WO2005033767A1 - Konfokales laser-scanning-mikroskop - Google Patents
Konfokales laser-scanning-mikroskop Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005033767A1 WO2005033767A1 PCT/EP2004/010344 EP2004010344W WO2005033767A1 WO 2005033767 A1 WO2005033767 A1 WO 2005033767A1 EP 2004010344 W EP2004010344 W EP 2004010344W WO 2005033767 A1 WO2005033767 A1 WO 2005033767A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spots
- spot
- along
- microscope
- excitation
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a conf ⁇ cal laser scanning microscope with an excitation beam path that bundles the excitation beam in several spots located in an object plane, and a detection beam path that confocally images the spots by means of pinhole diaphragms on a multi-channel detector, and with a scanning device that causes a two-dimensional relative movement between an object located in the object plane and the spots.
- Another confocal laser scanning microscope of the type mentioned is known from US ⁇ .028.306.
- a spot distribution with several spots is imaged in an object plane by means of a laser light source and a microlens array.
- the spots are imaged confocally using an aperture array.
- An x / y beam scanner scans the area to be examined, in one embodiment the spots being shifted over a path length which is the same as the distance between neighboring spots. This allows a large area to be scanned with a small beam deflection, since the each of the adjacent individual spots covers a small area and all these areas together fill the scanned area.
- a disadvantage of this arrangement is that the small scanned areas must meet seamlessly with tolerances in the micrometer range. In some applications, overexposure would cause bleaching and saturation effects of fluorophores that cannot be compensated for.
- the invention has for its object to provide a laser scanning microscope of the type mentioned, with which an object can be scanned quickly.
- This task is accomplished in a confocal laser scanning microscope with an excitation beam path that bundles excitation radiation in several spots 30 located in an object plane (11) and a detection beam path that confocates the spots (30) onto a multichannel by means of pinhole diaphragms (14.2).
- the object is thus scanned in strips, each strip being detected in that all spots are passed over it.
- the object area to be detected is therefore not divided into individual areas to be seamlessly joined together, each of which is sensed by a spot, but rather all spots detect fluorescent radiation from the strip.
- the next strip of the object is imaged by a subsequent displacement of the spots in a second direction, which is preferably orthogonal to the first direction.
- the object area is thus divided into strips, with all spots being guided over each strip.
- the generation of the spot pattern is expediently carried out by means of a microlens array not used for the detection in the excitation beam path, the microlens array bringing about a line-shaped or a rectangular or square arrangement of the spots.
- the pinhole covers are of course adapted to the spot pattern; in the case of a cell-shaped microlens array, an aperture row will be used; in the case of a rectangular or square spot pattern, a corresponding aperture array is provided.
- the pinhole diaphragms are advantageously not located in the excitation beam path, but are, for example, arranged upstream of the multi-channel detector, since then no disturbing excitation beam reflections occur. There are separate diffraction-limiting ones for the generation and for the detection of the spots Objects provided and a central aperture, which is part of both the excitation and the detection beam path, can be disregarded.
- This distance should preferably be at least ten times the spot diameter.
- a large distance between adjacent spots can be realized particularly easily if the spot pattern is tilted with respect to the first direction in such a way that the spots have a distance perpendicular to the direction equal to or less than the spot diameter.
- This configuration ensures, on the one hand, that the strip of the object is scanned without gaps during the displacement along the first direction and, on the other hand, that an almost arbitrarily large distance between adjacent spots can be set.
- the tilt or inclination of the spot pattern with respect to the first direction with which the scanning device moves the beam relatively can be achieved in an optical scanning device in that the element producing the optical spots in the excitation beam path, for example the aforementioned microlens array, as well as the pinhole diaphragms and the multi-channel detector can be rotated about the optical axis with respect to the first direction in the beam path.
- the element producing the optical spots in the excitation beam path for example the aforementioned microlens array, as well as the pinhole diaphragms and the multi-channel detector can be rotated about the optical axis with respect to the first direction in the beam path.
- the microscope according to the invention can particularly preferably choose the path of displacement along the first direction significantly larger than the distance between adjacent spots, so that the problem mentioned with respect to US Pat. No. 6,028,306 that small areas must be joined together seamlessly is avoided.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of spot distribution and scanning movement in a spot line
- FIG. 5 shows a scanning movement with a square spot distribution
- Fig. 6 shows a laser scanning microscope similar to that of Figure 2, but with a table scanner.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional laser scanning microscope with an optical beam scanner, an object being scanned with a beam.
- the radiation from a laser 1 is adapted to the requirements of the microscope with regard to the beam parameters such as waist position and beam cross section with an optical arrangement 2.
- the excitation or illumination radiation is coupled into the general beam path via a divider 3 and directed to beam scanners 4 and 5.
- the beam scanners are closely adjacent and are arranged in the immediate vicinity of a pupil of the beam path can be controlled separately.
- a downstream scanning optics 6 generates a spot image in all the different beam deflections generated by the scanners in an image plane 7.
- a tube lens 8 collects the radiation in an aperture plane 9, from which an objective 10 generates a reduced spot image in an object plane 11.
- sample parts at the spot emit fluorescence radiation with radiation which is shifted longer than the excitation radiation, which is collected again by the objective 10 and which runs the same way back through the arrangement described.
- the beam splitter 3 effects a separation of the fluorescent radiation into a detection beam path.
- An interference filter 12 separates portions of the short-wave excitation radiation that are still present in the beam path.
- a lens 13 generates a spot image in a pinhole plane 13 from the object spot 11 that is just illuminated or fluorescent.
- a detector 15 downstream of this in this case a single-point receiver, delivers a radiation-intensity-dependent video signal, which is converted into an image signal by a connected evaluation unit ,
- the splitter 3 is not a wavelength-selective, dichroic beam splitter, but a simple neutral beam splitter.
- the emission filter 12 is then omitted.
- the size of the pinhole diaphragm With the size of the pinhole diaphragm, the size of the object structure to be detected can be adjusted and with smaller diaphragm diameters, a greater depth discrimination in the Object level is set, ie the depth range is set from which radiation is taken to form the image. In this way, disruptive beam components from other depth ranges can be eliminated. This is the decisive advantage of laser scanning microscopy over conventional light microscopy.
- FIG. 2 shows a confocal multichannel laser scanning microscope which, except for the deviations described below, corresponds to the design according to FIG. 1.
- the arrangement is equipped for multi-channel operation.
- a collimated laser beam is expanded accordingly by a telescope 2.2, so that it illuminates a lens array 16 as completely and uniformly as possible.
- the lens array 16 to be selected depends on the geometry and the number and distribution of the channels according to the detector array used, for , B.
- the corresponding multianode photomultiplter tubes from Hamamatsu for example the type H7546 with 8 x 8 individual receivers or H7260 a linearly arranged detector array with 1 x 32 individual receivers.
- the lens array 16 In the first case a lens array (square arrangement) with 8 x 8 microlenses is required, in the second case a linear array (row) with 32 microlenses in a row.
- the individual lenses of the lens array 16 have a sufficiently uniform focal length, which e.g. in the case of production using lithographic processes.
- the expansion optics 2.2 for the laser beam are dimensioned accordingly for the illumination of the respective lens array 16.
- the homogeneity of the illumination must be taken into account here.
- corresponding holographic optical elements (HOE) can also be used to improve the illumination.
- the expanded and collimated beam is broken down into several partial beams by the lens array 16.
- Fan-shaped collimated bundles of rays emanate from the aperture image, one bundle for each spot.
- the size of the scanners are dimensioned in such a way that they detect all beams even when fully deflected.
- a scanning optical system detects the beam bundle and generates a spot distribution in an image plane 7, ie an arrangement of several individual spots, which moves with the scanner movement.
- a fixed or adjustable diaphragm arrangement 7 is attached in the image plane 7, which marks exactly the area to be scanned so that spots, which are due to the measuring regime, lie outside the desired image area, do not reach the object field and there fluorescence bleaching, saturation or other irreversible Can cause sample changes.
- the spot distribution is imaged into the object plane 11 in a reduced manner via a tube lens 8 and an objective 10.
- the fluorescent structure or sample located in the object plane is excited by the migrating spot distribution to emit generally longer-wave fluorescent radiation. This takes the same way back to the main color splitter due to the optical arrangement as the excitation radiation.
- the beam passage is scanned, ie canceled, by the passage twice over the scanner, so that a stationary beam is created in the section between scanner 4 and detector, which is now designed as a detector array 15.2.
- the dichroic beam splitter 3 separates the detection beam path from the excitation beam path, an emission filter 12 blocking off residual residues of the excitation light.
- a lens system 18 and 13 produces a focus in a further image plane located immediately in front of the detector array 15.2.
- a confocal pinhole array 14.2 lies in this image plane. It is adjusted to the position of the spot distribution generated by the lens array 16 and acts analogously to the pinhole diaphragm 14 and separates light from different depth planes of the sample attached to the object plane 11.
- the individual channels of the detector array 15.2 simultaneously assign each spot, coupled with the scanner movement, time signals which can be assembled into an image in an electronic evaluation.
- FIG. 3 shows the spot distribution in a linear (row) arrangement of lens array 16, detector array 15.2 and pinhole array 14.2.
- the scanning process is shown over an area 34 to be scanned.
- the starting point for the scanning process is, for example, a position of an inclined spot row to the right of an area 34.
- the first scanner moves the spot row in a direction 32 and shifts the spots 30 over a strip of the object field.
- the second scanner then takes action and shifts all spots 30 in the direction of 33.
- the first scanner then moves back in the direction of 32 and a second adjacent strip is imaged. This continues to scan the entire area.
- Each spot 30 runs on a track 31 and all tracks 31 cover a strip together.
- the scan length in direction 32 is determined by the length of area 34, increased by the length of the spot distribution along direction 32.
- the row of spots is shown much longer than the corresponding dimensions of area 34.
- the length of the spot row if the spot distance is 10 times the diameter, is 100 ⁇ m.
- the spots 30 lie on an inclined straight line 34 with respect to the direction 32 or the tracks 31.
- the spot radius 35 is dimensioned to match the resolution of the objective 10. At a given wavelength and diffraction-limited optical design, this is only determined by the reciprocal numerical aperture.
- the spots 30 have at least a distance 36 in the projection perpendicular to the scanning direction 32 or path 31, the size of a spot radius 35.
- the distance 36 is determined by the crosstalk between neighboring spots 30 and is calculated according to the image function (point spread function PSF).
- the lens array 16 is set up at this angle at an angle to the direction 32 or path 31.
- the spot array 30.5 is not detailed in the illustration.
- the inclination specified between the individual spots, which is now expressed as an array inclination, is also set here, and the inclined image is scanned over the sample area 34.
- FIG. 6 shows an arrangement with an x / y table scanner.
- the optical structure is analog here. Light microscope.
- the image of the spot distribution arises in the image plane in front of the receiver 15.2, in which the confocal pinhole array 14.2 is arranged.
- the sample is moved with the x / y scanning table in the directions indicated, analogously to 32 and 33 or 32.5 and 33.5 in FIGS. 3 and 5.
- such an arrangement is advantageous in order to quickly also detect larger sample areas 34.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006527313A JP2007506146A (ja) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-15 | 共焦点レーザ走査顕微鏡 |
US10/572,979 US20070041090A1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-15 | Confocal laser scanning microscope |
EP04765251A EP1664887A1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-15 | Konfokales laser-scanning-mikroskop |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10344060.7 | 2003-09-23 | ||
DE10344060A DE10344060A1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Konfokales Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005033767A1 true WO2005033767A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=34398873
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/010344 WO2005033767A1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-15 | Konfokales laser-scanning-mikroskop |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070041090A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1664887A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007506146A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10344060A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005033767A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010126790A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-04 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | A novel multi-point scan architecture |
US8119022B2 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2012-02-21 | Ceracomp Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric single crystal and method of production of same, piezoelectric element, and dielectric element |
CN106802233A (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-06 | 上海汇珏网络通信设备有限公司 | 一种微透镜阵列测试装置及方法 |
WO2019086680A1 (de) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abrastern einer probe |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2181351A2 (de) * | 2007-08-16 | 2010-05-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Verfahren zum abbilden einer probe |
JP2009181088A (ja) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Nikon Corp | 共焦点ユニット、共焦点顕微鏡、および共焦点絞り |
RU2010142912A (ru) * | 2008-03-20 | 2012-04-27 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс Н.В. (Nl) | Двухмерная решетка излучающих точек для оптического сканирующего устройства |
US8618508B2 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2013-12-31 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Detection system and method |
DE102011104379B4 (de) | 2011-06-18 | 2021-11-25 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Konfokales Rastermikroskop und Verwendung, Steuerverfahren sowie programmierbare Steuereinheit für ein solches Mikroskop |
DE102013021482A1 (de) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Verfahren zur Scanning-Mikroskopie und Scanning-Mikroskop |
DE102014107606A1 (de) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Funktionsintegriertes Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop |
CN105954194B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-08-13 | 大连理工大学 | 一种基于光锥的便携式光流控显微成像装置及系统 |
US10989903B2 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-04-27 | Washington State University | Modular scanning confocal optical profile microscopy with digital imaging processing |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6028306A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 2000-02-22 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Scanning microscope |
US6038067A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 2000-03-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Scanning computed confocal imager |
US20020141051A1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-03 | Vogt William I. | Single and multi-aperture, translationally-coupled confocal microscope |
US20030067680A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-10 | The Ariz Bd Of Regents On Behalf Of The Univ Of Az | Inter-objective baffle system |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9218482D0 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1992-10-14 | Dixon Arthur E | Apparatus and method for scanning laser imaging of macroscopic samples |
DE69530072T2 (de) * | 1994-12-08 | 2004-03-04 | Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale | System zur fluoreszenzabbildung unter verwendung eines objektivs mit makroabtastung |
AU1975197A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-10-01 | Kenneth C. Johnson | Microlens scanner for microlithography and wide-field confocal microscopy |
DE19653413C2 (de) * | 1996-12-22 | 2002-02-07 | Stefan Hell | Rastermikroskop, bei dem eine Probe in mehreren Probenpunkten gleichzeitig optisch angeregt wird |
-
2003
- 2003-09-23 DE DE10344060A patent/DE10344060A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-09-15 WO PCT/EP2004/010344 patent/WO2005033767A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-15 EP EP04765251A patent/EP1664887A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-15 US US10/572,979 patent/US20070041090A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-15 JP JP2006527313A patent/JP2007506146A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6038067A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 2000-03-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Scanning computed confocal imager |
US6028306A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 2000-02-22 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Scanning microscope |
US20020141051A1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-03 | Vogt William I. | Single and multi-aperture, translationally-coupled confocal microscope |
US20030067680A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-10 | The Ariz Bd Of Regents On Behalf Of The Univ Of Az | Inter-objective baffle system |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8119022B2 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2012-02-21 | Ceracomp Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric single crystal and method of production of same, piezoelectric element, and dielectric element |
WO2010126790A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-04 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | A novel multi-point scan architecture |
US8773760B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2014-07-08 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Multi-point scan architecture |
CN106802233A (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-06-06 | 上海汇珏网络通信设备有限公司 | 一种微透镜阵列测试装置及方法 |
CN106802233B (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2023-04-25 | 上海汇珏网络通信设备股份有限公司 | 一种微透镜阵列测试装置及方法 |
WO2019086680A1 (de) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abrastern einer probe |
US11747604B2 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2023-09-05 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Method and device for scanning a sample |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10344060A1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1664887A1 (de) | 2006-06-07 |
US20070041090A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
JP2007506146A (ja) | 2007-03-15 |
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