WO2005040903A1 - ベンド配向モードまたはハイブリッド配向モードの液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
ベンド配向モードまたはハイブリッド配向モードの液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005040903A1 WO2005040903A1 PCT/JP2004/016021 JP2004016021W WO2005040903A1 WO 2005040903 A1 WO2005040903 A1 WO 2005040903A1 JP 2004016021 W JP2004016021 W JP 2004016021W WO 2005040903 A1 WO2005040903 A1 WO 2005040903A1
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- liquid crystal
- optically anisotropic
- film
- anisotropic layer
- optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133632—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with refractive index ellipsoid inclined relative to the LC-layer surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
- G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/10—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate
- G02F2413/105—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate with varying inclination in thickness direction, e.g. hybrid oriented discotic LC
Definitions
- Liquid crystal having liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having a bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate, and an optical compensation film.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell and a pair of polarizing plates disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal cell includes rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules, two substrates for enclosing the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules, and an electrode layer for applying a voltage to the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules.
- an alignment film is provided on the two substrates.
- an optical compensation film is often provided between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate.
- the laminate of the polarizing plate (polarizing film) and the optical compensation film functions as an elliptically polarizing plate.
- the optical compensation film is provided with a function of expanding the viewing angle of the liquid crystal cell.
- Stretched birefringent films have been conventionally used as optical compensation films.
- optical compensation film having an optically anisotropic layer containing a discotic compound instead of the stretched birefringent film (for example, see Patent Documents 114).
- the optically anisotropic layer is formed by orienting the disc-shaped conjugate and fixing the orientation state.
- Discotic compounds generally have a large birefringence.
- the disc-shaped conjugate has various orientation forms. Therefore, by using the disc-shaped conjugate, it is possible to produce an optical compensation film having optical properties that cannot be obtained with a conventional stretched birefringent film.
- a liquid crystal display device using a bend alignment mode liquid crystal cell in which rod-like liquid crystal molecules are oriented (symmetrically) in substantially opposite directions at the upper and lower portions of the liquid crystal cell has been proposed.
- rod-like liquid crystalline molecules are symmetrical at the top and bottom of the liquid crystal cell. Since the liquid crystal cell is oriented, the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode has a self-optical compensation function. Therefore, this liquid crystal mode is also called OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend) liquid crystal mode.
- OCB Optically Compensatory Bend
- the self-compensation effect similar to that of the liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment mode can be obtained even when the liquid crystal cell of the no.
- the hybrid orientation mode is also called a HAN (Hybrid-alignment-nematic) mode.
- the bend alignment mode and the hybrid alignment mode are characterized in that the viewing angle is wide and the response speed is high, as compared with general liquid crystal modes (TN mode and STN mode).
- general liquid crystal modes TN mode and STN mode.
- further improvements are needed when compared to CRTs.
- the conventional optical compensatory film which also has a stretched birefringent film strength has an insufficient optical compensatory function in a liquid crystal display device having a bend alignment mode / a hybrid alignment.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-214116
- Patent Document 2 US Pat. No. 5,583,679
- Patent Document 3 US Pat. No. 5,646,703
- Patent Document 4 German Patent Application Publication No. 3911620A1
- Patent Document 5 US Pat. No. 4,583,825
- Patent Document 6 US Pat. No. 5,410,422
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-9-1977397
- Patent Document 8 International Publication No. 96Z37804 pamphlet
- Patent Document 9 JP-A-11-316378
- Patent Document 10 Patent No. 3056997
- Patent Document 11 JP-A-2002-40429
- An object of the present invention is to appropriately compensate a liquid crystal cell in a bend alignment mode or a hybrid alignment mode optically, and to display a good image in which contrast is high, color change is small, and gradation inversion does not occur. is there.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily checking whether or not an optical compensation film used in a liquid crystal display device has appropriate optical rules.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an inspection device for an optical compensation film. Means for solving the problem
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device of the following [1]-[14], an inspection method of an optical compensation film of [15] and [16], and an optical compensation film of [17] and [18]. Achieved by inspection equipment.
- a liquid crystal display device having a bend alignment mode liquid crystal cell and a pair of polarizing plates disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, wherein at least one of the polarizing plates is a polarizing film and a polarizing film.
- the optical compensation film composed of at least two optically anisotropic layers disposed on the liquid crystal cell side also serves as a force, and in the polarizing plate, the first optically anisotropic layer is formed from a disc-shaped compound having a hybrid orientation.
- the second optically anisotropic layer becomes a cellulose ester film, and the angle between the maximum refractive index direction in the plane of the first optically anisotropic layer and the transmission axis in the plane of the polarizing film is substantially 45 °.
- the polarizing film, the first optically anisotropic layer, and the second optically anisotropic layer such that the maximum refractive index direction in the plane of the optically anisotropic layer and the in-plane transmission axis of the polarizing film are substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular.
- the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode, the first optically anisotropic layer, and the second optically anisotropic layer are used for measurement at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm.
- the Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re ( ⁇ 40 °) values of the optical compensation film at a wavelength of 546 nm are in the range of 30 ⁇ 10 nm, 50 ⁇ 10 nm, and 115 ⁇ 10 nm, respectively.
- a reflective liquid crystal display device having a reflector, a liquid crystal cell in a hybrid alignment mode, and a polarizing plate in this order, wherein the polarizing plate is disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing film and the polarizing film.
- the polarizing plate is formed of an optical compensation film comprising at least two optically anisotropic layers, wherein the first optically anisotropic layer is formed into a hybrid-oriented disc-shaped bonding material, and the second optically anisotropic layer is formed of a cellulose ester.
- the angle between the maximum refractive index direction in the plane of the first optically anisotropic layer and the transmission axis in the plane of the polarizing film is substantially 45 °, and the film strength in the plane of the second optically anisotropic layer is
- the polarizing film, the first optically anisotropic layer, and the second optically anisotropic layer are arranged so that the direction of maximum refractive index and the in-plane transmission axis of the polarizing film are substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to each other.
- Hybrid alignment mode liquid crystal cell Hybrid alignment mode liquid crystal cell, first optically anisotropic layer and Second optical anisotropic layer, wavelength 450 nm, in any of the measurement of the wavelength of 550nm and the wavelength 630 nm, a liquid crystal display device characterized by having an optical property that satisfies the following formula (5):
- the optical compensation film has Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re ( ⁇ 40 °) values at wavelength 546 nm of 30 ⁇ 10 nm, 50 ⁇ 10 nm, and 115 ⁇ 10 nm, respectively. 8] wherein Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re (-40 °) are the in-plane direction in which the in-plane refractive index of the optical compensation film is the minimum and the optical compensation Normal direction, normal force in a plane including the normal line of the film Direction inclined by 40 ° in the in-plane direction where the in-plane refractive index is minimum, and directional force inclined by 40 ° from the normal line It represents the measured retardation value of the optical compensation film.
- the light transmittance is measured with the optical compensation film and a pair of Glan Thompson prisms placed so that the light transmittance is minimized, and it is confirmed that the value represented by the following equation is equal to or less than a certain value. Inspection method of optical compensation film:
- T is the light transmittance when the optical compensation film and the pair of Glan-Thompson prisms are arranged so that the light transmittance is minimized;
- C is the light transmittance with only one pair of Gran Thompson prisms in a cross-col configuration].
- An inspection device for an optical compensation film having an optically anisotropic layer formed from a liquid crystal compound and a transparent support comprising: a light source, a pair of Glan-Thompson prisms, and a space between the prisms.
- the optical compensating film is characterized in that it has a light receiving portion that can measure the amount of light that has passed through the compensating film.
- the value of (An x d) Z (Rel XRth2) varies depending on the measurement wavelength. In some cases.
- the value of ( ⁇ d) / (Rel XRth2) was measured at any of the wavelengths 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm in order to properly compensate the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode over the entire visible region. Is adjusted to be in an optimal range, that is, the value of the above formula (1) or (5).
- the second optically anisotropic layer satisfying the value of the above formula (1) can be realized with one cellulose ester film.
- the cellulose ester film also functions as a support for the first optically anisotropic layer (a layer in which a hybrid oriented disc-like material is also formed). Therefore, when the second optically anisotropic layer is a cellulose ester film, the same formula (layer formed from a cellulose ester film and a hybrid oriented disc-shaped conjugate) as in the conventional optical compensation film, and the above formula ( The value of (1) or (5) can be satisfied.
- birefringence modes represented by bend alignment mode and hybrid alignment mode In a liquid crystal display device, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules inside a liquid crystal cell is very complicated, and an optical compensation film optimal for viewing angle compensation cannot be represented by a conventional refractive index ellipsoid.
- the present inventors have found that there is a correlation between the retardation value of the optical compensation film at various viewing angles and the contrast viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device. Further, the present inventor has found that the in-plane refractive index from the normal direction and the normal in the plane including the in-plane direction where the in-plane refractive index of the optical compensation film is minimized and the normal to the optical compensation film. Direction tilted by 40 ° in the direction of the minimum plane, normal force Directional force tilted by 40 ° Conversely The measured retardation value of the optical compensation film and the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device correlate very well. I figured out what to do.
- the plane including the in-plane direction in which the in-plane refractive index of the optical compensation film is minimum and the normal line of the optical compensation film are generally formed in a roll-shaped long optical compensation film (in the stage of manufacturing the optical compensation film). This corresponds to a plane that includes 45 ° and a normal line in the direction in which the in-plane refractive index becomes smaller than the longitudinal direction.
- the Re (0 °) at a wavelength of 546 nm measured by KOBRA21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) is used.
- Re (40 °) and Re ( ⁇ 40 °) were found to be preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ 10 nm, 50 ⁇ 10 nm and 115 ⁇ 10 nm, respectively.
- Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re (—40 °) are inclined by 40 ° in the in-plane direction where the in-plane refractive index is the minimum in the normal direction and normal force as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the orientation of a liquid crystal compound in a bend alignment liquid crystal cell.
- the bend alignment liquid crystal cell has a structure in which a liquid crystal conjugate (11) is sealed between an upper substrate (14a) and a lower substrate (14b).
- the liquid crystal conjugate (11) used in the bend alignment liquid crystal cell generally has a positive dielectric anisotropy.
- the upper substrate (14a) of the liquid crystal cell The lower substrate (14b) has an alignment film (12a, 12b) and an electrode layer (13a, 13b), respectively.
- the alignment film has a function of aligning the rod-like liquid crystal molecules (11a-llj).
- RD is the rubbing direction of the alignment film.
- the electrode layer has a function of applying a voltage to the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules (11a-llj).
- the liquid crystal molecules (l lf-1 l lj) on the side are oriented in the opposite direction (vertically symmetric).
- the rod-like liquid crystal molecules (l la, l ib, l li, and l lj) near the substrates (14a, 14b) are oriented almost horizontally, and the rod-like liquid crystal molecules (l id- l lg) is oriented almost vertically.
- the rod-like liquid crystalline molecules (l la, l lj) near the substrates (14a, 14b) remain oriented substantially horizontally.
- the rod-like liquid crystal molecules (l le, l lf) at the center of the liquid crystal cell remain almost vertically aligned.
- the liquid crystal molecules (1 lb, l lc, l ld, l lg, l lh, l li) located between the substrate and the center of the liquid crystal cell change the alignment with an increase in the voltage. Is more vertically oriented than in the off state.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a polarizing plate.
- the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 2 includes a first optically anisotropic layer (31) containing a discotic compound (31a-31e), a second optically anisotropic layer (33) containing at least one cellulose ester film, and a polarizing film.
- the laminate strength of (34) is also obtained.
- the polarizing plate shown in FIG. 2 has an alignment film (32) between the first optically anisotropic layer (31) and the second optically anisotropic layer (33).
- the discotic conjugates (31a-31e) of the first optically anisotropic layer (31) are planar molecules. Discotic compounds (3 la-31e) have only one plane in the molecule, the disc surface.
- the disk surface is inclined with respect to the surface of the second optically anisotropic layer (33).
- the angle (inclination angle) between the disk surface and the second optically anisotropic layer surface increases as the distance from the disk-shaped conjugate to the alignment film increases.
- the average tilt angle is preferably in the range of 15 to 50 °.
- the average of the direction (PL) in which the normal (NL) of the disk surface of the discotic compound (31a-31e) is orthogonally projected onto the second optically anisotropic layer (33) is the rubbing direction (RD) of the alignment film (32). ) And antiparallel relationship.
- the average direction of the orthogonal projection of the normal of the disk surface of the discotic compound onto the second optically anisotropic layer, and the in-plane slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) To 45 °. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the polarizing plate, the angle ( ⁇ ) between the rubbing direction (RD) of the alignment film (32) and the in-plane slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer is substantially 45 °. It may be adjusted as follows.
- the in-plane slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer and the in-plane transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34) are substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular.
- the second optically anisotropic layer and the polarizing film are arranged.
- one sheet of the second optically anisotropic layer is arranged in parallel.
- the in-plane slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) basically corresponds to the stretching direction of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the in-plane transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34) basically corresponds to a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the polarizing film.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a bend alignment type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 3 also has a bend alignment liquid crystal cell (10), a pair of polarizing plates (31A-34A, 31B-34B) arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, and a backlight (BL) force.
- the bend alignment liquid crystal cell (10) corresponds to the liquid crystal cell shown in FIG.
- the upper and lower rubbing directions (RD2, RD3) of the liquid crystal cell (10) are in the same direction (parallel).
- the polarizing plate comprises a first optically anisotropic layer (31A, 31B), a second optically anisotropic layer (33A, 33B) and a polarizing film (34A, 34B) laminated in this order from the liquid crystal cell (10) side.
- the rubbing directions (RD1, RD4) of the disc-shaped conjugate of the first optically anisotropic layer (31A, 3IB) are antiparallel to the rubbing directions (RD2, RD3) of the facing liquid crystal cell.
- the rubbing direction (RD1, RD4) of the disc-shaped conjugate is antiparallel to the average direction in which the normal of the disc surface is orthogonally projected onto the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the in-plane slow axes (SA1, SA2) of the second optically anisotropic layers (33A, 33B) and the in-plane transmission axes (TA1, TA2) of the polarizing films (34A, 34B) are the same as those of the disc-shaped conjugate.
- the angle is substantially 45 ° on the same plane as the rubbing directions (RD1, RD4).
- the two polarizing films (34A, 34B) are arranged (cross-col) so that their in-plane transmission axes (T Al, TA2) are orthogonal to each other.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship of optical compensation in a bend alignment type liquid crystal display device.
- the bend alignment liquid crystal cell (10) is composed of the first optically anisotropic layers (31A, 31B) and the second optically anisotropic layers (33A, 33B). And compensate optically.
- the liquid crystal molecules of the bend alignment liquid crystal cell (10) correspond to the discotic compounds of the first optically anisotropic layers (31A, 31B) (ac, eg) to optically compensate.
- the second optically anisotropic layers (33A, 33B) are designed to correspond (d, h) to the liquid crystal molecules that are aligned substantially vertically in the center of the bend alignment liquid crystal cell (10). Have been. Note that the ellipses entered in the second optically anisotropic layers (33A and 33B) are refractive index ellipses generated by optical anisotropy.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing various aspects of the polarizing plate.
- the al mode in FIG. 5 corresponds to the most basic polarizing plate shown in FIG.
- the first optically anisotropic layer (31), the second optically anisotropic layer (33) and the polarizing film (34) are laminated in this order.
- the angle between the rubbing direction (RD) of the disc-shaped compound and the slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) is substantially 45 °, and the second optically anisotropic layer (33)
- the slow axis (SA) is substantially parallel to the transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34).
- the first optically anisotropic layer (31), the second optically anisotropic layer (33), and the polarizing film (34) are laminated in this order.
- the angle between the rubbing direction (RD) of the disc-shaped compound and the slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) is substantially 45 °, and the second optically anisotropic layer (33)
- the slow axis (SA) is substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34).
- a second optically anisotropic layer (33), a first optically anisotropic layer (31), and a polarizing film (34) are laminated in this order.
- the angle between the rubbing direction (RD) of the disc-shaped composite and the slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) is substantially 45 °, and the second optically anisotropic layer (33) Is slow and the transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34) is substantially parallel.
- the second optically anisotropic layer (33), the first optically anisotropic layer (31) and the polarizing film (34) are laminated in this order.
- the angle between the rubbing direction (RD) of the disc-shaped compound and the slow axis (SA) of the second optically anisotropic layer (33) is substantially 45 °, and the second optically anisotropic layer (33)
- the slow axis (SA) is substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis (TA) of the polarizing film (34).
- the second optically anisotropic layer also has a cellulose ester film strength.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device of the hybrid alignment mode includes a reflector, a liquid crystal cell of the hybrid alignment mode, an optical compensation film, and a polarizing plate in this order. Light incident from the polarizing plate side passes through the polarizing plate, the optical compensation film, the liquid crystal cell, the reflector, the liquid crystal cell, the optical compensation film, and the polarizing plate in this order. Light passing twice through the liquid crystal cell in the hybrid alignment mode via the reflector has the same self-optical compensation effect as light passing once through the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device in the hybrid alignment mode has the same optical effect as a bend alignment type liquid crystal display device having a polarizing plate, an optical compensation film, a liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode, an optical compensation film, and a polarizing plate in this order.
- the liquid crystal cell, the first optically anisotropic layer, and the second optically anisotropic layer of the liquid crystal display device in the bend alignment mode have the following formula (1) in any of the measurements at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. It has optical characteristics satisfying the following.
- ⁇ is the intrinsic birefringence of rod-like liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell.
- d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell in nm.
- Re 1 is the in-plane retardation value of the first optically anisotropic layer.
- Rth2 is the retardation value in the thickness direction of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- liquid crystal cell, the first optically anisotropic layer, and the second optically anisotropic layer of the liquid crystal display device in the hybrid alignment mode satisfy the following equation (5) at any of the wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 630 nm. Optical characteristics.
- ⁇ , d, Rel, and Rth2 have the same definition as in Expression (1).
- ⁇ and d will be described in [Liquid Crystal Display]
- Rel will be described in [First Optical Anisotropic Layer]
- Rth2 will be described in [Second Optical Anisotropic Layer].
- the values of Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re ( ⁇ 40 °) at a wavelength of 546 nm may be in the range of 30 ⁇ 10 nm, 50 ⁇ 10 nm, and 115 ⁇ lOnm, respectively. preferable. More preferably, they are in the range of 30 ⁇ 5 nm, 50 ⁇ 5 nm, and 115 ⁇ 5 nm, respectively.
- Re (0 °), Re (40 °), and Re (-40 °) are planes including the in-plane direction where the in-plane refractive index of the optical compensation film is minimized and the normal line of the optical compensation film ( (Substantially the same as the plane including the normal and the direction in which the in-plane refractive index becomes 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the optical compensation film).
- Direction tilted by 40 ° in the direction of 45 ° and direction tilted by 40 ° in the direction opposite to the normal force Indicates the retardation value of the measured optical compensation film.
- the optical compensation film does not have a direction in which the retardation value becomes zero, and preferably has no optical axis.
- the optical compensation film generally has an optically anisotropic layer formed from a liquid crystal compound and a transparent support.
- the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer usually coincides with or orthogonal to the average direction of the orthogonal projection of the molecular symmetry axis of the liquid crystalline compound onto the support surface.
- the slow axis of the transparent support and the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer are neither orthogonal nor parallel.
- the present inventors have found that by setting a pair of polarizers and an optical compensation film in a specific arrangement, the transmittance of the optical compensation film and the contrast when mounted on a liquid crystal display device are correlated. was found.
- the present inventor has found that by setting the incident-side polarizer, the optical compensation film, and the output-side polarizer in a specific arrangement, the emitted light becomes very close to linearly polarized light. And it discovered that the transmittance
- the light transmittance changes depending on the arrangement of the polarizer and the optical compensation film
- the light transmittance may be represented by the minimum light transmittance.
- the transmission axis of the incident light side polarizer is placed at 90 °
- the slow axis of the transparent support is placed at 20 °
- the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer is placed at 155 °.
- the transmission axis of the element is 182 °, the light transmittance is minimized.
- an optical compensation film having an optically anisotropic layer formed of a liquid crystalline compound and a transparent support is sandwiched between a pair of Gran Thompson prisms, and light is transmitted through the optical compensation film and the pair of Gran Thompson prisms.
- the optical compensation film can be inspected by measuring the light transmittance in a state where the light transmittance is minimized and confirming that the value represented by the following formula is not more than a certain value. If the value represented by the following equation is equal to or less than a certain value, it can be determined that the product is good.
- T is the light transmittance in a state where the optical compensation film and the pair of Glan-Thompson prisms are arranged so that the light transmittance is minimized.
- P is the light transmittance when only a pair of Gran Thompson prisms are arranged in a parallel arrangement.
- C is the light transmittance when only a pair of Glan-Thompson prisms are arranged in a cross-col arrangement.
- the constant value can generally be set to 0.005.
- the value of 100 X (T—C) Z (P—C) is preferably 0.004 or less, more preferably 0.003 or less.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining an inspection device for an optical compensation film.
- the inspection device shown in Fig. 6 consists of a light source, a pair of Glan-Thompson prisms (polarizers), an optical compensation film holder for placing the optical compensation film in the space between the prisms, and a pair of Glan-Thompson prisms (polarizers).
- polarizers Glan-Thompson prisms
- polarizers Glan-Thompson prisms
- They are independently rotated about the optical path. It comprises a rotating mechanism for rotating the light source, and a light receiving unit (photomultiplier) capable of measuring the amount of light that the light of the light source has passed through the pair of Glan-Thompson prisms and the optical compensation film.
- the optical compensation film holder also has a rotation mechanism for rotating around the optical path, similarly to the prism.
- the retardation value (Rth2) in the thickness direction of the second optically anisotropic layer is preferably from 70 to 40 Onm. More preferably, it is from 250 to 250 nm.
- the preferred range of the in-plane retardation value (Re2) of the second optically anisotropic layer differs depending on the arrangement with the polarizing film transmission axis.
- Re2 is more preferably 1 to 20 nm, more preferably 1 to 15 nm.
- Re2 is more preferably 30 to 60 nm, preferably 20 to 100 nm.
- the in-plane birefringence ( ⁇ : ⁇ ny) of the second optically anisotropic layer is preferably from 0.00025 to 0.00088.
- the birefringence ⁇ (nx + ny) Z2-nz ⁇ in the thickness direction of the second optically anisotropic layer is preferably 0.00088 to 0.005! / ⁇ .
- the second optically anisotropic layer is made of a cellulose ester film.
- the cellulose ester film preferably has a light transmittance of 80% or more!
- the cellulose ester is preferably a lower fatty acid ester of cellulose.
- Lower fatty acid means a fatty acid having 6 or less carbon atoms.
- Acetic acid (cellulose acetate) which is preferably a fatty acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, is particularly preferred.
- Mixed fatty acid esters such as cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate may be used.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose acetate is preferably 250 or more, more preferably 290 or more.
- Cellulose acetate preferably has a narrow molecular weight distribution of MwZMn (Mw is mass average molecular weight, Mn is number average molecular weight) determined by gel permeation chromatography.
- MwZMn mass average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the specific value of Mw / Mn is preferably from 1.0 to 3, and more preferably from 1.0 to 1.7.
- the acetylation degree of cellulose acetate is preferably 55.0 to 62.5%, more preferably 57.0 to 62.0%.
- the degree of vinegar means the amount of bound acetic acid per unit mass of cellulose.
- the degree of acetylation is determined by measuring and calculating the degree of acetylation in AST M: D-817-91 (test method for cellulose acetate and the like).
- the degree of substitution at the 6-position tends to be smaller than when the hydroxyls at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions of cellulose are evenly replaced.
- the degree of substitution at the 6-position of cellulose is preferably equal to or greater than that of the second and third positions.
- the ratio of the substitution degree at the 6-position to the total substitution degree at the 2-, 3-, and 6-positions is preferably 30 to 40%, more preferably 31 to 40%, and 32 to 40. % Is most preferred.
- the degree of substitution at the 6-position is preferably 0.88 or more.
- a retardation increasing agent may be added to adjust the optical anisotropy.
- the retardation raising agent is preferably an aromatic compound having at least two aromatic rings.
- the aromatic compound is preferably used in the range of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer. Further, two or more aromatic compounds may be used in combination.
- the aromatic ring of the aromatic compound includes an aromatic hetero ring in addition to the aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
- the hygroscopic expansion coefficient of the cellulose ester the following most 30 X 10- 5 Z% RH or less preferably tool 15 X 1 0- 5 Z% RH or less and more preferably tool 10 X 10- 5 Z% RH preferable.
- hygroscopic Rise expansion coefficient smaller, usually equal to or greater than the value 1.
- 0 X 10- 5 Z% RH The coefficient of hygroscopic expansion indicates the amount of change in the sample length when the relative humidity is changed at a constant temperature. By adjusting the coefficient of hygroscopic expansion, the optical compensation function of the optical compensation film is maintained. It is possible to prevent a frame-shaped increase in transmittance (light leakage due to distortion) while holding.
- a sample of 5 mm in width and 20 mm in length is first cut out from a cellulose ester, and one end is fixed and hung under an atmosphere of 25 ° C and 20% RH (R0). Hang a 0.5g weight on the other end, leave for 10 minutes and measure the length (LO). Next, the temperature is kept at 25 ° C, the humidity is set to 80% RH (R1), and the length (L1) is measured.
- the coefficient of hygroscopic expansion is calculated by the following formula. Perform the measurement on 10 samples of the same sample, and use the average value.
- Hygroscopic expansion coefficient [Z% RH] ⁇ (L1-L0) / L0 ⁇ / (R1-R0)
- a hydrophobic compound In order to reduce the dimensional change due to moisture absorption of the cellulose ester, it is preferable to add a hydrophobic compound.
- the hydrophobic compound may be in a state of fine particles. It is preferable that the hydrophobic compound is also used by selecting a plasticizer or a deterioration preventing agent.
- the hydrophobic compound preferably has a hydrocarbon group (aliphatic group, aromatic group) as the hydrophobic group.
- the amount of the hydrophobic compound to be added is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass of the prepared polymer solution (dope).
- the free volume in the cellulose ester film In order to reduce the dimensional change due to moisture absorption of the cellulose ester film, it is also effective to reduce the free volume in the cellulose ester film. For example, when the amount of the residual solvent in the solvent casting method described later is reduced, the free volume is reduced. It is preferable to dry the cellulose ester film under the condition that the amount of the residual solvent with respect to the cell ester film is 0.01 to 1.00% by mass.
- additives for the cellulose ester film include an ultraviolet ray inhibitor, a release agent, an antistatic agent, and a deterioration inhibitor (eg, an antioxidant, a peroxide decomposer, a radical inhibitor, a metal inactive agent). Agents, acid scavengers, amines) and infrared absorbers.
- the types and amounts of additives in each layer may be different. Additives are described on pages 16 to 22 of Hatsumei Kyokai Disclosure Technical Publication No. 2001-1745.
- the amount of additive used is generally in the range of 0.001 to 25% by weight of the cellulose ester film.
- the cellulose ester film is preferably produced by a solvent casting method.
- a solution of cellulose ester dissolved in an organic solvent (dope) To produce a film.
- the dope is cast on a drum or band and the solvent is evaporated to form a film.
- the concentration of the dope before casting is preferably adjusted so that the solid content is 18 to 35%. It is preferable that the surface of the drum or the band is finished in a mirror state.
- the dope is preferably cast on a drum or band having a surface temperature of 10 ° C. or lower. After casting, it is preferable to dry by blowing in air for 2 seconds or more. The resulting film can also be stripped of drum or banding power, and further dried with high-temperature air with successively varying temperatures from 100 to 160 ° C to evaporate residual solvent.
- the above method is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-17844. According to this method, the time from casting to stripping can be shortened. In order to carry out this method, the dope needs to be gelled at the surface temperature of the drum or band at the time of casting.
- two or more types of cellulose ester solutions may be co-cast simultaneously or sequentially.
- a method of co-casting a plurality of cellulose ester solutions includes a method in which a plurality of casting ports provided at intervals in the traveling direction of the support and a solution containing the cellulose ester are respectively cast and laminated.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-198285 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-198285
- a method of casting a cellulose ester solution with two casting mouth forces Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-134933
- wrapping a flow of a high-viscosity cellulose ester solution with a low-viscosity cellulose ester solution wrapping a flow of a high-viscosity cellulose ester solution with a low-viscosity cellulose ester solution.
- a method of simultaneously extruding the high and low viscosity cellulose ester solutions described in JP-A-56-162617.
- the thickness of the cellulose ester film is preferably 15 to 120 m, more preferably 30 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the cellulose ester film is preferably subjected to a surface treatment.
- Surface treatments include corona discharge treatment, glow discharge treatment, flame treatment, acid treatment, alkali treatment and ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
- the surface treatment is based on the Invention Association Open Technical Bulletin No. 2001-1745 See page 30-page 32.
- Alkali treatment is preferred.
- the alkali treatment functions as a saponification treatment (alkali siding treatment) for the cellulose ester film.
- the alkaline squeezing treatment is carried out by dipping the cellulose ester film in the squeezed liquid and applying the squeezed liquid to the cellulose ester film.
- a coating method is preferred. Coating methods include dip coating, curtain coating, etastrusion coating, bar coating, and E-type coating.
- the alkali is preferably an alkali metal (eg, potassium or sodium) hydroxide. That is, the alkali treatment liquid is preferably a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. The specified concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is preferably 0.1 to 3.ON.
- Solvents, surfactants, and wetting agents eg, diol, glycerin
- Solvents, surfactants, and wetting agents eg, diol, glycerin
- Performance can be improved.
- Alcohol eg, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, methanol, ethanol
- the additives of the alkali treatment liquid are described in JP-A-2002-82226 and WO02 / 46809.
- an undercoat layer (described in the official gazette of JP-A-7-333433) may be provided.
- a plurality of undercoat layers may be provided.
- a polymer layer containing both a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group is provided as a first undercoat layer, and a hydrophilic polymer layer that is in close contact with the alignment film is provided thereon as a second undercoat layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-248940).
- the alignment film has a function of defining the alignment direction of the disc-shaped conjugate of the first optically anisotropic layer. Therefore, the alignment film is indispensable for forming the first optically anisotropic layer. If the alignment state is fixed after aligning the discotic compound, the role of the alignment film is terminated. Therefore, the alignment film is not essential as a component of the manufactured liquid crystal display device. For example, a first optically anisotropic layer having a fixed orientation state is transferred onto a second optically anisotropic layer, and an orientation film is formed between the first and second optically anisotropic layers. It is also possible to produce a liquid crystal display device without. However, in general Comprises providing an alignment film between the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the alignment film is formed by rubbing an organic compound (preferably a polymer), oblique vapor deposition of an inorganic compound, forming a layer having microgroups, or an organic compound (eg, a LB film) by the Langmuir's project method (LB film). It can be provided by such means as accumulation of ⁇ -tricosanoic acid, dioctadecylmethylammonium-dimethyl chloride, methyl stearylate). Further, there is known an alignment film in which an alignment function is generated by application of an electric field, a magnetic field, or light irradiation.
- the alignment film is preferably formed by rubbing a polymer.
- the polymer used for the alignment film has, in principle, a molecular structure capable of aligning liquid crystal molecules.
- the polymer used for the alignment film preferably has a function of fixing the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in addition to the function of aligning the liquid crystal molecules.
- a side chain having a crosslinkable functional group e.g., a double bond
- a crosslinkable functional group having a function of aligning liquid crystal molecules is introduced into the side chain of the polymer.
- the polymer used for the alignment film is preferably crosslinkable by a force capable of crosslinking itself or by using a crosslinking agent.
- Crosslinkable polymers are described in JP-A-8-338913, paragraph [0022].
- Examples of crosslinkable polymers include polymethacrylate, polystyrene, polyolefin, polybutyl alcohol, modified polybutyl alcohol, poly ( ⁇ -methylolacrylamide), polyester, polyimide, polyacetate vinyl, carboxymethylcellulose, polycarbonate, and the like. Is included.
- a silane coupling agent can be used as the polymer.
- Gelatin which is preferably a water-soluble polymer (eg, poly ((-methylolacrylamide), carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, and modified polyvinyl alcohol), is more preferred, and polybutyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred.
- Modified polypropylene alcohol is most preferred. It is particularly preferable to use two or more kinds of polyvinyl alcohols or modified polyvinyl alcohols having different degrees of polymerization.
- the degree of degradation of the polybutyl alcohol is preferably 70 to 100%, more preferably 80 to 100%.
- Polyvinyl alcohol should have a polymerization degree of 100 to 5000.
- Powerful side chains that have the function of aligning liquid crystal molecules generally have a hydrophobic group as a functional group. To do. The specific type of the functional group is determined according to the type of the liquid crystal molecule and the required alignment state.
- the modifying group of the modified polyvinyl alcohol can be introduced by copolymerization modification, chain transfer modification or block polymerization modification.
- the modifying group include a hydrophilic group (eg, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, an amido-ammo, an amide, and a thiol), a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 100 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-substituted group.
- hydrocarbon groups includes hydrocarbon groups, alkylthio groups, polymerizable groups (eg, unsaturated polymerizable groups, epoxy groups, aziridinyl groups), and alkoxysilyl groups (trialkoxysilyl, dialkoxysilyl, monoalkoxysilyl).
- Modified polybutyl alcohol is described in JP-A-2000-155216 and JP-A-2002-62426.
- the modified polyvinyl alcohol is a reaction product of a compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II) with polybutyl alcohol.
- R 1 is an alkyl group, or is an alkyl group substituted with an attaryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, or an epoxy group.
- W is a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- X is an atomic group necessary for forming an active ester, an acid anhydride or an acid halide. 1 is 0 or 1.
- n is an integer from 0 to 4.
- formula ( ⁇ ), ⁇ 1 is an atomic group required in order to form an active ester, acid anhydride or acid Harogeni ⁇ .
- m is an integer of 2 to 24.
- the position of the alignment film is reduced.
- the rimer and the polyfunctional monomer contained in the first optically anisotropic layer can be copolymerized.
- the strength of the optical compensation film can be remarkably improved by introducing a crosslinkable functional group into the polymer of the alignment film.
- the crosslinkable functional group of the alignment film polymer is preferably a polymerizable group, as described in paragraph No. 0080-0100 of JP-A-2000-155216.
- the polymer of the alignment film can be crosslinked using a crosslinking agent separately from the crosslinkable functional group.
- Crosslinking agents include aldehydes, N-methylol compounds, dioxane derivatives, compounds acting by activating carboxyl groups, active vinyl compounds, active halogen compounds, isoxazole and dialdehyde starch. Two or more crosslinking agents may be used in combination.
- the crosslinking agent is described in JP-A-2002-62426. Aldehydes having high reaction activity, particularly datalaldehyde, are preferred.
- the addition amount of the crosslinking agent is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably from 0.5 to 15% by mass, based on the polymer.
- the amount of the unreacted crosslinking agent remaining in the alignment film is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the degree of crosslinking In the rubbing step, it is preferable to increase the degree of crosslinking in order to suppress dust generation of the alignment film.
- the ratio (MaZMb) of the amount of cross-linking agent remaining after cross-linking (Ma) to the amount of cross-linking agent added to the coating solution (Mb) was subtracted from 1 (1 (Ma / Mb)).
- the degree of cross-linking is preferably 50% -100%, more preferably 65% -100%, and more preferably 75% -100%.
- the alignment film can be formed by applying a coating solution containing the polymer and the crosslinking agent on the second optically anisotropic layer, heating and drying (crosslinking), and performing a rubbing treatment.
- the crosslinking reaction is performed after coating on the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the coating solution is preferably a mixed solvent of an organic solvent (eg, methanol) having a defoaming effect and water.
- an organic solvent eg, methanol
- the content of methanol is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 9% by mass or more, based on the whole solvent.
- the coating method of the alignment film is preferably a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a curtain coating method, an eta-strusion coating method, a rod coating method or a roll coating method. Especially, the rod coating method is preferred.
- the water content is preferably from 0.4 to 2.5%, more preferably from 0.6 to 1.6%.
- the water content can be measured by a commercially available water content meter based on the Karl Fischer method.
- the film thickness after drying is preferably 0.1 to 10 / zm.
- Heat drying can be performed at 20 to 110 ° C.
- the force S is preferably 60 to 100 ° C, more preferably 80 to 100 ° C.
- Drying time can be from 1 minute to 36 hours. Preferably, it is 1 to 30 minutes.
- the pH is preferably set to an optimum value for the crosslinking agent used. If dartartaldehyde is used, the preferred pH is between 4.5 and 5.5.
- the orientation film can be obtained by crosslinking the polymer layer and then rubbing the surface.
- the rubbing treatment is the same as a treatment method widely used as a liquid crystal alignment treatment step of an LCD. That is, the orientation is obtained by rubbing the surface of the orientation film in a certain direction using paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon, or polyester fiber. Generally, rubbing is performed several times using a cloth in which fibers of uniform length and thickness are planted on average.
- the first optically anisotropic layer is formed from a discotic compound.
- the in-plane retardation value (Rel) of the first optically anisotropic layer is preferably from 10 to 50 nm, more preferably from 25 to 37 nm.
- the first optically anisotropic layer is preferably designed to compensate for a liquid crystal compound in a liquid crystal cell in black display of a liquid crystal display device.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal cell is described in IDW, 00, FMC7-2, P411-414.
- the disc-shaped conjugate preferably has liquid crystallinity.
- a polymer liquid crystal having a disk-shaped molecular structure may be used.
- a ligated compound that no longer exhibits liquid crystallinity by polymerizing or crosslinking a low-molecular disk-shaped liquid crystal may be used.
- Discotic compounds include benzene derivatives (described in the research report of C. Destmde et al., Mol. Cryst. Vol. 71, page 111 (1981)) and truxene derivatives (research reports of C. Destmde et al., Mol. Cryst. 122, 141 (1985), Physics lett, A, 78, 82 (1990)), cyclohexane derivative (Research report by B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. 96, 70) (Described in 1984) and macrocycles of azacrown or acetylene series (Research report by JM Lehn et al., J. Chem. Commun., 1794 (1985); Research report by J. Zhang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 2655 (1994)).
- the discotic conjugate having liquid crystallinity generally has a straight chain alkyl group, alkoxy group or substituted benzoyloxy group as a side chain of the mother nucleus in a radial manner with respect to the mother nucleus at the molecular center. It has a substituted structure. It is preferable that a molecule or an aggregate of molecules has rotational symmetry and can provide a certain orientation.
- the first optically anisotropic layer is formed from a discotic compound. The compound finally contained in the first optically anisotropic layer does not need to be a discotic compound.
- low-molecular liquid crystalline discotic compounds have groups that react with heat or light, and as a result, include compounds that have been polymerized or cross-linked by reaction with heat or light to have a high molecular weight and lose liquid crystallinity. It is.
- the disc-shaped conjugate is described in JP-A-8-50206.
- the polymerization of the discotic compound is described in JP-A-8-27284.
- the discotic conjugate having a polymerizable group is preferably a compound represented by the following formula.
- D is a discotic core
- L is a divalent linking group
- Q is a polymerizable group
- n is an integer of 4-12.
- LQ means a combination of a divalent linking group (L) and a polymerizable group (Q).
- the divalent linking group (L) is a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group, an arylene group, a CONHOS-, and a combination thereof. It is preferably a group.
- the divalent linking group (L) is preferably a divalent linking group obtained by combining at least two divalent groups selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group, CO—NH 2 O— and S—. preferable.
- the divalent linking group (L) is most preferably a divalent linking group obtained by combining at least two divalent groups selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group, CO— and O—, .
- the alkylene group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkenylene group preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the arylene group preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the divalent linking group (L) are shown below.
- the left side binds to the discotic core (D) and the right side binds to the polymerizable group (Q).
- AL represents an alkylene group or an arylene group
- AR represents an arylene group.
- the alkylene group, alkenyl group and arylene group may have a substituent (eg, an alkyl group).
- the polymerizable group (Q) in the above formula is determined according to the type of the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerizable group (Q) is preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group or an epoxy group, more preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, and most preferably an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group.
- n is an integer of 4-12. Specific numbers are determined according to the type of the disc-shaped core (D). The plurality of combinations of L and Q may be different, but are preferably the same.
- the average direction of the molecular symmetry axis in the first optically anisotropic layer is preferably 43 ° to 47 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- the angle between the disc surface of the discotic compound and the surface of the polarizing film increases in the depth direction of the first optically anisotropic layer and as the distance between the surface forces of the polarizing film increases. Increase or decrease.
- the angle decreases with increasing distance.
- the change in angle can be a continuous increase, a continuous decrease, an intermittent increase, an intermittent decrease, a change that includes a continuous increase and a continuous decrease, or an intermittent change that includes an increase and a decrease.
- the intermittent change includes a region where the inclination angle does not change in the thickness direction. Even if it includes a region where the angle does not change, the angle may be increased or decreased as a whole. However, it is preferable that the angle changes continuously.
- the average direction of the disc surface of the discotic compound on the polarizing film side can be adjusted by selecting the discotic compound or the material of the alignment film, or by selecting the rubbing treatment method.
- the disc surface direction of the discotic compound on the surface side (air side) can be adjusted by selecting the discotic compound or the type of additive used together with the discotic compound.
- additives used with the disc-shaped conjugate include plasticizers, surfactants, polymerizable monomers, and polymerizable polymers.
- the degree of change in the orientation direction of the long axis can be adjusted by selecting the discotic compound and the additive.
- the uniformity of the layer, the strength of the layer, and the orientation of the disc-shaped compound can also be improved by using a plasticizer, a surfactant, and a polymerizable monomer.
- the additive has compatibility with the discotic compound, changes the tilt angle of the discotic compound, and does not inhibit the orientation thereof.
- the polymerizable monomer includes a radical polymerizable compound and a cationic polymerizable compound. Multifunctional radically polymerizable monomers are preferred. It is preferable that the polymerizable group of the monomer is copolymerized with the polymerizable group of the discotic compound.
- the polymerizable monomer is described in JP-A-2002-296423, paragraphs 0018-0020.
- the amount of the polymerizable monomer to be added is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, based on the amount of the discotic compound.
- the surfactant is preferably a fluorine compound. Surfactants are described in JP-A-2001-330725.
- the polymer preferably changes the tilt angle of the discotic compound.
- the polymer is preferably a cellulose ester or a cellulose ether, and more preferably a senorelose ester.
- Cellulose esters are described in JP-A-2000-155216. It is described in drop number 0178.
- the amount of polymer added is preferably from 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 8% by mass, based on the disc-shaped conjugate. 0.1 to 5% by mass is most preferable.
- the discotic nematic liquid crystal phase-solid phase transition temperature of the disc-shaped conjugate is preferably 70 to 300 ° C, more preferably 70 to 170 ° C.
- the first optically anisotropic layer can be formed by applying a coating liquid containing a discotic compound and, if necessary, a polymerizable initiator and optional components described later on the alignment film.
- the solvent used for preparing the coating solution is preferably an organic solvent.
- organic solvents include amides (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethylsulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (eg, benzene, hexane)
- amides eg, N, N-dimethylformamide
- sulfoxides eg, dimethylsulfoxide
- heterocyclic compounds eg, pyridine
- hydrocarbons eg, benzene, hexane
- alkyl halides eg, benzene, hexane
- chromate form dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane
- ester for example, methyl acetate, butyl acetate
- ketone for example, acetone, methyl ethy
- Alkyl halides and ketones are preferred. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the coating solution can be applied by a known method (eg, a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, a reverse gravure coating method, a die coating method).
- a known method eg, a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, a reverse gravure coating method, a die coating method.
- the thickness of the first optically anisotropic layer is preferably from 0.1 to 20 m, more preferably from 0.5 to 15 m, most preferably from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the oriented disc-shaped conjugate can be fixed while maintaining the oriented state. Immobilization
- the polymerization reaction includes a thermal polymerization reaction using a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization reaction using a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization reaction is preferred.
- the photopolymerization initiator include ⁇ -carboniril conjugates (described in US Pat. Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,236,670) and acyloin ether (US Pat. No. 2448828), ⁇ -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloylide conjugates (U.S. Pat.No. 2722512), polynuclear quinone conjugates (U.S. Pat. Nos.
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator used is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by mass of the solid content of the coating solution, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- Light irradiation for the polymerization of liquid crystal molecules is preferably performed using ultraviolet light.
- the irradiation energy is preferably from 20 mi / cm 2 to 50 j / cm 2, more preferably from 20 to 5000 mjZcm 2 , most preferably from 100 to 800 mjZcm 2 .
- Light irradiation may be performed under heating conditions to promote the photopolymerization reaction.
- a protective layer may be provided on the first optically anisotropic layer.
- the optical compensation film is generally manufactured in a roll shape.
- the roll-shaped optical compensation film is preferably manufactured by continuously performing the following steps (1) and (4).
- step (3) while orienting the disc-shaped conjugate at a temperature equal to or higher than the liquid crystal transition temperature, the film surface wind speed of the surface of the disc-shaped conjugate which is blown in a direction other than the rubbing direction is reduced. It is preferable that the following numerical formula is satisfied. Most preferably, V is? 0 to 2. 5 X 10- 3 X r.
- V is the film surface wind velocity (mZsec) on the surface of the discoid compound
- ⁇ is the viscosity (cp) of the first optically anisotropic layer at the orientation temperature of the discotic compound.
- the cellulose ester fiber having the molecular symmetry axis of the disc-shaped conjugate is obtained.
- the average direction of the orthogonal projection onto the LUM (second optically anisotropic layer) surface (the average direction of the molecular symmetry axis of the first optically anisotropic layer) and the in-plane slow axis of the cellulose ester finolem Optical compensatory film which is different from the average direction of the molecular symmetry axis and the rubbing direction, and which has a force of S—2 ° —2 °, preferably 1 ° -1 °, and substantially 0 °.
- S—2 ° —2 ° preferably 1 ° -1 °, and substantially 0 °.
- the angle between the average direction of the molecular symmetry axis and the in-plane slow axis of cellulose ester finolem is changed. Is preferably substantially 45 °.
- step (2) a polymerizable disc-shaped conjugate having a crosslinkable functional group was used as the discotic compound, and in the step (3), the coating layer was continuously irradiated with light to polymerize.
- the disc-shaped conjugate is cured by polymerization and fixed in an oriented state, and then the step (4) can be continuously performed.
- a rubbing treatment can be performed with a rubbing roller while removing the surface of the cellulose ester film or the alignment film.
- a step of removing dust from the surface of the rubbed cellulose ester film or alignment film may be performed.
- an inspection step of inspecting by continuously measuring the optical characteristics of the formed first optically anisotropic layer may be performed.
- the diameter of the rubbing roller used in the step (1) is preferably 100 mm to 500 mm, more preferably 200 mm to 400 mm, from the viewpoints of abrasion resistance, dring suitability, and cloth life. .
- the width of the rubbing roller needs to be wider than the width of the film to be conveyed, and is preferably at least the film width X2.
- the rotation speed of the rubbing roller is preferably lOOrpm to lOOOrpm, preferably 250rpm to 850rpm, depending on the orientation of the disc-shaped conjugate, which is preferably set low from the viewpoint of dust generation. More preferred.
- the cellulose ester film (second optically anisotropic layer) or the orientation film is heated during rubbing.
- the heating temperature is the film surface temperature of the cellulose ester film or the alignment film, and is preferably in the range of (glass transition temperature of material ⁇ 50 ° C.) ⁇ (Glass transition temperature of material + 50 ° C.).
- a relative humidity of 25 ° C is preferably 25-70%, more preferably 30-60% and most preferably 35-55%.
- the transport speed of the cellulose ester film is preferably 10 mZ / 100 mZ, and more preferably 15 mZ / 80 mZ.
- various devices conventionally used for transporting a film can be used. There is no particular limitation on the transport system.
- the alignment film is formed by applying a coating solution in which a material such as polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water or an organic solvent to the surface of a cellulose ester film (second optically anisotropic layer) and drying. can do.
- the preparation of the alignment film can be performed before the above series of steps.
- An alignment film may be continuously formed on the surface of a long cellulose ester film (second optically anisotropic layer) to be conveyed.
- a coating solution containing a discotic compound is applied to the rubbed surface.
- an organic solvent is preferable.
- organic solvents include amides (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg, dimethylsulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg, pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg, benzene, hexane), alkyls Halides (eg, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloroethane), esters (eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 2 —Dimethoxyethane). Alkyl halides and ketones are preferred. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the surface tension of the coating solution is more preferably 25 mN Zm or less, more preferably 22 mNZm or less.
- a surfactant is most preferably a fluorine-containing polymer, which is more preferably a fluorine-containing surfactant, and more preferably a fluoroaliphatic group-containing polymer, which is more preferable.
- a fluorine-containing polymer is composed of a repeating unit containing fluorine and another repeating unit. Copolymers with repeating units (for example, repeating units derived from polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylate) may also be used.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing polymer is preferably from 3,000 to 100,000, more preferably from 6,000 to 80,000.
- the addition amount of the fluorine-containing polymer is preferably from 0.005 to 8% by mass, and more preferably from 0.01 to 1% by mass, based on the coating composition mainly containing the discotic compound (the coating component excluding the solvent). Preferable 0.05 to 0.5% by mass is most preferable.
- the coating liquid is applied to the rubbed surface by a known method (eg, a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, a reverse gravure coating method, a die coating method). It can.
- the coating amount can be appropriately determined based on the thickness of the first optically anisotropic layer.
- the discotic compound is oriented at a temperature equal to or higher than the liquid crystal transition temperature at the same time as or after drying the applied coating liquid, and the orientation is fixed to the first liquid.
- An optically anisotropic layer is formed.
- the discotic compound has a desired orientation by heating during drying or by heating after drying.
- the drying temperature can be determined in consideration of the boiling point of the solvent used for the coating solution and the materials for the cellulose ester film (second optically anisotropic layer) and the alignment film.
- the orientation temperature of the discotic compound can be determined according to the liquid crystal phase-solid phase transition temperature of the discotic compound to be used. Generally, the orientation temperature of the discotic compound is preferably from 70 to 300 ° C, more preferably from 70 to 170 ° C.
- the viscosity in the liquid crystal state is more preferably from 100 cp to 1000 cp, preferably from 10 cp to 100 cp. If the viscosity is too low, very accurate control of the wind speed and direction is required for continuous production as soon as it is affected by the wind during orientation. On the other hand, when the viscosity is high, the influence of the wind is less, but the alignment of the liquid crystal is slowed, and the productivity is extremely deteriorated.
- the viscosity of the liquid crystal layer can be controlled by the molecular structure of the disc-shaped compound.
- the viscosity can also be adjusted by using appropriate amounts of additives (eg, cellulose ester, cellulose ether) and a gelling agent for the first optically anisotropic layer.
- Heating can be performed by blowing hot air at a predetermined temperature or by transporting the heated room maintained at a predetermined temperature.
- the oriented discotic compound is fixed while maintaining the oriented state to form a first optically anisotropic layer.
- the method for fixing the orientation state is as described for the first optically anisotropic layer.
- a protective layer may be provided on the first optically anisotropic layer produced in the step (3).
- a protective film produced in advance may be continuously laminated on the surface of the first optically anisotropic layer produced in a long shape.
- the long laminate on which the first optically anisotropic layer is formed is wound up.
- the winding may be performed, for example, by winding a continuously transported laminated body of the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer around a cylindrical core.
- the optical compensation film obtained in the step (4) is in the form of a roll, it can be easily handled even in the case of mass production. Can be stored and transported as is
- the second optically anisotropic layer and the first optically anisotropic layer are bonded to a polarizing film and used as a polarizing plate.
- the first optically anisotropic layer can also form a disc-shaped bonding force directly on the polarizing film, or can form a disc-shaped bonding force on the alignment film on the polarizing film. That is, the first optically anisotropic layer can be formed by applying the coating liquid to the surface of the polarizing film (or the alignment film thereon).
- the first optically anisotropic layer is formed from the side of the polarizing film that is not the second optically anisotropic layer, the dimensional change of the polarizing film will be caused without using a polymer film between the polarizing film and the optically anisotropic layer.
- Stress strain X cross-sectional area X elastic modulus
- the polarizing film includes an oriented polarizing film or a coated polarizing film (manufactured by Optiva Inc.).
- the alignment type polarizing film is composed of a binder and iodine or a dichroic dye. Iodine and dichroic dyes exhibit deflection performance by being oriented in a binder.
- the iodine and the dichroic dye preferably have a force of aligning along the noinder molecule, or the dichroic dye is preferably aligned in one direction by self-organization like liquid crystal.
- a commercially available oriented polarizing film is obtained by immersing the stretched polymer in a solution of iodine or dichroic dye in a bath, and penetrating the binder with iodine or dichroic dye. It is made by doing. Also, commercially available polarizing films have iodine or dichroic dyes with a polymer surface force of about 4 m (approximately on both sides), and a thickness of at least 10 m is necessary to obtain sufficient polarizing performance. It is. The degree of penetration can be controlled by the solution concentration of iodine or dichroic dye, bath temperature and immersion time.
- the thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 25 m or less, more preferably 20 m or less, which is preferably not more than the thickness of a commercially available polarizing plate (about 30 m). Under the following conditions, the light leakage phenomenon is not observed in a 17-inch liquid crystal display device.
- the binder of the polarizing film may be crosslinked.
- a crosslinkable polymer itself may be used.
- a polymer having a functional group or a polymer obtained by introducing a functional group into a polymer is subjected to light, heat, or a change in pH, the functional groups are reacted to crosslink between the polymers to form a polarizing film. be able to.
- a crosslinked structure may be introduced into the polymer by a crosslinking agent. It can be formed by introducing a linking group derived from the crosslinking agent between the binders using a crosslinking agent that is a high-active compound having high reaction activity, and crosslinking the binders.
- Crosslinking can be generally carried out by applying a coating solution containing a crosslinkable polymer or a mixture of a polymer and a crosslinking agent onto a cellulose ester film (second optically anisotropic layer) and then heating. Since it is only necessary to ensure the durability at the stage of the final product, the cross-linking treatment may be performed at the stage of shifting until the final polarizing plate is obtained.
- a binder for the polarizing film a polymer which can be crosslinked by itself or a polymer which is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent can be used.
- polymers include polymethyl methacrylate, polyatacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polystyrene, polybutyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-methylolacrylamide), polybutyltoluene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, Nitrocellulose, chlorinated polyolefin (eg, polychlorinated vinyl), polyester, polyimide, polyacetated vinyl, polyethylene, carboxymethylcellulose, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and their copolymers (eg, acrylic acid / methacrylic acid copolymer, styrene / z maleic) Imide copolymer, styrene Z-butyltoluene copolymer, butyl acetate
- a silane coupling agent may be used as the polymer.
- Water-soluble polymer eg, poly (N-methylone reatari)
- Carboxymethylcellulose e.g., poly (N-methylone reatari)
- gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred, and gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred, and polybutyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are most preferred.
- the degree of saponification of polybutyl alcohol and modified polybutyl alcohol is preferably from 70 to 100%, more preferably from 80 to 100%, and most preferably from 95 to 100%.
- the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is 100-5000 force.
- Modified polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by introducing a modifying group into polybutyl alcohol by copolymerization modification, chain transfer modification or block polymerization modification.
- modifying groups introduced by copolymerization are COONa, -Si (OX) (X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group),
- modifying groups include COONa, -SH, -SCH.
- the degree of polymerization is preferably 100-3000 s.
- Modified polybutyl alcohol is described in JP-A-8-338913, JP-A-9152509 and JP-A-9316127. Particularly preferred are unmodified and alkylthio-modified polybutyl alcohols having a saponification degree of 85-95%.
- Two or more kinds of polybutyl alcohol and modified polybutyl alcohol may be used in combination.
- crosslinking agent is described in US Reissue Patent No. 23297.
- Boron compounds eg, boric acid, borax
- boric acid boric acid
- borax boric acid
- the crosslinking agent for the binder When a large amount of the crosslinking agent for the binder is added, the wet heat resistance of the polarizing film can be improved. However, when the crosslinking agent is added in an amount of 50% by mass or more with respect to the binder, the orientation of iodine or the dichroic dye is reduced.
- the addition amount of the crosslinking agent is preferably from 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably from 0.5 to 15% by mass, based on the binder.
- the binder contains some vigorous cross-linking agent that does not react even after the cross-linking reaction has been completed. However, the amount of the remaining crosslinking agent in the binder is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the crosslinking agent When the crosslinking agent is contained in the binder in an amount exceeding 1.0% by mass, a problem may occur in durability. That is, the residual amount of the crosslinking agent is large.
- a polarizing film When a polarizing film is incorporated into a liquid crystal display device and used for a long time or left in a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere for a long time, the degree of polarization may decrease.
- the dichroic dye includes an azo dye, a stilbene dye, a pyrazolone dye, a triphenylmethane dye, a quinoline dye, an oxazine dye, a thiazine dye or an anthraquinone dye.
- the dichroic dye is preferably water-soluble.
- the dichroic dye preferably has a hydrophilic substituent (eg, sulfo, amido hydroxyl). Examples of dichroic dyes are CI Direct 'Yellow 12, CI Direct' Orange 39, CI Direct. Orange 72, CI Direct. Red 39, CI Direct.
- the dichroic dyes are described in JP-A-1-161202, JP-A-1-172906, JP-A-1-172907, JP-A-1-183602, JP-A-1248105, JP-A-1265205 and JP-A-7-261024. Each publication has writing power S.
- the dichroic dye is used as a free acid or a salt (eg, an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt or an amine salt).
- a polarizing film having various hues can be produced.
- a polarizing film using a compound (dye) that exhibits a black color when the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, or a polarizing film containing various dichroic molecules so as to exhibit a black color has excellent single-plate transmittance and polarization ratio. Te ru.
- the polarizing film stretches the binder in the longitudinal direction (MD direction) of the polarizing film (stretching method). Alternatively, after rubbing, it is dyed with iodine and a dichroic dye (rubbing method).
- the stretching ratio is preferably 2.5-30.0 times, more preferably 3.0-10.0 times. Stretching can be performed by dry stretching in air. Further, wet stretching in a state of being immersed in water may be performed. The stretching ratio in dry stretching is preferably 2.5 to 5.0 times, and the stretching ratio in wet stretching is preferably 3.0 to 10.0 times.
- the stretching step may be performed several times. By dividing it into several times, it is possible to stretch more uniformly even at a high stretching ratio. Before stretching, slightly stretch it horizontally or vertically (to prevent shrinkage in the width direction).
- the film be stretched at an angle of 10-80 ° to the longitudinal direction. Yes.
- stretching can be performed by performing tenter stretching in biaxial stretching in different steps on the left and right.
- the biaxial stretching is the same as the stretching method used in ordinary film formation.
- the stretching is performed at different speeds on the left and right, the thickness of the binder film before stretching needs to be different on the left and right.
- tapering the die can make the flow rate of the binder solution different between left and right.
- the tilt angle is preferably extended so as to match the angle between the transmission axis of the two polarizing plates attached to both sides of the liquid crystal cell constituting the liquid crystal display device and the vertical or horizontal direction of the liquid crystal cell.
- the normal tilt angle is 45 °.
- a transmission type, a reflection type, and a transflective type liquid crystal display device which are not always at 45 ° have been developed, and it is preferable that the stretching direction can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the design of the liquid crystal display device.
- a binder film that is stretched at an angle of 10 to 80 degrees with respect to the MD direction of the polarizing film is manufactured.
- a rubbing treatment method widely used as a liquid crystal alignment treatment step of a liquid crystal display device can be applied. That is, the orientation is obtained by rubbing the surface of the film in a certain direction using paper, gauze, felt, rubber, nylon, or polyester fiber. In general, rubbing is performed several times using a cloth in which fibers of uniform length and thickness are planted on average. It is preferable to use a Rabinda roll in which the roundness, cylindricity, and runout (eccentricity) of the roll itself are all 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the wrap angle of the film on the rubbing roll is preferably 0.1 to 90 °.
- a stable rubbing process can be obtained by winding 360 ° or more.
- the rubbing roll is preferably rotatable in the horizontal direction with respect to the film advancing direction to set an arbitrary rubbing angle. It is preferable to select an appropriate rubbing angle in the range of 0 to 60 °. When used in a liquid crystal display device, the angle is preferably 40-50 °. 45 ° is particularly preferred.
- a protective film on both sides of the polarizing film. It is preferable to use a part of a roll-shaped optical compensation film as the system.
- protective film Z polarizing film Z second optical anisotropic layer Z first optical anisotropic layer, or protective film Z polarizing film Z second optical anisotropic layer Z alignment film Z first optical anisotropic layer A laminated body is preferred.
- the polarizing film and the surface side of the first optically anisotropic layer may be bonded together.
- An adhesive can be used for bonding.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (including a polyvinyl alcohol modified with an acetoacetyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfoxyl group, or an oxyalkylene group) or an aqueous solution of a boron compound can be used as the adhesive.
- Polyvinyl alcohol resins are preferred.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer after drying is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 m, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5 m.
- the transmittance of the polarizing film be higher, and that the degree of polarization be higher.
- the transmittance of the polarizing film should preferably be in the range of 30-50% for light with a wavelength of 550nm, more preferably in the range of 35-50%, and in the range of 40-50%. Is most preferred.
- the degree of polarization of light having a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably in the range of 90-100%, more preferably in the range of 95-100%, and most preferably in the range of 99-100%.
- a light diffusion film or an antiglare film may be attached to the surface of the polarizing plate.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical form of the light diffusion film.
- the light-diffusing film (9) shown in FIG. 7 includes, for example, a first light-transmitting fine particle (41) and a second light-transmitting fine particle in a transparent base film (20) and a light-transmitting resin (35). And a light diffusion layer (30) containing conductive fine particles (42).
- a translucent fine particles having two peaks of particle size distribution (different in refractive index) will be described, but the peak of two particle size distribution lines of the same type (with the same refractive index) will be described.
- the translucent fine particles may be used, or one type of translucent fine particles may be used.
- the first light-transmitting fine particles (41) are made of a light-transmitting resin, for example, silica fine particles (average particle diameter: 1.0 ⁇ m, refractive index: 1.51), and the second light-transmitting fine particles (41)
- the fine particles (42) are also composed of a translucent resin, for example, styrene beads (average particle diameter 3.5 / ⁇ , refractive index 1.61).
- Light expansion is obtained by a difference in refractive index between the light-transmitting fine particles (41 and 42) and the light-transmitting resin (35).
- the difference in the refractive index is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.15 or less. If the refractive index difference is less than 0.02, the light diffusion effect may not be obtained.
- the difference in refractive index is more preferably 0.03 or more and 0.13 or less, and is most preferably 0.04 or more and 0.10 or less.
- an antireflection layer on the viewing side surface of the polarizing film.
- the antireflection layer may also be used as a protective layer on the viewing side of the polarizing film.
- the internal haze of the antireflection layer is preferably set to 50% or more from the viewpoint of suppressing a change in tint due to the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device.
- the antireflection layer is described in JP-A Nos. 2001-33783, 2001-343646, and 2002-328228.
- the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the directions opposite to each other (symmetrically) in the upper and lower portions of the liquid crystal cell.
- Liquid crystal display devices using bend alignment mode liquid crystal cells are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,583,825 and 5,410,422. Since the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are symmetrically aligned at the upper and lower portions of the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode has a self-optical compensation function. Therefore, this liquid crystal mode is also called an OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend) liquid crystal mode.
- OCB Optically Compensatory Bend
- the alignment state in the liquid crystal cell is such that the rod-like liquid crystal molecules rise in the center of the cell and the rod-like liquid crystal molecules are lying near the cell substrate.
- An X d of the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode is preferably from 100 to 1500 nm, more preferably from 500 to 100 nm.
- rod-like liquid crystal molecules which are halved from the liquid crystal cell in the bend alignment mode, are homeotropically orientated at the upper part of the liquid crystal cell and homogenous at the lower part.
- This is an alignment mode of hybrid alignment, and is preferably applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device.
- ⁇ nXd of the liquid crystal cell in the hybrid alignment mode is more preferably from 50 to 750 nm, and still more preferably from 250 to 500 nm, which is preferable to the force S.
- the in-plane retardation value Re ( ⁇ ) x measured at the wavelength ⁇ was calculated by using KOBRA21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) to convert the light having the wavelength ⁇ nm.
- the film normal direction force is also a value measured by incidence.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) the retardation value in the thickness direction measured by ⁇ , is the value of Re ( ⁇ )
- the in-plane slow axis (the direction is determined by KOBRA21ADH) is the tilt axis (rotation axis).
- Retardation value measured by injecting light of wavelength ⁇ nm from a direction inclined + 40 ° to the normal direction of the film, and the normal direction of the film with the in-plane slow axis as the tilt axis (rotation axis) The sum of the retardation values measured when light with a wavelength of ⁇ nm is incident from a direction inclined by 40 ° with respect to the three values of the retardation values measured in three directions, the assumed value of the average refractive index, and the input film thickness KOBR A21ADH is calculated from the value.
- the assumed value of the average refractive index a value from a polymer handbook (JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC) or a catalog of various optical films can be used.
- the average refractive index of the cellulose ester is 1.48.
- a gelatin subbing layer having a thickness of 0.1 m was provided on the second optically anisotropic layer.
- a coating liquid for an alignment film having the following composition was applied in a volume of 28 ml Zm 2 using a # 16 wire bar coater. It was dried with hot air at 60 ° C for 60 seconds and further with hot air at 90 ° C for 150 seconds. Next, a rubbing treatment was performed on the formed film in the direction of 45 ° with respect to the slow axis (measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm) of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- composition of coating solution for alignment film The following modified polyvinyl alcohol 10 parts by mass Water 37 1 part by mass Methanol 1 19 parts by mass Glutaraldehyde (crosslinking agent) 0.5 part by mass [0132] [Formula 13]
- the laminate of the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer is vulcanized in an alkaline bath, and the polarizing film formed of polybutyl alcohol and iodine and the second optically anisotropic layer are bonded with an adhesive. Pasted.
- the polarizing film was arranged such that the transmission axis was parallel to the slow axis of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 3.5 m.
- a liquid crystal conjugate having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the arrangement of the liquid crystal cell and the two polarizing plates is such that the polarizing plate faces the first optically anisotropic layer and the substrate of the liquid crystal cell, and the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal cell and the rubbing direction of the first optically anisotropic layer opposed thereto. And were placed in antiparallel.
- the voltage was changed and the luminance in the vertical and horizontal directions of the screen was measured with a luminance meter (BM-5 made by TOPCON). The presence / absence of occurrence of key inversion was measured.
- black luminance and white luminance (front luminance) at the center of the screen were measured using a luminance meter (BM-5 manufactured by TOPCON), and the contrast was calculated. Then, while adjusting the voltage, the voltage at which the black luminance (front luminance) became the smallest was determined. Further, the viewing angle was measured using a measuring instrument (EZ-CONTRAST). Table 3 shows the above results.
- a polarizing plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 6 m.
- a liquid crystal compound having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate were arranged in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polarizing plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 9 m.
- a liquid crystal compound having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate were arranged in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polarizing plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 2.
- a liquid crystal conjugate having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate were arranged in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polarizing plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 12 / zm.
- a liquid crystal compound having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate were arranged in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a gelatin subbing layer having a thickness of 0.1 m was provided on the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the coating solution for the alignment film used in Example 1 was coated with 28 ml of ZmI 2 using a # 16 wire bar coater. It was dried with hot air at 60 ° C for 60 seconds and further with hot air at 90 ° C for 150 seconds. Next, a rubbing treatment was performed on the formed film in the direction of 45 ° with respect to the slow axis (measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm) of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- the laminate of the first optically anisotropic layer and the second optically anisotropic layer is vulcanized in an alkaline bath, and the polarizing film formed of polybutyl alcohol and iodine and the second optically anisotropic layer are bonded with an adhesive. Pasted.
- the polarizing film was arranged such that the transmission axis was parallel to the slow axis of the second optically anisotropic layer.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 6 m.
- a liquid crystal compound having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device was manufactured by combining a liquid crystal cell and two polarizing plates.
- the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate were arranged in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a cellulose acetate solution was prepared.
- Cellulose acetate solution composition Cellulose acetate with a degree of acetylation of 60.9% 100 parts by mass Triphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 7.8 parts by mass Biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (plasticizer) 3.9 parts by mass Methylene chloride ( First solvent) 300 parts by mass Methanol (second solvent) 45 parts by mass Dye (360 FP, manufactured by Sumika Finechem Co., Ltd.) 0.0009 parts by mass
- the obtained dope was cast using a casting machine having a band having a width of 2m and a length of 65m. After the film surface temperature on the band reached 40 ° C, the film was dried for 1 minute, peeled off, and stretched 28% in the width direction using a tenter with a drying air at 140 ° C. Thereafter, drying was performed for 20 minutes with a drying air at 135 ° C. to produce a second optically anisotropic layer (cellulose acetate film) having a residual solvent amount of 0.3% by mass.
- the width of the second optically anisotropic layer was 1340 mm, and the thickness was 92 ⁇ m.
- the retardation value (Re) at a wavelength of 590 nm was measured using KOBRA21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments), it was 38 nm. Further, when the retardation value (Rth) at a wavelength of 590 nm was measured, it was 175 nm.
- an orientation film coating solution having the following composition was applied at a rate of 28 ml / m 2 using a # 16 wire bar coater.
- the film was dried with hot air at 60 ° C for 60 seconds and further with hot air at 90 ° C for 150 seconds to form an alignment film.
- the second optically anisotropic layer on which the alignment film is formed is conveyed at a speed of 20 mZ, and a rubbing roll (300 mm diameter) is set so as to be rubbed at 45 ° to the longitudinal direction, and rotated at 650 rpm. Rubbing treatment was performed on the surface of the transparent support on which the alignment film was provided. The contact length between the rabindarol and the transparent support was set to 18 mm.
- a fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer (MegaFac F780, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) to prepare a coating solution.
- the coating solution is conveyed at 20 mZ by rotating the # 3.2 wire bar in 391 rotations in the same direction as the film conveyance direction, and continuously applied to the alignment film surface of the second optically anisotropic layer. Applied.
- the viscosity of the first optically anisotropic layer measured at a film surface temperature of 127 ° C was 695 cp.
- the viscosity is the result of measuring a liquid crystal layer (excluding solvent) having the same composition as the first optically anisotropic layer using a heating type E-type viscosity system.
- a part of the produced roll-shaped optical compensation film was cut out and used as a sample to measure optical characteristics.
- the Re retardation values of the first optically anisotropic layer measured at a wavelength of 546 nm were Re (0) force 3 ⁇ 4 0.5 nm, Re (40) force 4.5 nm, and Re (-40) force 107.5 nm.
- the angle (tilt angle) between the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline compound in the first optically anisotropic layer and the support surface changed continuously in the depth direction of the layer, and was 32 ° on average. .
- the orientation of the first optically anisotropic layer was measured between a pair of polarizers (Glan Thompson prism).
- the arrangement of each optical element is such that the transmission axis of the incident-side polarizer is 90 °, the slow axis of the transparent support is 20 °, and the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer is 155, as observed from the output-side polarizer.
- the transmittance the value of 100 ⁇ (T—C) Z (P—C)
- an optical compensation film was attached to one side of the polarizing film on the transparent support surface.
- a commercially available triacetyl cellulose film (TD-80U: manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 80 m was subjected to a Ken-Dai treatment, and a polarizing film was formed using a polybutyl alcohol adhesive. Pasted on the side.
- the longitudinal direction of the polarizing film, the longitudinal direction of the second optically anisotropic layer, and the longitudinal direction of a commercially available triacetyl cellulose film were all arranged in parallel. In this way, the optical compensation filter A polarizing plate having a film (only) was produced.
- an optical compensation film was attached to one side of the polarizing film on the second optically anisotropic layer surface using a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive.
- An anti-reflection film (Fuji Film CV Clearview UA, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) was saponified and attached to the opposite side of the polarizing film using a polybutyl alcohol-based adhesive.
- the longitudinal direction of the polarizing film, the longitudinal direction of the transparent support, and the longitudinal direction of the commercially available triacetyl cellulose film were all arranged in parallel. Thus, a polarizing plate having the optical compensation film and the antireflection film was produced.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 4.5 m.
- a liquid crystal conjugate having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- the size of the liquid crystal cell was 20 inches.
- a polarizing plate having an optical compensation film (only) and a polarizing plate having an optical compensation film and an antireflection film were attached so as to sandwich the produced bend alignment cell.
- the polarizing plate having the optical compensation film and the antireflection film is on the viewing side.
- the first optically anisotropic layer of the polarizing plate was arranged so as to face the cell substrate, and the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal cell and the rubbing direction of the first optically anisotropic layer facing the liquid crystal cell were antiparallel.
- a rectangular wave voltage of 55 Hz was applied to the liquid crystal cell.
- Normal white mode with 2V white display and 5V black display.
- the transmittance ratio white display Z black display
- the viewing angle can be set in eight steps from black display (L1) to white display (L8). It was measured.
- the front contrast CR: luminance of white display Z luminance of black display
- liquid crystal display device was adjusted to a halftone over the entire surface, and unevenness was evaluated. As a result, which direction No irregularities were observed even when looking at the power.
- Table 5 shows the values of (An x d) Z (Rel XRth2).
- the cellulose acetate solution prepared in Example 5 and the retardation raising agent solution were mixed and sufficiently stirred to prepare a dope.
- the addition amount of the letter Dane-yon raising agent was 7.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cellulose acetate.
- the obtained dope was cast using a band casting machine in the same manner as in Example 5, and the draw ratio was set at 20%.
- a second optically anisotropic layer (cellulose acetate film) having a residual solvent amount of 0.3% by mass was produced in the same manner as in Example 5.
- the width of the second optically anisotropic layer was 1500 mm, and the thickness was 95 ⁇ m.
- Rth was 200 nm.
- the second optically anisotropic layer was immersed in 2. ON potassium hydroxide solution (25 ° C) for 2 minutes, neutralized with sulfuric acid, washed with pure water, and dried.
- the surface energy of the transparent support determined by the contact angle method was 63 mNZm.
- the second optical anisotropic layer, 28 m LZM was 2 coated with a wire barcode one coater coating solution # 16 of the following composition. It was dried with hot air at 60 ° C for 60 seconds and further with hot air at 90 ° C for 150 seconds.
- the second optically anisotropic layer is conveyed at a speed of 20 mZ, and a rubbing direction (300 mm diameter) set at 45 ° to the longitudinal direction is rotated at 450 rpm to align the second optically anisotropic layer. Rubbing treatment was performed on the surface on which the film was installed.
- the coating liquid was continuously applied to the alignment film surface of the second optically anisotropic layer transported at 20 mZ by rotating the # 2.7 wire bar in the same direction as the film transport direction at 391 rotations. .
- the solvent is dried, and then about 90 mZ in the drying zone at 135 ° C so that the wind velocity hitting the first optically anisotropic layer is 1.5 mZsec. Heat was applied for 2 seconds to orient the disc-shaped conjugate.
- the film is conveyed to a drying zone at 80 ° C, and the film surface temperature is about 100 ° C.
- the UV irradiation device UV lamp: output 160WZcm, emission length 1.6m
- UV light For 4 seconds to allow the cross-linking reaction to proceed, thereby fixing the discotic liquid crystalline compound to its orientation.
- a roll-shaped optical compensation film was produced.
- the viscosity of the first optically anisotropic layer measured at a film surface temperature of 131 ° C was 600 cp.
- the viscosity is the result of measuring a liquid crystal layer (excluding solvent) having the same composition as the first optically anisotropic layer using a heating type E-type viscosity system.
- a part of the roll-shaped optical compensation film was cut out and used as a sample to measure optical characteristics.
- the Re retardation values of the first optically anisotropic layer measured at a wavelength of 546 nm were Re (0) of 34.3 nm, Re (40) force of 51.2 nm, and Re (--40) force of 120.5 mn.
- the angle (tilt angle) between the disk surface of the discotic liquid crystalline compound in the first optically anisotropic layer and the support surface changed continuously in the depth direction of the layer, and was 33 ° on average. Furthermore, when only the first optically anisotropic layer was peeled off from the sample and the average direction of the molecular symmetry axis of the first optically anisotropic layer was measured, it was 45.5 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the optical compensation film. Was. [0191] The orientation of the first optically anisotropic layer was measured between a pair of polarizers (Glan Thompson prism).
- Each optical element is placed at 90 ° transmission axis of the incident-side polarizer, 20 ° slow axis of the transparent support, and 155 ° slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer when observed from the output light side.
- the transmittance (the value of 100 X (T ⁇ C) Z (P ⁇ C)) became the minimum and was 0.029.
- an optical compensation film was attached to one side of the polarizing film on the second optically anisotropic layer surface.
- a commercially available triacetyl cellulose film (TD-80U, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 80 m is saponified, and the opposite of the polarizing film is performed using a polybutyl alcohol adhesive. Pasted on the side.
- the longitudinal direction of the polarizing film, the longitudinal direction of the transparent support, and the longitudinal direction of a commercially available triacetyl cellulose film were all arranged in parallel. Thus, a polarizing plate was produced.
- a polyimide film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, and a rubbing treatment was performed on the alignment film.
- the two glass substrates thus obtained were aligned so that the rubbing directions were parallel to each other, and the cell gap was set to 6 m.
- a liquid crystal compound having a ⁇ of 0.1396 (ZLI1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the cell gap to produce a bend-aligned liquid crystal cell.
- the size of the liquid crystal cell was 20 inches.
- the first optically anisotropic layer of the polarizing plate was arranged so as to face the cell substrate, and the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal cell and the rubbing direction of the first optically anisotropic layer facing the liquid crystal cell were antiparallel.
- a rectangular wave voltage of 55 Hz was applied to the liquid crystal cell. Normal white mode with 2V white display and 6V black display. Using the measuring device (EZ-Contrastl60D, manufactured by ELDIM) as the contrast ratio, the ratio of the transmittance (white display Z black display) to the black display (L1) to white display (L8) The viewing angle was measured in stages. In addition, the front contrast (CR: luminance of white display Z luminance of black display) was determined.
- liquid crystal display device was adjusted to a halftone over the entire surface, and unevenness was evaluated. As a result, no unevenness was observed in any direction.
- Table 5 shows the values of (AnXd) Z (RelXRth2).
- Table 8 Table 4 Optical Compensation 100 X (TC) Front view angle (contrast> 10) Film PC Trust Upper / Lower Left / Right Example 5 0. 0033 480 80 °, 80. 80 ° / 80 ° Protrusion 6 0.0029 530 80 ° / 80 0 80 ° / 80 °
- Example 5 0.1 1 0 .12 0.12
- Example 6 0.11 0-12 0.12
- a rubbing process is performed by providing a polyimide film as an alignment film on a glass substrate with ITO electrodes. It was. Separately, a SiO vapor deposition film was provided as an alignment film on a glass substrate with an ITO electrode. With the alignment films of the two glass substrates facing each other, the cell cap (d) was set to 4 m, and a rod-shaped liquid crystal (ZLI 1132, manufactured by Merck) was injected. Thus, a hybrid alignment (HAN type) liquid crystal cell was fabricated. ⁇ was 0.1396, and AnXdi was 558 nm.
- Example 1 One optical compensation sheet produced in Example 1 was arranged on the near side of the produced hybrid alignment liquid crystal cell so that the first optically anisotropic layer was on the liquid crystal cell side.
- the polarizing plate produced in Example 1 was further tilted so that the angle between the transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal cell was 45 °. It was arranged as follows. A light diffusion film shown in FIG. 7 was further arranged on the front side of the polarizing plate.
- a mirror was arranged as a reflector on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell (outside the glass substrate). Thus, a reflective liquid crystal display device was manufactured.
- the light source was placed in a direction inclined by 20 ° from the normal direction on the near side of the reflective liquid crystal display device, and light was irradiated. A voltage of 55 Hz rectangular wave was applied to the liquid crystal cell.
- Normal white (NW) mode with 2V white display and 6V black display.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the orientation of a liquid crystal compound in a bend alignment liquid crystal cell.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a bend alignment type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a relationship of optical compensation in a bend alignment type liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing various aspects of a polarizing plate.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining an inspection device for an optical compensation film.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical form of a light diffusion film.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/520,732 US7511785B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-28 | Liquid crystal display having liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode |
JP2005515035A JPWO2005040903A1 (ja) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-28 | ベンド配向モードまたはハイブリッド配向モードの液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置 |
KR1020067007639A KR101105611B1 (ko) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-28 | 벤드 배향 모드 또는 하이브리드 배향 모드의 액정셀을갖는 액정 표시 장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-369298 | 2003-10-29 | ||
JP2003369298 | 2003-10-29 | ||
JP2003-407547 | 2003-12-05 | ||
JP2003407547 | 2003-12-05 | ||
JP2003419074 | 2003-12-17 | ||
JP2003-419074 | 2003-12-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005040903A1 true WO2005040903A1 (ja) | 2005-05-06 |
Family
ID=34527602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/016021 WO2005040903A1 (ja) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-28 | ベンド配向モードまたはハイブリッド配向モードの液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7511785B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005040903A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101105611B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200527071A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005040903A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006095928A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical compensation film, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
JP2007025629A (ja) * | 2005-06-14 | 2007-02-01 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
JP2007031701A (ja) * | 2005-06-21 | 2007-02-08 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースアシレートフィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2007052406A (ja) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-03-01 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
WO2008114617A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Nec Display Solutions, Ltd. | 投写型表示装置 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005201960A (ja) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶装置および投射型表示装置 |
JP4046116B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-26 | 2008-02-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
JP4738034B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-12 | 2011-08-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 液晶性化合物、組成物および薄膜 |
KR20060086174A (ko) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-07-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 일체형 액정 표시 장치 |
US7763181B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2010-07-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical compensation film, method of producing the same, and polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device using the same |
JP2007079347A (ja) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-29 | Fujifilm Corp | 光学フィルムならびに、これを用いた偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
KR100741127B1 (ko) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-07-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 액정 디스플레이 소자 |
KR101389265B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-17 | 2014-05-28 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시장치 |
TWI463227B (zh) | 2011-12-23 | 2014-12-01 | Au Optronics Corp | 液晶面板的製作方法 |
JP6826376B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-02-03 | エルジー ディスプレイ カンパニー リミテッド | 電気光学パネル |
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JP2000221008A (ja) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-11 | Nippon Maxis:Kk | 透明基板の検査方法および透明基板の検査装置 |
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US6778242B1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2004-08-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Optical compensatory sheet comprising cellulose acetate support and optically anisotropic layer, an ellipsoidal polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display |
US6064457A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2000-05-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display with ellipsoidal polarizing plate having an optically anisotropic layer transparent substrate and a polarizing membrane |
US6380996B1 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2002-04-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Optical compensatory sheet and liquid crystal display |
JPH11212078A (ja) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-08-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
CN1209638C (zh) * | 2000-05-15 | 2005-07-06 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 光学补偿片、偏振板和液晶显示器 |
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2004
- 2004-10-28 KR KR1020067007639A patent/KR101105611B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-28 JP JP2005515035A patent/JPWO2005040903A1/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-28 US US10/520,732 patent/US7511785B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-28 TW TW093132727A patent/TW200527071A/zh unknown
- 2004-10-28 WO PCT/JP2004/016021 patent/WO2005040903A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPS6027824A (ja) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-12 | Jinzou Kobayashi | 結晶の旋光能及び若しくは複屈折を求める方法並びにその方法の実施に使用する光学装置 |
JP2000221008A (ja) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-11 | Nippon Maxis:Kk | 透明基板の検査方法および透明基板の検査装置 |
JP2003232922A (ja) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP2003260715A (ja) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | セルロースアシレートフイルムの製造方法 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006095928A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-14 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical compensation film, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
US7872716B2 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2011-01-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | Optical compensation film, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
JP2007025629A (ja) * | 2005-06-14 | 2007-02-01 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
JP2007031701A (ja) * | 2005-06-21 | 2007-02-08 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースアシレートフィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2007052406A (ja) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-03-01 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
WO2008114617A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Nec Display Solutions, Ltd. | 投写型表示装置 |
JP2008233372A (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-02 | Necディスプレイソリューションズ株式会社 | 投写型表示装置 |
US8390774B2 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2013-03-05 | Nec Display Solutions, Ltd. | Projection display apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005040903A1 (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
US7511785B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
US20060114385A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
TW200527071A (en) | 2005-08-16 |
KR101105611B1 (ko) | 2012-01-18 |
KR20060103316A (ko) | 2006-09-28 |
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