WO2005084845A1 - Article compose d'un tube en alliage de magnesium - Google Patents

Article compose d'un tube en alliage de magnesium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005084845A1
WO2005084845A1 PCT/IL2005/000246 IL2005000246W WO2005084845A1 WO 2005084845 A1 WO2005084845 A1 WO 2005084845A1 IL 2005000246 W IL2005000246 W IL 2005000246W WO 2005084845 A1 WO2005084845 A1 WO 2005084845A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
extrusion
temperature
predetermined
sec
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2005/000246
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eli Spinat
Stefan Jaeger
Adi Ben-Artzy
Original Assignee
Magtech-Magnesium Technologies Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magtech-Magnesium Technologies Ltd. filed Critical Magtech-Magnesium Technologies Ltd.
Priority to US10/591,125 priority Critical patent/US20070181235A1/en
Priority to DE112005000491T priority patent/DE112005000491T5/de
Publication of WO2005084845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005084845A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes for extrusion of tubes from metal alloys and structures formed by such processes, in particular to extrusion, using magnesium alloys.
  • Metal profiles and tubes are often produced using extrusion.
  • a round metal block called a "billet” is introduced into a heated container, having a ram at one end and a die at the other.
  • the ram is used to apply a pressure; on the billet in the direction of the die.
  • the billet is forced through an aperture in " the die, and the metal undergoes a deformation into an extruded body, having a cross- section in the shape of the aperture. This is referred to as direct extrusion.
  • the die is moved toward the billet. Trie billet therefore is stationary with respect to the container, eliminating friction there and reducing the pressure needed for extrusion.
  • IHPF internal high pressure forming
  • IHPF utilizes fluid pressure to form the part into the desired shape of a mold. Using this process, components that would otherwise be manufactured as several pieces and then joined together can be manufactured as one. This reduces the mass of the component and maintains its stifmess, due to the elimination of spot-welded joints.
  • Other advantages of using IHPF include weight reduction through more efficient section design of the component and tailoring of its wall thickness, improved structural strength, lower tooling cost due to fewer parts, fewer secondary operations such as welding of sections, tighter dimensional tolerances, and fewer parts required for final assembly.
  • IHPF is used to manufacture steel and aluminium parts.
  • the present invention is directed toward adaptation of internal high pressure forming to magnesium, for use, in particular, in reducing a vehicle's weight and to thereby increase fuel economy and reduce emissions.
  • an article made of a magnesium alloy tube the article having a grain size of between lO ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m and being manufactured by internal high pressure forming.
  • the temperature of the internal high pressure forming is between 200°C and 605°C.
  • the tube is manufactured by extrusion, wherein the extrusion temperature is between 300°C and 605°C, the extrusion speed is substantially between 5 mm/sec and 45 mm/sec, and the extrusion reduction ratio is substantially between 10:1 and 50:1.
  • the tube may be annealed for 6 hours at 300°C.
  • a process for forming a hollow tube by extrusion of a billet made from a magnesium alloy comprising the steps of heating the billet to a predetermined temperature within a temperature range, extruding the billet using an indirect extrusion process, wherein the temperature is within a range of 300°C to 605°C, the extrusion speed is substantially in the range between 5 mm/sec and 45 mm/sec, and the extrusion reduction ratio is substantially in the range between 10:1 and 50:1.
  • a process for internal high pressure forming using tubes obtained according to the above- described process.
  • the process comprises the steps of cooling the tube in a predetermined temperature for a predetermined amount of time, sealing the tube from both ends, introducing a pressure medium into the tube, positioning the tube in a mold having a guiding zone and an expansion zone, wherein the temperature of the expansion zone is between 200°C and 605°C, and applying an axial compression force on the tube, the result being that the portion of the tube that is within the expansion zone expands to fill the zone and adopt thereby its shape.
  • the tube is then cooled for a predetermined period of time at a predetermined temperature.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial cut-away view of a typical extrusion press which may be used with an extrusion process of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of a typical setup for a tooling which may be used in internal high pressure forming
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration the setup of Fig. 2, wherein a tube is undergoing internal high pressure forming.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an extrusion press 10 comprising a container 12 adapted to receive a magnesium billet 14, a ram 16, a die 18, and a floating mandrel (not seen in Fig. 1).
  • the die 18 comprises an aperture 19 of a predetermined shape.
  • the magnesium billet 14 is heated so that its temperature is within a range of 300°C to 605°C.
  • the heated billet 14 is positioned in the container 12, and the die 18 is moved toward the billet 14, exerting a pressure which forces the billet 14 to deform, becoming an extrusion 20 which has a circumference similar to the aperture 19.
  • the extrusion press 10 is adapted to maintain the billet 14 at the predetermined temperature during extrusion.
  • the die 18 is moved at an extrusion rate substantially between 5 mm/sec and 45 mm/sec.
  • the mandrel is positioned so that it forms a hollow 21 in the extrusion 20 and determines the size and shape of the hollow.
  • the space between the die 18 and the mandrel determines the cross-sectional area of the extrusion 20.
  • the extrusion reduction ratio is substantially between 10:1 and 50:1.
  • the billet 14 used for the extrusion may be an undrilled billet, or a predrilled billet having a hollow center.
  • the magnesium used in this process may be any commercially available magnesium alloy, such as AM60, AS41, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AZ91, ZE41, or ZM21. Alternatively, it may be a custom-made alloy.
  • the magnesium used with the process of the present invention is either the AZ31 or ZM21 alloy.
  • the chemical composition of the magnesium alloy used in the process according to the present invention is 2.856% Al, 1.022% Zn, 0.329% Mn, 0.004% Fe, 0.038% Si, 0.001% Cu, and 0.001%) Ni.
  • a continuous casting system was used with a flat die of 42 mm, a mandrel of 38 mm and a container of 110 mm.
  • the magnesium billet was 155 mm in length, 107 mm in diameter and was predrilled with a hole diameter of 38 mm (need to confirm pre-drilled).
  • the extrusion rate was 1.6 mm/sec, with a billet and container heated to 320°C.
  • the extrusion reduction ratio was about 30:1 with an overall force of 4.45 MN.
  • the magnesium tube obtained using the above-described process had mechanical properties which provide the strength and durability to withstand, without failure, plastic deformations inherent in further production involving the tube. Specifically, it had a yield strength of 195 N/mm , an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 255 N/mm , and a 14% elongation at fracture.
  • One process for which the magnesium tube obtained as described above may be used is internal high pressure forming. With reference to Fig. 2, this is accomplished with the aid of a specialized tooling 22.
  • the tooling 22 comprises a clamping unit 25 disposed on each side of the tube 23 and a forming unit 27 surrounding it.
  • the clamping unit 25 comprises crossheads 24, hydraulic cylinders 26, sealing punches 28, and appropriate heating and cooling means.
  • the sealing punches 28 are adapted to seal the ends of the tube during forming, and at least one comprises an opening 42 adapted to introduce a pressure medium from a pressure source (not shown) into the tube.
  • the forming unit 27 comprises body material 30, dies 32 which form an expansion zone 36, inserts 34 which form guiding zones 38, and appropriate heating and cooling means. Referring to Fig. 3, the tube 23 is deformed within the tooling 22. When the tube 23 is retained in the tooling, its ends are sealed, and a pressure medium is introduced at a forming pressure therein through the opening 42.
  • a high pressure is applied to the medium, and an axial compression force (indicated by arrows 44) is applied to the tube 23.
  • the expansion zone 36 is maintained at a temperature, substantially in the range of 200°C to 605°C, to permit the necessary circumferential strain for forming.
  • a lower temperature is maintained, for example, in the range of 100°C to 200°C. This is to ensure that the flow stress of the portion of the tube 23 in the guiding zone 38 is sufficient to transfer the axial force to the portion of the tune in the expansion zone 36. (For example, depending on the alloy used, in the temperature range of about 350°C to 400°C, the flow stress can decrease to 40 N/mm 2 .
  • the tube 23 deforms in the expansion zone 36, and forms a bulge 40 which takes the shape of the die 32.
  • the forming pressure is determined based on the magnesium alloy used to manufacture the tube, the thickness thereof, the specific geometry of the part to be fonned, and the temperature used for forming. A smaller radius and a lower temperature require a higher forming pressure. In addition, a thicker wall requires a higher forming pressure.
  • the pressure medium is a fluid, being either a gas or a heat resistant fluid.
  • it is a gas which does not react with any other material it will come in contact with during the course of IHPF. It is preferably recoverable for subsequent use. Specifically, nitrogen or one of the noble gasses is used.
  • a gas has several advantages over using a liquid, in that gasses may be heated to high temperatures as described with respect to the processes herein without undergoing decomposition.
  • the formability of the magnesium tube during IHPF is partially influenced by the strain rate of the material. This influence increases with higher temperatures. Depending on process time and necessary formability, the strain rate may vary between 2 ⁇ 10 _1 sec -1 and 1 x 10 _4 sec _1 . Previous heat treatment may also influence the initial structure of the magnesium tube.
  • the tubes may be annealed at temperatures that are substantially between 200°C and 600°C.
  • the annealing temperature is between 250°C and 300°C.
  • a uniform, fine-grained structure may be observed in the tube.
  • a grain size between lO ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m can be realized.
  • This fine-grained structure leads to an improved formability, especially at low strain rates (smaller then 2 ⁇ l 0 _1 sec _1 ).
  • the process described herein, and more specifically, the steps which involve IHPF may additionally be followed by subsequent IHPF operations in order to further deform or provide additional structural modifications to the tube. According to one example, the following conditions are used for IHPF.
  • the magnesium tube is annealed at 300°C for 6 hours. This annealing time leads to a uniform, fine-grained structure.
  • the magnesium tubes are preheated to a forming temperature of 350°C.
  • the expansion zone is kept at a temperature of 350°C, and the guided zone is kept at a temperature of 250°C.
  • the total elongation allowed is near a peak of about 35%.
  • An axial force is applied by the hydraulic cylinders, which causes a compressive stress condition in the wall of the tube.
  • nitrogen gas is used as the pressure medium.
  • the pressure vs. time path ensures a constant strain rate over the process time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un article composé d'un tube en alliage de magnésium (23), lequel article présente une granulométrie comprise entre 10νm et 50νm et est fabriqué par formage à haute pression interne. A température du formage à haute pression interne est comprise entre 200 °C et 605 °C. Le tube (23) est fabriqué par extrusion. Selon cette invention, la température d'extrusion est comprise entre 300 °C et 605 °C, la vitesse d'extrusion est substantiellement comprise entre 5mm/sec et 45mm/sec et le rapport extrusion-réduction est substantiellement compris entre 10:1 et 50:1. Ce tube (23) peut être recuit pendant 6 heures à 300 °C.
PCT/IL2005/000246 2004-03-02 2005-03-02 Article compose d'un tube en alliage de magnesium WO2005084845A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/591,125 US20070181235A1 (en) 2005-03-02 2005-03-02 Article made of a magnesium alloy tube
DE112005000491T DE112005000491T5 (de) 2004-03-02 2005-03-02 Ein Verfahren zur Extrusion von Rohren aus Metallegierungs-Knüppeln

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54886504P 2004-03-02 2004-03-02
US60/548,865 2004-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005084845A1 true WO2005084845A1 (fr) 2005-09-15

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ID=34919411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2005/000246 WO2005084845A1 (fr) 2004-03-02 2005-03-02 Article compose d'un tube en alliage de magnesium

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112005000491T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005084845A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1941953A1 (fr) * 2006-10-09 2008-07-09 Neuman Aluminium Fliesspresswerk GmbH Procédé et outil destiné à l'extrusion d'alliages corroyés de magnésium
JP2016040049A (ja) * 2014-08-11 2016-03-24 株式会社ゴーシュー マグネシウム基合金管及びその製造方法
CN112371745A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-19 河北海航管道制造有限公司 斜三通胚体挤压成型系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017127158A1 (de) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 HoDforming GmbH Verfahren zum Umformen eines Blechrohlings, z. B. einer Platine oder eines Hohlkörperrohlings als Werkstück in einem Umformwerkzeug

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1227255A (fr) * 1967-09-11 1971-04-07
GB1331101A (en) * 1970-12-01 1973-09-19 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for forming hollow metal articles
JPH0732076A (ja) * 1993-07-19 1995-02-03 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd 車体構造用筒状部材の製造方法
EP0815985A1 (fr) * 1996-06-21 1998-01-07 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour le formage à chaud d'éléments tubulaires en forme de caisson de forme quelconque en alliage léger
EP0930109A2 (fr) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-21 GKN Sankey Limited Un procédé d' hydroformage
JP2001200349A (ja) * 2000-01-18 2001-07-24 Nisshin Manufacturing Kk Ｍｇ−Ａｌ系合金の熱間仕上圧延方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1227255A (fr) * 1967-09-11 1971-04-07
GB1331101A (en) * 1970-12-01 1973-09-19 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for forming hollow metal articles
JPH0732076A (ja) * 1993-07-19 1995-02-03 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd 車体構造用筒状部材の製造方法
EP0815985A1 (fr) * 1996-06-21 1998-01-07 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif pour le formage à chaud d'éléments tubulaires en forme de caisson de forme quelconque en alliage léger
EP0930109A2 (fr) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-21 GKN Sankey Limited Un procédé d' hydroformage
JP2001200349A (ja) * 2000-01-18 2001-07-24 Nisshin Manufacturing Kk Ｍｇ−Ａｌ系合金の熱間仕上圧延方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 05 30 June 1995 (1995-06-30) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 24 11 May 2001 (2001-05-11) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1941953A1 (fr) * 2006-10-09 2008-07-09 Neuman Aluminium Fliesspresswerk GmbH Procédé et outil destiné à l'extrusion d'alliages corroyés de magnésium
JP2016040049A (ja) * 2014-08-11 2016-03-24 株式会社ゴーシュー マグネシウム基合金管及びその製造方法
CN112371745A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-19 河北海航管道制造有限公司 斜三通胚体挤压成型系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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