Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
  • C07K5/06086—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being basic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
  • C07K5/06086—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being basic
  • C07K5/06095—Arg-amino acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• SSTR4 and 1 Sulfonylamino-peptidomimetics active on the somatostatin receptor subtypes 4 (SSTR4) and 1 (SSTR1)
• the present invention relates to 1-naphtalenesulfonylamino based peptidomimetics, which are useful for treating or diagnosing medical disorders related to somatostatin receptor subtype 4 optionally together with subtype 1.
• Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide found endogenously in two major forms made up of 14 (sst-14) or 28 (sst-28) amino acids.
• the shorter sst-14 is identical in sequence to the C-terminal half of sst-28.
• Somatostatin is produced widely in the body and acts both systemically and locally to inhibit the secretion of various hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters.
• the biological effects of somatostatin are mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, of which five subtypes (SSTR1-5) have been cloned in humans (Reisine and Bell 1995; Patel 1999).
• sst-28 has been reported to have a moderate preference for the SSTR5
• the five subtypes are differentially expressed in different tissues and do also show some differences in their interaction with a number of signalling pathways.
• the pleiotropic physiological responses mediated by somatostatin are a reflection of its widespread distribution and the existence of multiple receptor subtypes.
• the family of five somatostatin receptor subtypes can be divided into two subfamilies: one sub- family made up of SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5 and another subfamily made up of SSTR1 and SSTR4.
• the former possesses high and the latter rather low affinity towards the aforementioned hexapeptide and octapeptide analogs (Hoyer et al. 1995).
• SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 may be the optimal subtypes to prevent fibropro- liferative vasculopathy via a somatostatin receptor based therapy.
• Curtis et al. (2000) have described SSTR1 and SSTR4 to represent the predominant subtypes expressed in human blood vessels and have proposed the use of SSTR1- or SSTR4-selective agonists for the treatment of endothelial cell-mediated proliferative diseases. Aavik et al.
• SSTR1 -selective agonist may be useful for the treatment of SSTR1 bear- ing tumors.
• SSTR1 receptors are expressed in prostate cancer (Sinisi et al. 1997, Reubi et al. 1997, Reubi et al. 2001 ) but not in normal prostate tissue.
• any SSTR1 selective ligand may be useful for the diagnosis of prostate tumors or tumors in other tissues expressing the SSTR1 subtype.
• WO97/03054 and US6,221 ,870 describe benzo[g]quinoline-derived (WO097/03054) or ergoline-derived (US6,221 ,870) SSTR1 -selective antagonist as lowering aggressive behavior in mice and, based on this observation, suggest such compounds to be useful for the treatment of depression, anxiety, affective disorders and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders.
• the SSTR4 subtype is expressed at high levels in the rat hippocampus where somatostatin has been reported to play a significant role in the regulation of membrane conductance.
• the hippocampus is a brain structure closely linked to learning and memory, as well as mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, the prominent role of the SSTR4 subtype in the hippocampus suggests that SSTR4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have therapeutic potential.
• SSTR4 selective agonists or antagonists with the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier may have therapeutic potential.
• Mori et al. (1997) have shown that in the rat eye SSTR4 expression predominates in the posterior iris epithelium and ciliary body.
• somatostatin lowers intraocular pressure (iop) and, based on these observations, they have suggested that SSTR4-selective ligands may be useful as anti-glaucoma agents.
• Somatostatin has a very short biological half-life and is therefore unsuitable for therapeutic use.
• a number of shorter hexa- and octapeptide ana- logs of somatostatin with improved biological stability have been identified (e.g. patents US4,485,101 , US5,409,894 or W097/47317).
• these abbreviated peptide analogs are heavily biased in favour of the SSTR2,3,5 subfamily and do not show any significant interaction with the subtypes SSTR1 or SSTR4.
• WO97/14715 and Rivier et al. (2001 ) describe a group of SSTR1 preferring undecapeptide agonists.
• peptides also possess other problematic properties, which make them unsatisfactory as medicines. For example, peptides have a very limited ability to penetrate membranes. This is one of the reasons, why it is in most cases impossible to apply peptides via an oral route and why pep- tides generally do not reach the central nervous system. In recent years, a number of nonpeptide somatostatin agonists have been identified.
• WO97/43278 describes a number of thiourea-based compounds that preferentially interact with the somatostatin SSTR4 and the histamin H 3 subtype.
• US6,329,389 and US6,352,982 provide SSTR4-selective compounds centred around tetrahydroquinoline or 4,1- benzoxazepine scaffolds.
• Neuropeptide FF is an octapeptide originally isolated in 1985 by Yang et al. from bovine brain.
• FF neuropeptide FF receptors are known to exist as two different subtypes called NPFF-1 and NPFF-2 (Bon- ini et al. 2000). Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies by Payza et al. (1993), Gicquel et al. (1994), Bourguignon et al. (1997) and Mazarguil et al.
• the sulfonamido-peptidomimetics are an extension of dansyl-RFamide, a compound which has been introduced by Brussaard et al. (1989) as a tool to study the pharmacological effects of FMRFamide.
• dansyl-RFamide has been shown to bind to NPFF receptor in rat tissue with an affinity of 73 nM (Payza et al. 1993).
• the arginine is not an absolute requirement in order to obtain high affinity on the SSTR4 receptor.
• the arginine can be replaced by a number of other amino acid based motives, provided these motives possess a basic side chain like arginine does. Due to their high selectivity and affinity for SSTR4 and SSTR1 receptor, the compounds of the current invention may be used for a wide variety of therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic applications: 1.
• Compounds of the invention are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epi- lepsy, attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
• the treatment of affective disorders includes bipolar disorders, e.g. manic- depressive psychoses, extreme psychotic states, e.g. mania, and excessive mood swings for which a behavioural stabilization is being sought.
• the treat- ment of anxiety states includes generalized anxiety as well as social anxiety, agoraphobia and those behavioural states characterized by social withdrawal, e.g. negative symptoms .
• Compounds of the invention are advantageous in diseases involving pathological vascular proliferation, e.g.
• angiogenesis restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization.
• the an- giogenic disease may for example be age-related macular degeneration or vascular proliferation associated with surgical procedures, e.g. angioplasty and AV shunts.
• Other possible uses are the treatments of arteriosclerosis, plaque neovascularization, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial angiogenesis, valvular disease, myocardiac infarction, coronary collaterals, cerebral collaterals and ischemic limb angiogenesis. 3.
• Compounds of the invention are also indicated for the treatment of diseases connected to pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals.
• Such conditions may be high intraocular pressure (iop) and/or deep ocular infections.
• Treatable diseases may e.g. be glaucoma, stromal keratitis, ulceris, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis.
• Other diseases connected to the eye may be ocular and corneal angiogenic conditions, for example, corneal graft rejection, retrolental fibroplasia, Osier-Webber Syndrome or rubeosis. 4.
• Compounds of the invention are also useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or symptoms connected to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, Doan syndrome and orthostatic hypotension. 5.
• Compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of a number of tumors such as e.g. the proliferation of adenoma cells, thyroid cancer, large bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, Gl tumors, cholan- giocarcinoma, hepatic cancer, vesical cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, os- teosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumors, thymoma, paragangliomas, prostate carcinomas, sarcomas, gas- troenteropancreatic tumors, gastric carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, epen- dymomas, renal cancers, leukemia e.g., leukemia of basophilic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia,
• Compounds of the invention can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs (such as brain, blood vessels or tumors) possessing in particular SSTR4 receptors. 7. Compounds of the invention are useful for targeting tumors with SSTR1 and/or SSTR4 receptors using a compound of the invention conjugated with anti-cancer drugs directly or using a suitable spacer. 8. Finally, compounds of the invention are useful for wound healing, ovulation, menstruation, placentation, peptic ulcers, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Detailed description of the invention The invention relates to 1-naphthalenesulfonylamino based pepti- domimetics having the following general formula (I)
• R1 is H, methyl or ethyl
• R2 is H or phenyl
• B is 1) -(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(MH)NH 2 , 2) -(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2l 3) -(CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 or 4) wherein asterisk (*) indicates the point of attachment; with the provisio that when B is -(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH)NH 2 , then R1 is not hydrogen.
• the compounds as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are referred to below as the compounds of the invention, unless otherwise indicated.
• the invention includes within its scope all possible stereoisomers of a particular compound, including optical isomers, e.g. enantiomers. Furthermore, the invention includes in its scope both the individual isomers and any mixtures thereof, e.g. racemic mixtures.
• the individual isomers may be obtained using the corresponding isomeric forms of the starting material or they may be sepa- rated after the preparation of the end compound according to conventional separation methods.
• optical isomers e.g. enantiomers
• the conventional resolution methods e.g. fractional crystallisation, may be used.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts e.g.
• compositions of the compounds of the invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• Formulations can for instance enable for oral, buccal, topical, intranasal, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or administration by inhalation or in- sufflation.
• compositions include but are not limited to tablets, chewable tablets and capsules. These may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as binding agents (e.g. pregelatinized maize starch), disintegrants (e.g. potato starch), fillers (e.g. lactose) or lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate). Tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art.
• suitable compositions include but are not limited to solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may exist as dry powder for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle prior use.
• liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable agents, such as suspending agents, non-aqueous vehicles, preservatives and emulsifyiers.
• a possible dose of the active compounds of the invention for oral, parenteral, buccal or topical dose to the adult human is between 0.1 and 500 mg of the active compound per unit dose, which may administered, for instance, 1 to 4 times in a day. It is well recognized that the precise dose, the route of administration and the dosing interval can be determined by those skilled in the art.
• one or more pharmaceutical compositions may be used for the delivery of all the agents, which may be administered together, or at different times, as determined by those skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the current invention can be viewed as consisting of different motives: an 'aromatic part', a 'carboxylic acid' and a 'sulfonyl- amino' part.
• the compounds of the invention are named as amides wherein the 'carboxylic acid' forms the parent structure and is amidated by the 'aromatic part' and further substituted by the 'sulfonylamino' and an additional basic function. Naming is exemplified in the preferred embodiments below. Especially preferred embodiments of the compounds of the invention are
• Rink amide resin was obtained from Advanced ChemTech, UK. Amino acids were purchased from either from Advanced ChemTech, UK or Novabiochem, Switzerland unless otherwise specified. DIG, HOBt, acetic an- hydride and piperidine were products of Acros Organics, Belgium. DIPEA was from Fluka AG, Germany. All the other reagents or solvents were purchased from Aldrich or Merck, Germany, if not otherwise specified. The reagents were used as such and solvents were purified and dried according the methods de- scribed in W.L.F. Armareggo and D.D. Perrin, "Purification of Laboratory Chemicals", 4 th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996, Bath, Great Britain.
• MS analysis Molecular weights of the compounds were determined with Micro- mass Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Essential MS parameters were: cone voltage 30 V, capillary voltage 3.5 kV, low mass resolution on MS1 15, high mass resolution on MS1 15, ion energy on MS1 1.0, source temperature 110°C, desolvation temperature 250°C and desolvation gas flow 700 l/h. Samples were introduced by Waters Alliance 2695 HPLC. Flow rate of 0.3 ml/min was formed of 10% water and 90% MeOH eluent (containing 0.01 % HCOOH). Sample volume of 10 ⁇ l was injected through a Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 10 mm C ⁇ 8 precolumn.
• Flash Chromatography purification was conducted with Argonaut FlashMaster II Automated Purification System (Argonaut Technologies, UK) using normal phase columns (Supelco DSC-Si 20 g). Flow rate was 7 ml/min and detection wavelength 230 nm. Standard elution program was 25 minutes with the following gradient: 100% DCM for 3 minutes followed by gradual increase up to 25% MeOH during 17 minutes and a gradual increase up to 100% MeOH during the final 5 minutes. After MS verification, fractions containing the product were combined and evaporated.
• HPLC purity of the compounds was determined using Waters 616 pump, controlled by Waters 600 controller unit. Instrument was further equipped with Waters 2487 UV detector (detection wavelengths 254 nm and 220 nm). Waters Symmetry Shield 2.1 X 50 mm C 18 column with corresponding precolumn and a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min was used. Linear gradient starting from water (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (A) to ACN (containing 0.01 % HCOOH) (B) over 17 minutes and then 100 % B for 1 minute was applied.
• Step I Rink amide resin (1 g, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.7 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 35 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
• Step II Fmoc-Phe-OH (813.6 mg, 387.44 g/mol, 2.1 mmol, 3 eq) and DIC (328.8 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm 3 , 2.1 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF (12.5 ml) and after 10 minutes mixed with the resin. After 18 hours agita- tion, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with half of the original amounts of Fmoc-Phe-OH and DIC in dry DMF was introduced. After additional 5.5 hours, solvent was again filtered out and resin washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and thrice with THF.
• Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups of the resin were acetylated with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (1 ml, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 10.6 mmol) and DIPEA (250 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 1.46 mmol) in dry DMF (12 ml) for 45 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and twice with THF.
• acetic anhydride 1 ml, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 10.6 mmol
• DIPEA 250 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 1.46 mmol
• Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step V Fmoc-Arg(Pmc)-OH (928.0 mg, 662.8 g/mol, 1.4 mmol, 2 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
• Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups of phenylalanine were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
• Step VII Fmoc protection of the arginine attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but again without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step VIII 4-Methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (337.0 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 1.4 mmol, 2 eq, Maybridge) was dissolved in dry THF (12.5 ml) and mixed with the resin.
• TEA (194.1 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 1.4 mmol, 2 eq, Baker) was then added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, thrice with MeOH, thrice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
• Step IX Resin bound product was cleaved and Pmc protection removed by treating the resin with 50 vol-% TFA in DCM (12.5 ml) for 1 hour. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 116.5 mg of ⁇ /-((S)-1-carbamoyl-2- phenylethyl)-5-guanidino-(S)-2-( ⁇ / ' -(4-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino)- pentanamide as a dark oil was obtained.
• Step I Rink amide resin (1.45 g, 0.7 mmol/g, 1.02 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 21 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 50 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
• Step II Fmoc-L-3,3-diphenylalanine (1.41 g, 463.53 g/mol, 3.05 mmol, 3 eq, PepTech) and DIC (477.3 ⁇ l, 126.20 g/mol, 0.806 g/cm 3 , 3.05 mmol, 3 eq) were dissolved in dry DMF (21 ml) and after 10 minutes mixed with the resin. After 22 hours agitation, solvent was filtered out and fresh solution with similar amounts of Fmoc-L-3,3-diphenylalanine and DIC in dry DMF was introduced. After additional 5 hours, solvent was again filtered out and resin washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, thrice with DCM and thrice with THF.
• Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups of the resin were acetylated with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (700 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 7.5 mmol) and DIPEA (119 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.7 mmol) in dry DMF (16.1 ml) for 45 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and twice with THF.
• acetic anhydride 700 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 7.5 mmol
• DIPEA 119 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.7 mmol
• Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached 3,3-diphenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step V Fmoc-Arg(Pmc)-OH (1.34 g, 662.8 g/mol, 2.03 mmol, 2 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
• Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups of 3,3-diphenylalanine were ac- etylated using the procedure described in step III.
• Step VII Fmoc protection of the arginine attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but again without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step VIII 4-Methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (733.7 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 3.0 mmol, 3 eq, Ivlaybridge) was dissolved in dry THF (21 ml) and mixed with the resin.
• TEA 422.5 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 3.0 mmol, 3 eq, Baker) was then added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, thrice with MeOH, thrice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
• Step IX Resin bound product was cleaved and Pmc protection removed by treating the resin with 50 vol-% TFA in DCM (21 ml) for 1 hour. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. Product was purified with RP-HPLC to give 108.4 mg of ⁇ /-((S)-1-carbamoyl-2,2-diphenylethyl)-5-guanidino-(S)-2-(V ' - (4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)pentanamide as white solid, overall yield 16.4%.
• Step I Rink amide resin (30.0 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.021 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 50 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
• Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups of the resin were acetylated with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF
• Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step V Fmoc-Om(Boc)-OH (28.6 mg, 454.5 g/mol, 0.063 mmol, 3 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
• Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups of phenylalanine were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
• Step VII Fmoc protection of the omithine attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but again without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step VIII 4-IVIethyl-1-naphthaIenesulfonyl chloride (15.2 mg, 240.71 g/mol,
• Step IX Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 30 minutes. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 11.0 mg of 5-amino- ⁇ /-((S)-1- carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)-(S)-2-( ⁇ / ' -(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)- pentanamide as a dark oil was obtained; overall yield 88 %. MS-ESI + (m/z): 483
• Step I H-Phe-NH 2 hydrochloride (114.2 mg, 200.7 g/mol, 0.57 mmol, 1 eq, Advanced ChemTech) was dissolved in 2 ml of dry DMF/DCM (1/1 ) and TEA (95 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.68 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added.
• Step II Fmoc protection was removed by treating the 4-( ⁇ /-Boc-amino)- ⁇ f-
• Step III Residue from step II was dissolved in 9 ml of dry THF/DMF (1/1 ) so- lution and 4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonylchloride (205.3 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 0.85 mmol, 1 .5 eq, Maybridge) and finally TEA (120 ⁇ l, 101.19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.85 mmol, 1.5 eq) were added. After overnight reaction, solvent was evaporated and the residue purified with silica column chromatography (mobile phase from 5 % MeOH in DCM up to 20 % MeOH in DCM).
• Step IV Boc protection was removed by dissolving the product from step III in 2.5 ml of 25 vol-% TFA in DCM and stirring for 1 h. Solvent was then evaporated and residue purified with RP-HPLC to give 52.5 mg of 4-amino- ⁇ /-((S)-1- carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)-(S)-2-(/V ' -(4-methyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)- butanamide; yield 26.8%.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CD 3 OD; ⁇ , ppm): 8.69 (m, 1 H), 8.16 (m, 1 H),
• Step I Rink amide resin (50.0 mg, 0.7 mmol/g, 0.035 mmol) was washed twice with DMF prior use. Washed resin was dissolved in 2.5 ml of 20 vol-% piperidine in DMF and mixture was agitated for 50 minutes. Resin was then washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and finally twice with THF. Resin was used immediately for step II.
• Step III Possibly unreacted amino groups of the resin were acetylated with a solution consisting of acetic anhydride (100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol) and DIPEA (17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol) in dry DMF (2.1 ml) for 45 minutes. Resin was then filtered and washed thrice with DMF, thrice with MeOH, twice with DCM and twice with THF.
• acetic anhydride 100 ⁇ l, 102.09 g/mol, 1.087 g/cm 3 , 1.06 mmol
• DIPEA 17 ⁇ l, 129.25 g/mol, 0.755 g/cm 3 , 0.1 mmol
• Step IV Fmoc protection of the attached phenylalanine was removed according to procedure described in step I but without any washes prior treat- ment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step V Fmoc-Dbu(Boc)-OH (40.3 mg, 440.5 g/mol, 0.091 mmol, 2.6 eq) was coupled to resin bound compound using the same coupling agent and procedure as described in step II.
• Step VI Possibly unreacted amino groups of the phenylalanine were acetylated using the procedure described in step III.
• Step VII N-alpha-Fmoc protection of the amino acid attached in step V was removed according to procedure described in step I but again without any washes prior treatment with piperidine/DMF.
• Step VIII -EthylnaphthaIene (1 ml, 156.23 g/ml, 1.008 g/cm 3 , 6.5 mmol, Al- drich) was mixed with 3 ml of TFA and mixture was cooled in water-ice bath. Chlorosulfonic acid (2 ml, 116.52 g/ml, 1.753 g/cm 3 , 30.1 mmol, 4.6 eq, Acros) was added dropwise to the mixture. During the addition, colour of the solution changed from red to dark. After addition, mixture was let to warm to ambient temperature. Reaction mixture was then transferred dropwise to vessel con- taining 40 ml of water in ice. Precipitate was filtered and washed twice with cold water. 0.46 g of 4-ethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride as a white powder was obtained, yield 28%.
• Step IX 4-Ethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (44.0 mg, 254.74 g/mol, 0.17 mmol, 5 eq) was dissolved in dry THF (2.5 ml) and mixed with the resin. TEA (24 ⁇ l, 101 .19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.17 mmol, 5 eq, Baker) was then added to the mixture. After overnight agitation, solvent was filtered and resin washed thrice with THF, thrice with MeOH, thrice with DMF, once with MeOH and finally thrice with DCM.
• TEA 24 ⁇ l, 101 .19 g/mol, 0.73 g/cm 3 , 0.17 mmol, 5 eq, Baker
• Step X Resin bound product was cleaved and Boc protection removed by treating the resin with 25 vol-% TFA in DCM (2.5 ml) for 1 hour. Resulting red solution was collected and evaporated. 12.5 mg of 4-amino- ⁇ /-((S)-1- carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)-(S)-2-( ⁇ /'-(4-ethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino)- butanamide as dark oil was obtained; overall yield 60%. MS-ESI + (m/z): 483 Example 7
• Fmoc-Phe-OH in step II was substituted with Fmoc-L-3,3-diphenylalanine-OH (29.2 mg, 463.53 g/mol, 0.063 mmol, 3 eq, PepTech), Fmoc-Orn(Boc) in step V was substituted with Fmoc-Dbu(Boc)- OH (27.8 mg, 440.48 g/mol, 0.063 mmol, 3 eq) and only 2 eq. of 4-methyl-1- naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (10.1 mg, 240.71 g/mol, 0.042 mmol, Maybridge) was used in step VIII.
• Binding affinity at the human somatostatin receptor subtypes The affinity of the compounds of the invention for the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1 , SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5) was determined in competition binding assays with ( 125 l-Tyr)- [Leu 8 ,DTrp 22 ]-somatostatin-28 ( 125 l-LTT-sst-28).
• the biological material for these experiments consisted of membranes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with one of the five human somatostatin receptor subtypes.
• Membranes (3-20 ⁇ g of total protein per sample) and trace amount of 125 l-LTT-sst-28 were incubated in 10 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgC , 5 mg/ml of BSA and 30 ⁇ g/ml bacitracin, pH 7.6 with six concentrations of the compounds. Each concentration was run in duplicate. Nonspecific binding was defined by 1 ⁇ M somatostatin-14 (sst-14) and corresponded to 5-25% of total binding.
• sst-14 somatostatin-14
• Kj Affinity constants

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