WO2005033678A1 - 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 - Google Patents
画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005033678A1 WO2005033678A1 PCT/JP2004/013349 JP2004013349W WO2005033678A1 WO 2005033678 A1 WO2005033678 A1 WO 2005033678A1 JP 2004013349 W JP2004013349 W JP 2004013349W WO 2005033678 A1 WO2005033678 A1 WO 2005033678A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- image processing
- image
- dye
- amount
- processing device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
- G06T2207/30024—Cell structures in vitro; Tissue sections in vitro
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing device and an image processing method for evaluating a physical property of an object using an optical filter.
- RGB camera when performing imaging for the purpose of image processing, there have been many cases where an RGB camera is used and color information is obtained.
- the color information obtained by an RGB camera is similar to human visual information, and therefore has the characteristic that it is easy for humans to accept the content.
- the color information is subjective information located in the middle of the human visual recognition processing, and it is difficult to perform physical objective rendering. That is, human perception of color changes depending on the observation environment and psychological state, and it is not easy to perform quantitative ⁇ and regular ⁇ . This makes it difficult to form a criterion, for example, when recognizing a lesion in a tissue specimen based on color information.
- the spectral characteristics of an object are physical characteristics unique to the object, and can be quantitatively determined as objective values that are not affected by human subjectivity. It is possible to use the feature quantity derived from this as an objective criterion.
- a spectral image is obtained by acquiring spectral data of a target for each pixel of the image and arranging the spectral data in an image-like manner, and includes important physical information about the target.
- W099Z16353 discloses an ophthalmologic biological biodiagnosis method in which reflected light of light applied to the fundus is separated by an interferometer, and the spectrum is processed to recognize hemoglobin concentration in retinal blood vessels. Disclose!
- spectral processing has the following drawbacks, and it is difficult to say that it is currently widely used. That is, first, in order to take a spectrum image, a camera equipped with spectral means is necessary. Such cameras are more expensive and more expensive than conventional RGB cameras. In addition, the amount of data of a captured image becomes enormous, which imposes a heavy burden on the storage capacity and transmission band. Furthermore, processing a large amount of data requires more computational cost to process spectral images than conventional image processing.
- the above-mentioned W099Z16353 is a configuration in which reflected light of light radiated to the fundus is spectrally separated by an interferometer and a force spectrum is obtained. Scanning is required. Therefore, downsizing of the device is difficult due to its configuration.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is an image processing apparatus capable of imaging with a small number of bands, analyzing spectral characteristics with high accuracy, and acquiring useful physical quantities with a simple configuration. And an image processing method.
- an imaging unit for imaging an object illuminated by the transmissive illumination by an imaging element via an optical filter, and an image captured by the imaging unit To calculate the physical quantity associated with the target for each target pixel Calculating means, wherein the number of optical filters used for the imaging is equal to the number of independent components of the physical quantity calculated by the calculating means.
- an object illuminated by the transmissive illumination is imaged through the optical filter. Calculating a physical quantity related to the object; and providing an image processing method equal to the number of independent components of the calculated physical quantity.
- an image of an object dyed with a plurality of predetermined dyes is taken through a plurality of optical filters having different spectral characteristics, and from the taken image, Calculating and estimating the amount of each of the plurality of dyes associated with the object for each target pixel; analyzing the object based on the distribution of the estimated amount of each dye; And the number of the optical filters is a number equal to the number of independent components of the dye amount calculated and estimated, and the combined power of different spectral characteristics of the plurality of optical filters is calculated and estimated.
- a pre-selected image processing method is provided to minimize the estimation error of the dye amount.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an image processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a stained tissue specimen.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional color classification device as an example of a multiband image capturing device.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating characteristics of a plurality of bandpass filters used in a rotating color filter used in the color classification device in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a configuration of a rotating color filter.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram showing another configuration of the rotating color filter.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the image processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another modified example of the image processing device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an image processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an optical filter configured in a lattice shape.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a local image area. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a translucent object containing a dye is imaged in multiple bands using transmission illumination, the spectral transmittance of each pixel is estimated, and the dye contained in each pixel of interest is estimated from the spectral transmittance. It estimates the amount.
- a pathological tissue specimen is assumed as a translucent object, and hematoxylin and eosin are assumed as pigments. That is, the physical quantity finally obtained is the color quantity of hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of independent components is “2”.
- the image processing apparatus includes an illumination 10, an objective optical system 12, an optical filter 14, an imaging optical system 16, a camera 18, a memory 20, and a spectral characteristic estimating unit 22. , A dye amount estimating unit 24, a display unit 26, and a control unit 28. However, the connection from the control unit 28 to each part of the device is shown in FIG.
- the imaging target 30 is set on a stage (not shown). Then, as shown in FIG. 2, light (incident light 32) is radiated from the side opposite to the camera 18 to the imaging target 30 installed on the stage, as shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 30A indicates a site (mainly cell nucleus) dyed and woven with hematoxylin
- reference numeral 30B indicates a site (mainly cytoplasm) dyed and woven with eosin.
- the light (transmitted light 34) transmitted through the imaging target 30 is imaged by the objective optical system 12 and the imaging optical system 16 on an imaging surface of an imaging element (not shown) of the camera 18.
- the optical filter 14 having a diameter larger than at least the light flux at that time is arranged.
- the optical filter 14 has a replaceable configuration, and the number thereof is the same as the number of independent components of the physical quantity finally obtained. That is, in this embodiment, the number is two.
- a multi-band image can be captured by performing the replacement of the optical filter 14 and the imaging sequentially or in parallel. In this embodiment, a two-band image is obtained for each pixel.
- the multi-band (two-band) images thus captured are stored in the memory 20.
- an optical filter 14 is provided between the objective optical system 12 and the imaging optical system 16.
- Deploying force is not limited to that.
- a configuration in which a replaceable optical filter 14 and a camera 18 are integrated and a filter is replaced with a turret as disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 5,717,605 can be applied.
- the color classification apparatus disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,717,605 includes an optical system 36 including an aperture and a lens, and a plurality of bands each having characteristics as shown in FIG. 4A.
- Rotating color filter 38 composed of pass filters 38A, 38B, 38E, CCD 40 for capturing images of object 42 and reference plate 44, A / D converter 46, frame memory 48, shooting
- the control unit that controls the monitor 50 that displays the part, the CCD drive driver 52, the drive motor 54 for the rotary color filter 38, the CCD drive driver 52, the rotary color filter drive motor 54, etc., and sends commands to the classification arithmetic circuit 58 56, a classification operation circuit 58 for performing classification.
- the rotary color filter 38 is composed of several types of bandpass filters 38A-38E, and each filter transmits an arbitrary bandwidth as shown in FIG. 4A. Characteristics. In this figure, the rotating color filter 38 is composed of five bandpass filters. Note that the USP describes that the arrangement of the optical system 36 and the rotating color filter 38 may be reversed such that the rotating color filter 38 is arranged before the optical system 36.
- the USP discloses the color classification device, but the configuration of the filter replacement is applicable to the present embodiment.
- the present embodiment only two filters need to be used instead of five.
- a variable transmission wavelength optical filter 60 may be used as shown in FIG.
- the optical path is divided according to the number of optical filters using a half mirror 62 or the like, and the optical filter 14 (optical filter “1” 141, optical filter “2” 14-2) and The same number of cameras 18 (camera “1" 18-1 and camera “2" 18-2) may be used for simultaneous imaging.
- a multi-band image of the object can be acquired by using any of the configurations.
- the target image position on the imaging surface of the image sensor of the camera 18 is I have to be stationary! / ,.
- the spectral characteristic estimating unit 22 After the multi-band image is stored in the memory 20 in this way, the spectral characteristic estimating unit 22 As a result, the spectral transmittance of the object is determined for each pixel for the multiband image power.
- the method disclosed in 'Spectral reflectance estimation from multi-oand image using color chart ( ⁇ T_h et al., Optics Communications 188 (2001) 47-54) was applied to transmission observation of translucent objects. Things.
- the spectral transmittance of the optical filter 14 the spectral characteristic of the illumination 10, the spectral sensitivity of the camera 18, the correlation matrix of the spectral transmittance of the imaging target 30, and the imaging noise From the pixel value g (x, y) imaged at the position (X, y) using the correlation matrix of
- Equation 1 f (x, y) can be estimated by Wiener estimation.
- the wavelength range, the wavelength sampling interval, and the number of wavelength samples need to be uniform in the spectral transmittance of the optical filter 14, the spectral characteristics of the illumination 10, and the spectral sensitivity of the camera 18.
- This wavelength range, wavelength sampling interval, and wavelength sampling power are inherited by the wavelength range, wavelength sampling interval, and wavelength sampling number of the Wiener estimation result. Therefore, by controlling data given as spectral characteristics, estimation can be performed with an arbitrary wavelength resolution.
- the wavelength range is in the visible light region and the number of wavelength samples is at least “3” or more.
- each pixel of the multi-band image is set to g (x, y) and the estimation process is performed while sequentially moving the g, it is possible to obtain the spectral transmittance of the imaging target 30 for all pixels in the multi-band image. .
- the spectral transmittance of the imaging target 30 is used. Therefore, the estimated value obtained is also the spectral transmittance. There is no need for such a process.
- the dye amount estimating unit 24 obtains the dye amount of the imaging target 30 for each pixel also for the estimation result of the spectral transmittance by the spectral characteristic estimating unit 22.
- the method disclosed in the above-mentioned publication of Fujii et al., “Analysis of Tissue Specimens Using Spectral Transmittance—Examination of Quantitative Estimation Method for Staining State” is used.
- the eosin dye amount distribution c (X, y) can be regarded as the cytoplasmic distribution.
- the respective dye amount distributions thus estimated are displayed on the display unit 26.
- the optical filter 14 used for the above processing determines the spectral transmittance of the imaging target 30. Since the number of independent components, that is, the number of dyes is "2", the amount of dye is estimated if there are at least two. Spectral characteristics can be selected such that they are possible and further minimize errors in estimated dye amounts. This can be achieved by, for example, preparing a plurality of bandpass filters having different half-widths from the center wavelength, and searching for a combination that minimizes the estimation error of the dye amount.
- the spectral characteristics of the imaging target 30 obtained as a result of the Wiener estimation, and further, the spectral characteristics of the imaging target 30 are obtained.
- the dye amount naturally includes a condition regarding noise characteristics of the image sensor. Therefore, the selection of the optimum filter reflects not only the condition for minimizing the error in the amount of dye but also the condition for the noise characteristics of the image sensor.
- a multiband image of a pathological tissue sample is taken, the spectroscopic transmittance is obtained for each pixel, and a physical quantity called a pigment amount can be obtained two-dimensionally. Hematoxylin and eosin pigment levels are strongly correlated with tissue distribution and provide useful information for destruction of tissue specimens.
- the number of the optical filters 14 used in this embodiment is at most two. Yes, it is enough to capture two band images. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the photographing time and the transmission time, and significantly reduce the storage capacity and the processing time, even though the method includes the spectrum processing.
- the multi-band image pickup unit in the first embodiment is further improved so that filter replacement by mechanical driving and image pickup by splitting of an optical path are not required.
- a pathological tissue specimen is assumed as a translucent object, and hematoxylin and eosin are assumed as pigments. That is, the physical quantity finally obtained is the color quantity of hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of independent components is “2”.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the image processing apparatus according to the present embodiment. However, the connection from the control unit 28 to each part of the apparatus is not shown. Hereinafter, description will be made with reference to FIG.
- the illumination target 10 is illuminated from the opposite side of the camera 18 to the imaging target 30 installed on the stage.
- the transmitted light is imaged on the imaging surface of the imaging device of the camera 18 by the objective optical system 12 and the imaging optical system 16.
- an optical filter 64 having the appearance shown in FIG. 8 is further arranged on the imaging surface of the camera 18 or at an optically conjugate position.
- the optical filter 64 is made of materials 64A and 64B having two types of spectral characteristics, which are laid out in a pine pattern, and the position is adjusted so that each region corresponds to each pixel of the camera 18. .
- one band image is captured. From the captured image, the spectral characteristics and the amount of dye are calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, only one band of the image is obtained for a single pixel. Therefore, a set of adjacent pixels as shown in FIG. 9 is considered as one local image area 66, and the spectral characteristic estimation unit 22 performs the following processing to obtain a pixel value corresponding to two bands. That is,
- the spectral characteristic estimating unit 22 estimates spectral characteristics in the same procedure as in the first embodiment. However, the spectral transmittance is calculated for each local image area 66, not for each pixel.
- the dye amount is estimated by the dye amount estimating unit 24 in the same procedure as in the first embodiment.
- the color element amount is calculated for each local image area 66 instead of for each pixel.
- a multiband image is photographed using a single-chip image sensor, a spectral transmittance is obtained for each set of pixels in the vicinity, and a physical quantity called a dye amount is obtained two-dimensionally.
- a physical quantity called a dye amount is obtained two-dimensionally.
- the effective resolution decreases, it is not difficult to obtain practical resolution information in consideration of the recent increase in the number of pixels of a CCD or CMOS image sensor.
- the number of captured images is one at most, and the data capacity is smaller than that of the first embodiment.
- the first embodiment and the present embodiment are effective when an appropriate mode is selected according to the required resolution and data capacity.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005514383A JPWO2005033678A1 (ja) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-09-14 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
EP04773031A EP1669735A1 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-09-14 | Image processing apparatus and method for processing images |
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JP2003-345997 | 2003-10-03 | ||
JP2003345997 | 2003-10-03 |
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WO2005033678A1 true WO2005033678A1 (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
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PCT/JP2004/013349 WO2005033678A1 (ja) | 2003-10-03 | 2004-09-14 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
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US (1) | US7227122B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1669735A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005033678A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005033678A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2007010340A (ja) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-18 | Olympus Corp | カメラ装置 |
JP2007147507A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | 分光測定方法及び分光測定装置 |
JP2009053116A (ja) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Olympus Corp | 画像処理装置および画像処理プログラム |
JP2009168572A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-30 | Olympus Corp | 画像処理装置および画像処理プログラム |
JP2017026611A (ja) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-02-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 光検出装置および光検出方法 |
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US7073158B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2006-07-04 | Pixel Velocity, Inc. | Automated system for designing and developing field programmable gate arrays |
US7426029B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2008-09-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Color measurement using compact device |
US7822270B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2010-10-26 | Microsoft Corporation | Multimedia color management system |
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US8274714B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2012-09-25 | Microsoft Corporation | Quantifiable color calibration |
US7557826B2 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2009-07-07 | Sony Corporation | Method for device spectral sensitivity reconstruction |
GB2437997B (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2011-07-27 | Eleksen Ltd | Manually operable position sensor |
US20080036864A1 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Mccubbrey David | System and method for capturing and transmitting image data streams |
US20080151049A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-26 | Mccubbrey David L | Gaming surveillance system and method of extracting metadata from multiple synchronized cameras |
GB2459602B (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2011-09-21 | Pixel Velocity Inc | Scalable system for wide area surveillance |
US20090086023A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-04-02 | Mccubbrey David L | Sensor system including a configuration of the sensor as a virtual sensor device |
JP5178226B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2013-04-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | 画像処理装置および画像処理プログラム |
CZ307000B6 (cs) * | 2008-06-20 | 2017-11-08 | Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v.v.i. | Zobrazující spektrograf |
WO2011060385A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Pixel Velocity, Inc. | Method for tracking an object through an environment across multiple cameras |
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JP2007147507A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | 分光測定方法及び分光測定装置 |
JP2009053116A (ja) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Olympus Corp | 画像処理装置および画像処理プログラム |
JP2009168572A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-30 | Olympus Corp | 画像処理装置および画像処理プログラム |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1669735A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
JPWO2005033678A1 (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
US20050073685A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
US7227122B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
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