WO2005057446A1 - ピア間通信を用いたコンテンツ流通システム - Google Patents
ピア間通信を用いたコンテンツ流通システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005057446A1 WO2005057446A1 PCT/JP2004/017264 JP2004017264W WO2005057446A1 WO 2005057446 A1 WO2005057446 A1 WO 2005057446A1 JP 2004017264 W JP2004017264 W JP 2004017264W WO 2005057446 A1 WO2005057446 A1 WO 2005057446A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
- H04L67/62—Establishing a time schedule for servicing the requests
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for distributing content by peer-to-peer communication using a peer-to-peer network.
- a peer-to-peer network that does not require a dedicated server.
- a peer-to-peer network a plurality of peers, both serving as a server and a client, can perform peer-to-peer communication with each other to distribute content (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-312327).
- each peer In a content distribution system based on peer-to-peer communication, each peer possesses a content desired by a user and has a function of searching for a peer on a network. Then, the peer finds the peer who owns the desired content by searching, and also obtains the content. The peer that has acquired the content is then the provider of that content to other peers.
- contents can be stored in a centralized manner and distributed to a plurality of users even if there is no center server for distributing as necessary. Also, when distributing large-volume content to a large number of users, access is concentrated on the center server, processing and communication traffic are congested, and conventional content distribution, such as client servers, cannot be performed smoothly. Avoid avoiding problems with the system.
- a peer that has acquired the content provides the content thereafter. It must be kept available. For example, if many of the peers with the same content are powered off, access will be concentrated on a particular peer. As a result, the processing and communication traffic of the peer become congested, and the content cannot be smoothly distributed as in the conventional system.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a content distribution system capable of grasping the content distribution status and distributing content stably in content distribution by peer communication.
- a content distribution system of the present invention is a content distribution system for distributing content between peers of a peer-to-peer network, and has a peer and a node.
- the peer acquires the content from the source peer or peers-one-peer network that owns the content in advance and the peer that acquired the content first.
- the nodes are connected to a peer-to-peer network and manage the distribution status of the content collectively.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a content distribution system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a node.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a format of report information.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a source peer.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a peer.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an operation example of the content distribution system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a content distribution tree created by a node according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a format of report information in a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a peer according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a settlement device. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a content distribution system according to the first embodiment.
- the content distribution system has a node 10, a source peer 11, and a peer 12-14, which are connected to a communication network 15 such as the Internet or a LAN.
- Source peer 11 and peers 12-14 form a peer-to-peer network.
- the node 10 is, for example, a computer owned by a company that collectively manages the content distribution of each company that distributes the content, collects report information from the peers 12 to 14, and distributes the content by the peer-to-peer network. Manage the distribution status between peers.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a node.
- the node 10 has a report information receiving unit 21, a distribution status managing unit 22, and a fee managing unit 23.
- the report information receiving unit 21, the distribution status management unit 22, and the charge management unit 23 show an example in which the node 10 is configured as a single server.
- the charge management unit 23 may be configured by different servers, and the servers may cooperate to implement the node 10.
- the report information receiving unit 21 also receives the report information on the peer power that has acquired the content, and notifies the distribution status management unit 22 of the content.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a format of report information. Referring to FIG. 3, the report information includes the acquiring peer ID indicating the peer that acquired the content, the providing peer ID indicating the provider that provided the content to itself, the content ID indicating the acquired content, and the acquired content. Includes Punole Tokai Ij's ⁇ Blue Report, which indicates Tokai Ij.
- the distribution status management unit 22 manages the distribution status between peers based on the information notified from the report information reception unit 21.
- the distribution status between peers is managed for each content identified by the content ID in FIG. 3, and indicates the order of the peers that have acquired the content and the acquisition time.
- the peer that acquired the content is identified by the acquiring peer ID in Figure 3.
- the charge management unit 23 responds to the distribution status between peers managed by the distribution status management unit 22. Manage billing for each peer. When content is acquired, its peers are charged a fee for acquiring the content (that is, the content selling price), but the fee system is such that the time to start providing the content is short, and the order of acquisition is short. The sooner the fee for acquiring content is set, the sooner. In other words, peers who have acquired content earlier can get the benefit of reducing content acquisition fees.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a source peer.
- the source peer 11 has a peer-to-peer network control unit 31, a content providing unit 32, and a content storage unit 33.
- the source peer 11 is, for example, a computer owned by a distributor of the content, and also possesses the content before starting the distribution.
- the source peer 11 provides the content to the peer upon request from the peer.
- the content storage section 33 stores content in advance before distribution starts.
- the peer-to-peer network control unit 31 controls communication between peers in the peer-to-peer network.
- the content providing unit 32 When the content providing unit 32 receives a search for content from the peers 12 to 14 through peer-to-peer communication via the peer-to-peer network control unit 31, the content providing unit 32 determines whether or not the content is stored in the content storage unit 33. . If the content is stored, the content providing unit 32 returns a response to the search. Upon receiving a request from the peer that has returned the response to the search, the content providing unit 32 sends the content.
- the node 10 manages the distribution status between peers.
- the source peer 11 may also have the function! /.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a peer.
- the peer includes a peer-to-peer network control unit 41, a content providing unit 42, a content storage unit 43, and a content acquisition unit 44.
- the peers 12-14 are computers owned by general users who can acquire contents by the present system.
- the user operates the peers 12-14 by inputting and outputting information with a browser (not shown) which is a user interface.
- the content acquisition unit 44 determines whether the content desired by the user is a peer-to-peer network. Get from. At that time, first, the content acquisition unit 44 searches for a peer that has the desired content on the peer-to-peer network using a search engine (not shown). If the peer owning the content or the source peer also responds, it sends a request to that peer to retrieve (pull) the content. The content acquisition unit 44 manages the time with a timer (not shown). When acquiring the content, the content acquisition unit 44 sends report information including the pull time to the node 10.
- the peer After acquiring the content, the peer becomes the content provider, and provides the content in response to a request from another peer desiring the content.
- any peera may acquire the content.
- the content is acquired from the peer that has the fastest response. . This is because, in general, the peer that responds quickly is considered to have a low processing and communication traffic load.
- the content storage unit 43 stores the content acquired by the content acquisition unit 44.
- the peer-to-peer network control unit 41 controls communication between peers in the peer-to-peer network.
- the content providing unit 42 When the content providing unit 42 receives a search from a peer who desires the content through inter-peer communication via the peer-to-peer network control unit 31, the content providing unit 42 determines whether or not the content is stored in the content queue internal unit 33. judge. If the content is stored, the content providing unit 32 returns a response to the search. When there is a request from a peer that has returned a response to the search, the content providing unit 32 sends the content.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an operation example of the content distribution system according to the first embodiment.
- the user first desires the peer S 12, 13 S content.
- Peers 12 and 13 use a search engine to search for peers that own the content. In the initial state, only the source peer 10 owns the content, so the source peer 10 is detected as a search result.
- Peers 12, 13 pull content from source peer 11 based on the search results and send report information to node 10.
- Node 10 charges peers 12 and 13 for content acquisition.
- Peers 12, 13 acquired content shortly after launch, so billing The price is relatively low. Therefore, the peer of the user who wants to acquire the content acquires the content as soon as possible, and the number of peers that can provide the content increases in a short time. As a result, processing and communication traffic are less likely to concentrate on a particular peer.
- the peer 14 desires the content.
- Peer 14 uses a search engine to search for peers that own the content.
- the peers 12 and 13 also own the content.
- the peer 13 responds to the search of the peer 14 earliest.
- Peer 14 pulls content from peer 13 based on the search results and sends report information to node 10.
- the node 10 charges the peer 14 for a content acquisition fee.
- Peer 14 acquired content at a later time or in a later order than peers 12 and 13, so the charge is slightly higher.
- the peer that has acquired the content notifies the node of the report information including the time at which the content was acquired, and the node powers the content based on the acquisition time of each peer.
- the distribution status is managed, and the earlier the acquisition time or the earlier the acquisition order, the lower the content acquisition fee, so that the content distribution status can be grasped in real time, and the number of peers that can provide the content is short-term. In the meantime, it becomes difficult for processing and communication traffic to concentrate on specific peers, and smooth distribution of content is ensured. Also, in addition to users who acquire content regardless of the fee, there are also users who acquire content if the fee is low, so the content sales volume increases.
- the content distribution system according to the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of FIG. However, in the second embodiment, the charge to the peer that has acquired the content is reduced according to the time during which the peer has been operating for content distribution (hereinafter, referred to as operation time).
- the peers 12-14 After acquiring the content, the peers 12-14 repeatedly send the report information to the node 10 at a fixed period if the operating state is such that the content can be provided to other peers. Then, the node 10 manages the operation time of each of the peers that have acquired the content, based on the report information sent from the peers 12-14 at regular intervals. Report information is up The node 10 is used to notify the status, and the node 10 may determine that the peer to which the report information arrives at a constant cycle is in the active state, and the peer to which the report information does not reach is inactive. Then, node 10 reduces the charge of each peer according to the working time of each peer.
- the source peer of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the configuration of the peer of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the content acquisition unit 44 differs from the first embodiment in that report information is sent to the node 10 at regular intervals if the content acquisition unit 44 is operating after acquiring the content.
- the nodes of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the distribution status management unit 22 manages the operating time of each peer based on the report information from the peers 12-14.
- the distribution status management unit 22 determines the operating status of the report information sent at a fixed period, and measures the operating time from the pull time. .
- the charge management unit 23 reduces the charge according to the operation time of each peer. In other words, peers that have been operating for a long time in a state in which content can be provided can benefit from a reduction in content acquisition fees. For example, when the operating time exceeds a predetermined threshold! / ⁇ , the predetermined amount may be subtracted from the billing amount! ⁇ .
- the content distribution system has the same configuration as that of FIG. However, in the third embodiment, a fee is paid to a peer who has provided the content to another peer. A fee is also paid to the upstream peer when the downstream peer that provided the content provided the content to other peers.
- the source peer 11 and the peers 12-14 of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the node of the third embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, except that the operations of the power distribution management unit 22 and the fee management unit 23 are different.
- the distribution management unit 22 examines the distribution route of each peer having acquired the content with any peer power, and reports the information information, and organizes the relationship between the content providing peer and the acquired peer into a tree shape. Then, it is managed as a content distribution tree showing the distribution channel of the content.
- the fee management unit 23 manages a commission to be paid to each of the peers that have acquired the content and incorporated into the content distribution library. At that time, the fee management unit 23 pays a fee to the peer that provided the content to another peer, and also pays a fee to the upstream peer on the content distribution tree of the peer that provided the content. In other words, peers that acquired the content early and provided the content to many other peers would benefit from a higher commission. These fees may be part of the content acquisition fee charged to the pioneer who acquired the content.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a content distribution tree created by nodes according to the third embodiment.
- the squares in FIG. 7 indicate peers that have acquired the content. For example, peers 14 and 15 acquire content from peer 13, peers 16 and 17 acquire content from peer 14, and peer 18 acquires content from peer 15. In this case, the peer 13 can obtain a commission by the peers 14 and 18 acquiring the content.
- the ratio of the fee to the content acquisition fee may be arbitrarily set. Further, the range of the downstream peer to which the commission is paid may be arbitrarily set.
- the content distribution system has the same configuration as that of FIG. However, the fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the operation of the peer and the node.
- a fee is paid to a peer who has provided content to another peer.
- the peer that selects the earliest content from the earliest is selected. Get it.
- the node of the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, but the operations of the flow management unit 22 and the charge management unit 23 are different.
- the distribution management unit 22 in the fourth embodiment When receiving the report information, the distribution management unit 22 in the fourth embodiment also seeks the peer that provided the content with the provider peer ID included in the report information. Further, the fee management unit 23 in the fourth embodiment manages commissions to be paid to each peer, and pays commissions to peers that have provided content.
- the peer of the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5, but the operations of the content providing unit 42 and the content obtaining unit 44 are different.
- the content providing unit 42 in the fourth embodiment receives a search from a peer who desires the content, if the content is stored in the content storage unit 43, the content providing unit 32 responds to the search. Is returned, and the report information is attached to the response. As described above, the report information includes the pull time.
- the content acquisition unit 44 in the fourth embodiment performs a search in order to acquire the content from now on, and when a plurality of peers who own the content receive a response, the content acquisition unit 44 attaches the response to the response.
- the peer power that acquired the content from the earliest time also acquires the content.
- the function of selecting the peer that has obtained the content from the earliest based on the pull time may be built in, for example, a search engine.
- the content distribution system according to the fifth embodiment has the same configuration as that of FIG. However, the operation of the peer in the fifth embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the content acquisition unit 44 when content is acquired, the content acquisition unit 44 sends report information to the node 10 and responds to other peer power searches for acquiring content from now on. This is the same as the fourth embodiment in that the content providing unit attaches the report information to the response.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a format of report information in the fifth embodiment.
- the report information includes “number of times provided” and “mode information”.
- the number of provisions is the number of times the content was provided to other peers.
- the content providing unit 42 counts the number of times of providing by using a counter.
- the mode information is information indicating whether the peer power having a large number of pulls acquires contents preferentially or the content having a small number of provisions preferentially acquires contents from peers.
- the mode information may be determined and set in advance for the content or system by, for example, a company that owns the source peer 11 or a company that owns the node 10. It shall be set so that content is acquired preferentially.
- the content acquisition unit 44 of the peer attempting to acquire the content receives the number of provisions and the mode included in the report information attached to the response. Determine peers requesting content based on information. For example, if the mode information indicates that a peer with a higher number of provisions should be given priority, the content acquisition unit 44 also acquires the content with the peer power with the highest number of provisions in response.
- the priority selected at the time of providing the content can be selected based on the mode information depending on the number of times of provision for each peer, so that the distribution of the content can be performed well in consideration of the characteristics of the peer-to-peer network. You can configure settings and know the number of times each peer has been provided.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a peer according to the sixth embodiment. Referring to FIG. 9, the peer of the sixth embodiment differs from that of FIG. 5 in having a load measuring unit 51. Also, the operation of the content providing unit 42 is different.
- the load measuring unit 51 measures the processing load on the peer, and when the processing load is equal to or greater than the threshold value, notifies the content providing unit 42 of the fact.
- the content providing unit 42 does not respond to the search even when the content is present in the content storage unit 43 when another peer power that seeks to obtain the content receives the search!
- a peer that has acquired the content related to the operation time after the acquisition of the content earlier has a privilege (for example, the first actual In the embodiment, since there is a possibility that the content acquisition fee is reduced), the non-operation state may tend to be longer.
- the right to receive the above benefits may be given when the operation state after the acquisition of the content is longer than a predetermined time.
- the distribution status management unit 22 measures the operation time of each peer, and the charge management unit 23 determines that the measured operation time exceeds the threshold value. Give a privilege on the condition that it.
- the peer may obtain the right to receive the above-mentioned benefit.
- the node 10 may obtain the number of pulls by totaling the report information of each peer, and use the result.
- the content distribution system may be a payment device that collectively manages the content acquisition fee and the content provision fee of the node 10 or a separate payment device.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the settlement device.
- the settlement apparatus includes a content acquisition fee calculation unit 61, a content provision fee calculation unit 62, and a settlement processing unit 63.
- the content acquisition fee calculation unit 61 calculates a content acquisition fee to be charged to each peer similarly to the node of the first or second embodiment.
- the content providing fee calculation unit 62 calculates a content providing fee to be given to each peer similarly to the nodes of the third to fifth embodiments.
- the settlement processing unit 63 collects, for each peer, the content acquisition fee calculated by the content acquisition fee calculation unit 61, and pays the content provision fee calculated by the content provision fee calculation unit 62. At this time, the settlement processing unit 63 pays the core content provision fee for the content acquisition fee at the same time as or after the content acquisition fee corresponding to the content provision fee is collected.
- the collection amount and the payment amount are collectively managed by the settlement apparatus, so that if the content provision fee is paid while the content acquisition fee is not collected, the risk can be avoided.
- a secure content distribution system can be realized.
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JP2003-414866 | 2003-12-12 | ||
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WO2005057446A1 true WO2005057446A1 (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2007034734A (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-08 | Sony Corp | データ流通システム、データ流通方法、サーバ、及び端末装置 |
JP2010170580A (ja) * | 2010-04-21 | 2010-08-05 | Sony Corp | データ流通システム、サーバ、及び端末装置 |
JP2010541063A (ja) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-12-24 | ソニー株式会社 | 電子ネットワークにおけるクライアントデバイス間のコンテンツ転送を促進するためのシステム及び方法 |
JP2012517136A (ja) * | 2009-02-03 | 2012-07-26 | 株式会社 Itec Tokyo | 無線ピアツーピアネットワークにおけるマルチメディアデータ転送のための分散型ピア発見方法 |
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JP2012517136A (ja) * | 2009-02-03 | 2012-07-26 | 株式会社 Itec Tokyo | 無線ピアツーピアネットワークにおけるマルチメディアデータ転送のための分散型ピア発見方法 |
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