WO2005055660A2 - Element chauffant en nappe et procede de production correspondant - Google Patents

Element chauffant en nappe et procede de production correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005055660A2
WO2005055660A2 PCT/AT2004/000422 AT2004000422W WO2005055660A2 WO 2005055660 A2 WO2005055660 A2 WO 2005055660A2 AT 2004000422 W AT2004000422 W AT 2004000422W WO 2005055660 A2 WO2005055660 A2 WO 2005055660A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating layer
heating element
heat
carrier material
electrical conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2004/000422
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005055660A3 (fr
Inventor
Christian Haider
Original Assignee
Econ Export + Consulting Group Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Econ Export + Consulting Group Gmbh filed Critical Econ Export + Consulting Group Gmbh
Priority to EP04819560A priority Critical patent/EP1730995A2/fr
Publication of WO2005055660A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005055660A2/fr
Publication of WO2005055660A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005055660A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for manufacturing resistors with envelope or housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a surface heating element as a resistance heater in a multilayer structure, which converts electrical energy supplied into heat energy and emits it to a carrier material, the carrier material having a flat, curved or a multidimensionally shaped surface.
  • No. 4,203,198 A describes the production of a surface heating element in which a thin metal foil is embedded between two layers of glass fiber mats and the entire sandwich arrangement is fixed with a temperature-resistant binder.
  • the binder contains colloidally bound silicon particles.
  • the glass fiber layers serve as a base, top and insulation layer, and the metal foil forms the resistance heating element.
  • DE 21 51 626 A calls a method for producing a rigid, heatable surface heating element, which consists of a thin, heat-resistant, rigid, heat-emitting layer, which has an electrically conductive film with corresponding electrical connections and a thicker, electrically insulating one , rigid layer is connected.
  • an aqueous plastic dispersion which contains electrically conductive particles such as noble metals, carbon, soot or graphite and additionally potassium or sodium silicate is applied to the thin, heat-emitting layer.
  • a thicker, heat-insulating layer of rigid polyurethane foam is applied by the foam-forming reaction mixture coming into direct contact with the electrically conductive film.
  • DE 196 38 640 A discloses a method for producing surface heating elements for ceramic hobs.
  • the heating conductor is separated from a metal foil, for example by punching out or etching out.
  • This film is suspended in the distance between the insulation base plate and the ceramic hob, whereby the effects of thermal expansion, which occur at temperatures of up to 1200 C, can be compensated for by sagging in the air space.
  • DE 100 25 539 A also uses a heating foil with a heating conductor pattern. However, a ceramic-filled polymer layer is arranged between the heating foil and the surface to be heated. The polymer layer connected to the heating foil is pressed with an insulating molded body against the surface to be heated or glued to this surface.
  • the ceramic-filled polymer layer has a very low heat transfer resistance combined with a high electrical insulation capacity.
  • the polymer layer is stable up to about 150 ° C.
  • This heating surface is preferably attached to the outside of a water-filled container. Due to the good heat-conducting connection with the surface to be heated, the heating device remains at comparatively low temperatures.
  • DE 27 19 174 A describes a method for producing a heatable exterior mirror for motor vehicles, in which a resistance layer made of carbon synthetic resin is printed on an insulating layer and is covered with a further insulating layer made of epoxy resin or silicone rubber. The layers are printed, sprayed or spread using the screen printing process.
  • the power supply electrodes consist of a solderable conductive paste.
  • the use of carbon-conductive varnishes and the printing using the screen printing process is known.
  • Conductors made of carbon conductive varnish are applied to plastic foils, such as polyimide foils. Such conductor track films can be connected to the component to be heated by gluing.
  • DE 35 25 488 A describes a heating device for keeping the surface reflector of an antenna free of ice, the use of graphite lacquer as a heating conductor, which is applied using a printing process or by spraying on using a template, being described.
  • the heating power is around 200 to 400 W / m 2 .
  • this area performance is not sufficient for applications as a warming area or for tempering or heating a container, since heating powers of 0.1 to 30 W / cm 2 are required here.
  • heating devices that are operated with electric current. Depending on the temperature level in the application area, they can be differentiated into high-temperature and low-temperature applications. High temperature resistant materials are required for high temperature applications, which affect temperatures of over 300 ° C. These devices can be used for air heating, for steam generation, for toasters, soldering devices, ironing machines and the like.
  • the low-temperature heating elements are used in the area of surface temperature control, such as hot plates, thawing devices systems, aquarium heaters, mirror and glass heaters, warming devices for gaseous and liquid media and the like.
  • an insulation layer is usually arranged between this surface and the heating element.
  • This can consist of enamel, a plasma layer, metal oxide, metal nitrite, insulating adhesive or a plastic layer, such as a plastic film.
  • Low-temperature elements such as those used for warming plates, are preferably made from heatable ceramics, from plastic films coated with resistance materials, or from thick-film elements with coatings which are applied by screen printing or by a spraying process.
  • Heated ceramics have the disadvantage that the mechanical strength is generally very low, but their production is complex and therefore costly.
  • Resistance heating elements which are produced by etching from a metal foil and then gluing onto a plastic foil or by printing a conductive material onto a plastic foil, have the major disadvantage that bubble-free gluing of the heating element produced in this way is necessary with the carrier. As soon as there are glueing errors or peeling or blistering due to aging, gas-filled areas with poor heat transfer occur and subsequently lead to an overload of the heating element at neighboring points. If a critical value is exceeded, there is an interruption in the conductor and the heating element fails completely.
  • Heating elements that are manufactured in thick-film technology and in which the dielectric is produced by spraying or by a printing process have the advantage of a direct and permanent connection to the carrier surface, but they usually require firing temperatures above 300 ° C.
  • the carrier surface in addition to the sintering process of the thick-film pastes, the carrier surface also changes optically. These elements therefore require additional surface treatments such as grinding and polishing.
  • Another disadvantage is that printing is not possible on most plastics and in some cases on aluminum and other non-ferrous metals.
  • the present invention therefore has as its object a method for producing a heating element with printed or sprayed on To create a dielectric with which a permanent, reliable heating element can be produced on a carrier substance, with which there can be no overheating problems which impair the life of the heating element due to the formation of bubbles, whereby only temperatures below 300 ° C are used in the production process. Furthermore, the application of the heating element to any carrier substance should be made possible and no post-processing such as grinding or polishing should be required.
  • the heat-generating electrical conductor is applied to the carrier material to be heated by means of a screen printing process and is dried, the electrical conductor is then covered with an insulating layer on a plastic basis by means of a screen printing process or by spraying or rolling, and the insulating layer is added Temperatures of up to 300 ° C are dried and cured.
  • a conductive paste with a defined resistance value is applied to this insulating layer. It is particularly advantageous here to apply carbon-conductive lacquers which have a specific resistance in the range from 1 to 1000 ohms / area unit and are temperature-resistant and resistant to resistance in the required temperature range.
  • the printed surface consists of a full-surface design or a sequence of individual conductor tracks, which can consist, for example, of a meandering or spiral shape, but also of alternately thick and thinner conductor tracks.
  • the individual pastes are cured at a maximum temperature of 300 ° C. This limitation of the curing temperature does not result in any visible changes in the metallic carrier substance.
  • the same insulating lacquers can be used for the final protective covering of the heating element, as a result of which a complete enclosure of the electrically conductive structure is achieved.
  • the electrical connection can be made, for example, using plug-in tabs that are glued directly onto the electrically conductive heating element with conductive adhesive.
  • Another possibility is, for example, the application of conductive lacquers based on silver or copper or other solderable metals in the area of the connection points.
  • Another option is to attach pegs or strands to the heating element using suitable soldering or welding processes.
  • An alternative possibility is the use of specially designed surface pressure contacts with a surface that is good electrical conductivity and thus ensures safe current transfer.
  • the direct application of the temperature-resistant insulation layer to the metallic carrier and the use of electrical resistance pastes such as carbon conductive varnishes allow short-term power densities of up to 30 W / cm 2 with sufficient energy dissipation.
  • electrically insulating materials such as plastics, metal oxides and metal nitrites can also be printed. Due to the self-insulating property of the carrier material, there is no need to apply a basic insulation layer.
  • a carbon conductive lacquer preferred for the method according to the invention consists of coal dust and graphite with grain sizes between 5 and 7 ⁇ m.
  • the solids content is preferably 67% and the specific weight 1.15. It is a one- or two-component, thermosetting resin mixture.
  • the surface heating element produced by the method according to the invention can be used for voltages up to 400V AC or 600V DC be used.
  • the preferred area of application is 12 to 24 V DC or AC, and 230 to 400 V AC.
  • geometrically shaped carrier materials of any shape can be used, which in turn can consist of any material.
  • electrically conductive carrier materials for example made of aluminum, copper or steel, can be used, as well as those made of non-conductive material, such as plastic, metal oxide, metal nitrite, or also electrically conductive carriers, onto which an electrically insulating coating, for example, is made in a previous manufacturing step Enamel or glass was applied.
  • Another advantage is that there can be no detachment of the heat-generating electrical conductor and thus no overheating problems which affect the life of the heating element due to the formation of bubbles. Furthermore, due to the low process temperatures in the manufacturing process, no post-processing such as grinding or polishing is required.
  • the outer insulating and covering layer can also be omitted under certain circumstances, without this endangering the durability of the electrically conductive layer.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in section.
  • Fig. 4 shows the variant of Fig. 3 in an axonometric view.
  • Fig. 1 a carrier material 1, on which an insulating layer 2, two adjacent conductor tracks 3 and a covering insulating layer 4 are applied in successive process steps.
  • FIG. 2 shows a carrier material 1, on which an insulating layer 2, two adjacent conductor tracks 3, a further insulating layer 5, a full-surface conductor 6 and a covering insulating layer 4 are applied in successive process steps.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of a surface heating element according to the invention, the conductor tracks 3 covered by the insulating layer 4 being indicated by broken lines. Contact surfaces 7 are left free for the electrical connection when the insulating layer 4 is applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows the surface heating element from FIG. 3 in an oblique view, current connections 8 being recognizable on the contact surfaces 7.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de produire un élément chauffant en nappe, servant de chauffage ohmique dans une structure multicouche, qui convertit l'énergie électrique acheminée en énergie thermique et fournit ladite énergie thermique à un matériau support (1). Ledit matériau support (1) est une surface plane, courbe ou à conformation multidimensionnelle. Ledit procédé se caractérise en ce que le conducteur électrique générateur de chaleur (3) est appliqué sur le matériau support (1) à chauffer par procédé de sérigraphie et est séché. Le conducteur électrique (3) est ensuite recouvert d'une couche isolante (2) à base de matière plastique, par procédé de sérigraphie ou par pulvérisation ou par laminage. La couche isolante (2) est séchée et durcie à des températures atteignant au maximum 300 °C. L'invention concerne en outre un élément chauffant en nappe pouvant être produit de la sorte.
PCT/AT2004/000422 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Element chauffant en nappe et procede de production correspondant WO2005055660A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04819560A EP1730995A2 (fr) 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Element chauffant en nappe et procede de production correspondant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM868/2003 2003-12-04
AT0086803U AT7326U1 (de) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Verfahren zur herstellung eines flächenheizelementes und danach hergestelltes flächenheizelement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005055660A2 true WO2005055660A2 (fr) 2005-06-16
WO2005055660A3 WO2005055660A3 (fr) 2007-04-26

Family

ID=33314812

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2004/000422 WO2005055660A2 (fr) 2003-12-04 2004-12-02 Element chauffant en nappe et procede de production correspondant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1730995A2 (fr)
AT (1) AT7326U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005055660A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021043692A1 (fr) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Jt International Sa Élément chauffant à film mince
WO2021043691A1 (fr) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Jt International Sa Ensemble de chauffage
DE202022002800U1 (de) 2022-12-20 2023-06-29 Marquardt GmbH Durchleuchtbares Flächenheizelement
US20230249752A1 (en) * 2022-02-08 2023-08-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Heated vehicle header
DE102022134064A1 (de) 2022-12-20 2024-06-20 Marquardt Gmbh Durchleuchtbares Flächenheizelement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2307807A2 (fr) * 2008-05-01 2011-04-13 Thermoceramix, Inc. Appareils de cuisson utilisant des revêtements de résistance
EP2779784A1 (fr) 2013-03-14 2014-09-17 Shui-Po Lee Plaque de chauffage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4628187A (en) * 1984-03-02 1986-12-09 Tokyo Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Planar resistance heating element
EP0571978A1 (fr) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-01 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Elément chauffant pour dispositif de connexions de tube
US5408069A (en) * 1993-09-28 1995-04-18 Mischel, Jr.; James V. Self-defogging mirror
US5468936A (en) * 1993-03-23 1995-11-21 Philip Morris Incorporated Heater having a multiple-layer ceramic substrate and method of fabrication
US5560851A (en) * 1993-11-11 1996-10-01 Hoechst Ceramtec Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing ceramic heating elements
EP0790754A2 (fr) * 1996-02-13 1997-08-20 Dow Corning S.A. Elément de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication
EP0811892A1 (fr) * 1995-12-25 1997-12-10 Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Structure en lamine pour operation de chauffage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4628187A (en) * 1984-03-02 1986-12-09 Tokyo Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd. Planar resistance heating element
EP0571978A1 (fr) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-01 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Elément chauffant pour dispositif de connexions de tube
US5468936A (en) * 1993-03-23 1995-11-21 Philip Morris Incorporated Heater having a multiple-layer ceramic substrate and method of fabrication
US5408069A (en) * 1993-09-28 1995-04-18 Mischel, Jr.; James V. Self-defogging mirror
US5560851A (en) * 1993-11-11 1996-10-01 Hoechst Ceramtec Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing ceramic heating elements
EP0811892A1 (fr) * 1995-12-25 1997-12-10 Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Structure en lamine pour operation de chauffage
EP0790754A2 (fr) * 1996-02-13 1997-08-20 Dow Corning S.A. Elément de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021043692A1 (fr) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Jt International Sa Élément chauffant à film mince
WO2021043691A1 (fr) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Jt International Sa Ensemble de chauffage
CN114402696A (zh) * 2019-09-06 2022-04-26 日本烟草国际股份有限公司 薄膜加热器
US20230249752A1 (en) * 2022-02-08 2023-08-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Heated vehicle header
US11772706B2 (en) * 2022-02-08 2023-10-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Heated vehicle header
DE202022002800U1 (de) 2022-12-20 2023-06-29 Marquardt GmbH Durchleuchtbares Flächenheizelement
DE102022134064A1 (de) 2022-12-20 2024-06-20 Marquardt Gmbh Durchleuchtbares Flächenheizelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005055660A3 (fr) 2007-04-26
AT7326U1 (de) 2005-01-25
EP1730995A2 (fr) 2006-12-13

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