WO2005078516A1 - 液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005078516A1 WO2005078516A1 PCT/JP2005/001758 JP2005001758W WO2005078516A1 WO 2005078516 A1 WO2005078516 A1 WO 2005078516A1 JP 2005001758 W JP2005001758 W JP 2005001758W WO 2005078516 A1 WO2005078516 A1 WO 2005078516A1
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- liquid crystal
- layer
- retardation
- crystal display
- display device
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
- G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode liquid crystal display device capable of realizing a wide viewing angle and a high-speed response.
- OCB Optically Compensated Bend
- Liquid crystal display devices have various features such as thinness, light weight, and low power consumption, and are applied to various applications such as office automation equipment, information terminals, watches, and televisions.
- a liquid crystal display device having a thin film transistor hereinafter, referred to as a TFT
- TFT thin film transistor
- an OCB Optically Compensated Birefringence
- VAN Very Aligned Nematic
- HAN Hybrid Aligned Nematic
- SSFLC surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal
- AFLC anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal
- an OCB mode liquid crystal display device has attracted attention as a liquid crystal display device capable of improving the viewing angle and the response speed.
- a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules capable of bend alignment is sandwiched between a pair of substrates.
- This OCB mode liquid crystal display device has an order of magnitude improvement in response speed as compared with the TN mode, and can optically self-compensate for the effect of birefringence of light passing through the liquid crystal layer depending on the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules. There is an advantage.
- liquid crystal molecules having a bend arrangement between two polarizing plates arranged such that their absorption axes (or transmission axes) are orthogonal to each other.
- a strong bend liquid crystal layer is disposed, and is configured using two discotic liquid crystal layers and two biaxial retardation plates to compensate for viewing angle characteristics during black display.
- the bend liquid crystal layer is a biaxial refractive index anisotropic substance (nz>nx> ny) as a whole. Therefore, the bend liquid crystal layer has a positive phase difference in its normal direction and also has a phase difference in its in-plane direction.
- the phase difference in the normal direction is compensated mainly by using a discotic liquid crystal layer and a biaxial retardation plate.
- the residual retardation in the in-plane orientation is mainly compensated for by using a discotic liquid crystal layer.
- the phase difference caused by these liquid crystals has large wavelength dispersion.
- biaxial retarders for compensating for retardation in the normal direction have larger wavelength dispersion as retarders that include liquid crystal molecules, which are often formed by stretched films.
- the discotic liquid crystal layer for compensating the in-plane azimuth phase difference has a large wavelength dispersion like the bend liquid crystal layer, and the in-plane direction of the bend liquid crystal layer is within a visible wavelength range.
- the phase difference in the azimuth can be substantially compensated. For this reason, the contrast characteristics and color reproducibility in the normal direction of the screen are good.
- the positive dichroism of the polarizing plate can be compensated for by using a biaxial retardation plate having a slow axis in an azimuth orthogonal to the dichroism azimuth.
- the dichroism of the polarizing plate has a wavelength dispersion of a polarity opposite to the wavelength dispersion of the bend liquid crystal layer (for example, the wavelength dispersion of the bend liquid crystal layer has a phase difference as the wavelength becomes shorter. Is large, whereas the wavelength dispersion of the polarizing plate is such that the longer the wavelength, the larger the phase difference.)
- the biaxial retarder has small wavelength dispersion.
- the discotic liquid crystal layer and the biaxial retardation plate have a problem that the manufacturing cost is high and the cost of the entire liquid crystal display device is increased. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element which is excellent in viewing angle characteristics and display quality, capable of reducing costs, and capable of reducing costs. is there.
- the liquid crystal display device includes: Dot matrix type liquid crystal panel with a nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates
- a liquid crystal display element disposed between a first polarizing layer and a second polarizing layer.
- a voltage is applied to a pixel to V, the state changes, and liquid crystal molecules near an interface of the liquid crystal layer are formed by a substrate method.
- the liquid crystal molecules that are inclined with respect to the line direction and that are in the vicinity of each substrate form a splay or bend-like molecular arrangement in which the in-plane directions inclined in the substrate plane are substantially the same.
- a bend-mode liquid crystal display device that controls the brightness of a display by modulating a phase difference of a liquid crystal layer by controlling a tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules by applying a pressure and controlling a tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules,
- a first retardation layer that produces a phase difference in the in-plane orientation is arranged such that its slow axis is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer,
- the second retardation layer which produces a phase difference in the in-plane direction between the second polarizing layer and the first retardation layer, has an axis whose slow axis is orthogonal to the in-plane direction in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt.
- a third retardation layer having an optical axis in a normal direction of the liquid crystal display element and having a negative uniaxial function as a whole layer is provided between the second polarizing layer and the first retardation layer. It is characterized by being arranged.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an OCB type liquid crystal display device as one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an optical compensation element applied to an OCB type liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a relationship between an optical axis direction and a liquid crystal alignment direction of each optical member constituting the optical compensation element shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a phase difference in a bend liquid crystal layer in a state where an image can be displayed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a phase difference generated in the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a phase difference generated in a third phase difference layer.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining wavelength dispersion of transmittance of light transmitted through a cross-col polarizer.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the principle of compensation for positive dichroism in a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the principle of compensation for positive dichroism in a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the wavelength dispersion of the transmittance of light transmitted through the optically compensated polarizing layer and the retardation layer.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an OCB type liquid crystal display device according to an example.
- FIG. 12 is a chromaticity diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependence during black display by the OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to the example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the viewing angle dependence of the contrast by the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the example.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing measurement results of luminance at eight angles by the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the example, with respect to the horizontal and vertical angles of the image.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the brightness at eight angles by the OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to the example, with respect to the vertical and horizontal angles of the image.
- liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- a liquid crystal display device of a birefringence mode particularly, a liquid crystal display device of an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode will be described as an example.
- OCB Optically Compensated Bend
- the OCB type liquid crystal display device is a dot matrix type liquid crystal display configured by holding a liquid crystal layer (nematic liquid crystal layer) 30 between a pair of substrates, ie, an array substrate 10 and a counter substrate 20.
- LCD panel 1 The liquid crystal panel 1 is, for example, of a transmissive type, and is configured to transmit backlight light from a backlight unit (not shown) arranged on the array substrate 10 side to the counter substrate 20 side.
- the array substrate 10 is formed using an insulating substrate 11 made of glass or the like.
- the array substrate 10 includes a switching element 12, a pixel electrode 13, an alignment film 14, and the like on one main surface of an insulating substrate 11.
- the switching element 12 is a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or MI It is composed of M (Metal Insulated Metal), TFT (Thin Film Diode), etc.
- the pixel electrode 13 is arranged for each pixel in a matrix and is electrically connected to the switching element 12.
- the pixel electrode 13 is formed of a light-transmissive conductive member such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide).
- the alignment film 14 is disposed so as to cover the entire main surface of the insulating substrate 11.
- the counter substrate 20 is formed using an insulating substrate 21 such as glass.
- the counter substrate 20 includes a counter electrode 22, an alignment film 23, and the like on one main surface of an insulating substrate 21.
- the counter electrode 22 is formed of a light-transmissive conductive member such as ITO or IZO.
- the alignment film 23 is disposed so as to cover the entire main surface of the insulating substrate 21.
- the liquid crystal panel 1 has a plurality of color pixels, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color pixels. That is, a red pixel has a red color filter that transmits red wavelength light, a green pixel has a green color filter that transmits green wavelength light, and a blue pixel has a blue color filter that transmits blue wavelength light. ing. These color filters are arranged on the main surface of the array substrate 10 or the counter substrate 20.
- the array substrate 10 and the opposing substrate 20 having the above-described configuration are adhered to each other via a spacer (not shown) while maintaining a predetermined gap therebetween.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 is sealed in the gap between the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20.
- a material having a positive dielectric anisotropy and an optically positive uniaxial property can be selected.
- Such a liquid crystal panel 1 is arranged between a pair of polarizing layers, that is, a first polarizing layer 51 and a second polarizing layer 52.
- the first polarizing layer 51 is disposed, for example, on the light incident side of the liquid crystal panel 1, that is, on the outer surface side of the array substrate 10.
- the second polarizing layer 52 is disposed, for example, on the light emission side of the liquid crystal panel 1, that is, on the outer surface side of the counter substrate 20.
- An optical compensation element 40 for optically compensating for the positive dichroism of the layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52 is provided.
- an optical element disposed between the first polarizing layer 51 and the liquid crystal panel 1 The compensating element 40A has a first retardation layer (A plate) 41.
- the optical compensator 40B disposed between the second polarizing layer 52 and the liquid crystal panel 1 has a second retardation layer (A plate) 42 and a third retardation layer (C plate) 43.
- the first retardation layer 41 may be disposed anywhere between the first polarization layer 51 and the liquid crystal layer 30.
- the second retardation layer 42 may be located anywhere between the second polarizing layer 52 and the first retardation layer 41.
- the third retardation layer 43 may be located anywhere between the second polarizing layer 52 and the first retardation layer 41.
- a plane parallel to the main surfaces of the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 is referred to as a substrate surface for convenience, and an orientation in the substrate surface is referred to as an in-plane orientation.
- the horizontal direction of the screen corresponds to the 0 ° direction indicated by arrow A in the figure
- the vertical direction of the screen corresponds to the 90 ° direction indicated by arrow B in the figure.
- the alignment films 14 and 23 are subjected to parallel alignment processing. That is, the alignment films 14 and 23 are both rubbed in the direction indicated by the arrow A in the figure. Thereby, the orthogonal projection of the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules 31 (the liquid crystal alignment direction) becomes parallel to the arrow B in the figure. That is, when no voltage is applied to the pixel, the liquid crystal molecules 31 are affected by the alignment films 14 and 23 in the vicinity of the interface of the liquid crystal layer 30 with respect to the normal direction of the substrate surface (the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer). They are arranged with an inclination, and the inclination force in the vicinity of the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 is substantially the same in the in-plane direction in the substrate plane, and is approximately 90 °.
- the liquid crystal molecules 31 are in a splay-like or bend-like molecular arrangement between the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. Further, in a state in which an image can be displayed, for example, in a state in which a predetermined bias is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 31 move within the cross section of the liquid crystal layer 30 defined by the arrow B in the array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. Between them, arrange them in a bend shape! /
- the first polarizing layer 51 is arranged so that its optical axis (that is, the transmission axis or the absorption axis) faces the 135 ° azimuth indicated by the arrow C in the figure.
- the second polarizing layer 52 is arranged such that its optical axis (transmission axis or absorption axis) faces the 45 ° azimuth indicated by arrow D in the figure. That is, the optical axis of each of the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52 forms an angle of 45 ° with the liquid crystal alignment direction B, and the forces are orthogonal to each other.
- a voltage is applied to the pixel to bend the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 31.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 By controlling the liquid crystal layer 30 by controlling the liquid crystal layer 30 by controlling the molecular arrangement, the brightness of the display is controlled.
- the bend liquid crystal layer 30 is a biaxial refractive index anisotropic substance (nz> nx> ny) as shown in FIG. Therefore, the bend liquid crystal layer 30 has a positive retardation in its normal direction (z direction) and a retardation in its in-plane azimuth (XY plane).
- the X axis corresponds to the 0 ° azimuth
- the main refractive index in the X axis direction is nx
- the y axis corresponds to the 90 ° azimuth
- the main refractive index in the y axis direction is ny
- the z axis is the substrate surface.
- the principal refractive index in the z-axis direction is nz.
- a second phase difference layer 42 is provided.
- the second retardation layer 42 has a phase difference in the in-plane orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30 (for example, a state in which black is displayed by applying a high voltage; a dark display state) when a certain voltage is applied (for example, when the screen is dark). It has a phase difference function of canceling out (a phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 30 which affects when viewed from the front).
- the second retardation layer 42 is arranged such that the X axis corresponds to the 0 ° direction, the y axis corresponds to the 90 ° direction, and the z axis corresponds to the normal direction of the substrate surface. That is, the azimuth (0 ° azimuth) A of the optical axis (that is, the slow axis) of the second retardation layer 42 is the azimuth (90 ° azimuth) at which a phase difference is generated in the in-plane azimuth of the liquid crystal layer 30, that is, It is orthogonal to the liquid crystal alignment direction B. That is, the second retardation layer 42 has a phase difference in the azimuth A.
- the second retardation layer 42 having such a retardation can be formed of a liquid crystal polymer.
- the liquid crystal polymer also has, for example, a nematic liquid crystal polymer force.
- the molecular long axis of the liquid crystal polymer is set to the slow axis direction of the second retardation layer 42, that is, the 0 ° direction. It is formed by arranging liquid crystal polymer molecules so as to be substantially parallel.
- the wavelength dispersion of the second retardation layer 42 formed by using such liquid crystal molecules substantially coincides with the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal layer 30 having the same liquid crystal molecular force at least in the visible wavelength range. I do.
- the wavelength dispersion value of the phase difference in the second retardation layer 42 is a liquid crystal having a bend-like molecular array.
- the wavelength dispersion value of the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ nlc in the layer 30 is substantially the same. For this reason, when the screen is observed from the front direction, good contrast characteristics and good color reproducibility can be realized.
- the retardation value R2 of the second retardation layer 42 can be adjusted by controlling the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal polymer forming the retardation layer and the thickness of the retardation layer.
- the retardation value R2 of the second retardation layer 42 is the surface when a specific voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 30 having a bend-like molecular arrangement (for example, when a voltage for black display is applied). It is set substantially equal to the phase difference value R1 c in the inner direction. Strictly speaking, the polarities (positive or negative) of which the absolute values of the phase difference value R2 and the phase difference value Rlc are substantially equal are different. Therefore, in particular, the phase difference in the in-plane orientation of the liquid crystal layer 30 when a specific voltage is applied is cancelled, and good contrast characteristics can be realized.
- the retardation value R2 of the second retardation layer 42 is set to 100 nm or less at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the phase difference value R2 be 100 nm or less. Note that if the phase difference value R2 is too small, the driving voltage will increase as described above. However, since this depends on the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material, the lower limit of the phase difference value R2 is generally determined. Can not decide.
- a third retardation layer 43 is provided to optically compensate for the positive retardation in the normal direction (thickness direction) of the liquid crystal layer 30 as described above. That is, this third phase
- the difference layer 43 has an optical axis in its normal direction, and when a certain voltage is applied (for example, a state where a high voltage is applied to display black), the entire layer has an optical axis opposite to that of the liquid crystal molecules 31. It has a characteristic, that is, a negative uniaxial phase difference function.
- the third retardation layer 43 generates a phase difference that cancels the phase difference in the normal direction of the liquid crystal layer 30 (the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 30 that affects the screen when viewed from an oblique direction).
- the third retardation layer 43 is the sum of the retardations in the normal direction in the components other than the third retardation layer 43 disposed between the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52. R is almost zero at wavelength 550nm
- a phase difference is generated such that
- the third retardation layer 43 is arranged so that the x axis corresponds to the 0 ° direction, the y axis corresponds to the 90 ° direction, and the z axis corresponds to the normal direction of the substrate surface. . That is, the direction of the optical axis (that is, the slow axis) of the third retardation layer 43 is parallel to the normal direction of the liquid crystal layer 30. That is, the third retardation layer 43 has a retardation in the normal direction.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 cancels the retardation in the normal direction, and the liquid crystal layer 30 and the third retardation layer 43 are combined, so that the retardation amount becomes effectively zero.
- sufficient contrast can be obtained even when the screen is observed from an oblique direction. That is, the viewing angle characteristics of the contrast can be improved.
- the third retardation layer 43 having such a retardation can be formed of a liquid crystal polymer.
- the liquid crystal polymer also has, for example, a chiral nematic liquid crystal polymer or a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer.
- the helical axis of the liquid crystal polymer is substantially parallel to the normal direction (layer thickness direction) of the main surface of the third retardation layer 43, and the twist pitch of the liquid crystal polymer is P.
- the third retardation layer 43 may be formed of a discotic liquid crystal polymer. In this case, the third retardation layer 43 is oriented such that the molecular optical axis of the liquid crystal polymer is normal to the main surface of the third retardation layer 43. Formed by aligning liquid crystal polymer molecules so that they are approximately parallel to the direction
- the wavelength dispersion of the third retardation layer 43 formed by using such liquid crystal molecules substantially coincides with the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal layer 30 that also has liquid crystal molecular force at least in the visible wavelength range. I do. That is, the wavelength dispersion value of the phase difference in the third retardation layer 43 is substantially equal to the wavelength dispersion value of the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ nlc in the liquid crystal layer 30 having a bend-like molecular arrangement. More preferably, the wavelength dispersion value of the phase difference R3 of the third retardation layer 43 is a component other than the third retardation layer 43 disposed between the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52. Is approximately equal to the chromatic dispersion value of the sum R of the phase differences in the normal direction at. For this reason, the screen was observed from an oblique direction.
- the two optical compensation targets in the bend liquid crystal layer 30, that is, (1) the residual retardation in the in-plane orientation at the time of dark display, including the wavelength dispersibility by the second retardation layer 42.
- the third retardation layer 43 can compensate for the positive phase difference in the normal direction, including the wavelength dispersion.
- the remaining one optical compensation target, that is, (3) the positive dichroism in the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52 can be compensated for by the first retardation layer 41, including the wavelength dispersion.
- a generally applied polarizing plate has positive dichroism. That is, the polarizing plate only has an absorption axis in one direction.
- the transmittance of light that passes through the two polarizing plates when two such polarizing plates are combined and their absorption axes are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other in the plane of the substrate.
- the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, as shown by A in FIG. 7, the transmittance is set to approximately 0% in almost the entire visible region. be able to.
- the crossing angle between the absorption axes is not 90 ° (smaller than 90 ° or larger than 90 ° depending on the viewpoint). For this reason, some light passes through the two polarizers. When observed from almost the side (in a direction inclined by about 89 ° with respect to the normal to the substrate surface), the crossing angle between the absorption axes of the two becomes almost zero. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 7B, the transmittance of light passing through the two polarizers is different from that of the parallel polarizer. Almost equal. That is, linearly polarized light passes through the two polarizing plates. In addition, when observed from a direction inclined by 45 ° with respect to the normal to the substrate surface (45 ° viewing angle), as shown in C of FIG. It becomes. That is, light transmitted through the two polarizing plates becomes circularly polarized light.
- a retardation plate having a slow axis (having anisotropy) in the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate may be provided.
- This principle is as shown in FIG. That is, when viewed from the normal direction (front side direction) with respect to the substrate surface, the slow axis of the transmission axis and the phase difference plate of the polarizing plate that are orthogonal to each other (the crossing angle of axes 90 °) 0 Thus The phase of the linearly polarized light transmitted through one of the polarizing plates is not deviated, and the linearly polarized light is emitted.
- the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is The crossing angle of the retarder with the slow axis is 30 °.
- ⁇ 1, 2, 3,... That is, in the example shown here, the light transmitted through the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate becomes elliptically polarized light having ellipticity equivalent to ( ⁇ 4 ⁇ 60 °).
- a phase difference of ((90 ° —viewing angle) X nZm X ⁇ ) may be given to the elliptically polarized light.
- the above-mentioned elliptically polarized light becomes linearly polarized light by giving a phase difference of (30 ° X nZm X ⁇ ). That is, it is desirable that the retardation of the retardation plate for compensating for the dichroism of the polarizing plate has reverse wavelength dispersion.
- a retardation plate having reverse wavelength dispersion has a high manufacturing cost, since it is difficult to purify the material.
- a first retardation layer 41 that produces a phase difference in the in-plane azimuth between the first polarizing layer 51 and the liquid crystal layer 30 has a slow axis whose first axis is the first polarizing layer 51. Perpendicular to the absorption axis of Has been placed. That is, the first retardation layer 41 generates a retardation that compensates for positive dichroism in the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52.
- the absorption axis of the first polarizing layer 51 corresponds to the 135 ° azimuth in the substrate plane and the absorption axis of the second polarizing layer 52 corresponds to the 45 ° azimuth in the substrate plane.
- One retardation layer 41 is arranged such that the X-axis force corresponds to the 5 ° azimuth, the y-axis corresponds to the 135 ° azimuth, and the z-axis corresponds to the normal azimuth of the substrate surface.
- the direction (45 ° direction) of the slow axis of the first retardation layer 41 is orthogonal to the absorption axis direction (135 ° direction) of the first polarizing layer 51.
- the direction (45 ° direction) of the slow axis of the first retardation layer 41 is parallel to the transmission axis direction (45 ° direction) of the first polarizing layer 51.
- the first retardation layer 41 having such a retardation can be formed of a liquid crystal polymer, taking advantage of the feature of large wavelength dispersion.
- This liquid crystal polymer is composed of, for example, a nematic liquid crystal polymer.
- the first liquid crystal layer 41 is formed by arranging liquid crystal polymer molecules such that the molecular long axis of the liquid crystal polymer is substantially parallel to the slow axis direction of the first retardation layer 41, that is, the 45 ° direction. You.
- the wavelength dispersion of the first retardation layer 41 formed by using such liquid crystal molecules is such that the dichroism of the first polarization layer 51 and the second polarization layer 52 is at least within a visible wavelength range. Approximately matches the chromatic dispersion required to compensate.
- the retardation value R1 of the first retardation layer 41 can be adjusted by controlling the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the liquid crystal polymer forming the retardation layer and the layer thickness tl of the retardation layer. . That is, the retardation value R1 of the first retardation layer 41 is given by a value obtained by multiplying the refractive index anisotropy and the layer thickness, that is, ( ⁇ nlXtl).
- the first retardation layer 41 is obtained by multiplying the refractive index anisotropies ⁇ nl and ⁇ nl of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal polymer layer at wavelengths 440 nm and 620 nm ( ⁇ nl).
- the liquid crystal polymer has a layer thickness tl and a refractive index anisotropy set so as to be 3, 4,.
- the first retardation layer 41 has ⁇ 2 for the blue wavelength and ⁇ 2 for the red wavelength.
- the first retardation layer 41 formed using such a liquid crystal polymer has better compensation performance than a stretched retardation plate (for example, ARTON), and can reduce the force and the manufacturing cost.
- the first retardation layer 41 can be formed by applying a liquid crystal polymer with a film thickness of several meters, and the thickness can be reduced as compared with the stretched retardation plate, which is advantageous for thinning. is there.
- the OCB type liquid crystal display device is configured by disposing a bend liquid crystal layer 30 included in a liquid crystal panel between a first polarizing layer 51 and a second polarizing layer 52.
- the liquid crystal molecules contained in the bend liquid crystal layer 30 are oriented in a 90 ° direction.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 has a main refractive index in the X-axis direction of nx, a main refractive index in the yy-axis direction of ny, and a z-axis direction in a state where an image can be displayed.
- the main refractive index of is nz, there is a relationship of nz> nx> ny.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal layer, and has a phase difference of 440 nm in the normal direction with respect to a wavelength of 550 nm during black display, and has a phase difference of 42 nm in the in-plane direction.
- first polarizing layer 51 is arranged such that its absorption axis corresponds to the 135 ° azimuth. Further, the second polarizing layer 52 is arranged so that its absorption axis corresponds to the 45 ° azimuth.
- the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52 are made of, for example, polybutyl alcohol (PVA) containing iodine.
- PVA polybutyl alcohol
- the first polarizing layer 51 and the second polarizing layer 52 are arranged between a pair of base films. These base films are formed by, for example, TAC (triacetyl cellulose). This base film has a thickness of, for example, 40 / zm per one, and has a phase difference of 40 nm in the normal direction.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 has a retardation of 440 nm in the normal direction, and the base films B51 and B52 each have a retardation of 40 nm! /.
- the phase difference may be compensated by the third phase difference layer 43.
- the third retardation layer 43 is formed on the main surface (surface) of the base film B52 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side. That is, after rubbing the surface of the base film B52 in a predetermined direction, a chiral nematic liquid crystal material is applied at a thickness of 18 / zm.
- This chiral nematic liquid crystal material can be used, for example, with a nematic liquid crystal polymer (manufactured by BASF, Germany) having a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of 0.116 with respect to the wavelength of the sodium line, and a chiral material S811 (Merck, UK ) Is added. Further, ultraviolet rays are irradiated on such a chiral nematic liquid crystal material. Thereby, the applied liquid crystal material is cured.
- the third retardation layer 43 obtained as described above has a nx, as described above with reference to FIG.
- ny> nz ny> nz.
- ny axis corresponds to the 0 ° azimuth
- y axis corresponds to the 90 ° azimuth
- the z axis corresponds to the direction normal to the substrate surface.
- the average refractive index n was 1.55, the twist pitch P was about 206 nm, and the (nXP) value was about 320 nm, which was less than 400 nm.
- the second retardation layer 42 is formed on the main surface (surface) of the third retardation layer 43 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side. That is, after rubbing the surface of the third retardation layer 43 in the 0 ° direction (direction forming an angle of 45 ° with the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate 52), the nematic liquid crystal material is immersed in a thickness of 0.4 m. Apply with.
- the nematic liquid crystal material is, for example, a nematic liquid crystal polymer (manufactured by BASF, Germany) having a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of 0.116 with respect to the wavelength of the sodium line. Further, the nematic liquid crystal material is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Thus, the applied liquid crystal material is cured.
- the second retardation layer 42 obtained as described above has nx
- ny nz.
- the X axis corresponds to the 0 ° azimuth
- the y axis corresponds to the 90 ° azimuth
- the z axis corresponds to the direction normal to the substrate surface.
- the base film B52 has the second polarizing layer 52 on one main surface and the base film B52.
- the laminated body having the third retardation layer 43 and the second retardation layer on the other main surface of one film B52 is provided on the counter substrate 20 side of the liquid crystal panel 1. That is, for example, an acrylic adhesive is coated on the surface of the second retardation layer 42 to a thickness of about 20 m.
- the laminate described above is directly attached to the insulating substrate 21 constituting the counter substrate 20 via an adhesive.
- the first retardation layer 41 is formed on the main surface (surface) of the base film B51 on the liquid crystal layer 30 side. That is, the surface of the base film B51 is rubbed in a 45 ° direction (direction forming an angle of 90 ° with the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 51), and then a nematic liquid crystal material is applied with a predetermined thickness.
- the nematic liquid crystal material is, for example, a nematic liquid crystal polymer (manufactured by BASF, Germany) having a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n of 0.116 with respect to the wavelength of the sodium line.
- the thickness of the applied nematic liquid crystal material is set so as to give a phase difference of ⁇ 2 for the wavelength of blue and ⁇ 4 for the wavelength of red.
- ⁇ 2 for the wavelength of blue
- ⁇ 4 for the wavelength of red.
- about 1.6 m is applied. Is set to the thickness.
- such a nematic liquid crystal material is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Thereby, the applied liquid crystal material is cured.
- the first retardation layer 41 obtained in this manner has the nx, as described above with reference to FIG.
- ny nz.
- the X axis corresponds to the 45 ° azimuth
- the y axis corresponds to the 135 ° azimuth
- the z axis corresponds to the direction normal to the substrate surface.
- the laminate having the first polarizing layer 51 on one main surface of the base film B51 and the first retardation layer 41 on the other main surface of the base film B51 is a liquid crystal panel. 1 is provided on the array substrate 10 side. That is, for example, an acrylic adhesive is coated on the surface of the first retardation layer 41 to a thickness of about 20 m.
- the laminate described above is directly attached to the insulating substrate 11 constituting the array substrate 10 via an adhesive.
- the viewing angle of chromaticity at the time of black display as shown in FIG. 12 is obtained by optimizing the first retardation layer 41 and the second retardation layer 42.
- Dependencies could be obtained. That is, P1 in the figure indicates the chromaticity coordinates when observed from the normal direction of the substrate surface, and P2 is observed from a direction inclined by 80 ° to the right side (0 ° azimuth) of the screen with respect to the normal direction.
- P3 indicates the chromaticity coordinates when observed from a direction inclined by 80 ° to the left side (180 ° azimuth) of the screen with respect to the normal direction.
- P1 to P3 The coordinate values were substantially the same (there was little change in color regardless of the viewing angle), confirming that the viewing angle characteristics of color reproducibility could be improved.
- the luminance of each of the eight gradations was measured at an angle (viewing angle) inclined in the horizontal direction of the screen with respect to the normal.
- the result as shown in FIG. 14 was obtained. That is, no reversal phenomenon was observed in which the luminance of the low gradation exceeded the luminance of the high gradation at any angle V ⁇ .
- the result shown in FIG. 15 was obtained. That is, no inversion phenomenon was observed in which the luminance of the low gradation exceeded the luminance of the high gradation at any angle.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and may be modified by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention at the stage of implementation. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the above embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Further, components of different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
- the first retardation layer 41 may be formed of two or more retardation films.
- the first retardation layer 41 mainly compensates for positive dichroism in the first retardation layer 51 and the second retardation layer, and is provided between the first retardation layer 51 and the liquid crystal layer 30. It may be provided at least at one of a position close to the first retardation layer 51 and a position close to the second retardation layer 52 between the second retardation layer 52 and the liquid crystal layer 30.
- the second retardation layer 42 may be formed of two or more retardation films.
- the second retardation layer 42 mainly compensates for the retardation in the in-plane azimuth of the liquid crystal layer 30, and is provided between the first retardation layer 41 and the first polarizing layer 51 or the second polarizing layer 52. It is good if it is provided in.
- the third retardation layer 43 may be formed of two or more retardation films. The third retardation layer 43 mainly compensates for the retardation in the normal direction of the liquid crystal layer 30, and is provided between the first retardation layer 41 and the first polarizing layer 51 or the second polarizing layer 52. It only has to be provided.
- liquid crystal display device which is excellent in viewing angle characteristics and display quality, and which can reduce cost and cost.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2005517932A JP5264054B2 (ja) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-02-07 | 液晶表示素子 |
US11/502,391 US7561233B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2006-08-11 | Liquid crystal display device |
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JP2004036222 | 2004-02-13 | ||
JP2004-036222 | 2004-02-13 |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US11/502,391 Continuation US7561233B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2006-08-11 | Liquid crystal display device |
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WO2005078516A1 true WO2005078516A1 (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
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US (1) | US7561233B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5264054B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100778167B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100447649C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI322290B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005078516A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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US7830480B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2010-11-09 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel, and liquid crystal display |
US7852436B2 (en) | 2007-09-11 | 2010-12-14 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel, and liquid crystal display |
US8049823B2 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2011-11-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Projector, optical compensation method therefor, and liquid crystal device |
JP2013531278A (ja) * | 2010-07-13 | 2013-08-01 | リアルディー インコーポレイテッド | 視界が補償された短距離投影3d用偏光スイッチ |
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KR101374893B1 (ko) * | 2007-05-15 | 2014-03-14 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
DE102007028371B4 (de) * | 2007-06-13 | 2012-05-16 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Einrichtung zur Lichtmodulation |
US7948592B2 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2011-05-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Display device for increasing viewing angle |
CN101840104B (zh) * | 2010-05-07 | 2012-03-21 | 河北工业大学 | 一种高对比度和快速响应的液晶光阀 |
CN102466920A (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-23 | 瀚宇彩晶股份有限公司 | 液晶显示装置 |
CN102368124B (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 液晶空间光调制器 |
TWI522653B (zh) * | 2012-11-29 | 2016-02-21 | Lg化學股份有限公司 | 顯示裝置與偏光眼鏡 |
KR102493926B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-31 | 2023-01-30 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 |
JP7471799B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-12 | 2024-04-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | 制御装置、撮像装置、制御方法、および、プログラム |
CN112099270A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-18 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 水平电场型的显示面板及显示装置 |
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- 2005-02-07 CN CNB2005800049093A patent/CN100447649C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-07 KR KR1020067016117A patent/KR100778167B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-07 JP JP2005517932A patent/JP5264054B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1918508A (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
US7561233B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
CN100447649C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
TWI322290B (en) | 2010-03-21 |
KR20060117995A (ko) | 2006-11-17 |
US20060290854A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
JPWO2005078516A1 (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
KR100778167B1 (ko) | 2007-11-22 |
JP5264054B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
TW200604636A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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