WO2005094181A2 - Appareil portable de descente controlee - Google Patents

Appareil portable de descente controlee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005094181A2
WO2005094181A2 PCT/IL2005/000371 IL2005000371W WO2005094181A2 WO 2005094181 A2 WO2005094181 A2 WO 2005094181A2 IL 2005000371 W IL2005000371 W IL 2005000371W WO 2005094181 A2 WO2005094181 A2 WO 2005094181A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reel
cable
drum
braking
friction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2005/000371
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005094181A3 (fr
Inventor
Ehud Gal
Alon Tavori
Original Assignee
Res-Q Rescue Technologies Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Res-Q Rescue Technologies Ltd. filed Critical Res-Q Rescue Technologies Ltd.
Priority to US11/547,237 priority Critical patent/US20070261921A1/en
Publication of WO2005094181A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005094181A2/fr
Publication of WO2005094181A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005094181A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-braking safety apparatus adapted to permit the rapid descent of persons on the outside of buildings or the like in cases of emergency. More particularly it relates to a device and method for.
  • Such a device can also be used in similar circumstances requiring rapid, safe descent from high places, such as cliffs, bridges, ships, or helicopters.
  • a number of prior art devices have been proposed such a winches, rappelling devices, and parachute shock absorbers.
  • the devices suffer from various disadvantages, such as damage incurred from inadequate dissipation of heat generated from friction during descent; reliance on batteries, oil, or other materials with limited shelf life and/or heavy weight; complex mechanisms that are costly to manufacture, maintain, and use; and fixed-point installation, which renders them useless if the emergency condition prevents people from reaching the device installation point.
  • a self-braking apparatus provided for cases of emergency in which a rapid descent of persons threatened by fire or danger is required on the outside of buildings or the like.
  • the apparatus can be secured to a fixed point from which the descent is to be made and comprises a rotor on which a rope is wound which is mounted coaxially and inwardly of a drum.
  • a heat-resistant handle and a brake, which can be actuated by the user are secured to the drum by brackets.
  • the rotor is provided with a plurality of radial holes each containing a spring urging a brake pad outwardly against the inner surface of the drum.
  • the brake which can be actuated by the user, is formed by a pair of levers pivotally connected to each other and acting with one of their ends on rods having an inclined plane in turn acting on brake pads urged against the lateral surface of the drum by the rods.
  • an escape device for escaping from a building or other high area in an emergency comprises a worm gear mechanism driven by an electric motor and operatively coupled to a reel having a length of high tension line wound around it, arranged within a casing, and a belt connected to the casing for supporting a person's body.
  • the worm gear mechanism rotates the reel, feeding out the line, and thereby lowering the user to a safe location below.
  • the present apparatus is portable, is inexpensive to mass manufacture, is lightweight, dissipates heat efficiently and safety, requires no maintenance, can be used without special training by almost any person, and can even be used to lower an unconscious person to safety.
  • a device for facilitating a controlled descent of a body comprising: a rotatable reel around which at least a portion of a cable is wound, a first end of the cable secured to the reel and a second end of the cable free; a friction drum mounted coaxially around the reel, the cable, upon leaving the reel wound at least partially around the drum; a carrier on which the reel and the drum are mounted; wherein the reel is provided with braking means for braking rotational motion of the reel and for balancing descending speed of the body.
  • the carrier is provided with a harness, for harnessing the device to the body.
  • the carrier is provided with a fixator for fixing the device to an anchorage position.
  • the braking means comprises at least two braking arms, each pivotally connected to the reel, operable by a centrifugal force when the reel is rotated, thus exerting friction force between the arm and the drum.
  • the braking arms comprise, each an arm pivotally connected at a first end to the reel and provided with a mass at a second end.
  • each braking arm is provided with a braking pad.
  • the braking pad is located between the first end and the second end of the arm, facing the drum.
  • the braking means comprises at least one dynamo, for producing electric current driven through resistance, the resistance serving for braking the reel, transferring rotational energy of the reel into heat.
  • the braking means comprises hydraulic means.
  • the hydraulic means comprises a hydraulic pump.
  • the device is further provided with additional friction exerting elements for exerting friction on the cable as the body descends.
  • the additional friction exerting elements comprise drums.
  • the carrier is enclosed in a casing.
  • the device is further provided with a recoil mechanism for retracting loose cable and recoiling the cable on the reel.
  • the recoil mechanism comprises springs.
  • the device further comprises initial tension limiter, for preventing sudden impact on the body as it starts descending.- Furthermore, in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the device further comprises a fixed cable outlet, for securing a single outlet on the carrier for the cable.
  • a method for facilitating a controlled descent of a body comprising: providing a rotatable reel around which at least a portion of a cable is wound, a first end of the cable secured to the reel and a second end of the cable free; providing a friction drum mounted coaxially around the reel, the cable, upon leaving the reel wound at least partially around the drum; providing a carrier on which the reel and the drum are mounted; wherein the reel is provided with braking means for braking rotational motion of the reel and for balancing descending speed of the body; attaching the carrier to the body and securing the free end of the cable to an anchorage position; allowing the body to descend.
  • a method for facilitating a controlled descent of a body comprising: providing a rotatable reel around which at least a portion of a cable is wound, a first end of the cable secured to the reel and a second end of the cable free; providing a friction drum mounted coaxially around the reel, the cable, upon leaving the reel wound at least partially around the drum; providing a carrier on which the reel and the drum are mounted; wherein the reel is provided with braking means for braking rotational motion of the reel and for balancing descending speed of the body; attaching the carrier to an anchorage position and securing the free end of the cable to the body; allowing the body to descend.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a portable apparatus for controlled descent in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of static and dynamic energy transfer mechanisms in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view detail of components of a dynamic energy transfer mechanism in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric drawing of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in a casing.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view detail of an outlet through which the cable leaves the apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a rotated isometric view of a portable apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, along section line C-C.
  • FIG. 10A is an exemplary installation of an apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10B is an enlargement of detail D in FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. 11 is an isometric view of an apparatus for rapid controlled descent with the dynamic mechanism implemented as a dynamo in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an isometric view of an apparatus for rapid controlled descent with the dynamic mechanism implemented as a hydraulic pump in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view of the apparatus of FIG. 12 with a gear housing cover installed.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram of the factors involved in an energy transfer calculation for a dynamic braking mechanism in exemplary apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a portable apparatus for controlled descent of a person (or other body of mass) from a height by means of a cable wound onto a reel of the apparatus.
  • the user straps on the apparatus, attaches the free end of the cable to a solid fixed point, and lowers himself out of a window or other egress point from which he or she can descend to a lower point.
  • the most common anticipated use for the ' apparatus is for escaping from high building floors down the outside of the building.
  • the controlled descent is effected automatically by two energy transfer mechanisms that convert the energy of the falling person into heat and dissipate that heat: a static mechanism based on friction of the cable on a drum takes up most of the descent energy and a dynamic mechanism based on friction exerting arms, that are coupled to the reel on which the cable is wound, and interact with the drum, affected by centrifugal forces, thus balancing the speed of descent.
  • the dynamic mechanism applies a centrifugal brake to a drum, preferably the internal surface of the cable drum. The greater the tension on the cable, the faster the spin of the dynamic mechanism and consequently the greater the centrifugal force and consequently the greater the braking effect.
  • centrifugal brake is a preferred embodiment of the dynamic mechanism for energy transfer of the present invention
  • this mechanism such as but not limited to: a set of gears, a hydraulic rotor, a dynamo, or a viscous motor. All such alternative embodiments of the dynamic mechanism as are apparent to one skilled in the art are anticipated, and incorporated, by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 the components of a portable apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention are now described.
  • Cable- 1 is characterized by having a distal free end for attachment to a fixed point in the building, the point characterized by being able to support the weight of the body and the apparatus during descent.
  • the fixed point can be a dedicated component, such as a ring anchored to the building structure for this purpose or it can be a non- dedicated cpmponent, for example the wall between two adjacent windows where the cable is looped around the wall and then hooked onto itself.
  • Cable 1 preferably has at its distal end an attachment means 25 for attaching to the fixed point through tension limiter 12.
  • An example of an attaching means is a hook or ring. Cable 1 feeds through cable outlet 14 and external wheel 3 to friction drum 2.
  • Cable 1 is wound around friction drum 2 at least one of a plurality of windings (typically more than one winding, but even partial winding - for example only a sector of the drum - may suffice).
  • Cable ! is characterized by having adequate tension strength to maintain its structural integrity when tension is applied to it during descent and by having a high coefficient of heat conduction for dissipating much of the heat generated by friction between cable 1 and friction drum 2 during descent into the surrounding air as it plays out behind the descending person.
  • Friction drum 2 is characterized by having adequate structural strength to maintain its structural integrity when tension is applied to it during descent and by having a low coefficient of heat conduction, thereby causing most of the heat generated by friction between cable 1 and friction drum 2 during descent to be conducted into cable 1 for dissipation.
  • cable 1 passes over internal wheel 5 to cable winding reel 4, where the cable is initially wound up and attached to cable winding reel 4 at the cable's proximal end.
  • Cable 1 and friction drum 2 comprise the main static energy transfer mechanism of the present apparatus.
  • static energy transfer is meant energy transfer without the aid of moving parts other than the cable itself, as opposed to “dynamic energy transfer”, which relates to energy transfer through moving parts in addition to the cable.
  • dynamic energy transfer is now described.
  • To cable winding reel 4 is attached an end of at least one of a plurality of pivotal arms 6B. Arm 6B is attached at its other end to mass element 7, which is turned by cable winding reel 4 as the reel spins to unwind cable 1 during descent.
  • Centrifugal force causes brake pad 8 attached to arm 6B against the internal surface of a friction ring 9, which is preferably friction drum 2.
  • Arm 6B may be pivotally attached directly to reel 4 or alternatively (as shown in this Figure) it may be pivotally attached to extension arm 6A coupled to the reel.
  • the entire apparatus as described here starting from outlet 14 is mounted on base carrier 10 to which is also preferably connected a harness, such as straps 11, which are used to strap the user to the other side of base carrier 10.
  • straps 11 comprise a standard rappelling harness for unskilled users with a low connective center of gravity such that an unconscious user will remain in a heads-up position during descent.
  • Optional hip straps lib may be also provided for better engagement of the apparatus to the person using it.
  • the drum may be an integral part of the carrier base, in some preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • Optional initial tension limiter 12 takes up initial excess tension by running cable 26 - in the embodiment shown in this figure this is a separate cable, through holes 13 in the initial tension limiter 12. Initial excess tension can occur if the user drops in an uncontrolled manner from his building egress point and/or if the user plays out a length of cable before starting his descent. Cable clamps 28 may be used. With reference to FIG. 2, there is now summarized the division of tensions produced on cable 1 by the descent of the apparatus and its user (passenger). Cable 1 enters the apparatus under high tension
  • Tl produced by the force of gravity on the mass of the apparatus and its user.
  • Cable 1 passes through cable outlet 14 and external wheel 3 to friction drum 2.
  • Cable 1 is wound around friction drum 2 at least one of a plurality of windings (typically more than one winding, but even partial winding - for example only a sector of the drum - may suffice), which convert via friction a significant portion of tension Tl to heat that is dissipated by the unwinding cable 1.
  • cable 1 is under reduced tension T2 and passes through internal wheel 5 to cable winding reel
  • Tl 5 T2*e (M*Alfa) (equation 1)
  • Tl is the tension on the cable outside the apparatus (before friction drum 2)
  • T2 is the tension on the cable inside the apparatus (after friction drum 2)
  • M is the static coefficient of friction between cable 1 and friction drum 2
  • Alfa is the winding angle in radians of cable 1 on friction drum 2.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlargement of detail B of FIG. 2, illustrating mass element 7 that applies, due to centrifugal force (Fr) a frictional force (Ff) via brake pad 8 against the internal surface of friction ring 9, which can b ⁇ the internal surface of drum 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Cable 1 is shown wound around friction drum 2 and cable winding reel 4. Friction ring 9, which receives braking friction from brake pad 8 of arm 6B, is illustrated as a separate component from friction drum 2 although the two components can be combined, with the outer surface of friction drum 2 receiving friction from cable 1 and the inner service receiving braking friction from arm 6B.
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric drawing of a preferred embodiment of the present invention with a casing.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlargement of detail A of FIG. 2, illustrating cable 1 running through cable outlet 14 and external wheel 3 to friction drum 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a rotated isometric view of a portable apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • cable 1 feeds through cable outlet 14 and then around at least one of a plurality (preferably four) of external friction exerting drums 30. The increased number of external friction exerting drums 30 translates into increased static frictional energy transfer from cable motion to heat.
  • An optional recoil mechanism 34 may be provided. Additional friction exerting elements, such as plate 32, with a curved edge, for guiding cable 1 across the element, may also be provided. Note that on one or more friction exerting drums the cable may be wound more than one winding. The tension on cable 1 is reduced over the friction exerting drums and is therefore lower where it reaches the reel (the portion of the cable indicated by lb).
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view across section line C-C of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8.
  • An optional recoil mechanism 34 is provided, for recoiling the cable after it is unwound in the process of descent.
  • FIG. 10A is an exemplary installation of a portable apparatus for rapid controlled descent installed in a room in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10B is an enlargement of detail D in FIG. 10A.
  • the apparatus 100 is permanently installed in wall rack 104 (here provided with screw holes 106 for securing the rack to the wall by screws, but other securing means may be used too) on wall 102.
  • the user wears a rappelling harness and connects it to cable attachment means.
  • the apparatus comprises dynamic and static mechanisms for controlling the descent as have been described earlier.
  • the operation of a portable apparatus for rapid controlled descent in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is now described in detail.
  • the primary concept is to convert the potential energy of the descending user and apparatus to heat energy.
  • Operation 1 Cable 1 rubs against friction drum 2, thereby releasing energy.
  • the coefficient of heat conduction of friction drum 2 is low and that of the cable is high, therefore the cable warms up from the friction and unwinds above the descending user where it cools off safely in the air, away from the user and the apparatus, while the friction drum does not heat up to a point that could damage the apparatus or injure the user.
  • Operation 2 Cable winding drum 4 spins as the cable unwinds, thereby spinning with it the mass elements 7 attached to it.
  • Brake pads 8 create a dynamic centrifugal frictional force on friction ring 9 (preferably nternal surface of friction drum 2), thereby dynamically maintaining the system in a state of balance where the user descends steadily at a predetermined velocity.
  • the dynamic braking of operation 2 can equally be implemented by other mechanisms producing similar results, such as viscous friction of the brake pads in a fluid or of gears in oil.
  • An exemplary alternative embodiment of the present invention, where the dynamic mechanism is implemented as a dynamo is shown in FIG. 11.
  • winding gear 120 is connected to dynamo 124 by belt 122.
  • Current generated by dynamo 124 passes through wires 128 to resistor 126.
  • Resistance or resistor 126 slows dynamo 124, thereby slowing winding gear 120.
  • gear housing 130 houses braking gear 132, which is coaxially connected to cable winding reel 4, and second gear 134.
  • Braking gear 132 is turned by cable winding reel 4 and turns second gear 134.
  • Oil from oil reservoir 138 flows through pipe 136 to gear housing 130 where it is pumped by the turning gears out the other side of gear housing 130 into the remaining portion of pipe 136, through reducer 140 back to oil reservoir 138.
  • FIG. 13 is a view of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 12 with gear housing cover 142 installed.
  • an alternative embodiment of the present invention can be built without the static mechanism of operation 1, however the static mechanism enables the dynamic mechanism to be built more simply and at lower cost. The following data is given for exemplary purpose only and serves to illustrate the design principles of the present invention. Calculations (refer to FIG. 14):
  • the static mechanism of operation 1 diffused 90% of the energy, most of it as heating of the cable playing out above the apparatus.
  • the internal tension (T2) on the cable remains a constant 10% of the external tension (Tl) due to the friction between cable and drum.
  • the dynamic mechanism (operation 2) balances itself.
  • the cable winding drum empties out, making it easier for the mechanism to brake the cable winding drum because the moment goes down in direct proportion to the diameter of the wound cable. In other words, it can be expected that a person at a higher point in his descent, when more cable is still on the winding drum, would fall faster than at a lower point when there is less cable on the winding drum.
  • the apparatus of the present invention has special appeal stemming form the fact that it needs no special fittings or installation and the end user may decide for himself if he wants to get such an apparatus, regardless the conditions of his home or workplace. He can chose where to store the apparatus and it is his choice what would be the location and timing of his personal evacuation. It should be clear that the description of the embodiments and attached Figures set forth in this specification serves only for a better understanding of the invention, without limiting its scope as covered by the following Claims. It should also be clear that a person skilled in the art, after reading the present specification could make adjustments or amendments to the attached Figures and above described embodiments that would still be covered by the following Claims.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Storing, Repeated Paying-Out, And Re-Storing Of Elongated Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif permettant une descente contrôlée de corps comportant: une poulie autour de laquelle s'enroule au moins une partie d'un câble dont une première extrémité est fixée à la poulie, et la deuxième extrémité est libre; un tambour de frottement coaxial avec la poulie autour duquel le câble quittant la poulie s'enroule au moins partiellement; et un support où sont montés la poulie et le tambour. La poulie est munie d'un dispositif de freinage de sa rotation qui contrôle la vitesse de descente du corps.
PCT/IL2005/000371 2004-04-04 2005-04-04 Appareil portable de descente controlee WO2005094181A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/547,237 US20070261921A1 (en) 2004-04-04 2005-04-04 Portable Apparatus for Controlled Descent

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL161265 2004-04-04
IL16126504 2004-04-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005094181A2 true WO2005094181A2 (fr) 2005-10-13
WO2005094181A3 WO2005094181A3 (fr) 2009-04-23

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US (1) US20070261921A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005094181A2 (fr)

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US20110005865A1 (en) * 2008-03-30 2011-01-13 Alon Tavori Apparatus for controlled descent from an elevated location
CN102019047A (zh) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-20 何少敦 一种空中降落器
CN102120063A (zh) * 2011-01-31 2011-07-13 何少敦 一种空中降落器
CN108379753A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2018-08-10 浙江英洛华安全技术有限公司 具有降速调节功能的缓降器及逃生包
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WO2015189867A1 (fr) * 2014-06-10 2015-12-17 Gamba Davide Dispositif de sécurité de corde coulissante pour toits et similaires, procédé correspondant permettant d'amortir les contraintes agissant sur un utilisateur d'un dispositif de sécurité de corde et garde-corps doté d'une corde coulissante
ITUB20154764A1 (it) 2015-10-27 2017-04-27 Davide Gamba Nuovo dispositivo di sicurezza a cavo scorrevole per condutture in pressione o sistemi o apparecchiature simili
CN107198837B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2019-09-10 台州市洛克赛工具有限公司 一种智能逃生背包
CN108114382A (zh) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-05 南阳及时星应急救援装备有限公司 一种高层逃生缓降器
CN110202013B (zh) * 2019-05-20 2020-06-16 杭州电子科技大学 一种垂降装置及其垂降方法
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US20110005865A1 (en) * 2008-03-30 2011-01-13 Alon Tavori Apparatus for controlled descent from an elevated location
CN102019047A (zh) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-20 何少敦 一种空中降落器
CN102120063A (zh) * 2011-01-31 2011-07-13 何少敦 一种空中降落器
CN108379753A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2018-08-10 浙江英洛华安全技术有限公司 具有降速调节功能的缓降器及逃生包
CN113975666A (zh) * 2021-11-01 2022-01-28 广州粤芯半导体技术有限公司 逃生装置

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