同时具有天然和人造纤维地性能。 附图说明
图 1 所示的是羊毛纤维的显微照片， 例示的羊毛长约 60-120 mm, 直 径 25 μιη。
图 2(a)至 (c)所示的是制备出的纳米尺度的羊毛蛋白颗粒的透射显 镜 照片。 图 2(a)右下角的比例数目为 lOOnm; 图 2(b)和 (c)的则为 400nm。
图 3显示用 LS 13320激光粒度分析仪测定的蛋白乳液粒径尺寸及分布 结果， 结果显示平均粒径是约 73.3mn。 图 4 比较了原始羊毛粉和以上方法制备的纳米羊毛蛋白粉末傅立叶变 换红外分析曲线。
图 5 比较了原始羊毛粉和用本发明的方法制备的纳米羊毛蛋白粉末 X 射线衍射分析曲线。
在限定本发明的纳米羊毛乳液或粉末的方面， 一般只能使用其尺寸， 也即 "纳米" 级别， 或再加上其图谱（如附图所列的那些）来定义， 或者 以制备方法来定义。 具体实施方式
本发明采用羊毛作为处理对象。
材料的尺寸一般是其天然获得的尺寸。 本发明例示的是图 1所示的长 度为 60-120mm; 直径为 25μπι的羊毛。 但本发明的原料的尺寸不受此举例 尺寸的限制。
以下是演示羊毛蛋白乳液的制备方法：
实施例
将羊毛纤维（ 5g )浸入 100ml、 5 %的氢氧化钠溶液中， 控制温度在 100 V , 15分钟后几乎所有羊毛纤维溶解。
将所得溶液在低速搅拌下滴加浓度 3.7%的盐酸溶液， 调整羊毛水解液 pH值至 6.92形成 羊毛蛋白乳液。
其后， 使用本领域熟知的方法进行：
乳液用超声处理进行进一步分散；
采用喷雾干燥方法或冷冻干燥的方法， 来制备纳米羊毛蛋白粉末； 采用纳米羊毛蛋白乳液处理纯棉面料。
本发明的效果印证如下：
图 2(a)至 (c)示出制备的納米尺度的羊毛蛋白颗粒的透射显微镜照片。 用 LS 13320激光粒度分析仪测定的蛋白乳液粒径尺寸及分布结果（图 3显 示） ， 结果显示平均粒径是 73.3nm。
将原始羊毛粉和本发明的方法制备的纳米羊毛蛋白粉末进行比较， 其 分别的傅立叶变换红外分析曲线示于图 4。
图 4的傅立叶红外光 i普结果显示出几个特征吸收峰， 1653cm"1 吸收 峰显示多肽链 C=0 基团的伸缩振动； 1548cm-1 显示肽键中 N-H相 对于 C=0以反式构型的形式存在； 1401cm-1 显示肽键中 N-H相对于 C=0 以顺式构型的形式存在。 纳米羊毛蛋白粉末与原始羊毛材料几乎没有结构 上的差异。
将原始羊毛粉和用本发明的方法制备的纳米羊毛蛋白粉末进行比较， 其分 别的 X射线衍射分析曲线示于图 5。 图 5的 X射线衍射分析结果显示， 在 此制备工艺条件下， 纳米羊毛蛋白粉末表现出更高的结晶程度。
经本发明的纳米羊毛蛋白乳液处理的纯棉织物的具体性能表现如下：
1.样品索引
棉织物 01: 未处理棉织物
棉织物 02: 用纳米羊毛蛋白乳液处理的棉织物
2.保暖性系数 a值
标准差 标准误差 平均值 重量 (克） 棉织物 1 4.52 9.04 6.72 2.26 1.31 6.76 2.69 棉织物 2 46.61 49.32 49.32 1.57 0.91 48,42 . 3.19
3.UPF值测定
Figure imgf000007_0001
4. 红外特性分析 棉织 101 棉织柳 2
0.0188
0.0067
0.3021
0.0942
3.854 以上结果显示：
保暖性分析, 用本发明的 o o o1 ^"蛋白乳液处理后，保暖系数（α值）增加， 纯
寸 *
棉织物的饱暖能力比未处理纯棉织物提高 8倍。
UPF分析 , 纯棉织物用蛋白质处理后， UPF值是未处理纯棉织物 3 倍以上 ， 织物抗紫外能力大大提高。
红外特性分析, 纯棉织物用本发明的蛋白乳液处理后， 相对未处理纯棉织 物 Κ值（斜率）增大并且 2s-9s 间积分也同时增大， 说明吸收和发射红外 的能力增强、 减少了透射。 因此， 纯棉织物通过本发明的蛋白乳液处理， 具有红外热保护功能。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种纳米尺度的羊毛乳液， 其特征在于： 所述乳液具有如图 3的粒 度分布。
2. 根据权利要求 1的纳米尺度的羊毛乳液， 其中所述粉末具有平均约 73.3nm的粒径。
3. 一种纳米尺度的羊毛粉末， 其特征在于： 所述羊毛粉末具有至少以 下特征之一：
如图 2 ( a )和 /或图 2(b), ( c )所示；
具有如图 4的傅立叶变换红外分析曲线；
具有如图 5的 X射线衍射分析曲线。
4. 一种制备权利要求 1或 2的纳米尺度的羊毛乳液的方法， 该方法的 特征在于： 制备纳米羊毛乳液前， 使羊毛纤维碱性催化水解。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 该方法的特征在于：
在所述将羊毛纤维浸入碱液中使其水解后， 使用水解所得溶液制备纳 米乳液， 方法是： 将水解所得溶液在搅拌下緩慢滴加无机酸电解质， 调整 pH值至 5-7 , 高于等电点， 而形成包含纳米尺度的球状蛋白质晶的有序晶 相的乳液。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法， 该方法还包括将所得乳液进行进一步 分散的步骤。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法， 其中所述将所述乳液进行进一步分散 是使用超声处理进行所述进一步分散。
8. 一种制备权利要求 3的納米尺度的羊毛粉末的方法， 该方法的特征 在于：
将杈利要求 6或 7所得的纳米乳液制备成纳米粉末的步骤。
9. 根据权利要求 8的方法， 其中采用喷雾干燥方法或冷冻干燥的方法, 来制备所述纳米粉末。
10. 权利要求 1或 2的纳米尺度的羊毛乳液的用途， 其中所述用途是 用所述纳米尺度的羊毛乳液处理纺织织物。
11. 根据权利要求 10的用途， 其中所述织物是纯棉织物或聚酯纤维。
12. 根据权利要求 11的用途， 其中将纯棉织物浸泡在所述纳米尺度的 羊毛乳液中形成蛋白质涂层。
13. 权利要求 3的纳米尺度的羊毛粉末于纺织工业中用以提高纺织织 物表面性能的用途。
14. 一种将羊毛纤维重生利用的方法， 所述方法具有权利要求 4 - 7中 任一项所述的步骤。
15. 一种将羊毛纤维粉碎到纳米尺度并保持其固有结构及特性的方法， 所述方法具有如权利要求 4 - 7中任一项所述的步骤。
16. —种将羊毛纤维重生利用的方法， 所述方法具有权利要求 8所述 的步骤。
17. 根据权利要求 16的方法， 其中所述方法具有权利要求 9所述的步 骤。
18. —种将羊毛纤维粉碎到纳米尺度并保持其固有结构及特性的方法， 所述方法具有权利要求 8所述的步骤。
19. 根据权利要求 18的方法， 其中所述方法具有权利要求 9所述的步 骤。
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