WO2005092898A1 - Conjugue d'extraits de tripterydium a polymere hydrophile et leurs compositions pharmaceutiques - Google Patents

Conjugue d'extraits de tripterydium a polymere hydrophile et leurs compositions pharmaceutiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005092898A1
WO2005092898A1 PCT/CN2005/000298 CN2005000298W WO2005092898A1 WO 2005092898 A1 WO2005092898 A1 WO 2005092898A1 CN 2005000298 W CN2005000298 W CN 2005000298W WO 2005092898 A1 WO2005092898 A1 WO 2005092898A1
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triptolide
group
polyethylene glycol
conjugate according
ester
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PCT/CN2005/000298
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Shishan Ji
Dequan Zhu
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Beijing Jenkem Technology Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2005092898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005092898A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/333Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/34Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/595Polyamides, e.g. nylon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/22Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combination of a hydrophilic polymer and a tripterygium wilfordii extract or a derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the combination.
  • Tripterygium wilfordii is also called yellow rattan, belonging to the genus Euonymus.
  • Fujian firstly used Tripterygium wilfordii to treat leprosy and rheumatoid arthritis, and obtained satisfactory results.
  • Tripterygium wilfordii also has a certain effect on the infection caused by cancer and organ transplantation.
  • Tripterygium wilfordii The constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii are complex, and its active ingredients are: triptolide, tripdiolide, triptonide, hypolide methyl ether, and triptolide Triptonolide, tripcheorolide, triptriolide, wilforonide, tripterygine, tripterygine, wilfordine, tripterol Wilforgine, wilforine, wilfortrine, wilforzine, wilfordic acid, hydroxy wilfordic acid, wilfordine (Tripterin or celustrol), tripterygium glycosides, etc.
  • Triptolide and betaine both have obvious antitumor activity.
  • tripterygium wilfordii Animal experiments show that the most sensitive target organs for the toxicity of tripterygium wilfordii are the gastrointestinal system, hematopoietic system, and reproductive system. The digestive tract reaction is the most common. Rat testicular reproductive epithelium is degenerative, spermatogonia cell division is inhibited, and spermatogenic cells at all levels decrease and disappear. A large number of studies have shown that triptolide is its main active ingredient and also a major toxic ingredient, and the effective dose is almost equivalent to the toxic dose, which greatly hinders the further popularization of the Chinese medicine triptolide.
  • PEG and its derivatives are used as Carriers for pharmaceutical preparations have been widely used in many commercial drugs, and attempts to bond PEG to drug molecules have also made great progress in the past decade, and are widely used in many approved drugs, such as PEG -intron® and PEGasys®, the bond of ⁇ -interferon and polyethylene glycol show longer circulating half-life and better therapeutic effect.
  • Paclitaxel and polyethylene glycol linkages have correspondingly reduced toxicity and prolonged biological activity. The metabolic process of polyethylene glycol in the human body is quite clear, and it is a safe, no side effect drug modifier.
  • the object of the present invention is to combine the hydrophilic polymer with the tripterygium wilfordii extract by a similar method, thereby increasing the solubility of the tripterygium wilfordii extract, reducing its toxicity, and extending the cycle of the tripterygium wilfordii extract in the organism Half-life to ensure proper drug concentration and provide sustained release.
  • P is a water-soluble polymer, and is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, polypropylene morpholine, and copolymers thereof; n is an integer that does not exceed a terminal on P at most Number of active functional groups;
  • L is a linking group selected from the group consisting of an ester group, a carbonate group, an amide group, an amide ester group, an ether group, an amine group, and a urethane group;
  • the extract of Tripterygium wilfordii includes but is not limited to: triptolide, tripdiolide, triptonide, hypolide methyl ether) ⁇ triptonolide, tripcheorolide, triptriolide, wilforonide, tripterygine, triptolide (wilfordine), tripterine (wilforgine), tripterine (wilforine), tripterine (wilfortrine), tripterine (wilforzine), tripterylic acid (wilfordic acid), hydroxy tripterine (hydroxy triptolide) wilfordic acid), tripterin or celustrol, and triptoside.
  • the water-soluble polymer is preferably polyethylene glycol or a copolymer thereof.
  • the conjugate is a hydrophilic polymer-triptolide conjugate represented by the following general formula:
  • P represents a water-soluble polymer, preferably polyethylene glycol or a copolymer thereof; ⁇ is an integer, and the maximum number does not exceed the number of terminal functional groups on P;
  • L is a linking group that connects the triptolide extract with the end-active functional group of the water-soluble polymer, preferably but not limited to: ester group, carbonate group, amide group, amide ester group, ether group, amine group, amino acid ester group .
  • a hydrophilic polymer represented by the general formula (II), a polycarboxy oligopeptide, and a triptolide extract or a derivative thereof is provided:
  • P is a hydrophilic polymer, selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, polypropylene morpholine, and copolymers thereof; m is an integer from 2 to 12; j is 1 An integer of 6
  • Ri is a group selected from the group consisting of H, d- 12 alkyl, substituted aryl, arylfluorenyl, heterofluorenyl, and substituted fluorenyl;
  • X is a linking group, selected from 0 (CH 2 ); tCO, 0 (CH 2 ) k OCO, 0 (CH 2 ) * NHCO, NR (CH 2 ) k OCO, NR (CH 2 ) NHCO, NR (CH 2 ) a group consisting of * CO, where A: is an integer from 1 to 6;
  • Z is a linking group selected from the group consisting of an ester group, a carbonate group, an amide group, an amide ester group, an ether group, an amine group, a urethane group, and an amino acid amide group;
  • D is a tripterygium wilfordii extract or a derivative thereof, preferably triptolide. According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-mentioned conjugate.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the modified drug of the hydrophilic polymer can provide protection to the drug bound to the Tripterygium wilfordii extract, improve its stability and water solubility, reduce toxicity, and prolong the activity of the active extract of Tripterygium wilfordii in biological The circulation half-life in the body ensures proper drug concentration and provides a sustained release function.
  • the conjugate of the present invention can be prepared as follows: The hydrophilic polymer is modified, active functional groups are introduced, and then the active group (such as the hydroxyl group on triptolide) is combined with the triptolide extract.
  • An example of polyethylene glycol as a hydrophilic polymer will now be described. It should be understood that the water-soluble polymer of the present invention is not limited to polyethylene glycol or a copolymer thereof, and for example, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, polypropylene morpholine, and copolymers thereof can also be used.
  • the structural formula of polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be shown in (III):
  • R is H or C ⁇ z ⁇ group
  • R is lower fluorenyl
  • R may be any lower alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl Or n-hexyl.
  • R is a cycloalkyl group
  • R is preferably a cyclofluorenyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclohexyl.
  • a preferred cycloalkyl is cyclohexyl.
  • R is most preferably methyl, ie the compound formed is methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG).
  • mPEG methoxypolyethylene glycol
  • branched or other structured polyethylene glycols can also be used in this invention.
  • Y-shaped branch, U-shaped branch, star-shaped and multi-branched polyethylene glycol, etc. can also be used to modify the molecular structure of tripterygium wilfordii extract.
  • polyethylene glycol the molecular weight is generally used. As long as the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol forming the conjugate is 150 to 60,000 Daltons, this is equivalent to / about 3 to 1,300.
  • / is 28, 112, 225, and 450, which correspond to molecular weights of 1325, 5000, 10,000, and 20,000, respectively. Due to the potential heterogeneity of the starting PEG compound, which is usually defined by its average molecular weight rather than by self-repeating units, it is preferred to characterize the polyethylene glycol polymer by molecular weight rather than the integer / representing self-repeating units in the PEG polymer.
  • Various molecular weight starting PEG compounds can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the extract of Tripterygium wilfordii includes but is not limited to: triptolide, tripdiolide, triptonide, hypolide methyl ether) triptonolide, tripcheorolide, triptriolide, wilforonide, tripterygine, triptolide (wilfordine), tripterine (wilforgine), tripterine (wilforine), tripterine (wilfortrine), tripterine (wilforzine), tripterylic acid (wilfordic acid), hydroxy tripterine (hydroxy triptolide) wilfordic acid), tripterin or celustrol, and triptoside.
  • Their chemical structures are as follows:
  • Tripdiolide contains hydroxyl groups in these structures, and can be combined with polymers that have been modified by end groups through methods such as ester groups, carbonate groups, and amide ester groups to achieve effective protection and reasonable drug molecules. use.
  • the ester group can release a pharmaceutically active ingredient in a biologically degradable manner.
  • the hydrophilic polymer- Tripterygium wilfordii extract conjugate of the present invention can be administered in the form of a pure compound or a suitable pharmaceutical composition, and can also be performed in any acceptable manner of administration or an agent for similar purposes. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate.
  • the method of administration can be selected through oral, intranasal, rectal, transdermal or injection.
  • the form of administration is solid, semi-solid, lyophilized powder or liquid medicine, such as tablets, suppositories, pills, Soft and hard gelatin Capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions or aerosols, etc. are preferably in unit dosage form suitable for simple administration of precise doses.
  • the composition may include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and the conjugate of the present invention as an active ingredient (one or more), and may further include other agents, carriers, adjuvants, and the like.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable composition will contain from about 1 to about 99% by weight of a conjugate of the invention, and from 99 to 1% by weight of a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
  • the composition comprises from about 5 to 75% by weight of a conjugate of the invention, the balance being suitable pharmaceutical excipients.
  • the preferred route of administration is by injection, using a conventional daily dosage regimen that can be adjusted according to the severity of the disease.
  • the combination of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can also be formulated as an injectable, for example, using about 0.5 to about 50% of the active ingredient dispersed in a pharmaceutical adjuvant that can be administered in liquid form, an example being water , Saline, aqueous glucose, glycerol, ethanol, etc., thereby forming a solution or suspension.
  • the pharmaceutical composition that can be administered in liquid form can be dissolved and dispersed in a carrier by dissolving or dispersing the conjugate of the present invention (about 0.5 to about 20%) and a selective pharmaceutical adjuvant.
  • a carrier by dissolving or dispersing the conjugate of the present invention (about 0.5 to about 20%) and a selective pharmaceutical adjuvant.
  • examples are water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, etc. to form a solution or suspension.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also contain a small amount of auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, antioxidants, etc., such as: citric acid, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oil Acid esters, butylated hydroxytoluene, and the like.
  • triptolide 100 mg triptolide, 1.0 g of methoxypolyethylene glycol acetic acid (Mw5000), 36 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine dissolved in 15 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane, and 80 mg of dicyclohexylcarbodicarbonate Imine. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The precipitate was removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated. The residue was added with 15 ml of isopropanol and 30 ml of diethyl ether, washed with filtration, and the product was dried under vacuum. Triptolide-14-methoxy polyethylene glycol acetate (1) was obtained. Yield: 0.9 g. Melting point: 55—57 ° C.
  • triptolide 100 mg triptolide, 1.0 g polyethylene glycol diacetate (MwlOOOO), 36 mg 4-dimethylaminopyridine dissolved in 15 ml of anhydrous dichloroformamidine, and 80 mg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide added amine. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The precipitate was removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated. The residue was added with 15 ml of isopropanol and 30 ml of diethyl ether, washed by filtration, and the product was dried under vacuum. Triptolide-14-polyethylene glycol acetate diester (2) was obtained. Yield: 0.9 g. Melting point-57_59 ° C.
  • Example 8 Preparation of a lyophilized powder injection of a conjugate of the present invention This example illustrates the preparation of a representative parenteral pharmaceutical composition, which composition comprises the conjugate of the present invention.
  • Example 5 0.9% saline solution to 100 ml.
  • the conjugate of Example 5 was dissolved in 0.9% saline solution to obtain 100 ml of a solution for intravenous injection, which was filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m membrane filter material, frozen, dried under Packaging to obtain lyophilized powder injection.

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Description

亲水性聚合物一雷公藤提取物的结合物及其药物组合物 发明领域 本发明涉及亲水性聚合物与雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物以及包含该结合 物的药物组合物。 背景技术 雷公藤 (Tripterygium wilfordii)又称黄藤, 属卫矛科雷公藤属植物。 60年代福建首 先将雷公藤用于治疗麻风反应及类风湿性关节炎, 获得满意的疗效。 近年来发现雷 公藤对癌症及器官移植所引发的感染也有一定的疗效。 雷公藤所含成分复杂, 其有效 成分为: 雷公藤甲素 (triptolide)、 雷公藤乙素 (tripdiolide)、 雷公藤酮 (triptonide)、 山海 棠素甲醚 (hypolide methyl ether)、 雷公藤酮内酯 (triptonolide;)、 雷公藤氯内酯醇 (tripcheorolide) 、 雷藤内酯三醇 (triptriolide) 、 雷公藤素(wilforonide) 、 雷公藤碱 (tripterygine)、雷公藤定碱 (wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱 (wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱 (wilforine)、 雷公藤春碱 (wilfortrine)、 雷公藤辛碱 (wilforzine)、 雷公藤酸 (wilfordic acid)、 羟基雷公 藤酸 (hydroxy wilfordic acid) 、 雷公藤红 (tripterin或 celustrol)、 雷公藤多甙等。 雷公藤甲素、 乙素均有明显的抗肿瘤活性。对白血病患者离体白细胞有明显的抑 制或杀灭作用。 0.1和 0.25mg/kg对小鼠 L1210、 P388具有明显活性, 生命延长率在 159%以上, 并使部分动物长期存活。 雷公藤甲素对检测的三个国内胃癌细胞系均显 示较明显的生长抑制作用。 但是雷公藤甲素的溶解性较差。 为了提高水溶性, US 6569893 披露了雷公藤甲素的氨基酸衍生物。 US 6,620,843 报道了雷公藤甲素的琥珀 酸盐衍生物 (PG490-88)。 雷公藤毒性较大, 俗称断肠草。 雷公藤有一定的毒副作用, 动物实验显示雷公藤 毒性最敏感的靶器官是胃肠系、 造血系及生殖系, 以消化道反应最常见。 大鼠睾丸生 殖上皮退行性变, 精原细胞分裂受抑制、 各级生精细胞减少和消失。 大量研究表明, 雷公藤甲素是其主要活性成分,也是主要毒性成分,且有效剂量与毒性剂量几乎相当, 这大大妨碍中药雷公藤在临床应用方面的进一步推广。 在提高雷公藤提取物水溶性的同时, 降低其毒性, 提高药物的药理学半衰期, 增 强其稳定性及到达靶部位的几率, 改变给药途径和改善生物利用度, 和水溶性高分子 聚合物键合成为本发明的目的。 目前, 聚乙二醇衍生物广泛地用在与蛋白质、肽以及其他治疗药物的结合以延长 药物的生理半衰期, 降低其免疫原性和毒性。 在临床使用中, PEG及其衍生物作为制 作药物制剂的载体已经在很多商业药品中得到了广泛的应用, 而将 PEG键合到药物 分子的尝试在最近十年里也得到了长足的发展, 在许多批准药品中被广泛使用, 如 PEG-intron® 和 PEGasys®, α—干扰素与聚乙二醇的键合物就表现出了更长的循环半 衰期和更好的治疗效果。紫杉醇与聚乙二醇的键合物也相应的降低了毒性和延长了生 物活性。 聚乙二醇在人体内的代谢过程已相当清楚, 是一种安全的、 无副作用的药物 改性剂。 在与药物结合时, 常用到一种被称为聚乙二醇化 (PEGylation) 的工艺, 即聚乙 二醇的端基被化学活化后具有一适当的官能团, 此官能团对要结合的药物中的至少一 个官能团具有活性, 能与之形成稳定的键。 因此, 本发明的目的是通过类似的方法用亲水性聚合物与雷公藤提取物结合, 由 此提高雷公藤提取物的溶解性, 降低其毒性, 延长雷公藤提取物在生物体中的循环半 衰期, 以保证适当的药物浓度和提供缓释功能。 发明概述 按照本发明的一个方面,提供了通式 (I)的亲水性聚合物一雷公藤提取物或其衍生 物的结合物:
? { ~ L— D )
\ ' n
(I)
其中:
P为水溶性聚合物, 选自由聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚氨基酸、 聚丙烯 吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组; n是一整数, 最大不超过 P上的端基活性官能团数;
L 为连接基团, 选自由酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 胺基、 氨基 酸酯基组成的组; 以及
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物。 在本发明的优选实施方案中, 所述雷公藤提取物包含但不限于: 雷公藤甲素 (triptolide)、 雷公藤乙素 (tripdiolide)、 雷公藤酮 (triptonide)、 山海棠素甲醚 (hypolide methyl ether) ^ 雷公藤酮内酯 (triptonolide)、 雷公藤氯内酯醇 (tripcheorolide) 、 雷藤内 酯三醇 (triptriolide) 、 雷公藤素 (wilforonide) 、 雷公藤碱 (tripterygine)、 雷公藤定碱 (wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱 (wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱 (wilforine)、雷公藤春碱 (wilfortrine)、 雷公藤辛碱 (wilforzine)、 雷公藤酸 (wilfordic acid), 羟基雷公藤酸 (hydroxy wilfordic acid) 、 雷公藤红 (tripterin或 celustrol)、 雷公藤多甙等。 在本发明的优选实施方案中, 水溶性聚合物优选聚乙二醇或其共聚物。 在本发明的优选实施方案中, 所述的结合物为以下通式表示的亲水性聚合物一雷 公藤甲素结合物-
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中:
P代表水溶性聚合物, 优选聚乙二醇或其共聚物; Π是一整数, 最大不超过 Ρ上的端基活性官能团数;
L 为连接基团, 连接雷公藤提取物与水溶性聚合物的端基活性官能团, 优选但不 限于: 酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 胺基、 氨基酸酯基。 根据本发明的另一个方面, 提供了通式 (II)表示的亲水性聚合物一多羧基寡肽一 雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
Figure imgf000006_0001
(Π)
其中-
P是亲水性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚氨基酸、 聚丙烯吗 啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组; m是 2— 12的整数; j为 1一 6的整数;
Ri为选自由 H、 d— 12烷基、 取代芳基、 芳垸基、 杂垸基、 和取代垸基组成的组 的基团;
X是连接基团,选自由 0(CH2);tCO、 0(CH2) kOCO, 0(CH2) *NHCO、 NR (CH2) k OCO、 NR(CH2) NHCO、 NR(CH2) *CO组成的组, 其中 A:为 1—6的整数;
Z是连接基团, 选自由酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 胺基、 氨基 酸酯基、 氨基酸酰胺基组成的组;
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物, 优选雷公藤甲素。 根据本发明的另一个方面, 其提供包含上述结合物的药物组合物。 本发明的一个优点是通过亲水性聚合物的改性可对雷公藤提取物的结合药物提 供保护, 提高了其稳定性和水溶性, 降低了毒性, 并延长了雷公藤活性提取物在生物 体中的循环半衰期, 保证了适当的药物浓度和提供缓释功能。 具体实施方式 本发明的结合物可如下制备: 对亲水性聚合物进行改性, 引入活性官能团, 然后 再与雷公藤提取物上的活性基团 (如雷公藤甲素上的羟基)结合。 现在以聚乙二醇作为亲水性聚合物的例子进行说明。但应理解的是, 本发明的水 溶性聚合物并不仅限于聚乙二醇或其共聚物, 还可使用例如聚丙二醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚 氨基酸、 聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物。 聚乙二醇 (PEG) 的结构式可如 (III)所示:
H2
、 H2 /
其中:
R为 H或 C^z垸基,
/为任何整数, 表征其聚合度。 当 R为低级垸基时, R可以是含有 1一 6个碳原子的任何低级烷基, 如甲基、 乙 基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基、 正戊基或正己基。 当 R为环烷基时, R优选 为含 3— 7个碳原子的环垸基, 如环丙基、 环丁基和环己基。 优选的环烷基为环己基。 R最优选为甲基, 即所形成的化合物是甲氧基聚乙二醇 (mPEG)。 当然, 除了直链聚乙二醇, 支链或其他结构的聚乙二醇也可用于此发明应用。 比 如 Y形分支、 U形分支, 星形和多叉分支的聚乙二醇等等, 也可用于对雷公藤提取物 的分子结构改造。 对聚乙二醇而言, 一般采用分子量予以表示, 只要使形成结合物的聚乙二醇的分 子量为 150~60,000道尔顿, 这相当于 /为大约 3〜1300。 更优选为, /为 28、 112、 225和 450, 这分别相应于分子量为 1325、 5000、 10,000和 20,000。 由于通常由其平 均分子量而非自重复单元限定的起始 PEG化合物的潜在不均一性, 优选用分子量表 征聚乙二醇聚合物, 而不是用整数 /表示 PEG聚合物中的自重复单元。各种分子量的 起始 PEG化合物可以通过本领域中的已知方法制备或者可以从商业来源得到。 在本发明的优选实施方案中, 所述雷公藤提取物包含但不限于: 雷公藤甲素 (triptolide)、 雷公藤乙素 (tripdiolide)、 雷公藤酮 (triptonide)、 山海棠素甲醚 (hypolide methyl ether) 雷公藤酮内酯 (triptonolide)、 雷公藤氯内酯醇 (tripcheorolide) 、 雷藤内 酯三醇 (triptriolide) 、 雷公藤素 (wilforonide) 、 雷公藤碱 (tripterygine)、 雷公藤定碱 (wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱 (wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱 (wilforine)、雷公藤春碱 (wilfortrine)、 雷公藤辛碱 (wilforzine)、 雷公藤酸 (wilfordic acid), 羟基雷公藤酸 (hydroxy wilfordic acid) 、 雷公藤红 (tripterin或 celustrol)、 雷公藤多甙等。 它们的化学结构如下所示:
Figure imgf000008_0001
雷公藤甲素 (triptolide)
Figure imgf000008_0002
雷公藤乙素 (tripdiolide) 这些结构中都包含有羟基, 可以通过酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺酯基等方式与已经过 端基改性的聚合物结合, 以达到 药物分子的有效保护和合理利用。 特别的, 酯基在 生物体中可以通过生物降解的方式释放出药物活性成分。 本发明的亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物结合物可以以纯化合物形式或适宜的药物 组合物进行给药, 还可采用任何可接受的给药方式或用于类似用途的试剂进行。因此, 本发明的另一个方面是提供包含所述结合物的药物组合物。 采用的给药方式可选择通过口、 鼻内、 直肠、 透皮或注射给药方式, 其形式为 固体、 半固体、 冻干粉或液体药剂形式给药, 例如, 片剂、 栓剂、 丸剂、 软和硬明胶 胶囊剂、 散剂、 溶液剂、 混悬剂或气雾剂等, 优选采用适用于精确剂量的简单给药的 单元剂量形式。 组合物可包含常规药用载体或赋形剂和作为活性成分 (一种或多种) 的本发明的结合物, 此外, 还可包含其它药剂、 载体、 辅剂等。 通常, 根据所需给药方式, 药学上可接受的组合物将包含约 1至约 99 重量%的 本发明结合物、 以及 99至 1 重量%的适宜的药用赋形剂。 优选组合物包含约 5至 75 重量%的本发明结合物, 其余为适宜的药用赋形剂。 优选的给药途径是注射给药, 采用常规日剂量方案, 该方案可根据疾病的严重程 度进行调整。 本发明的结合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可配制成注射用剂, 例如使用 约 0.5至约 50 %的活性成分分散于可采用液体形式给药的药用辅剂中, 实例为水、 盐 水、 含水葡萄糖、 甘油、 乙醇等, 从而形成溶液剂或混悬剂。 可采用液体形式给药的药物组合物例如可通过溶解、分散等手段将本发明的结合 物 (约 0.5至约 20 % ) 和选择性存在的药用辅剂溶解、 分散于载体中, 载体的实例为 水、 盐水、 含水葡萄糖、 甘油、 乙醇等, 从而形成溶液剂或混悬剂。 如果需要的话, 本发明的药物组合物还可包含少量的辅助物质, 如润湿剂或乳化 剂、 pH 缓冲剂、 抗氧化剂等, 例如: 柠檬酸、 脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、 三乙醇胺油 酸酯、 丁基化羟基甲苯等。 该类剂型的实际制备方法是本领域的技术人员公知的或者显而易见的, 例如可 参见 Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 第 18版, (Mack Publishing Company, Easton. Pennsylvania, 1990)。 无论如何, 按照本发明的技术, 所使用的组合物将含有治疗有效 量的本发明结合物, 以用于治疗相应的疾病。 实施例 下面结合实例描述本发明的结合物及其制备方法, 它不限制本发明, 本发明的范 围由权利要求限定。 酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇 -雷公藤甲素 (1)的合成
Figure imgf000010_0001
100毫克雷公藤甲素, 1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸 (Mw5000), 36毫克 4-二甲基 氨基吡啶溶于 15毫升无水二氯甲烷中, 再添加 80毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。 溶液室温 过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,溶液浓缩,残余物添加 15毫升异丙醇和 30毫升乙醚, 过滤洗涤, 产物真空干燥。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸酯 (1)。 产率: 0.9 克。 熔点: 55— 57°C。
实施例 2: 酯基键合的聚乙二醇 -雷公藤甲素 (2)的合成
Figure imgf000011_0001
100毫克雷公藤甲素, 1.0克聚乙二醇二乙酸 (MwlOOOO), 36毫克 4-二甲基氨基 吡啶溶于 15毫升无水二氯甲垸中, 再添加 80毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。 溶液室温过夜 搅拌反应。 过滤除去沉淀, 溶液浓缩, 残余物添加 15毫升异丙醇和 30毫升乙醚, 过 滤洗涤, 产物真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素 -14-聚乙二醇乙酸二酯 (2)。产率: 0.9克。熔点- 57_59°C。
实施例 3: 酯基键合的聚乙二醇多羧基寡肽 -雷公藤甲素 (3)的合成
Figure imgf000012_0001
1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽 (Mwl0500), 150毫克雷公藤甲素, 60毫克 4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于 15毫升无水二氯甲垸中, 再添加 120毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。 溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。 过滤除去沉淀, 溶液浓缩, 残余物添加 15毫升异丙醇 和 30毫升乙醚, 过滤洗涤, 产物真空千燥。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸 三肽酯 (3)。 产率: 0.85克。 熔点: 58_60°C。
实施例 4: 酯基键合的甘氨酸 -雷公藤甲素结合物 (4)的合成
Figure imgf000013_0001
(4)
200毫克 t-boc-甘氨酸 (t-Boc-Gly-OH), 300毫克雷公藤甲素, 120毫克 4-二甲 基氨基吡啶溶于 30毫升无水二氯甲垸中, 再添加 250毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。 溶液 室温过夜搅拌反应。 过滤除去沉淀, 有机相用 0.5M的 pH5.7的醋酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤 2次, 再用无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩得白色片状固体。 再加入 8毫升二氯甲烷溶解, 加 入 6毫升三氟乙酸水解 30分钟。 减压浓缩, 加 20毫升二氯甲垸, 0.5M的 pH5.7的 醋酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤 2次, 再用无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩得白色片状固体, 真空千燥。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甘氨酸酯 (4)。产率: 280毫克。 H NMR (CDC13): 5.08 (d, 14-CH), 3.54 (d, 12-CH), 0.96 (d, 17-CH3), 0.85(d, 16-C¾)。 实施例 5 : 酯基键合的甘氨酸连接基团的聚乙二醇多羧基寡肽
和雷公藤甲素结合物 (5)的合成
Figure imgf000014_0001
O O
DCC/DMAP
H
mPEG -X- -NH— CH—— C +N' CH,—— C一 D
(C IHR j
C=0
NH O
CH,—— C一 D
(5)
1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽(Mwl0500), 170毫克雷公藤甲素甘氨酸酯 (4) (实施例 4), 10毫克 4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于 20毫升无水二氯甲垸中, 再添加 120毫克 二环己基碳二亚胺。 溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。 过滤除去沉淀, 溶液浓缩, 残余物添加 15毫升异丙醇和 30毫升乙醚, 过滤洗涤, 产物真空干燥。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基 聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽-甘氨酸酯 (5)。 产率: 0.95克。 熔点: 60— 62°C。 实施例 6: 碳酸酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇-雷公藤甲素 (6)的合成
ci3c-o— c-o-cci3
o II
mPEG-0-CH2-CH2-OH ^ mPEG-0-CH2-CH2-0-C-Cl
Figure imgf000015_0001
(6)
1克甲氧基聚乙二醇 (分子量 5000) 和 200毫克固体光气溶于 15毫升无水乙腈 中, 滴加 0.5毫升无水吡啶。 在氮气保护下搅拌 2小时, 旋转蒸发除去多余溶剂, 残 余固体添加 40毫升乙醚,沉淀物过滤,真空干燥。再加入 10毫升无水二氯甲烷溶解。 加入 100毫克雷公藤甲素, 0.2克 4-二甲基氨基吡啶。氮气保护下搅拌 6小时, 过滤, 多余溶剂通过旋转蒸发除去, 残余物添加 15毫升异丙醇和 30毫升乙醚。 产物过滤收 集, 真空千燥。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇碳酸酯 (6)。 产率: 0.85克 (77% ), 熔点: 57— 59°C。 实施例 7: 酰胺酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇 -雷公藤甲素 (7)的合成
0
II
CI3C-O-C-O-CCI3 mPEG-0-CH2-CH2-NH2 ^ mPEG-0-CH2-CH2-N=C=0
Figure imgf000016_0001
2克甲氧基聚乙二醇乙氨(mPEG-NH2分子量 5000)和 400毫克固体光气溶于 30 毫升无水乙腈中, 滴加 1毫升无水吡啶。 在氮气保护下搅拌 2小时, 旋转蒸发除去多 余溶剂, 残余固体添加 40毫升乙醚, 沉淀物过滤, 真空干燥。 产率: 1.9 克 (95%)。 NMR (DMSO): 3.5 (br m,PEG中的氢), 3.24 (s, 3个氢) , 3.18 (t, 2个氢)。
1克由上一步合成的聚乙二醇衍生物 (mPEG-N=C=0), 100毫克雷公藤甲素, 和 0.2克 4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于 40毫升无水乙腈中。 添加 0.5毫升新蒸三乙胺。在室温 下氮气保护, 过夜搅拌, 多余溶剂通过旋转蒸发除去, 残余物添加 100毫升异丙醇。 产物过滤收集, 真空干燥。 产率: 0.95 克 (91% )。 得雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二 醇酰胺酯 (7)。 熔点: 58— 60°C。 熔点: 57— 59°C。 实施例 8: 本发明的结合物的冻干粉针剂的制备 本实施例说明代表性非胃肠道给药的药物组合物的制备过程,所述组合物包含本 发明的结合物。 成分
实施例 5的结合物 2克
0.9%盐水溶液 至 100毫升 将实施例 5的结合物溶解于 0.9%盐水溶液, 得到 100毫升的静脉注射用溶液, 将 其通过 0.2μιη的膜过滤材料过滤, 在无菌条件下冷冻、干燥、包装, 得到冻干粉针剂。

Claims

权利要求
1、 通式 (I)的亲水性聚合物一雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
P-( ~ L-D )
、 ' n
(I)
其中-
P为水溶性聚合物, 选自由聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚氨基酸、 聚丙烯 吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组; n是一整数, 最大不超过 P上的端基活性官能团数;
L 为连接基团, 选自由酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 胺基、 氨基 酸酯基、 氨基酸酰胺酯组成的组; 以及
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的亲水性聚合物为聚乙二醇, 所述的聚 乙二醇为直链聚乙二醇、 支链聚乙二醇或者 Y形分支、 U形分支, 星形或多叉分支的 聚乙二醇。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的结合物, 其中所述聚乙二醇的分子量在 150— 60,000之间。
4、 如权利要求 1至 3之一所述的结合物, 其中, 所述雷公藤提取物或其衍生物选自 由雷公藤甲素、 雷公藤乙素、 雷公藤酮、 山海棠素甲醚、 雷公藤酮内酯、 雷公藤氯内 酯醇、 雷藤内酯三醇、 雷公藤素、 雷公藤碱、 雷公藤定碱、 雷公藤精碱、 雷公藤灵碱、 雷公藤春碱、 雷公藤辛碱、 雷公藤酸、 羟基雷公藤酸、 雷公藤红、 雷公藤多甙, 以及 它们的衍生物所组成的组。
5、 如权利要求 4的结合物, 其中, 所述的结合物具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中, 所述的 L为连接基团, 选自由酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 氨基酸酯基- 氨基酸酰胺酯组成的组。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的结合物选自由:
雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸酯 (1);
雷公藤甲素 -14-聚乙二醇乙酸二酯 (2);
雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇碳酸酯 (6); 和
雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇酰胺酯 (7)
组成的组。
7、 通式 (II)表示的亲水性聚合物一多羧基寡肽一雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物-
Figure imgf000019_0002
(Π)
其中:
Ρ是亲水性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、 聚丙二醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚氨基酸、 聚丙烯吗 啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组; m是 2— 12的整数; j为 1一 6的整数;
Ri为选自由11、 d- 12垸基、 取代芳基、 芳垸基、 杂垸基、 和取代垸基组成的组的 基团;
X是连接基团, 选自由 0(CH2)*CO、 0(CH2) kOCO, 0(CH2) *NHCO、 NR (CH2) fcOCO、 NR(CH2) fcNHCO、 NR(CH2) fcCO组成的组, 其中 A;为 1 _6的整数;
Z是连接基团, 选自由酯基、 碳酸酯基、 酰胺基、 酰胺酯基、 醚基、 胺基、 氨基 酸酯基、 氨基酸酰胺基组成的组;
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的亲水性聚合物为聚乙二醇, 所述的聚 乙二醇为直链聚乙二醇、 支链聚乙二醇或者 Y形分支、 U形分支、 星形或多叉分支 的聚乙二醇。
9、如权利要求 8所述的结合物,其中,所述的聚乙二醇的分子量在 150— 60,000之间。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的连接基团 Z中的氨基酸为甘氨酸。
11、 如权利要求 7至 10之一所述的结合物, 其中, 所述雷公藤提取物或其衍生物选 自由雷公藤甲素、 雷公藤乙素、 雷公藤酮、 山海棠素甲醚、 雷公藤酮内酯、 雷公藤氯 内酯醇、 雷藤内酯三醇、 雷公藤素、 雷公藤碱、 雷公藤定碱、 雷公藤精碱、 雷公藤灵 碱、雷公藤春碱、雷公藤辛碱、 雷公藤酸、羟基雷公藤酸、 雷公藤红、雷公藤多甙, 以 及它们的衍生物所组成的组。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的雷公藤提取物是雷公藤甲素。
13、 如权利要求 7所述的结合物, 其中, 所述的结合物为
雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽酯 (3); 或者
雷公藤甲素 -14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽-甘氨酸酯 (5)。
14、含有如权利要求 1-6或者 7-13的结合物以及药物学可接受的载体或赋形剂药物组 合物。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的药物组合物, 其中, 所述的药物组合物为通过口、 鼻内、 直肠、 透皮或注射方式进行给药的药物组合物。
16、 如权利要求 14所述的药物组合物, 其中, 所述的药物组合物为片剂、 栓剂、 丸 剂、 软或硬明胶胶囊剂、 散剂、 溶液剂、 混悬剂或气雾剂。
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