WO2005045547A1 - 太陽光発電装置 - Google Patents
太陽光発電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005045547A1 WO2005045547A1 PCT/JP2004/016592 JP2004016592W WO2005045547A1 WO 2005045547 A1 WO2005045547 A1 WO 2005045547A1 JP 2004016592 W JP2004016592 W JP 2004016592W WO 2005045547 A1 WO2005045547 A1 WO 2005045547A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- time
- solar
- output
- solar cell
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar power generation device using a solar cell.
- MPPT Force point tracking control
- the so-called hill-climbing method is known in which the operating point at which the output power of the solar panel is maximized by changing the point is known.
- FIG. 1 shows a general output current-output power-related static characteristic of a solar cell panel.
- the output current (horizontal axis) of the solar panel is varied to sample two output powers (vertical axis), and the maximum power point is searched based on the magnitude relation. For example, when the power at the operating points al and a2 (exploration area Sa) in Fig. 1 is sampled, the power at point a2 is larger than the power at point al, so the point a2 side, that is, the current increasing direction It can be seen that the maximum power point P exists.
- operating point cl and point c2 exploderation area S
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-68722 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-325031, BK Bose, PM bzczesny & RL bteigerwald: “Micro—computer control of a "Residential photovoltaic power condition system", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Application, Vol. IA- 21, PP. 1182-1191 (1985), and Kenji Takahara, Youichi Yamanouchi, Hideaki Kawaro, "Solar Power Generation System Using Adaptive Mountain Climbing" Maximum Power Acquisition Control ”, IEICE Transactions D, 121 Vol. 6, 689-694 (2001).
- the maximum power point can be accurately determined and searched quickly, so that the maximum power can be constantly output even when the power generation conditions fluctuate. become.
- a solar power generation device that outputs power generated by a solar cell panel via a DC-DC converter has a time differential value of an output voltage of the solar cell panel substantially.
- the DC-DC converter is controlled based on the output power of the solar cell panel at the time when the power becomes zero, and the maximum power condition of the solar cell panel is searched.
- a method of controlling a solar power generation device that outputs power generated by a solar cell panel via a DC-DC converter includes a method of controlling a time of an output voltage of the solar cell panel. Detecting a time point at which the differential value becomes substantially zero; and detecting the DC-DC converter based on the output power of the solar cell panel at the detected time point. And searching for the maximum power condition of the solar cell panel.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the output current and the output power of a solar cell panel in a static state.
- FIG. 2 shows a hysteresis loop based on dynamic characteristics of a solar cell panel.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the output voltage (V) and output power (P) and the output voltage (V) and output current (I) of the solar cell panel in a static state.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a general photovoltaic power generator.
- FIG. 5 shows how an operating point moves when a hysteresis loop occurs.
- FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit of a solar cell panel.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a solar power generation device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of a controller of the photovoltaic power generator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a controller of a photovoltaic power generator according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration example of a code switch.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration of a photovoltaic power generator according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows a response characteristic of the photovoltaic power generator according to the third embodiment to a search frequency.
- FIG. 13 shows convergence of search conditions of the photovoltaic power generator according to the third embodiment to a maximum power point.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the static characteristics of a solar cell panel (PV) in relation to the current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (PV) relationships.
- P is the maximum output power of the solar panel.
- the operating voltage Vop is changed based on the power change of the solar cell panel so as to approach the best operating point.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the output power of the solar panel as a function of the output voltage V as shown in FIG. 3, ⁇ , ⁇ is the amplitude of the sweep signal for exploration and has a positive value
- Pdil3 ⁇ 4Pdif ⁇ P (Vop + ⁇ V) —P (Vop— ⁇ V) be the power change.
- (i) Vop is increased when Pdif> 0,
- (ii) Vop is decreased when Pdif is 0, and
- the operating voltage Vop is adjusted by controlling the switching duty ratio of the DC-DC converter 11 shown in FIG. 4 by the control voltage Vc.
- the effect of C disappears, and it matches the static characteristics.
- the inventor pays attention to the behavior of the time differential value de (t) Zdt of the output voltage e ( t ) of the solar cell panel in the search for the maximum power condition, and detects the time point at which the time differential value de (t) Zdt becomes zero. As a result, it has been found that even when the operating voltage is swept at a high frequency, it is possible to appropriately search for the maximum power point.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a solar power generation device 1 according to the present invention.
- the power generated by the solar panel 10 is output to the load L via the DC-DC converter 11.
- the controller 20 detects the output power p (t) and the time differential value de (t) Zdt of the output voltage based on the output voltage e (t) and the output current i (t) of the solar cell panel 10.
- the calculation unit 20 detects a time point when de (t) Zdt becomes substantially zero, and calculates the output power p (t) at that time point.
- the calculation unit 20 calculates the power change Pdif ⁇ for the p (tl) and p (t2) forces. At this time, (i) feedback control of the DC-DC converter 11 to increase Vop when Pdif> 0, and (ii) feedback control of the DC-DC converter 11 to decrease Vop when Pdif is 0. I do.
- FIG. 8 shows a more detailed configuration of the controller 20 of the photovoltaic power generator according to the first embodiment.
- the output voltage e and the output current i of the solar panel 10 are input to the controller 20.
- the output voltage e is time-differentiated by the differentiator 22 and output to the calculation unit 23.
- the output voltage and the output current are multiplied by the multiplier 21 and output to the calculation unit 23 as the output power p of the solar cell panel.
- the calculation unit calculates when the time derivative deZdt of the output voltage e becomes substantially zero.
- Sample holding means 25 and 26 for detecting points tl and t2 are provided.
- the first sample hold means 25 holds the value of the output power p (tl) at the time point 1 when deZdt becomes substantially zero when the voltage differential signal rises.
- the second sample and hold means 26 holds the value of the output power p (t2) at the time t2 when deZdt becomes substantially zero when the voltage differential signal falls.
- the arithmetic unit 27 calculates the difference between the two sampled and held power outputs p (tl) and (t2), obtains the power change Pdif ⁇ , and outputs a control signal Vth corresponding to the power change to the comparator 28.
- the arithmetic unit 27 can realize more accurate convergence to the optimum value by further integrating or integrating the result of the difference calculation to obtain the control signal Vth to the comparator.
- the comparator 28 outputs a control signal Vc to the DC-DC converter 11 via the driver 24 based on a control signal Vth corresponding to the power change Pdif, and controls the operating voltage Vop.
- the search for the maximum power point P is realized by feedback-controlling the operating voltage Vop via the DC-DC converter 11 so that the power change Pdii3 ⁇ 4 converges to substantially zero.
- the comparator 28 compares a reference wave such as a triangular wave with a power change Pdif as a threshold, and generates a control signal Vc for controlling the duty ratio of switching of the DC-DC converter 11 according to the result.
- DC Output to DC converter 11. Note that the DC-DC converter 11 has the maximum power point P corresponding to the control signal Vc.
- the duty ratio of the switching that is, the electrical operating point is controlled so as to be bundled.
- the switching ripple component generated by the DC-DC converter 11 is used for the maximum power point search. can do.
- an oscillator that periodically varies the duty ratio of switching of the DC-DC converter 11 may be separately provided.
- the sample-and-hold means 25 and 26 can always accurately grasp the power value on the static characteristic even when a hysteresis loop occurs, so that the sweep frequency It is possible to quickly detect the maximum power point regardless of the above.
- FIG. 9 shows a more detailed configuration of the controller of the photovoltaic power generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Only the operation unit is different from the first embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the device of the first embodiment is obtained by the power change Pdif ⁇ differential operation in FIG. 7, but the device of the present embodiment is different in that it is obtained by the power change Pdil ⁇ differential operation.
- the time derivative dpZdt of the output power of the solar cell panel is used to calculate the power change Pdil ⁇ . That is, at the time points tl and t2 at which the voltage differential value becomes substantially zero, the power differential value dpZdt is definitely integrated from the time point tl to t2. More specifically, if the voltage derivative is deZdt> 0,
- the controller 20 of the present embodiment shown in Fig. 9 generates a control signal Vth 'corresponding to the power change Pdif by the above method. That is, the output power p (t) calculated by the multiplier 21 is time-differentiated by the differentiator 31 and fixedly integrated by the integrator via the sign switch.
- the synchronous rectifier 32 as a sign switch, an amplifier that inverts the sign of an input signal by a control signal SWsync as illustrated in FIG. 10 and outputs the inverted signal can be used.
- the control switch 232 is off, the input terminals of the amplifier 231 are equal to the input voltage Vin, so that no current flows through the resistors 233 and 235, so that non-inverting amplification is performed.
- the control switch 232 When the control switch 232 is on, the inverting input (1) of the amplifier 231 becomes equal to the ground potential, so that the inverting amplification occurs. As a result, the synchronous rectifier 32 switches the sign of the input signal Vi in synchronization with the control signal SWsync and outputs it.
- definite integration is repeated with time t2 as time tl in the next definite integration operation. That is, since the results of the respective definite integrations are integrated and input to the comparator 28, the integrator 33 performs an operation of sequentially calculating the definite integrations and integrating the results. Therefore, the integrator 33 only needs to have a function of continuously integrating the input signal with time. Specifically, an approximate integration circuit, a low-pass filter, or the like can be used.
- FIG. 11 shows a photovoltaic power generator according to this embodiment, which realizes the configuration of the present invention shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, and is obtained by using the power change Pdi differential operation as in the second embodiment. .
- Force voltage e is detected.
- the output current i of the solar cell panel 10 is detected by the detection resistor Ri and amplified by the transconductance amplifier 21a.
- the output voltage e is converted to a current corresponding to the voltage e by the current source 21b and supplied as a bias of the transconductance amplifier 21a, whereby the current i is multiplied by the voltage e, and the power value p is output from the buffer 21c. Is done.
- the power value p is time-differentiated by a differentiator 31 and input to a synchronous rectifier 32.
- the output voltage e is time-differentiated by the differentiator 22, compared and judged by the comparator 34, input to the control terminal of the synchronous rectifier 32, and performs the expression (4).
- the integrator 33 sequentially performs the operation of expression (5) on the output h (t) of the synchronous rectifier.
- the comparator 28 compares and judges the integration result using the triangular wave output from the oscillator 29 as a threshold and controls the duty ratio of the switching element SWchop of the DC-DC converter via the driver 24.
- the integrator 33 is constituted by an integration circuit that continuously integrates time, performs an operation of sequentially calculating definite integration and integrating the results, and generates a control signal Vth ′ corresponding to the power change Pdif. Then, output to the comparator 28.
- the expression is based on the voltage differential value deZdt.
- the integration range (tl ⁇ t ⁇ t2) of the definite integration represented by (5) is determined. Therefore, since the polarity of h (t) switches after time t2, in a new integration operation, time t2 is set anew as time tl, and deZdt further crosses zero to perform definite integration until time t2 at which the sign switches.
- the electrical operating point is periodically fluctuated, and the time integral of dpZdt from the instant 1 when the time differential value of the output voltage becomes zero to the instant t2 when the time derivative becomes zero again is obtained at the two points Pa and Pb on the static characteristics. A power difference is required.
- the integration is performed while changing the polarity of dpZdt in synchronization with the change in the sign of the time differential value deZdt of the output voltage, the integration result always indicates Pb-Pa, and the hysteresis loop is generated. Since the power difference between two points on the static characteristics can be detected, it is possible to search for the maximum power point. In addition, since such an operation is performed sequentially, the operating point of the solar panel 10 is quickly set to the maximum power point P
- the switching griple component generated by the DC-DC converter 11 can be used as a change in the electrical operating point for exploration. This is because the device of the present embodiment can sufficiently respond to the fluctuation speed of the switching ripple component. This is because the search for the maximum power condition can be performed as much as possible.
- the operating point fluctuation for the exploration may be generated by means for periodically changing the duty ratio of the switching element SWchop without using the switching ripple component.
- FIG. 12 shows the result of the search for the maximum power condition of the solar cell panel performed by the apparatus of the present embodiment.
- Curve II is the ideal frequency characteristic of the output of the solar panel when the maximum power condition is searched by manually adjusting the switching duty factor at each switching frequency.
- Curve III is the result of the conventional maximum power exploration method, and failed to search for an appropriate maximum power condition in the high frequency region (6 kHz or more)!
- the apparatus of the present embodiment as shown by curve I, even when the search speed is in the high-frequency region and the dynamic characteristics of the solar cell panel have a remarkable hysteresis loop, the ideal The results are comparable to the frequency characteristics.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples, and changes within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention are also included in the present invention.
- the power differential value detector and the voltage differentiator are configured by combining a plurality of detectors and calculators, but a detecting means that can directly obtain these differential values may be used.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/578,434 US20070137688A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | Photovoltaic power generator |
JP2005515350A JP4491622B2 (ja) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | 太陽光発電装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003380566 | 2003-11-10 | ||
JP2003-380566 | 2003-11-10 |
Publications (1)
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WO2005045547A1 true WO2005045547A1 (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
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PCT/JP2004/016592 WO2005045547A1 (ja) | 2003-11-10 | 2004-11-09 | 太陽光発電装置 |
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US (1) | US20070137688A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4491622B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005045547A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2009206536A (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-09-10 | Daihen Corp | 高周波検出装置 |
WO2013080835A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | オムロン株式会社 | 充電制御装置、太陽光発電システム、および充電制御方法 |
JP2020201720A (ja) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 制御システム、電力変換システム、制御方法、及びプログラム |
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- 2004-11-09 JP JP2005515350A patent/JP4491622B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (6)
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JP2009206536A (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-09-10 | Daihen Corp | 高周波検出装置 |
WO2013080835A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | オムロン株式会社 | 充電制御装置、太陽光発電システム、および充電制御方法 |
JP2013115993A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Omron Corp | 充電制御装置、太陽光発電システム、および充電制御方法 |
US9337682B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2016-05-10 | Omron Corporation | Charging control device, solar power generation system and charging control method |
JP2020201720A (ja) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-17 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 制御システム、電力変換システム、制御方法、及びプログラム |
JP7336660B2 (ja) | 2019-06-10 | 2023-09-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 制御システム、電力変換システム、制御方法、及びプログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4491622B2 (ja) | 2010-06-30 |
US20070137688A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
JPWO2005045547A1 (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
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