WO2005036704A1 - レーザ発振素子 - Google Patents
レーザ発振素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005036704A1 WO2005036704A1 PCT/JP2004/014957 JP2004014957W WO2005036704A1 WO 2005036704 A1 WO2005036704 A1 WO 2005036704A1 JP 2004014957 W JP2004014957 W JP 2004014957W WO 2005036704 A1 WO2005036704 A1 WO 2005036704A1
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- liquid crystal
- cholesteric liquid
- laser oscillation
- crystal layer
- dye
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/20—Liquids
- H01S3/213—Liquids including an organic dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094034—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a dye
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0943—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a gas laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1628—Solid materials characterised by a semiconducting matrix
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1686—Liquid crystal active layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser oscillation device using a cholesteric liquid crystal.
- Cholesteric liquid crystals have the property of selectively reflecting light of a specific wavelength. In particular, they selectively reflect circularly polarized light having the same rotational direction as the helical winding of the cholesteric liquid crystal and have the opposite winding. Is transmitted.
- laser oscillation should occur at a wavelength inside the selective reflection wavelength band in order to lower the threshold value of laser oscillation.
- Various researches have been performed on laser oscillation elements.
- a laser oscillation element for example, a laser oscillation element in which two cholesteric liquid crystal films containing a dye are superimposed with their azimuthal directions shifted is known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kopp, et al., "Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals" Optics Letter 1 ⁇ (OpticsLetter), USA, 1998, Vol. 23, p. 1707-1709
- Non-Patent Document 2 Ozaki, et al., "Defect Mode and Laser Oscillation in Stop Band of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal", Electric Materials Technical Magazine, 2002, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 165 -167 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
- Non-Patent Document 2 the laser oscillation element described in Non-Patent Document 2 can cause laser oscillation at a wavelength within the selective reflection band, but has a certain level of laser light intensity. It is necessary to make the thickness of the laser oscillation element sufficiently large to obtain And found. That is, the present inventors have found that laser oscillation cannot be generated with high efficiency in a conventional laser oscillation element.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a laser oscillation element capable of causing laser oscillation with high efficiency.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a defect layer in which the transition moment of the dye is oriented parallel to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer between the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by providing a defect and providing a defect layer made of an anisotropic medium between two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, and have completed the present invention.
- the laser oscillation element of the present invention comprises a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer including cholesteric liquid crystal, a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer disposed opposite to the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and including cholesteric liquid crystal, and the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
- a defect layer provided between the liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer and containing a dye that emits fluorescence by photoexcitation; a selective reflection wavelength band in the cholesteric liquid crystal; and emission of fluorescence emitted from the dye.
- the band and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer included in the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer have the same spiral winding direction, and the dye has a transition moment of the dye.
- the dye On the surfaces of the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer, It is oriented parallel to.
- the excitation light of the dye is incident on, for example, the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer. Then, the excitation light passes through the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and is incident on the defect layer, and excites the dye to cause fluorescence emission, thereby enabling laser oscillation. At this time, the laser oscillation element can generate laser oscillation with high efficiency. Further, according to the laser oscillation device of the present invention, continuous laser oscillation can be caused.
- the laser oscillation occurs with high efficiency in the defect layer, in which the transition moment of the dye is oriented parallel to the surfaces of the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer. This is not because the dye absorption efficiency and fluorescence extraction efficiency are sufficiently high.
- the orientation direction and degree of orientation of the transition moment can be known, for example, by measuring the azimuthal dependence of the absorbance on linearly polarized light rotating in the azimuthal direction.
- the defect layer may be made of an anisotropic medium.
- the laser oscillation element of the present invention includes a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer including cholesteric liquid crystal, a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer disposed opposite to the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and including cholesteric liquid crystal, and the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer; A cholesteric liquid crystal layer provided between the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer and having a defect layer serving as an anisotropic medium; and a cholesteric liquid crystal spiral included in the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
- the direction of winding is the same, and at least one of the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the defect layer, and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer contains a dye that emits fluorescence by photoexcitation.
- the selective reflection wavelength band in the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and the And emission band of the fluorescence is Gotsu overlaps at least part of the wavelength region.
- the excitation light of the dye is incident on, for example, the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer. Then, the excitation light passes through the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and is incident on the defect layer, and excites the dye to cause fluorescence emission, thereby enabling laser oscillation.
- the laser oscillation element can generate laser oscillation with high efficiency.
- the reason why laser oscillation occurs with high efficiency is that the defect layer is made of an anisotropic medium. Further, according to the laser oscillation device of the present invention, it is possible to cause continuous laser oscillation.
- the defect layer contains liquid crystal.
- the transition moment of the dye can be oriented by the orientation of the liquid crystal, and the luminous efficiency can be increased.
- the liquid crystal used for the defect layer is a nematic liquid crystal. In this case, it becomes possible to orient the transition moment of the dye in parallel in the film plane as compared with the case where the liquid crystal is a liquid crystal other than a nematic liquid crystal.
- the dye and the nematic liquid crystal are contained in the same layer.
- interaction occurs with the dye molecules when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned, so that the dye molecules can also be aligned, and the luminous efficiency becomes higher. .
- the transition moment of the dye and the director of the nematic liquid crystal are oriented parallel to each other.
- the emission becomes linearly polarized light, compared to the case where the transition moment of the dye and the director of the nematic liquid crystal are not parallel.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal preferably includes the wavelength at the emission peak of the emission band of the fluorescence emitted from the dye within the selective reflection wavelength band. In this case, laser oscillation with more sufficient light intensity can be generated.
- the dye is preferably an organic dye.
- the transition moment is oriented in a certain direction by the liquid crystal, the absorption efficiency with respect to incident light from a specific direction is increased, and more efficient fluorescent light emission can be obtained.
- the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the second cholesteric liquid crystal layer are a cholesteric liquid crystal director on a surface of the first cholesteric liquid crystal layer on a defect layer side, and a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer. It is preferable that the cholesteric liquid crystal directors on the surface on the side of the defect layer are arranged in parallel with each other. By doing so, the defect layer functions as a discontinuous layer in a continuous helical structure, and laser oscillation can be caused within the selective reflection wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the force by which the transition moment of the dye is oriented in parallel to the surfaces of the first and second cholesteric liquid crystal layers, and the defect layer are anisotropic.
- Laser oscillation can be generated with high efficiency by using a conductive medium Become.
- continuous laser oscillation can be caused.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one embodiment of a laser oscillation element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a measurement result of a fluorescence spectrum, a reflection spectrum, and laser oscillation of the laser oscillation element of Examples 13 to 13.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing reflection spectra of the laser oscillation devices according to Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing simulation results of reflection spectra of laser oscillation elements having three types of structures.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing outgoing light spectrum with respect to incident energy for the laser oscillation element according to Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between incident light and output light peak intensity for the laser oscillation element according to Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the laser oscillation device of the present invention.
- the laser oscillation element 1 includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (first cholesteric liquid crystal layer) 2 and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (second cholesteric liquid crystal layer) 3, which face each other. Are located.
- a defect layer 4 is provided between the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3.
- a transparent alignment substrate 7 is provided on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 on the opposite side of the defect layer 4, and a transparent alignment substrate 8 is provided on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 on the opposite side of the defect layer 4.
- the defect layer 4 has an anisotropic medium force.
- the anisotropic medium refers to a medium having anisotropy in the refractive index.
- a medium containing the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6 is used as the anisotropic medium.
- the dye 5 is a dye capable of emitting fluorescence by light excitation and having anisotropy. Specific examples of the dye 5 will be described later.
- the director of the nematic liquid crystal 6 and the transition moment of the dye 5 are aligned parallel to each other.
- the transition moment of the dye 5 is oriented in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 contains cholesteric liquid crystal.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules is spiraled along the thickness direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2, in other words, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2.
- a helical structure is formed by liquid crystal molecules.
- Cholesteric liquid crystals are capable of selectively reflecting light in a specific wavelength band due to this helical structure.
- a liquid crystal having a selected wavelength band that overlaps at least a part of the wavelength region with the emission band of the fluorescence emitted from the color element 5 is used as the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal include the wavelength at the emission peak of the fluorescence emission band in the selective reflection wavelength band from the viewpoint of causing laser oscillation with sufficient light intensity.
- the helical winding direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal is left. That is, the spiral of the cholesteric liquid crystal is left-handed. Specific examples of the cholesteric liquid crystal will be described later.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 contains the same cholesteric liquid crystal as the cholesteric liquid crystal of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2. That is, the helical winding direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 is also on the left. In addition, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 The helical winding direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal is the same. Therefore, when light enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3, a part of the incident light is selectively reflected due to the periodic structure of the helix.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 include a cholesteric liquid crystal director on the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 on the side of the defect layer 4 and a director of cholesteric liquid crystal on the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 on the side of the defect layer 4.
- the defect layer 4 functions as a discontinuous layer in a continuous helical structure, and it becomes possible to cause laser oscillation within the selective reflection wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the director of the nematic liquid crystal 6 can be maintained parallel to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 or the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3.
- the nematic liquid crystal 6 is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit a nematic liquid crystal phase state, and may be either a high-molecular liquid crystal or a low-molecular liquid crystal.
- the polymer liquid crystal various kinds of main chain liquid crystal materials, side chain liquid crystal materials, or a mixture thereof can be used. Note that the nematic liquid crystal is used in the laser oscillation element 1 because the transition moment of the dye can be oriented in parallel in the film surface as compared with the case where a liquid crystal other than the nematic liquid crystal is used.
- main chain type polymer liquid crystal substance examples include polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyurethanes, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzoxazoles, polybenzthiazoles, polyazomethines, and polyesters.
- polyesters examples include amide-based, polyestercarbonate-based, polyesterimide-based, and other high-molecular liquid crystal substances, and mixtures thereof.
- Examples of the side chain type polymer liquid crystal substance include a linear or cyclic structure such as a polyatalylate, a polymethacrylate, a polybutyl, a polysiloxane, a polyether, a polymalonate, and a polyester.
- Examples of the low-molecular liquid crystal include saturated benzene carboxylic acid derivatives and unsaturated benzene.
- a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity having a reactive functional group introduced into a terminal thereof, such as Louis Ridge compound derivatives, or a composition obtained by adding a crosslinkable compound to a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity among the compound derivatives is used.
- the dye 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can emit fluorescence by light excitation and has anisotropy of transition moment, and may be an organic dye or an inorganic dye.
- the inorganic dyes include zinc sulfide, zinc silicate, cadmium zinc sulfide, calcium sulfide, strontium sulfide, calcium tandastate, canary glass, cyanide, platinum, alkaline earth metal sulfide, and rare earth compounds. .
- organic dyes are particularly preferred. In this case, it is possible to dissolve the dye in a solvent, and in particular, dissolve it in liquid crystal to orient the transition moment in a certain direction, increase the absorption efficiency for incident light from a specific direction, and achieve high-efficiency fluorescence emission There are advantages to obtaining
- the cholesteric liquid crystal constituting the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 has a selective reflection wavelength band that overlaps at least a part of the wavelength band of the fluorescent light emitted from the dye 5, and can fix the cholesteric alignment. It is at least composed of a liquid crystal material.
- the liquid crystal substance includes a polymer liquid crystal substance and a low-molecular liquid crystal substance.
- the polymer liquid crystal substance include various types of main-chain polymer liquid crystal substances, side-chain polymer liquid crystal substances, and liquid crystals of these substances. Mixtures can be used.
- Main chain type polymer liquid crystal substances include polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyurethanes, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzoxazoles, polybenzthiazoles, polyazomethines, polyesters Examples thereof include amide-based, polyestercarbonate-based, polyesterimide-based, and other high-molecular liquid crystal substances, and mixtures thereof.
- the side chain type polymer liquid crystal substance may be a linear or cyclic structure such as a polyatalylate type, a polymethacrylate type, a polyvinyl type, a polysiloxane type, a polyether type, a polymalonate type, and a polyester type.
- a main chain type polymer liquid crystal material is preferred because of ease of synthesis and orientation, among which a polyester type is particularly preferred.
- Preferred examples of the constituent units of the polymer include aromatic or aliphatic diol units, aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units, and aromatic or aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid units.
- Examples of the low-molecular liquid crystal substance include saturated benzenecarboxylic acid derivatives, unsaturated benzenecarboxylic acid derivatives, biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives, aromatic oxycarboxylic acid derivatives, Schiff base derivatives, bisazomethine compound derivatives. Azo compound derivatives, azoxy compound derivatives, cyclohexane ester compound derivatives, steronolene compound derivatives, etc .; Examples thereof include a composition in which a crosslinkable compound is added to a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 can be obtained by forming an alignment film on a transparent substrate, performing a rubbing treatment on the alignment film, applying a liquid crystal material containing the cholesteric liquid crystal as an essential component, and performing a heat treatment. it can.
- the alignment substrates 7 and 8 are transparent to excitation light and fluorescence of the dye 5 and There is no particular limitation as long as the liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 can be supported.
- the alignment substrates 7 and 8 include polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, and polyetherene ketone. And polyetherenoate ketones, polyetherenolesulfones, polysulfones, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylates, triacetyl cellulose, epoxy resins, phenolic resins and the like, or uniaxially stretched films of these films. .
- these films show sufficient alignment ability for the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 without having to perform a treatment to express the alignment ability again.
- these films may be stretched under appropriate heating if necessary, or a so-called rubbing treatment may be performed in which the film surface is rubbed in one direction with rayon cloth or the like.
- a rubbing treatment is performed by providing an orientation film made of a known orientation agent such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, or a silane coupling agent on the film, or an oblique deposition treatment of silicon oxide or the like is performed. It is acceptable to use a film that has an orientation ability by appropriately combining the two.
- Various glass plates having regular fine grooves on the surface can also be used as the alignment substrates 7 and 8.
- alignment substrates 7, 8 those obtained by forming rubbed polyimide finolems 11, 12 on transparent substrates 9, 10 are preferably used.
- the laser oscillation element 1 can be manufactured as follows.
- transparent alignment substrates 7 and 8 are prepared.
- the alignment substrates 7 and 8 for example, a glass substrate on which a rubbed alignment film is formed is used.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal constituting the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 is mixed with a solvent to prepare a liquid crystal solution having a predetermined concentration, and this liquid crystal solution is applied on the alignment films of the alignment substrates 7 and 8. As a result, the cholesteric liquid crystal is aligned.
- the orientation of the cholesteric liquid crystal is formed by heat treatment or the like. In the heat treatment, the liquid crystal is oriented to the self-alignment capability inherent in the liquid crystal material by heating to a temperature range in which a liquid crystal phase appears.
- the conditions for heat treatment cannot be specified unconditionally because the optimum conditions and limit values differ depending on the liquid crystal phase behavior temperature (transition temperature) of the liquid crystal substance used, but it is usually 10-300 ° C, preferably 30-250 ° C. It is a range. If the temperature is too low, the alignment of the liquid crystal may not proceed sufficiently. If the temperature is too high, the liquid crystal substance may be decomposed or the alignment substrate may be adversely affected.
- the heat treatment time is usually in the range of 3 seconds to 60 minutes, preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes. If the heat treatment time is shorter than 3 seconds, the alignment of the liquid crystal may not be sufficiently completed, and if the heat treatment time is longer than 60 minutes, productivity is extremely deteriorated.
- the solvent constituting the liquid crystal solution varies depending on the type of cholesteric liquid crystal to be used.
- hydrocarbon solvents such as tonolenene, xylene, butynolebenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, and decahydronaphthalene, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the like.
- Ethers such as tyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, lactic acid Echiru, E ester system such as gamma _ Buchirorataton, Nyu- methyl-2_ pyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, amide such as dimethyl ⁇ Seto amide, dichloro Methane, carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloro-E Tan, black hole benzene of halogen hydrocarbon-based, butyl alcohol, triethylene glycol, diacetone alcohol, alcohol and the like xylene da recall, and the like to.
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone,
- the concentration of the solution cannot be determined unequivocally because it varies depending on the molecular weight and solubility of the cholesteric liquid crystal used, and finally the thickness of the target cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3. It is 60% by weight, preferably 3-40% by weight.
- a surfactant may be added to the liquid crystal solution to facilitate application.
- the surfactant include imidazoline, quaternary ammonium salts, alkylamine oxides, and polyamine derivatives.
- Cationic surfactants polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene condensates, primary or secondary alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, polyethylene glycol and its esters, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, lauryl sulfate Amine, alkyl-substituted aromatic sulfonate, alkyl phosphate, aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid formalin condensate, etc.
- Ionic surfactants amphoteric surfactants such as laurylamidopropyl betaine and laurylaminoacetate betaine
- nonionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene alkylamine, perfluoroalkyl sulfone Perfluoroalkylcarboxylate, perfluoroalkylethylene oxide adduct, perfluoroalkyltrimethylammonium salt, oligomers containing perfluoroalkyl groups and hydrophilic groups, Examples thereof include oligomers containing a fluoroalkyl and a lipophilic group, and fluorine-based surfactants such as urethane containing a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the amount of the surfactant to be added depends on the type of the surfactant, the solvent, or the force S depending on the alignment film of the alignment substrate 7 or 8 to be coated. , Preferably 50 ppm-5%, more preferably 0.01% -1%.
- a cross-linking agent such as a bisazide compound / glycidyl methacrylate which does not hinder the development of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is added to the liquid crystal solution. It is also possible to knead and crosslink in a later step.
- the method of applying the liquid crystal solution is not particularly limited as long as uniformity of the coating film is ensured, and a known method can be employed. For example, a roll coating method, a die coating method, a dip coating method, a curtain coating method, a spin coating method and the like can be mentioned. After the application, a solvent removal (drying) step by a method such as heating or blowing hot air may be inserted.
- the thickness of the applied film in a dry state is usually 0.3 to 20 x m, preferably 0.5 to 10 x m, and more preferably 0.7 to 3 z m. Outside this range, the optical performance of the obtained cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 may be insufficient, or the orientation of the cholesteric liquid crystal may be insufficient.
- the alignment is fixed.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal on the alignment substrates 7 and 8 is fixed as it is by using a means suitable for the liquid crystal used.
- Such means include, for example, glass fixation by rapid cooling, and energy such as heat, ultraviolet rays, and electron beams. Cross-linking by irradiation of lugi.
- the alignment substrates 7 and 8 are connected to each other via a spacer (not shown) so that the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 face inside. At this time, the alignment substrates 7 and 8 are connected so that the director of the cholesteric liquid crystal on the inner surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the director of the cholesteric liquid crystal on the inner surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 are parallel.
- a solution in which the nematic liquid crystal 6 and the dye 5 are mixed in a solvent is prepared, and the solution is sealed in a space between the alignment substrates 7 and 8 by using a capillary phenomenon, and then the solution is heated. To remove the solvent. As a result, a defect layer 4 is obtained between the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3.
- the director of the cholesteric liquid crystal on the inner surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the director of the cholesteric liquid crystal on the inner surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 are parallel, the nematic liquid crystal 6 exhibits a nematic liquid crystal phase state.
- the director is oriented in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the orientation substrates 7 and 8. As described above, laser oscillation element 1 is obtained.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 are connected to each other via a spacer, the solution is sealed, and the solvent is removed to align the nematic liquid crystal 6 so that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 6 is aligned.
- Force forming the defect layer 4 between the liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 When the orientation of the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6 is fixed and the defect layer 4 is originally produced, that is, the defect layer 4 is formed from a polymer film.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2, the defect layer 4, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 may be mutually laminated using an adhesive or the like.
- the above-described excitation light is incident on, for example, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2. Then, the excitation light passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and is incident on the defect layer 4, and excites the dye 5 to cause fluorescence emission, thereby enabling laser oscillation. At this time, the laser oscillation element 1 must Becomes possible. In other words, the laser oscillation element 1 can oscillate sufficiently high-intensity laser light even if its thickness is small. Further, according to the laser oscillation element 1, continuous laser oscillation can be caused.
- the laser oscillation occurs with high efficiency in the defect layer 4 because the transition moment of the dye is oriented parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3, so that the absorption of the dye 5
- the present inventors consider that the efficiency and the extraction efficiency of fluorescence are sufficiently high, or that the defect layer 4 is made of an anisotropic medium.
- the helical winding direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 is left, but the helical winding direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 is the same. If so, it may be right.
- the laser oscillation device of the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the laser oscillation device 1 described above.
- the dye 5 in the laser oscillation element 1, the dye 5 is contained in the defect layer 4.
- the defect layer 4 is made of an anisotropic medium, the dye 5 becomes the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. It suffices that at least one of the layers 3 and 4 is included. Therefore, in laser oscillation element 1, when it is included in either cholesteric layer 2 or cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3, dye 5 may not be included in the remaining layers.
- the nematic liquid crystal 6 does not necessarily need to be included in the same layer as the dye 5.
- the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6 may be included in different layers.
- the dye 5 when the dye 5 is contained in both the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3, the dye 5 may not be contained in the defect layer 4. Further, the dye 5 may be contained in all of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3, and the defect layer 4.
- the transition moment of the dye 5 is such that the transition moment is oriented parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3 if the defect layer is made of an anisotropic medium. In the defect layer 4, it may be randomly oriented, or it may be.
- the defect layer 4 is composed of the one containing the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6, but in the laser oscillation device of the present invention, the defect layer 4 is made of an anisotropic medium. Means that the defect layer 4 is limited to those containing the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6. Not. Therefore, in place of the one containing the dye 5 and the nematic liquid crystal 6, a uniaxial or biaxial optical medium, such as a stretched plastic film made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, norbornene, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., quartz It is also possible to use uniaxial crystals such as calcite, biaxial crystals such as muscovite and gypsum.
- the defect layer 4 includes not only the dye 5 but also the nematic liquid crystal 6.
- the transition moment of the dye 5 is oriented parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2 and 3.
- the defect layer 4 does not necessarily need to include the nematic liquid crystal 6.
- the defect layer 4 is replaced with a liquid crystal material such as a smectic liquid crystal or a cholesteric liquid crystal, or a polycarbonate, polystyrene, a cycloolefin polymer, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polysulfone, an acrylic resin, instead of the nematic liquid crystal 6. It may contain a plastic material such as a urethane resin.
- a liquid crystal mixture of a polymer achiral nematic liquid crystal composed of an aromatic polyester and a polymer chiral nematic liquid crystal composed of an aromatic polyester (LC film manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.) was used. Dissolved in the solution to obtain a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal solution.
- the mixing ratio of the polymer chiral nematic liquid crystal in the liquid crystal mixture was 93 wt%, and the concentration of the mixture in the high molecular cholesteric liquid crystal solution was 1 Owt%.
- This polymer cholesteric liquid crystal solution was spin-cast on a glass substrate having a unidirectionally rubbed polyimide alignment film 1254 manufactured by CIS R Co., Ltd., and then heated to 180 ° C. with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal solution. For 2 minutes. In this way, a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) film having a good orientation and a thickness of about 1.8 ⁇ was obtained on a glass substrate. At this time, the spiral axis of the PCLC film was perpendicular to the glass substrate surface.
- This PCLC film has the same configuration as an LCP film manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation.
- the two PCLC films are connected to each other by the cholesteric liquid crystal directors on the surface.
- the connection was made through a 12.5 ⁇ m thick spacer made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) so that it was parallel and the PCLC film was placed inside.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- NLC nematic liquid crystal
- R EtH
- a dye-doped NLC solution was prepared by mixing in chloroform. At this time, the concentration of the polymer dye in the NLC was adjusted to 2 wt%.
- the dye-doped NLC solution was introduced into the space between the PCLC films by utilizing the capillary phenomenon, and the chloroform was evaporated at 70 ° C. to form a defect layer.
- a laser oscillation device having a thickness of 16.1 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the chiral nematic mixture ratio in the liquid crystal mixture was 92 wt% and the thickness of the laser oscillation element was changed to 9.6 ⁇ m by changing only the thickness of the defect layer to 6 ⁇ m. Thus, a laser oscillation device was obtained.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the chiral nematic mixture ratio in the liquid crystal mixture was 87 wt% and the thickness of the laser oscillation element was changed to 5.6 ⁇ m by changing only the thickness of the defect layer to 2 ⁇ m. Thus, a laser oscillation device was obtained.
- a laser oscillation device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the laser oscillation device was changed to 2 ⁇ m.
- a laser oscillation device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that one of the two PCLC films and the defect layer were removed.
- a 435-nm pulse laser beam emitted from an optical parametric oscillator ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ PO) was used as the excitation light.
- the third harmonic emitted from the Nd: YAG laser was used for the excitation of OP ⁇ .
- the excitation light was incident obliquely (about 30 °) on the glass substrate surface of the laser oscillation element.
- Light emission from the laser oscillation element was detected by a multi-channel spectrometer (USB2000, manufactured by Ocean boutiques) by a lens disposed in front of the glass substrate, that is, on a normal to the surface of the glass substrate.
- the reflection spectrum was measured with a microscope spectrometer (TMC-120AFT-PC manufactured by ORC).
- the reflection spectrum overlaps with the fluorescent light
- the laser oscillation wavelength emission peak wavelength
- WHM full width of Half Maximum
- the laser oscillation wavelength is 508nm
- WHM full width of Half Maximum
- the reflection spectrum slightly deviates from the fluorescence spectrum
- the laser oscillation wavelength (depending on the longer wavelength side) due to the defect layer of the two laser oscillation wavelengths. Wavelength) was 523 nm
- FWHM was 15 nm or less.
- the reflection spectrum was shifted from the fluorescence spectrum
- the laser oscillation wavelength was 520 nm
- the FWHM was 2.5 nm.
- the bottom of the emission peak was broad.
- a portion having a high reflectance generally contributes to selective reflection by a cholesteric liquid crystal. Selective reflection reflects 50% of the incident light and transmits the remaining 50%. Therefore, the fact that the reflectance exceeds 50% means that there is a structural factor that increases the intensity of reflected light in the laser oscillation element of the second embodiment.
- Thickness 1.35 x m
- n is a refractive index for extraordinary light
- n is a refractive index for ordinary light
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the simulation experiment.
- the solid line is (3)
- the dashed line is
- the pumping light source of the laser oscillation device obtained in Example 4 was a He-Cd (helium-cadmium) laser. Was changed to continuous light of 442 nm emitted from.
- a rotating neutral density filter was installed immediately after the emission port of the He-Cd laser so that the incident energy (light quantity) to the laser oscillation element could be continuously adjusted.
- the excitation light transmitted through the neutral density filter was incident obliquely (about 30 °) on the glass substrate surface of the laser oscillation element.
- Light emission from the laser oscillation element was detected by a multi-channel spectrometer (USB2000 manufactured by Oceano boutiques) using a lens arranged in front of the glass substrate, that is, on a normal to the surface of the glass substrate.
- FIG. 5 shows the emission light spectrum with respect to the incident energy
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the incident energy and the light intensity of the maximum peak of the light emission from the laser oscillation element.
- the small graph shown in FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change in the maximum peak intensity of light emission in a region where the incident energy is low, and is shown on an enlarged scale.
- the unit of the horizontal axis is W / cm 2
- the unit of the vertical axis is an arbitrary unit.
- the incident energy and the outgoing light have a substantially linear relationship. Since the laser oscillation-specific peak is observed in the emitted light in the low energy region of less than 0. lWZcm 2, no threshold of substantially incident energy was confirmed les, the isosamples cause continuous laser oscillation .
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Abstract
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US10/575,238 US7826510B2 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-10-08 | Laser oscillation elements |
EP04792225A EP1672753B1 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-10-08 | Laser oscillation device |
DE602004022437T DE602004022437D1 (de) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-10-08 | Laser-oszillationseinrichtung |
AT04792225T ATE438942T1 (de) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-10-08 | Laser-oszillationseinrichtung |
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JP2003352809 | 2003-10-10 | ||
JP2003-352830 | 2003-10-10 | ||
JP2003-352809 | 2003-10-10 | ||
JP2003352830 | 2003-10-10 | ||
JP2004005927A JP4102762B2 (ja) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-01-13 | レーザ発振素子 |
JP2004-005932 | 2004-01-13 | ||
JP2004005932A JP4102763B2 (ja) | 2003-10-10 | 2004-01-13 | レーザ発振素子 |
JP2004-005927 | 2004-01-13 |
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EP (1) | EP1672753B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100833090B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE438942T1 (ja) |
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JP2007019447A (ja) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-01-25 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | レーザ発振素子 |
JP2009003400A (ja) * | 2007-05-18 | 2009-01-08 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 光反射フィルム及びこれを用いたレーザ発振素子 |
CN111585169A (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种液晶激光显示面板及其构建方法 |
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GB2504003B (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2015-08-12 | Alphamicron Inc | Continuous wave directional emission liquid crystal structures and devices |
WO2014074136A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Continuous-wave organic dye lasers and methods |
KR20160000045A (ko) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-01-04 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 |
KR101716730B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-03-15 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 레이저 발진소자 |
CN108663867A (zh) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-16 | 华南师范大学 | 一种染料掺杂的激光防护膜 |
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JPH06318766A (ja) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-11-15 | Toshiba Corp | レーザー発振装置および太陽電池 |
US20020118710A1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2002-08-29 | Kopp Victor Il?Apos;Ich | Thin-film large-area coherent light source, filter and amplifier apparatus and method |
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CA2327662C (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2009-06-09 | Chiral Photonics, Inc. | Chiral twist laser and filter apparatus and method |
ATE399998T1 (de) * | 2001-03-14 | 2008-07-15 | Chiral Photonics Inc | Chirales faser-bragg-gitter |
CN1666579A (zh) * | 2002-05-08 | 2005-09-07 | 泽奥勒克斯公司 | 使用反馈增强型发光二极管的照明器件 |
JP2005172876A (ja) | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水分回収装置及び移動式気象体験装置 |
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- 2004-10-08 KR KR1020067008852A patent/KR100833090B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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JPH06318766A (ja) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-11-15 | Toshiba Corp | レーザー発振装置および太陽電池 |
US20020118710A1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2002-08-29 | Kopp Victor Il?Apos;Ich | Thin-film large-area coherent light source, filter and amplifier apparatus and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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OZAKI R. ET AL.: "Optical properties and laser action in one-dimensional periodic dielectrics containing liquid crystal as defect layer", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS, vol. 2, June 2003 (2003-06-01), pages 528 - 531, XP010649175 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007019447A (ja) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-01-25 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | レーザ発振素子 |
JP2009003400A (ja) * | 2007-05-18 | 2009-01-08 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | 光反射フィルム及びこれを用いたレーザ発振素子 |
CN111585169A (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种液晶激光显示面板及其构建方法 |
CN111585169B (zh) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种液晶激光显示面板及其构建方法 |
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DE602004022437D1 (de) | 2009-09-17 |
US20070165687A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
EP1672753B1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
EP1672753A4 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
ATE438942T1 (de) | 2009-08-15 |
US7826510B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 |
EP1672753A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
KR100833090B1 (ko) | 2008-05-29 |
KR20060086392A (ko) | 2006-07-31 |
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