WO2005060059A1 - Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung - Google Patents
Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005060059A1 WO2005060059A1 PCT/EP2004/013897 EP2004013897W WO2005060059A1 WO 2005060059 A1 WO2005060059 A1 WO 2005060059A1 EP 2004013897 W EP2004013897 W EP 2004013897W WO 2005060059 A1 WO2005060059 A1 WO 2005060059A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- protection device
- electrodes
- overvoltage protection
- region
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
Definitions
- the invention relates to an overvoltage protection device with a first electrode, with a second electrode, with a breakdown spark gap formed between the two electrodes and with a housing accommodating the electrodes, an arc being formed between the two electrodes when the breakdown spark gap is ignited of a discharge space connecting the two electrodes.
- Electrical, but in particular electronic measuring, control, regulating and switching circuits are sensitive to transient overvoltages, as can occur in particular through atmospheric discharges, but also as a result of switching operations or short circuits in power supply networks.
- This sensitivity has increased to the extent that electronic components, in particular transistors and thyristors, are used; Above all, increasingly used integrated circuits are endangered to a great extent by transient overvoltages.
- An essential component of surge protection devices of the type in question here is at least one spark gap, which responds to a certain overvoltage, the response voltage, and thus prevents overvoltages that are greater than the response voltage of the spark gap from occurring in the circuit protected by a surge protection device.
- the overvoltage protection device has two electrodes and a breakdown spark gap formed between the two electrodes.
- breakdown spark gaps are often also referred to as air breakdown spark gaps, whereby within the scope of the invention a breakdown spark gap is also intended to mean an air breakdown spark gap.
- a gas other than air may also be present between the electrodes.
- the area of the overvoltage protection device in which the arc forms when the breakdown spark gap is ignited is referred to below as the discharge space. This is usually the space between the two electrodes.
- surge protection devices with a breakdown spark gap
- surge protection devices with a flashover spark gap in which a sliding discharge occurs when activated.
- Overvoltage protection devices with a breakdown spark gap have the advantage of a higher surge current carrying capacity compared to overvoltage protection devices with a flashover spark gap, but the disadvantage of a higher - and not particularly constant - response voltage. For this reason, various surge protection devices with a breakdown spark gap have already been proposed, which have been improved with regard to the response voltage. Ignition aids have been implemented in the area of the electrodes or the breakdown spark gap effective between the electrodes, for. B. in such a way that at least one ignition aid triggering sliding discharge has been provided, which at least partially protrudes into the breakdown spark gap, is web-like and is made of plastic (cf., for example, DE 41 41 681 AI or DE 4402 615 AI). The previously mentioned ignition aids provided in the known surge protection devices can be referred to as "passive ignition aids", “passive ignition aids” because they do not respond "actively” themselves, but only respond by an overvoltage that occurs at the main electrodes.
- an overvoltage protection device with two electrodes, with a breakdown spark gap effective between the two electrodes and an ignition aid is also known.
- the ignition aid in contrast to the ignition aids which trigger a sliding discharge, is designed as an "active ignition aid", namely in that two ignition electrodes are provided in addition to the two electrodes - referred to there as the main electrodes. These two ignition electrodes form a second breakdown spark gap, which serves as a spark gap.
- the ignition aid includes, in addition to the spark gap, an ignition circuit with an ignition switching element. When an overvoltage is applied to the known overvoltage protection device, the ignition circuit with the ignition switching element responds to the ignition spark gap.
- the spark gap or the two ignition electrodes are arranged with respect to the two main electrodes in such a way that the spark gap between the two main electrodes, called the main spark gap, responds because the spark gap has responded. Addressing the spark gap leads to ionization of the air present in the breakdown spark gap, so that - suddenly - after the spark gap has responded, the breakdown spark gap between the two main electrodes, ie the main spark gap, also responds.
- the ignition aids lead to an improved, namely lower and more constant response voltage.
- the surge protection device known from DE 44 02 615 AI has two narrow electrodes, each of which has an angular shape and each has a spark horn and an angled connecting leg.
- the spark horns of the electrodes are provided with a hole in their areas adjoining the connecting legs: the holes provided in the spark horns of the electrodes ensure that the arc that arises is triggered by an arc at the instant the response of the overvoltage protection element, ie the ignition thermal pressure effect "is set in motion", that is, migrates away from its point of origin. Since the spark horns of the electrodes are arranged in a V shape relative to one another, the distance to be bridged by the arc is thus increased when the arc migrates out, where
- the low-impedance connection between the two electrodes is initially interrupted, the space between the two electrodes, i. H. the discharge space, however, is almost completely filled with a conductive plasma.
- the response voltage between the two electrodes is reduced by the existing plasma in such a way that the breakdown spark gap can be re-ignited even when the mains voltage is present.
- This problem occurs in particular when the surge protection device has an encapsulated or semi-open housing, since the essentially closed housing prevents the plasma from cooling or volatilizing.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying an overvoltage protection device of the type described at the outset which is distinguished by a high line follow current extinguishing capacity, but can nevertheless be implemented in a structurally simple manner.
- the overvoltage protection device according to the invention in which the above-mentioned object is achieved, is first and essentially characterized in that the discharge space is designed such that it runs at least partially transversely and / or opposite to the direction of the electric field of an applied mains voltage, so that the distance to be covered by the arc between the two electrodes has a transverse component to the electric field E.
- the electric field or the electric voltage applied to the two electrodes can no longer accelerate the free charge carriers contained in the plasma from one electrode to the other electrode, thereby preventing a follow-up current.
- the “blow-out” of the hot plasma can be dispensed with in the overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
- the arrangement and geometric configuration of the discharge space according to the invention prevent the undesirable consequence of the presence of the plasma - formation of a line follow current after the actual discharge process - without the plasma having to be driven away or cooled by the electrodes.
- the discharge space can be designed in such a way that it has at least three areas, the first area being connected to the first electrode, the second area being connected to the second electrode and the third area being connected on the one hand to the first area and on the other hand to the second area. The third area thus establishes the connection between the first area and the second area and thus also between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the third area is now designed in such a way that the free charge carriers contained in the plasma are not accelerated or only slightly accelerated from the first area to the second area or vice versa by the electric field of the applied mains voltage.
- the third area has at least one transverse component related to the electric field.
- the third region can be oriented obliquely, essentially perpendicularly or even partially opposite to the direction of the electric field of an applied mains voltage.
- the discharge space is structurally realized in that the side of the first electrode facing the second electrode and the side of the second electrode facing the first electrode are each partially covered with an insulating or high-resistance material, the one not with the insulating one or high-resistance material-covered region of the first electrode or the second electrode are arranged offset to one another.
- the shape and arrangement of the insulating or high-resistance material on the first or second electrode can be used to determine the shape of the discharge space in a simple manner.
- the discharge space between the two electrodes As a result of the inventive design of the discharge space between the two electrodes, the discharge space having at least one transverse component to the electric field, as described above Formation of an undesired line follow current prevented. At the same time, however, the response voltage of the breakdown spark gap is also increased, which is generally also undesirable.
- An active ignition aid for reducing the response voltage is therefore provided in a preferred embodiment of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention. In principle, various active ignition aids known from the prior art can be used for this.
- the active ignition aid is implemented in that the series connection of a voltage switching element and an ignition element is connected to the two electrodes, the response voltage of the voltage switching element being below the response voltage of the breakdown spark gap and, when the voltage switching element responds, a leakage current initially the ignition element flows;
- the voltage switching element is selected so that it becomes conductive at the response voltage of the overvoltage protection device, that is to say "switches".
- a varistor, a suppressor diode or a gas-filled voltage arrester can be provided as the voltage switching element.
- the ignition element preferably consists of a conductive plastic, a metallic material or a conductive ceramic and is in mechanical contact with the second electrode.
- the voltage switching element responds, so that a leakage current is applied via the series connection of the first electrode - voltage switching element - ignition element - second electrode begins to flow.
- the current thereby generates conductive plasma by means of an initial ignition, which can be introduced into the discharge space, as a result of which the breakdown spark gap between the first electrode and the second electrode is ignited and thus an arc is formed in the discharge space.
- an active ignition aid which can also be referred to as "current ignition”
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a surge chute device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a last exemplary embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention
- the overvoltage protection device - which is only shown in terms of its basic structure - includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and a housing 3 accommodating the electrodes 1, 2.
- a breakdown spark gap exists between the two electrodes 1 and 2.
- an arc 4 is formed when the breakdown spark gap is ignited between the two electrodes 1 and 2.
- a discharge space 5 is provided between the two electrodes 1 and 2, the discharge space 5 being at least partially oblique (FIG. 2), partially transverse (FIGS. 1, 5 and 6), partially opposite (FIG. 3) or partially transverse and opposite (FIG. 4) to the direction of the electric field represented by arrows 6 of an applied mains voltage.
- the discharge space 5 thus has at least one transverse component to the electrical field.
- the entire space between the electrodes 1, 2 thus does not function as a discharge space 5.
- the discharge space 5 can be divided into three areas 7, 8 and 9.
- the first area 7 is connected to the first electrode 1, the second area 8 to the second electrode 2 and the first area 7 via the third area 9 to the second area 8.
- the first region 7 and the second region 8 run essentially parallel to the direction of the electrical field.
- the third region 9 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 5 and 6 runs essentially perpendicularly or transversely to the direction of the electric field.
- the third region 9 of the discharge space 5 runs obliquely and in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 obliquely opposite to the direction of the electric field, i. H.
- the longitudinal direction of the third region 9 of the discharge space 5 has a transverse component to the direction of the electric field.
- the third region 9 of the discharge space 5 has both regions that run perpendicular to the direction of the electrical field and a region that runs opposite to the direction of the electrical field.
- an insulating or high-resistance material 12 is applied to the side 10 of the first electrode 1 facing the second electrode 2 and an insulating or high-resistance material 13 is applied to the side 11 of the second electrode 2 facing the first electrode 1 ,
- the insulating or high-resistance material 12 and 13 is not applied over the entire surface of the first electrode 1 or the second electrode 2, but rather there is a region 14 and 15 on the first electrode 1 and the respectively recessed second electrode 2, which is not covered with the insulating or high-resistance material 12 or 13.
- the two regions 14 and 15, respectively, of the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, which are not covered with the insulating or high-resistance material 12 or 13 are arranged offset from one another.
- any shape of the discharge space 9 can be realized by a corresponding configuration and arrangement of the materials 12, 13 on the electrodes 1, 2.
- the optimal course of the discharge space 5 for the respective application depends on the one hand on the required sequence current extinguishing capacity on the other hand on the level of the desired response voltage of the overvoltage protection device. However, the latter can also be determined by providing a suitable ignition aid, in particular an active ignition aid. 1 and 5 differ from one another in that in the overvoltage protection device according to FIG. 1 an insulating material 12, 13 is applied to the electrodes 1, 2, while in the overvoltage protection device according to FIG. 5 a high-resistance but nevertheless conductive Material 12, 13 is used.
- the free charge carriers are electrically “sucked off", which, however, likewise prevents the undesired line follow current and at the same time avoids the disadvantages of the known "blowing out".
- an insulating material 12, 13 is first applied to the electrodes 1, 2, comparable to the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
- the discharge space 5 is not only determined by the shape of the insulating material 12, 13, but primarily by high-resistance material 17, 18 additionally applied to the insulating material 12, 13 - comparable to the embodiment according to FIG. 5.
- the high-polar material 17 is connected to the first electrode 1 at a distance from the area 14 and the high-resistance material 18 is electrically conductively connected to the second electrode 2 at a distance from the area 15.
- the two areas 19, 20, in which the first electrode 1 is connected to the high-resistance material 17 and the second electrode 2 to the high-resistance material 18, are likewise arranged offset to one another.
- the high-resistance material 17, 18 initially ensures that free charge carriers located in the discharge space 5 are "sucked off” after the breakdown.
- This voltage drop along the high-resistance material 17, 18 creates an electric field, the field lines 6 'of which have a component opposite to the direction of the arc 4.
- This reinforcement of the "transverse character” is here - in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 - not geometric but electrical.
- the housing 3 which is preferably designed as a metallic pressure housing, has an inner insulating housing 16, the insulating material 12, 13 with the insulating housing 16 or with in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4 Parts of the insulating housing 16 is connected.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT04803586T ATE496413T1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
US10/596,250 US7532450B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Surge suppressor |
DE502004012135T DE502004012135D1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
EP04803586A EP1692751B1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
BRPI0417467-4A BRPI0417467A (pt) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | aparelho de proteção contra sobretensão |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10357945A DE10357945A1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2003-12-09 | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
DE10357945.1 | 2003-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005060059A1 true WO2005060059A1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
Family
ID=34258770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/013897 WO2005060059A1 (de) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7532450B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1692751B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100539336C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE496413T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0417467A (de) |
DE (3) | DE10357945A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2359828T3 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2374729C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005060059A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2234232A3 (de) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | ABB Technology AG | Hochspannungsvorrichtung |
DE102011102869B4 (de) * | 2010-08-18 | 2020-01-23 | Dehn Se + Co Kg | Funkenstreckenanordnung mit zwei in einem Gehäusekörper auf Abstand gehaltenen, gegenüberliegenden, bevorzugt flächigen Elektroden |
CN102738707B (zh) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 上海电科电器科技有限公司 | 过电压保护装置 |
CN102738785B (zh) * | 2011-04-15 | 2015-07-22 | 上海电科电器科技有限公司 | 过电压保护装置的放电模块 |
CN104377673A (zh) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 浪涌防护装置和方法 |
CN103617938B (zh) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-03-02 | 东莞市新铂铼电子有限公司 | 无续流气体放电管 |
CN104409967B (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-02-22 | 广东立信防雷科技有限公司 | 一种三极放电间隙本体及其放电触发电路 |
US9806501B1 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-10-31 | General Electric Company | Spark gap with triple-point electron emission prompting |
CN107276021A (zh) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥东玖电气有限公司 | 一种安全性能高的过电压保护装置 |
JP6922774B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2021-08-18 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | サージ防護素子 |
JP7390363B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2023-12-01 | ボーンズ、インコーポレイテッド | Gdt機能およびmov機能を有する統合デバイス |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4433354A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1984-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-discharge surge arrester |
EP0251010A1 (de) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter |
US5594613A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1997-01-14 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Surge arrester having controlled multiple current paths |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2934237C2 (de) * | 1979-08-24 | 1983-02-17 | Aeg-Telefunken Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 6000 Frankfurt | Überspannungsableiter |
DD234319A1 (de) * | 1985-01-30 | 1986-03-26 | Hermsdorf Keramik Veb | Strombegrenzende funkenstreckenanordnung |
DE4141681C2 (de) | 1991-12-17 | 1996-11-14 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Überspannungsschutzelement |
DE4447567B4 (de) | 1993-05-31 | 2019-01-03 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzelement |
DE19655119C2 (de) * | 1996-02-10 | 2001-01-25 | Dehn & Soehne | Funkenstreckenanordnung |
DE19803636A1 (de) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-05 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Überspannungsschutzsystem |
DE10140950B4 (de) * | 2001-08-01 | 2006-10-19 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter auf Funkenstreckenbasis |
ATE361567T1 (de) | 2001-09-02 | 2007-05-15 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
DE10146728B4 (de) * | 2001-09-02 | 2007-01-04 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung |
-
2003
- 2003-12-09 DE DE10357945A patent/DE10357945A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-12-07 RU RU2006124516/09A patent/RU2374729C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-07 BR BRPI0417467-4A patent/BRPI0417467A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-07 CN CNB200480036685XA patent/CN100539336C/zh active Active
- 2004-12-07 ES ES04803586T patent/ES2359828T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-07 EP EP04803586A patent/EP1692751B1/de active Active
- 2004-12-07 AT AT04803586T patent/ATE496413T1/de active
- 2004-12-07 WO PCT/EP2004/013897 patent/WO2005060059A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-12-07 US US10/596,250 patent/US7532450B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-07 DE DE502004012135T patent/DE502004012135D1/de active Active
- 2004-12-09 DE DE202004019138U patent/DE202004019138U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4433354A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1984-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gas-discharge surge arrester |
EP0251010A1 (de) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gasentladungsüberspannungsableiter |
US5594613A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1997-01-14 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Surge arrester having controlled multiple current paths |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100539336C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
DE10357945A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
RU2374729C2 (ru) | 2009-11-27 |
RU2006124516A (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
BRPI0417467A (pt) | 2007-04-10 |
CN1890849A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
ATE496413T1 (de) | 2011-02-15 |
US7532450B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
US20070086136A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
DE502004012135D1 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
EP1692751A1 (de) | 2006-08-23 |
EP1692751B1 (de) | 2011-01-19 |
ES2359828T3 (es) | 2011-05-27 |
DE202004019138U1 (de) | 2005-03-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE10338835B4 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE102011102937B4 (de) | Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken | |
EP1033798B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP1677398A2 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP0600222B1 (de) | Blitzstromtragfähige Anordnung mit zumindest zwei in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken | |
EP1692751B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP1456921B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP1423894B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE10018012A1 (de) | Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannungen | |
DE10146728B4 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE102008038486A1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP1226638B1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE4244051A1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzelement | |
DE19506057B4 (de) | Löschfunkenstreckenanordnung | |
DE102007015364B4 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE102014102065B4 (de) | Zündelement zur Verwendung bei einem Überspannungsschutzelement, Überspannungsschutzelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zündelements | |
EP3127199B1 (de) | Überspannungsableiter | |
DE10212697A1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE10040603B4 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
DE202005008085U1 (de) | Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung | |
EP4270688A1 (de) | Mehrfachfunkenstrecke | |
DE10060426A1 (de) | Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke | |
DE10066231B4 (de) | Druckfest gekapselte Funkenstreckenanordnung zum Ableiten von schädlichen Störgrößen durch Überspannungen | |
DE1935190A1 (de) | Funkenstreckenanordnung fuer Gleichstrom-UEberspannungsableiter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200480036685.X Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004803586 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1542/KOLNP/2006 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007086136 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 10596250 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006124516 Country of ref document: RU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004803586 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0417467 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10596250 Country of ref document: US |