WO2005029134A1 - Dispositif et procede de detection du changement environnemental affectant un pare-brise - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de detection du changement environnemental affectant un pare-brise Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005029134A1
WO2005029134A1 PCT/CN2004/000682 CN2004000682W WO2005029134A1 WO 2005029134 A1 WO2005029134 A1 WO 2005029134A1 CN 2004000682 W CN2004000682 W CN 2004000682W WO 2005029134 A1 WO2005029134 A1 WO 2005029134A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
change
detecting
planar capacitor
signal
windshield
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000682
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tengchen Sun
Jie Yu
Original Assignee
Tengchen Sun
Jie Yu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 03160009 external-priority patent/CN1245300C/zh
Priority claimed from CN 03160008 external-priority patent/CN1217204C/zh
Application filed by Tengchen Sun, Jie Yu filed Critical Tengchen Sun
Priority to US10/595,085 priority Critical patent/US7208962B2/en
Priority to EP04738280A priority patent/EP1669779B1/en
Priority to JP2006526505A priority patent/JP2007533961A/ja
Priority to ES04738280T priority patent/ES2399825T3/es
Publication of WO2005029134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005029134A1/zh
Priority to KR1020057025170A priority patent/KR101122686B1/ko

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
    • B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
    • B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
    • B60S1/0825—Capacitive rain sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting a change in the windshield environment of an automobile, and a detection method using the detection device.
  • the traditional defogging method is that the driver manually adjusts the direction of the car's air supply system so that the wind blows directly to the front windshield of the car to blow the fog away. Frequent manual adjustment of the air supply direction will distract the driver and bring unsafe factors.
  • the automatic defogging system has been proposed as a cutting-edge technology for the development of automotive electronics. It can automatically sense the degree of fogging on the inner surface of automotive glass, and accordingly automatically adjust the direction and size of the air supply of the automotive air conditioning system. After dispersing, it can automatically adjust the air supply direction and size of the car air-conditioning system back to the original state.
  • the existing raindrop sensing technology can be divided into two types: built-in type and external type according to the installation form.
  • the sensor is installed outside the windshield such as the engine cover, the front face of the car, the outer surface of the car windshield, etc.
  • the external raindrop sensor is characterized by direct contact measurement of rainwater.
  • Known external raindrop sensors According to the working principle, there are photoelectric type, conductivity type, vibration type and parallel plate capacitance type. Since most external raindrop sensors cannot be directly installed within the wiper range of the glass outer surface, they can only sense the amount of rainfall and cannot sense the effect of wiper movements. Therefore, they can only form an open-loop control system for wipers. Form a closed-loop control system that can feedback the wiper effect.
  • the built-in raindrop sensors that are widely used in the automotive industry are all photoelectric.
  • the photoelectric raindrop sensors are divided into two types. The first is to install a camera behind the inner surface of the car glass. Principle The image analysis and processing are performed on the images collected by the camera to sense the change in rainfall. The cost of the sensor device, data processing circuit, and computer of this photoelectric raindrop sensor is too high, and it has not yet been applied in the automotive industry. The following only discusses the second type of photoelectric raindrop sensor, which has been widely used in the automotive industry. It is a pair of light beam transmitting and receiving devices installed on the inner surface of automobile glass.
  • the photoelectric built-in raindrop sensor has the following defects:
  • the transmitter element of the photoelectric raindrop sensor is generally a point light source. Although a lens or a prism can be used to scatter the light beam to a certain extent to expand the refractive area, this will adversely affect the receiving sensitivity of the receiving element. Therefore, it is practical
  • the measurement area of the photoelectric raindrop sensor is usually within 1 to 2 square centimeters. Of course, multiple pairs of transmitting and receiving ends can be set to expand the measuring area, but this will greatly increase the cost.
  • the working principle of the photoelectric raindrop sensor is to use the change of the refractive index of light, and the refractive index is only related to the material characteristics of the incident surface, and has nothing to do with the thickness of the material. Therefore, the photoelectric raindrop sensor cannot reflect the change in the thickness of rainwater.
  • the photoelectric raindrop sensor requires precise installation angles and distances on the transmitting and receiving ends, and also has high requirements on the position and angle of the auxiliary lens and prism system.
  • the installation must be very tight It is stable to avoid the deviation of light caused by the vibration of the car, which will affect the accuracy and sensitivity of the sensor.
  • the working principle of the photoelectric raindrop sensor is poorly adaptable to different automotive glass.
  • the material of the glass will affect the refractive index and reflectivity, and the thickness of the glass will affect the installation angle and position of the transmitting and receiving ends. Therefore, different automotive glass needs to be targeted Design the corresponding photoelectric raindrop sensor.
  • Patent document US4805070A entitled “Capacitively Coupled Humidity Sensor”
  • Two pieces are resistance networks. The principle of parallel plate capacitors is used to couple the change of resistance to the signal generator and receiver through two constant parallel plate capacitors. The essence is a traditional resistance humidity sensor.
  • This technical solution only provides A method for non-contact connection of a signal processing circuit and a sensitive component (resistance network) to avoid the problem of conducting wires through glass.
  • the sensitive element is installed on the outer surface of the automobile glass, and it is directly contacted when measuring rainwater. The installation of the sensitive element on the outer surface of the automobile glass will put extremely harsh requirements on the material of the sensitive element and the installation process.
  • Patent document EP0333564A1 the electronic rainwater detection device provided by this patent document uses the principle of measuring capacitance, but the sensor provided by this patent is a typical external contact rainwater measurement sensor, which requires an insulation cover with good waterproof performance Floor.
  • the sensor has the typical defects of an external rain sensor, that is, it cannot feedback the effect of wiper brushing and cannot form a closed-loop control system; it is susceptible to pollution and damage; and its structure is complex.
  • Patent document DE3937605A1 the measurement principle of this sensor is the traditional parallel plate capacitance measurement principle.
  • the disclosed technical solution is that when a water layer appears on the windshield, the capacitor plate can form a capacitor with the water layer, obviously. Can form two independent parallel plate capacitors.
  • the main disadvantage of this sensor is that it requires that the capacitor plate be installed between double glass and two functional films, which will undoubtedly limit the scope of application of the sensor.
  • the windshield glass currently used in the automotive industry has both double and single layers. of.
  • the sensor has the disadvantages of complicated structure, difficult installation and wiring.
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provide A device capable of detecting environmental changes such as rainwater / fog on the surface of a car windshield.
  • the device has a simple structure and can overcome the existing measurement areas of the existing photoelectric and planar capacitive detection devices.
  • the measurement area is small, the thickness of rainwater cannot be measured, and it is easily polluted. Insufficient physical interference, high installation requirements, poor adaptability, and high costs.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method capable of accurately detecting a change in an automobile windshield environment.
  • the method is simple and practical, and is beneficial to popularization.
  • a device for detecting a change in an automobile windshield environment is provided.
  • a planar capacitor is provided on an inner surface of the glass, and two electrode plates of the planar capacitor are placed on a same plane.
  • the total tf 'of each of the plates is only less than 100 square centimeters, and the planar capacitor is used as a sensitive element to detect environmental changes on the surface of the windshield and environmental changes after operation.
  • the signal of the capacitance change of the planar capacitor affected by the external environment is transmitted to the sensor detection circuit, and the sensor detection circuit generates a control number for controlling the operation of the device according to the detected capacitance change.
  • a method for detecting a change in an automobile windshield environment which includes the following steps: ''
  • the signal generator in the detection device generates a test signal, and the test signal is transmitted to the planar capacitor;
  • the processing unit generates a control signal according to a change in the test signal
  • the detection device detects the glass surface again, generates a feedback signal, and transmits it to the processing unit to form a closed-loop control system.
  • the device for detecting changes in the windshield environment of an automobile has the following advantages over the prior art:
  • the planar capacitor provided by the present invention breaks the mindset of the traditional parallel plate capacitance sensor, and the two capacitor plates are not placed in parallel Instead, the two plates of the capacitor are placed on the same plane.
  • Form a built-in planar capacitance sensor which has the following advantages: 1. Large measurement area.
  • the planar capacitor plate can be made into any shape, and the measurement area can be arbitrarily expanded without affecting the driver's line of sight. This can fundamentally avoid the drawbacks of the dull detection system caused by the too small measurement area of the photoelectric raindrop sensor.
  • planar capacitive sensor can easily distinguish between pollutants and the changes in capacitance caused by water, thereby solving the problem of photoelectric raindrop sensors caused by pollution. Automatic wiper system malfunction. '
  • planar capacitive sensor can be bonded, crimped, sprayed, or various metallized processes on the glass surface to form a planar capacitor on the inner surface of the glass, which does not require precise positioning like the photoelectric raindrop sensor.
  • planar capacitive sensor such as: copper foil, aluminum foil, conductive rubber, conductive plastic film, spray-plated metal on the glass surface, etc., and the quantity is very small, usually only about ten square centimeters, so the material cost is extremely low. Due to the simple installation, the installation and installation man-hour cost is much lower than the photoelectric raindrop sensor.
  • the invention can detect the fog in the car, and solves the problem that the auto glass defogging system has no applicable fogging sensor.
  • the flat capacitive sensor of the invention can effectively sense the degree of fogging on the inner surface of the car glass. And directly output a digital signal to the auto glass automatic defogging system, and the auto glass automatic defogging system automatically adjusts the air supply direction and volume according to this signal.
  • a method for detecting a change in the windshield environment of a car provided by the present invention has the following advantages: the detected signals can be processed in time, the work of related equipment is controlled, and The method for removing rain or fog from wind glass is beneficial to realization and is suitable for promotion and application.
  • Figure 1 is a distribution diagram of the point charge electric field lines
  • Figure 2 is a distribution diagram of electric field lines of a parallel plate capacitor
  • FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of electric field lines of a planar capacitor with two fan-shaped plates
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor of four fan-shaped plates used in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of electric field lines of a planar capacitor of two fan-shaped plates in a dielectric environment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a measurement space formed by a planar capacitor with two fan-shaped plates in a dielectric environment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an equivalent capacitance measurement model diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a detection circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of eight fan-shaped electrode plates according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of two fan-shaped electrode plates according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of two triangular electrode plates according to the present invention
  • FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of two rectangular electrode plates according to the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a comb-shaped planar capacitor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the planar capacitor is composed of a planar curved electrode plate;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor installation position according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a rectangular spiral planar curved electrode plate
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a polygonal spiral planar curved electrode plate
  • 19 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a rectangular polygonal-type planar curved electrode plate
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a circular spiral type planar curved electrode plate
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor installation position according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a rectangular spiral planar curved electrode plate
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a polygonal spiral planar curved electrode plate
  • 19 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a rectangular polygonal-type planar curved electrode
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a planar capacitor composed of a rectangular parallel line planar curve electrode plate; 22 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field of a planar capacitor constituted by a circular spiral planar curved electrode plate mounted on the glass surface; FIG. 23 is a distribution diagram of electric field lines of a planar curve capacitance in an application environment of the present invention; FIG.
  • the traditional capacitive sensor is based on a parallel plate capacitor, its principle is: if the edge effect of the non-uniform electric field imprint is not considered, two parallel The capacitance of the board, its capacitance is
  • e is the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates
  • e eQ * er
  • eO is the dielectric constant in vacuum
  • e 0 8. 854 * 10-1 2 F / m
  • er is the medium's relative vacuum Dielectric constant, relative permittivity of air € ⁇ 1, other media er>l
  • S is the area of the plates
  • d is the distance between the plates.
  • the capacitance C changes accordingly.
  • the traditional capacitive sensor can be divided into three types with different parameter changes: variable pitch type (parameter d changes); variable area type (parameter S changes); variable dielectric constant type (parameter e changes).
  • the planar capacitor proposed by the present invention breaks the traditional mindset of capacitive sensors based on the principle of parallel plate capacitors in principle. It places the two electrode plates of the capacitor on the same plane with a certain gap, instead of placing them in parallel. It does not belong to any of the three types of traditional capacitive sensors mentioned above. It is a comprehensive capacitive sensor that has the characteristics of variable pitch, variable area, and variable dielectric constant capacitive sensors.
  • the capacitance measurement principle of the present invention is as follows:
  • the horizontal major axis radius rl r + d / 2 can be approximated in the magnetic field of an approximately elliptical sphere around two plane electrode plates.
  • the ground is considered to be directly proportional to r and d and inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of the medium.
  • the figure shows the spatial distribution of the electric field lines of the planar capacitor in the application environment according to the present invention.
  • the two planar electrode plates 1 and 2 are closely attached to the glass 9.
  • the distribution shape of the electric field lines 10 can be seen. Due to the influence of different media, the approximately elliptical sphere space around the two plane electrode plates 1 and 2 can be divided into three different spaces: the inner surface of the car glass 9 and the Approximately semi-ellipsoidal sphere space N1 below planar electrode plate 1 and electrode plate 2 on the inner surface; flat electrode plate 1 and electrode plate 2 above and flat oval space N2 contained inside automobile glass 9; near the outer surface of automobile glass 9 Forming a semi-ellipsoidal space Nx.
  • the semi-ellipsoidal space Nx is usually air. When other foreign matter enters, its dielectric constant and volume will change greatly.
  • the semi-ellipsoidal space Nx is our measurement space. ''
  • the equivalent capacitance model proposed by the present invention is an invariable capacitance determined by a semi-approximately elliptical sphere space N1 and a flat elliptical space N2, and the series capacitances C1 and C2 pass through the outer surface of the automobile glass above the planar electrode but are closed on the outer surface of the automobile glass
  • the constant capacitance determined by the space within, Cx is a variable capacitance formed by the semi-elliptical space Nx.
  • the capacitance of Cx also depends on the dielectric constant of the foreign matter entering the semi-ellipsoidal space Nx, the area covered by the foreign matter, and the thickness of the foreign matter in the semi-ellipsoidal space Nx. This thickness can theoretically be equivalent to the pitch of the parallel plate capacitor.
  • planar capacitor proposed by the present invention is different from any previous type of capacitive sensor, including: variable area, variable pitch, and variable dielectric constant type. It is a comprehensive capacitive sensor, which can simultaneously Changes in three parameters: perceived area, pitch, and dielectric constant.
  • planar capacitor proposed by the present invention can not only distinguish foreign objects near the surface of automobile glass, but also sense the area and thickness of foreign objects covered on the surface of the automobile glass at the same time, which is what the existing photoelectric sensors cannot do. .
  • the test produced by using the above principle is given below A device for changing the windshield environment of an automobile.
  • the environmental changes mentioned here are mainly aimed at the rain on the outer surface of the windshield and the fog on the inner surface of the windshield.
  • the principles and equipment used by the two are basically the same, but only on the plane of use. Capacitors differ in shape. Therefore, the present invention first explains the technical solution of detecting rainwater on the outer surface of the windshield and automatically controlling the operation of the wiper.
  • two electrodes of a planar capacitor are formed. Mounted on the inner surface of the car windshield 9 can achieve the purpose of non-contact measurement. At the same time, the installation position of the planar capacitor should be within the working range of the wiper and rain.
  • the gap d of the plates 1 and 2 is 4 mm.
  • One end of the two shielded conductive wires 14 are respectively welded to the two electrode plates 1 and 2 of the planar capacitor.
  • a conical plastic protective cover 24 and a conical plastic protective cover are covered behind the planar electrode plates 1 and 2. 24 is fixed on the inner surface of the front windshield glass 9 of the car.
  • the shielding wire 14 is led to the roof shell 17 and the roof trim 16 through a plastic sleeve 13 on the upper side of the conical plastic protective cover 24.
  • two shielding wires 14 ⁇ are electrically connected to a circuit board 15 installed in the interlayer of the roof shell 17 and the roof interior 16.
  • the circuit board 15 is electromagnetically shielded and protected by a plastic shell 23 with a shielding layer.
  • the digital output signal of the sensor is sent to the control unit of the automatic wiper system through a shielded LIN bus cable 18.
  • one end of the electrode of the planar capacitor is connected to the output end of the sine wave signal generator 31; the other end is connected to the input end of the program-controlled analog signal amplification and filtering circuit 32.
  • the program-controlled analog signal amplification and filtering circuit 32 receives the program control from the microprocessor 34 and performs adaptive range adjustment.
  • the sine wave signal 35 of a certain frequency generated by the sine wave signal generator 31 will pass through the planar capacitor and become attenuated.
  • the sine wave signal 37 is received by the program-controlled analog signal amplification filter circuit 32, and after amplification and filtering, a DC voltage signal is generated, which is converted into a digital voltage signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 33 and sent to the microprocessor 34.
  • the digital voltage signal The digital output signal of the sensor after digital filtering, digital linearization processing and digital adaptive algorithm adjustment in the microprocessor 34 is sent to the shielded LIN (Local Interconnect Network (field connection network) bus interface circuit 36, and then sent to the control unit of the automatic wiper system through a shielded LIN bus cable 18.
  • the test signal provided by the present invention may also be a square wave signal or a triangle wave signal.
  • the conductive material used for the plate of the planar capacitor includes copper, aluminum, silver, conductive rubber, conductive plastic, conductive glue, transparent and conductive
  • the film is formed by a variety of installation methods such as: pasting, pressing, spraying, and forming a pair of flat electrodes on the inner surface of the car glass without affecting the driver's line of sight.
  • the flat electrodes can have various shapes, including rectangular, fan-shaped, and triangular. , Polygon, for example, a planar capacitor composed of four fan-shaped plates shown in FIG. 4, a planar capacitor composed of eight fan-shaped plates given in FIG. 11, and a planar capacitor composed of two fan-shaped plates given in FIG.
  • a planar capacitor is a planar capacitor composed of two triangular plates as shown in FIG. 13A, a planar capacitor composed of two rectangular plates as shown in FIG. 13B, and a planar capacitor composed of comb plates is shown in FIG.
  • the wires are used to connect them to form the two poles of a planar capacitor.
  • the electrode plates 11 and 12 are connected into a flat one.
  • the electrode 21 and the electrode plate 22 are connected to form the other electrode of the planar capacitor.
  • the electrode plate 41, the electrode plate 43, the electrode plate 45, The electrode plate 47 is connected to one pole of the planar capacitor, and the electrode plate 42, the electrode plate 44, the electrode plate 46, and the electrode plate 48 are connected to the other pole of the planar capacitor.
  • the electrode plate 42, the electrode plate 44, the electrode plate 46, and the electrode plate 48 are connected to the other pole of the planar capacitor.
  • Metal plating on the glass surface is the best choice.
  • the total area of the plate of the planar capacitor can be less than 100 square centimeters, but 10-20 square centimeters are the best in terms of saving money and using effects.
  • the gap d between the two electrode plates should be approximately equal to the thickness of the automobile glass. Lfp ⁇
  • the static capacitance value of the planar capacitor is between 0.2-5pf, the measurement sensitivity of the capacitance value should be higher than 0. lfp.
  • the capacitance dielectric space for detecting fog and the dielectric space for detecting rainwater of the present invention are slightly different.
  • the distance d between the two electrode plates 1 and 2 of the present invention is set to be much smaller than that of a car.
  • the thickness of the glass 9 at this time, the flat dielectric space around the two electrode plates 1 and 2 can be divided into two different spaces: the upper half of the flat electrode is limited to the upper flat space N2 inside the car glass 9 And the lower half of the flat dielectric space Nl below the inner surface of the automobile glass and the plane curve electrode.
  • the dielectric constant and volume of the upper half-flat space N2 can be considered constant, while the lower half-flat space N1 is air.
  • the lower half-flat space N1 is air.
  • there will be fine Water droplets enter this space N1.
  • the density of the water droplets, the size of the water droplets, and the dielectric constant of the water droplets will cause changes in the effective area, thickness, and average dielectric constant of the lower half-flat space N1.
  • the lower half-flat space N1 is our measurement space.
  • the spiral planar curved electrode plate has a total area of about 10 square centimeters.
  • the electrode plate 1 and the electrode plate 2 respectively constitute two electrodes of a planar capacitor. According to the theory of hot and cold air convection, cold air drops and hot air rises. Therefore, the fogging of automobile screen i3 ⁇ 4 glass 9 is usually from bottom to top.
  • the plane capacitor is pasted on the lower right corner of the inner surface of the car windshield 9; for a car driven on the right side, the plane capacitor is pasted on the lower left corner of the inner surface of the car windshield 9.
  • the selection of the above position makes the planar capacitor not only affect the driver's sight, but also can accurately and timely detect the degree of fogging.
  • a curved capacitor made of a flat flexible circuit board 5 is adhered to the inner surface of the windshield 9 of the car, and the extended portion of the flexible circuit board 5 projects into the interlayer between the roof shell 17 and the roof interior 16.
  • One end of the two shielded conductors 14 are respectively connected to the two plates 1 and 2 of the planar curve capacitor, and the shielded conductor 14 is led out into the sandwich between the roof shell 17 and the roof interior 16;
  • the other end is electrically connected to the intelligent signal processing unit circuit board 15 installed in the sandwich between the roof shell 17 and the roof interior 16.
  • the circuit board 15 is electromagnetically shielded and protected by a plastic shell with a shielding layer.
  • the digital output of the sensor The signal is sent to the control unit of the automatic defogging system via a shielded LIN bus cable 18.
  • one end of an electrode plate of a planar capacitor is connected to an output terminal of a sine wave generating circuit 31;
  • the program-controlled analog signal amplification filter circuit 32 receives the program control from the microprocessor 3 and performs range adaptive adjustment. After a sine wave signal 35 of a certain frequency generated by the sine wave generating circuit 31 passes the plane capacitor, it will become an attenuated sine wave.
  • the signal 37 is received by the program-controlled analog signal amplification filter circuit 32, and after amplification and filtering, a DC voltage signal is generated, which is converted into a digital voltage signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 33 and sent to the microprocessor. 34.
  • the digital voltage signal is digitally filtered, digitally linearized, and adjusted by a digital adaptive algorithm in the microprocessor 34 to form a digital output signal of the sensor and sent to the LIN (Local Interconnect Network) bus interface circuit 36. It is sent to the control unit of the automatic defogging system through the shielded LIN bus cable 18.
  • LIN Local Interconnect Network
  • the automatic defogging sensor provided by the present invention can use a variety of conductive materials as the electrode plate, such as: copper, aluminum, silver, conductive rubber, conductive plastic, conductive glue, transparent conductive film, and through various process methods such as: pasting , Pressing, spraying, forming a pair of plane curve electrodes on the inner surface of the car glass, which does not affect the driver's line of sight, the plane curve poles can be of various shapes, of which the rectangular spiral planar capacitor shown in Figure 17 The figure shows a polygonal spiral planar capacitor, Figure 19 shows a rectangular polygonal planar capacitor, Figure 20 shows a circular spiral planar capacitor, and Figure 21 shows a rectangular parallel line planar capacitor. Require flat curve The electrode should be in close contact with the inner surface of the glass. Metal plating on the glass surface is the best choice.
  • the distance between planar curved electrode plates is preferably less than 0.5 mm, and the line width of curved electrode plates is preferably less than 0.3 mm.
  • the two electrode plates are led out by any connection method such as welding, crimping, adhesive or conductive rubber, and the lead out is preferably a shielded wire.
  • the following is a method for detecting the environmental change of the windshield of a car by using the above device-'
  • a detection method includes the following steps: a. Initializing a detection device; b. A signal generator 31 in the detection device generates a test signal 35, and the test signal 35 is transmitted to a planar capacitor; c. Detection test The value of signal 35 changes; d. The test signal 35 is transmitted to the processing unit; e. The processing unit generates a control signal according to the change of the test signal 35; f. The control signal is transmitted to the device; g. The detection device detects the glass surface again to generate a feedback signal The transmission to the processing unit constitutes a closed-loop control system.
  • the initialization of the detection device is to detect and set the static initial value of the planar capacitor sensing element according to the material and thickness of the automobile glass, the area and mounting method of the planar capacitor sensing element, ambient temperature, and humidity conditions. Since different substances have different dielectric constants, the detection device can set different initial values according to different substances, thereby determining what kind of substance is attached to the glass surface. For example, when water adheres to the glass surface where the planar capacitor is located, the capacitance value of the planar capacitor changes, and the change amount of the capacitor at this time is set as the judgment Standard on glass surface.
  • the frequency of the test signal in the present invention is 100kHZ-1000kHZ.
  • the use of the above frequency can meet the detection requirements of the present invention and improve the detection accuracy of the present invention.
  • the static capacitance value of the planar capacitor is between 0.2 and 5 pf. It is that the planar capacitor has a high sensitivity and meets the requirements of the present invention.
  • a planar capacitor is provided on the inner surface of the windshield 9 of the car, and the two electrode plates 1 and 2 of the planar capacitor are placed on the same plane It is used as a sensitive element to detect the environmental change on the surface of the windshield 9, and the signal of the capacitance Cx of the plane capacitor affected by the external environment is transmitted to the sensor detection circuit 3, and the sensor detection circuit 3 is based on the detected A change in the capacitance Cx generates a control signal that controls the operation of the device.
  • the sensor detection circuit 3 includes a signal generator 31, a program-controlled analog signal amplifying and filtering circuit 32, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 33, and a microprocessor 34.
  • the signal generator 31 generates a test signal 35 connected to a planar capacitor, and tests The change of the signal 35 can reflect the change of the capacitance Cx of the planar capacitor. Therefore, the change amount of the test signal 35 can reflect the change of the glass surface environment.
  • the test signal 35 of the planar capacitor is input to the program-controlled analog signal amplification and filtering circuit 32, and after amplification and filtering, a DC voltage signal is generated, and the DC voltage signal is converted into a digital voltage signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 33.
  • the microprocessor 34 receives the digital voltage signal, performs digital filtering, digital linearization processing, and digital adaptive algorithm adjustment on the digital voltage signal to form a sensor digital output signal that controls the operation of the device.
  • the device may be a wiper device or a demister device.

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Description

一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置及方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 以及釆用该检测 装置的检测方法。
背景技术：
进入 21世纪以来，汽车电子化和智能化已经 为汽车工业技术发展的 方向和前沿， 汽车的安全性和人性化也成为各 车厂商注重的焦点。 自 动检测系统不仅是着眼于方便驾驶着的人性化关怀， 更重要的是自动检测 系统是汽车主动安全系统的重要组成部分。 在雨天或空气相对湿度大的环 境下， 汽车挡风玻璃表面上常常会因雨水过大或结雾从而影响驾驶员的视 线。 而现有技术还没有一种能够对挡风玻璃上的雨或雾进行自动检测、 经 济实用、 适合推广应用的方法。
传统的除雾方式是驾驶员手动调整汽车送风系统的方向， 使风直接吹 向汽车前风挡玻璃， 将雾吹散。 频繁的手动调整送风方向， 会分散驾驶员 精力， 带来不安全因素。 自动除雾系统， 已经被作为汽车电子发展的前沿 技术而提出， 它可以自动感知汽车玻璃内表面结雾的程度， 并据此， 自动 调整汽车空调系统的送风方向和大小， 当雾被吹散后， 能自动地将汽车空 调系统的送风方向和大小调回原状。 由于不能很好的解决自动除雾系统传 感器问题， 至今还未见到自动除雾系统在汽车工业中的应用， 相信在不久 的将来自动除雾系统将逐步成为汽车的标准配置。 自动除雾系统的关键技 术是结雾传感器技术， 客观地说， 截止到今日， 世界范围内还未见到实用 的汽车专用的结雾传感器。
现有技术中的自动雨刷系统的关键技术是雨滴传感器技术，客观地说， 截止到今日， 世界范围内的雨滴传感器技术仍不十分成熟， 尽管一些著名 的汽车厂商如德国大众、 美国克莱斯勒、 法国雪铁龙等已经成功地在他们 的汽车产品上配备了自动雨刷系统， 但由于雨滴传感器技术的不成熟造成 了安装难度大、 成本高、 误动作率较高的遗憾。
现有雨滴传感技术按安装形式可分为内置型和外置型两大类， 外置型 是将传感器安装在挡风玻璃外面如发动机盖上面、 汽车前脸外面、 汽车挡 风玻璃外表面等， 外置型雨滴传感的特征是对雨水做直接接触式测量， 已 知的外置型雨滴传感器按工作原理划分有光电式、 电导式、 振动式和平行 板电容式。 绝大多数外置型雨滴传感器由于无法直接安装在玻璃外表面雨 刷刷动的范围内， 因而只能感知雨量大小而无法感知雨刷刷动的效果， 因 而只能形成对雨刷的开环控制系统， 无法形成能反馈雨刷刷动效果的闭环 控制系统。 此外， 外置型雨滴传感器还有容易受污染、 损坏等缺陷， 因此， 外置型雨滴传感器很少在汽车工业中得到应用。'内置型雨滴传感器通常安 装在汽车玻璃内表面雨刷刷动的范围内， 必须采用非接触式检测技术， 它 具有同时感应雨量和感应雨刷刷动效果从而为 ψ刷控制器提供实时反馈信 号的优点， 它安装在车内也避免了环境对它的 ^染和损坏。 现代汽车工业 中内置型雨滴传感器已成为主流。
目前在汽车工业中广泛应用的内置型雨滴传感器全都是光电式的， 光 电式雨滴传感器又分为两种形式， 第一种是在汽车玻璃内表面后安装一台 摄像头， 利用类似于照相机的成像原理对摄像头采集的图像进行图像分析 和处理以感知雨量的变化。 这种光电式雨滴传感器的传感器件、 数据处理 电路和计算机成本过高， 目前还没有在汽车工业中得到应用。 以下只讨论 第二种形式的光电式雨滴传感器， 它在汽车工业中已经被广泛采用， 它是 在汽车玻璃内表面安装一对光束发射和接收装置， 利用光的反射和折射原 理， 当汽车玻璃外表面附着有雨滴时光的折射率将发生变化从而导致接收 端接受光强的变化， 雨滴传感器将光强的变化转变成电信号的变化从而感 知雨量的变化。 光电式内置型雨滴传感器存在以下缺陷：
1、 测量面积小。 下小雨时单位面积上雨滴分布是不均匀的， 因此若测 量面积过小将造成自动雨刷系统反映迟钝。 光电式雨滴传感器的发射器元 件一般是点光源， 尽管可以使用透镜或棱镜， 将光束进行某种程度的散射 以扩大折射面积， 但这将对接受元件的接收灵敏度造成不利影响， 因此， 实用的光电式雨滴传感器测量面积通常都在 1至 2平方厘米以内， 当然可 以设置多对发射和接收端来扩大测量面积， 但这将大大提高成本。
2、 无法测量附着在玻璃表面雨水的厚度。 下大雨时汽车玻璃外表面将 被雨水均匀的覆盖， 此时雨量的大小只能通过从附着在玻璃表面雨水的厚 度变化测量， 若无法测量雨水厚度变化将造成自动雨刷系统动作速度迟缓 从而影响刷雨效果。 光电式雨滴传感器的工作原理是利用光线的折射率变 化， 而折射率只与入射面的物质特性有关， 与物质的厚度无关， 因此， 光 电式雨滴传感器无法反映雨水的厚度变化。
3、易于受到污染物的干扰。当汽车玻璃外表面受到污染物（如： 尘土、 泥污、 油渍、 飞虫尸体等） 污染时， 也将导致光线折射率的较大变化， 光 电式雨滴传感器因无法区分污染物与雨水从而导致自动雨刷系统的误动 作。
4、对安装工艺要求过高。 光电式雨滴传感器要求对发射和接收端有精 确的安装角度和距离， 同时对辅助的透镜和棱镜系统的位置和角度也有很 高的要求， 此外， 考虑到汽车震动的影响， 要求安装必须非常紧固， 以免 由于汽车震动造成光线的偏离从而影响传感器的精度和灵敏度。
5、适应性差。 光电式雨滴传感器的工作原理对不同汽车玻璃的适应性 很差， 玻璃的材质会影响折射率和反射率， 玻璃的厚度会影响发射端和接 收端的安装角度和位置， 因此需要针对不同的汽车玻璃设计相对应的光电 式雨滴传感器。
6、 材料、 安装、 工时成本偏高。 光电式雨滴传感器需要的光电发射和 接收装置、 透镜和棱镜系统、 紧固件等材料成本较高， 由于安装工艺的高 要求造成安装和工时成本偏高， 这是目前自动雨刷系统只出现在中高档车 上的根本原因。
除上述光电式雨滴传感器外， 现有技术中也有少量采用电容式雨滴传 感器。 例如，
1、中国专利号为 02147854. 6，该专利提供了一种由若干片电容极板并 联形成的平行板电容式外置型雨水传感器， 该传感器的外壳上设有进水口 和出水口， 对雨水做直接的接触式测量。 该传感器具有外置型雨水传感器 的典型缺点， 即不能反馈雨刷刷动的效果， 无法构成闭环控制系统； 易受 污染和损坏； 结构复杂。 该传感器采用传统的平行板式电容测量原理。
2、 专利文件 US4805070A, 名为 "电容耦合的湿度传感器"， 其敏感元 2 件是电阻网络， 利用平行板式电容的原理将电阻的变化通过两个不变的平 行板式电容耦合至信号发生器和接收器， 其本质是传统的电阻式湿度传感 器， 该技术方案只是提供了一种信号处理电路与敏感元件 （电阻网络） 的 非接触式连接的方法， 以避开穿越玻璃进行导线连接的难题。 上述专利提 供的技术方案， 其敏感元件安装在汽车玻璃的外表面上， 对雨水的测量时 直接接触式的， 敏感元件安装在汽车玻璃的外表面上将对敏感元件材质和 安装工艺提出极为苛刻的要求， 例如： 要耐腐蚀、 耐磨擦、 耐污， 不能影 响雨刷的正常动作等等。 同时， 敏感元件安装在汽车玻璃的外表面上进行 接触式测量就必须解决敏感元件的电连接问题， 因此上述专利提供的技术 方案提供了在两层玻璃的夹缝中与汽车玻璃外表面形成平行板式耦合电容 的极为复杂的非接触式连接方法， 这种方法工艺过于复杂， 安装成本必然 过 l¾ 0
3、专利文件 US5668478A提供的技术方案测量原理与 US4805070A提供 的技术方案类似， 也是接触式的测量电阻的变化， 用平行板式电容进行信 号耦合的， 具有 US4805070A同样的缺陷。
4、 专利文件 EP0333564A1 , 该专利文件提供的电子雨水探测装置利用 了测量电容的原理， 但该专利提供的传感器是典型的外置型接触式测量雨 水传感器， 该传感器要求有一个防水性能良好的绝缘覆盖层。 该传感器具 有外置型雨水传感器的典型缺陷， 即不能反馈雨刷刷动的效果， 无法构成 闭环控制系统； 易受污染和损坏； 结构复杂。
5、 专利文件 DE3937605A1 , 该传感器的测量原理是传统平行板式电容 测量原理， 其在公开的技术方案为在挡风玻璃上出现水层时， 电容板能够 与水层各自构成一个电容器， 显然这样只能构成两个各自独立的平行板电 容器。 该传感器的主要缺点是， 他要求电容极板必须安装在双层玻璃和两 个功能薄膜之间， 这无疑会限制该传感器的适用范围， 目前汽车工业使用 的风挡玻璃有双层的也有单层的。 此外， 该传感器还存在结构复杂， 安装 和引线困难等缺陷。
发明内容：
本发明要解决的技术问题之一是克服上述大量现有技术之不足， 提供 一种能够检测汽车挡风玻璃表面的雨水 /雾等环境变化的装置，该装置结构 简单， 能够克服现有光电式和平面电容式检测装置存在的测量面积小、 不 能测量雨水厚度、 易受污染物干扰、 安装要求过高、 适应性差和成本偏高 等不足。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供一种能够准确检测汽车挡风玻璃 环境变化的方法， 本方法简单实用， 利于推广。
按照本发明所要解决的技术问题一提供的一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境 变化的装置， 在玻璃的内表面上设有一平面电容器， 所述平面电容器的两 个极板放置在同一平面上， 两个所述极板的总 tf'只小于 100平方厘米， 所 述平面电容器作为敏感元件以检测挡风玻璃表面的环境变化及操作后带来 的环境变化， 所述平面电容器与一传感器检测电路电连接， 所述平面电容 器受外界环境影响而带来的电容量变化的信号传输到所述传感器检测电 路， 所述传感器检测电路根据所检测的电容量变化产生控制设备工作的控 制 号。
按照本发明所要解决的技术问题二提供的一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境 变化的方法， 其包括如下步骤： '
a、 初始化检测装置；
b、 检测装置中的信号产生器产生测试信号， '测试信号传输到平面电容 器；
c、 检测测试信号的数值变化；
d、 传输测试信号到处理单元；
e、 处理单元根据测试信号的变化生成控制信号；
f、 传输控制信号到设备；
g、 检测装置再次检测玻璃表面， 生成反馈信号， 传输到处理单元， 构 成闭环控制系统。
按照本发明提供的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 相对于现有技 术具有如下优点： 本发明提供的平面电容器打破了传统平行板式电容传感 器的思维定势， 两个电容极板不是平行放置， 而是将电容的两个极板放置 在同一平面上。 形成内置式平面电容传感器， 其具有以下优点： 1、 测量面积大。 平面电容极板可做成任意形状、 在不影响驾驶员视线 的条件下测量面积可任意扩大， 这样可以根本上避免光电式雨滴传感器测 量面积过小带来的检测系统反映迟钝的弊端。
2、 可测量附着在玻璃表面雨水的厚度。 由于平面电容的介质空间是极 板上面的玻璃和玻璃表面及外表面附近近似于半椭圆球体形的空间， 在这 个空间范围内， 雨水厚度的变化将导致电容器介质空间介电常数的变化从 而引起电容量的变化。 这就克服了光电式雨滴传感器无法测量雨水厚度变 化造成自动雨刷系统动作速度迟缓从而影响刷雨 果的缺陷。
3、 不易受到污染物的干扰。 由于水的相对介电常数比一般污染物大得 多， 因此平面电容式传感器很容易将污染物与水对电容量造成的变化区分 开来， 从而解决了光电式雨滴传感器由于受污 ϋ影响导致自动雨刷系统 误动作的问题。 '
4、 安装工艺非常简单。 平面电容式传感器可采用粘接、 压接、 喷涂或 各种在玻璃表面镀金属的工艺方法在玻璃内表面形成平面电容器， 不需像 光电式雨滴传感器那样需要精确定位。
5、 适应性强。 由于水的介电常数比玻璃要大几十倍， 因此玻璃材质和 厚度的变化对传感器精度和灵敏度造成的影响可忽略不计， 同一平面电容 式传感器几乎可适应各种汽车玻璃。 不需为各种汽车玻璃设计专门的传感 器0
6、 材料、 安装、 工时成本显著降低。 平面电容式传感器可选用各种导 电材料， 如： 铜箔、 铝箔、 导电橡胶、 导电塑料薄膜， 玻璃表面喷涂镀金 属等， 且有量很少， 一般只需十平方厘米左右， 因此材料成本极低。 由于 安装简单， 安装和安装工时成本也比光电式雨滴传感器低得多。
7、 本发明可以对车内的雾进行检测， 解决了汽车玻璃自动除雾系统没 有可应用的结雾传感器的问题， 本发明的平面电容式传感器可以有效的感 知汽车玻璃内表面结雾的程度， 并直接向汽车玻璃自动除雾系统输出数字 信号， 汽车玻璃自动除雾系统据此信号自动调节送风方向和送风量。
按照本发明提供的一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的方法具有如下优 点： 能够将检测到的信号进行及时处理， 控制相关设备的工作， 实现对挡 风玻璃的除雨或除雾， 本方法利于实现， 适合推广和应用。
附图说明：
图 1是点电荷电场线分布图；
图 2是平行板式电容电场线分布图；
图 3是 2片扇形极板的平面电容器电场线分布图；
图 4是本发明实施例采用的 4片扇形极板的平面电容器示意图； 图 5是本发明涉及介质环境下 2片扇形极板的平面电容器电场线分布 图；
图 6是本发明涉及介质环境下 2片扇形极板的平面电容器形成的测量 空间示意图；
图 7是本发明等效电容测量模型图；
图 8是本发明检测电路框图； '
图 9是本发明实施例安装结构剖面图； '
图 10是本发明实施例安装位置示意图；
图 11是本发明的 8片扇形极板构成的平面电容器示意图；
图 12是本发明的 2片扇形极板构成的平面电容器示意图；
图 13A是本发明的 2片三角形极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 13B是本发明的 2片矩形极板构成的平面电容器示意图；
图 14是本发明的梳状平面电容器的示意图；
图 15是本发明另一种实施例的平面电容器示意图，平面电容器由平面 曲线极板构成；
图 16是本发明另一种实施例的平面电容器安装位置示意图； 图 17是矩形螺旋式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 18是多边形螺旋式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 19是矩形折线式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 20是圆形螺旋式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 21是矩形平行线式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容器示意图； 图 22是安装在玻璃那表面的圆形螺旋式平面曲线极板构成的平面电容 器的磁场示意图； 图 23是本发明应用环境下平面曲线电容的电场线分布图；
下面结合附图给出实施例， 对发明进行详细说明：
具体实施方式：
在详细说明本发明之前，先简述现有技术以及本发明的工作原理： 传统的电容式传感器是基于平行板式电容的， 它的原理是： 如果不考 虑非均匀电场印迹的边缘效应， 两平行板组成的电容，其电容量为
C=e«S/d
式中， e为极板间介质的介电常数， e= eQ* er， eO为真空中的介电常 数， e0=8. 854* 10— 1 2 F/m， er是介质相对真空的介电常数， 空气的相对介 电常数€τ 1， 其它介质 er>l ; S为极板的面积； d为极板的间距。
由于被测量介质的变化引起电容式传感器有关参数 e， S，d的变化， 使 电容量 C随之变化。 据此， 传统的电容式传感器以不同参数的变化可分为 三种类型： 变间距式 （参数 d变化） ； 变面积式 （参数 S变化） ； 变介电 常数式 （参数 e变化） 。
本发明提出的平面电容器， 从原理上打破了传统的基于平行板式电容 原理的电容式传感器的思维定势， 它将电容器的两个极板按一定间隙放置 在同一平面上， 而不是平行放置。 它不属于上述三种传统电容式传感器类 型的任何一种， 它是一种综合性的电容式传感器， 它同时具有变间距式、 变面积式和变介电常数式电容传感器的特性。
本发明的电容测量原理如下：
依据电场理论的场强矢量叠加原理， 我们知道， 电容器的特性可以用 电场线分布来描述， 参见图 1和图 2， 分别给出点电荷和平行板电容的电 场线分布， 图中， 10是电场线， 28和 29是点电荷。 为方便下面的讨论， 图 3给出半圆形平面电容器的电场线分布。 由图 2中可以看出， 平行板电 容的电场线 10主要分布在两平行板之间的矩形空间内，因此在计算平行板 电容的电容量时， 可以忽略平行板边缘电场的影响得出平行板电容的电容 量计算公式： C=e*S/d。 同理， 由图 3可以看出， 平面电容器的电场线主要 分布在两平面电极板周围的近似椭圆形球体空间中， 由于平面电容的理论 计算过于复杂， 此处不作详细讨论， 参见图 3和图 4， 由电场的矢量叠加 原理和电介质在电场中的性质可以推知， 两平面电极板周围的近似椭圆形 球体的磁场中的水平长轴半径 rl r+d/2， 水平短轴半径 r2 r， 垂直短轴 半径 r3可近似地认为分别与 r和 d成正比、 与介质的介电常数成反比。
参见图 5和图 6，图中示出了本发明涉及的应用环境下的平面电容器的 电场线空间分布， 两平面电极板 1、 2紧贴在玻璃 9下面， 由图 5和图 6中 的电场线 10的分布形状可以看出， 由于受到不同介质影响， 两平面电极板 1和电极板 2周围的近似椭圆形球体空间可以划分成三个不同的空间： 汽 车玻璃 9内表面和紧贴在内表面上的平面电极板 1和电极板 2以下的近似 半椭圆形球体空间 N1 ; 平面电极板 1和电极板 2以上和汽车玻璃 9内部包 含的扁平椭圆形空间 N2; 汽车玻璃 9外表面附近形成的半椭圆形空间 Nx。 由于近似半椭圆形球体空间 N1和扁平椭圆形空间 N2的介质分别为均匀的 空气和玻璃， 其介电常数和体积可以认为是不变的。而半椭圆形空间 Nx平 常是空气， 当有其他异物进入时， 其介电常数和体积将发生较大变化， 半 椭圆形空间 Nx正是我们的测量空间。 ' '
基于以上的讨论， 参见图 7， 本发明提出的等效电容模型。 其中， 并联 等效电容 C3是由半近似椭圆形球体空间 N1和扁平椭圆形空间 N2确定的不 变电容， 串联电容 C1和 C2是由平面电极以上穿越汽车玻璃外表面但封闭 在汽车玻璃外表面以内的空间决定的不变电容， Cx是半椭圆形空间 Nx形 成的可变电容。 Cx的电容量同时取决于进入半椭圆形空间 Nx的异物的介 电常数、 异物覆盖的面积、 异物在半椭圆形空间 Nx形成的厚度， 该厚度在 理论上可以等同于平行板电容器的间距。
通过以上对本发明原理的讨论， 我们可以得到下述两点结论：
1、本发明提出的平面电容器不同于以往的任何一种类型的电容式传感 器， 包括： 变面积性、 变间距型、 和变介电常数型， 它是综合性的电容式 传感器， 它可同时感知面积、 间距和介电常数三个参数的变化。
2、 本发明提出的平面电容器不仅可以区分汽车玻璃表面附近的异物， 而且可以同时感知覆盖在传感器上汽车玻璃表面异物覆盖的面积和厚度， 而这正是现有的光电式传感器无法做到的。
在阐述了本发明的发明原理后， 下面给出利用上述原理制造出的检测 汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 这里所讲的环境变化主要是针对汽车挡风 玻璃外表面的雨水和挡风玻璃内表面的雾， 两者采用的原理和设备基本相 同， 只是在使用的平面电容器的形状上有所不同。 因此， 本发明先针对检 测挡风玻璃外表面雨水并自动控制雨刷工作的技术方案进行阐述。
参见图 4、 图 9和图 10， 作为自动雨刷传感器的一种优选实施例， 采 用一面带有不干胶的铜箔胶带，加工成半径为 r=2cm的 4片扇形电极板 11、 12、 21、 22, 所述电极板 11、 12、 21、 22的总面积约为 12平方厘米， 所 述电极板 11、 12、 21、 22粘贴在汽车后视镜 19后面不影响驾驶员视线的 位置的汽车前风挡玻璃 9的内表面上， 形成平面电容器的两个电极。 安装 在汽车挡风玻璃 9的内表面上可以实现非接触式测量的目的。 同时， 所述 平面电容器的安装位置应该属于雨刷刮雨的工作范围内。 不仅对玻璃表面 是否有雨存在进行检测， 而且对雨刷工作的效果进行检测。 所述极板 1、 2 的间隙 d=4mm。 两根屏蔽导线 14的一端分别焊接在平面电容的两个电极板 1、 2上， 为防止人为意外损坏， 在平面电极板 1、 2后面罩上圆锥形塑料 保护罩 24， 圆锥形塑料保护罩 24粘固在汽车前风挡玻璃 9的内表面上， 为保护屏蔽导线 14， 在圆锥形塑料保护罩 24上侧面通过塑料套管 13将屏 蔽导线 14引出到车顶外壳 17和车顶内饰 16的夹层中， 两根屏蔽导线 14· 电连接在安装在车顶外壳 17和车顶内饰 16夹层中的电路板 15上，电路板 15 由带有屏蔽层的塑料外壳 23进行电磁屏蔽和保护， 传感器的数字输出 信号通过屏蔽 LIN总线电缆 18送往自动雨刷系统的控制单元。
参见图 8，本发明给出的上述实施例中，平面电容器的电极的一端连接 在正弦波信号产生器 31的输出端上；另一端连接在程控模拟信号放大和滤 波电路 32的输入端上。 程控模拟信号放大和滤波电路 32接收来自微处理 器 34的程序控制， 进行量程自适应调节， 正弦波信号产生器 31产生的一 定频率的正弦波信号 35 通过平面电容器后， 将变成被衰减的正弦波信号 37, 该信号 37被程控模拟信号放大滤波电路 32接收， 经放大滤波后产生 一个直流电压信号，通过模数转换电路 33转换成数字电压信号送往微处理 器 34， 该数字电压信号在微处理器 34中经数字滤波、 数字线性化处理和 数字自适应算法调整后形成传感器的数字输出信号送往屏蔽 LIN (Local Interconnect Network现场连接网络） 总线接口电路 36， 然后， 通过屏蔽 LIN总线电缆 18送往自动雨刷系统的控制单元。 本发明给出的测试信号也 可以为方波信号或三角波信号。
参见图 4、 图 11至图 14， 本发明给出的上述实施例中， 所述平面电容 器的极板所采用的导电材料包括铜、 铝、 银、 导电橡胶、 导电塑料、 导电 胶， 透明导电薄膜， 通过多种安装方式如： 粘贴、 压固、 喷涂， 在汽车玻 璃内表面上不影响驾驶员视线的位置形成一对平面电极， 该平面电极可以 是多种形状， 包括矩形、 扇形、 三角形、 多边形， 如， 图 4中给出的 4片 扇形极板构成的平面电容器，图 11中给出的 8片扇形极板构成的平面电容 器， 图 12中给出的 2片扇形极板构成的平面电容器， 图 13A中给出的 2片 三角形极板构成的平面电容器， 图 13B中给出的 2片矩形极板构成的平面 电容器， 图 14中给出梳状极板构成的平面电容器。 当有多片电极极板时， 使用导线将其分别相连组成平面电容的两极， 在图 4中给出的 4片扇形极 板平面电容器中， 其极板 11和极板 12连成平 容的一极， 极板 21和极 板 22连成平面电容的另一极; '在图 11给出的 Ί8 '片扇形极板构成的平面电 容器中， 极板 41、 极板 43、 极板 45、 极板 47连成平面电容器的一极， 极 板 42、 极板 44、 极板 46、 极板 48连成平面电容器的另一极。 安装时应保 证平面电容器的极板与玻璃内表面紧密接触， 避免因空气间隙影响传感器 的性能， 玻璃表面镀金属是最好的选择。 实验表明， 平面电容器的极板的 总面积小于 100平方厘米都可以， 但从节约成卒， 以及使用效果来说 10— 20平方厘米最好。 两极板的间隙 d应约等于汽车玻璃的厚度。 平面电容器 的静态电容值在 0. 2-5pf之间， 电容值的测量灵敏度应高于 0. lfp。
在阐述完本发明应用于检测挡风玻璃外表面的雨水以及自动控制雨刷 工作的技术方案后， 现在阐述本发明应用于检测汽车挡风玻璃内表面结雾 程度的技术方案。
参见图 15、 图 22和图 23， 本发明检测雾的电容介质空间与检测雨水 的介质空间略有不同， 将本发明的两个极板 1、 2之间的间距 d设置成远远 小于汽车玻璃 9的厚度， 此时两极板 1、 2周围的扁平介质空间可以划分成 二个不同的空间： 平面电极以上局限在汽车玻璃 9内部的上半扁平空间 N2 和汽车玻璃内表面和平面曲线电极以下的下半扁平介质空间 Nl。 由于上半 扁平空间 N2的介质为均匀玻璃， 因此， 上半扁平空间 N2的介电常数和体 积可以认为是不变的， 而下半扁平空间 N1是空气， 当结雾时， 将有细小的 水珠进入该空间 Nl， 水珠的密度、 水珠的大小和水珠的介电常数将引起下 半扁平空间 N1的有效面积、 厚度和平均介电常数的变化， 此时， 下半扁平 空间 N1正是我们的测量空间。
根据上述原理，参见图 15和图 16，本发明可以采用以透朋塑料薄膜基 板的柔性电路板 5加工成一对半径为 r=3cm, 间距 d=0. 5mm,线宽为 0. 3ram 的多边形螺旋平面曲线电极板， 两电极板总面积约为 10平方厘米， 其中， 极板 1和极板 2分别构成平面电容器的两个电极。 根据冷热空气对流的理 论， 冷空气下降， 热空气上升， 因此， 汽车挡 i¾玻璃 9结雾通常都是自下 而上的。 针对左侧驾驶的汽车， 所述平面电容器粘贴在汽车挡风玻璃 9内 表面的右下角上； 对于右侧驾驶的汽车， 平面电容器粘贴在汽车挡风玻璃 9内表面的左下角。 上述位置的选择使得平面电容器既不影响驾驶员视线， 又可以准确及时地检测结雾程度。 在汽车挡风玻璃 9的内表面上粘接有平 面柔性电路板 5制成的曲线电容， 柔性电路板 5的延伸部分伸入车顶外壳 17和车顶内饰 16的夹层中。 两根屏蔽导线 14的一端分别悍接在平面曲线 电容的两个极板 1、 2上， 将屏蔽导线 14引出到车顶外壳 17和车顶内饰 16的夹层中； 两根屏蔽导线 14的另一端电连接在安装在车顶外壳 17和车 顶内饰 16夹层中的智能信号处理单元电路板 15上，电路板 15由带有屏蔽 层的塑料外壳进行电磁屏蔽和保护， 传感器的数字输出信号通过屏蔽 LIN 总线电缆 18送往自动除雾系统的控制单元。
参见图 8，本发明给出的上述优选实施例中，平面电容器的极板的一端 连接在正弦波发生电路 31的输出端上；另一端连接在程控模拟信号放大滤 波电路 32的输入端上。 程控模拟信号放大滤波电路 32接收来自微处理器 3 的程序控制， 进行量程自适应调节， 正弦波发生电路 31产生的一定频 率的正弦波信号 35通过平面电容器后， 将变成被衰减的正弦波信号 37， 该信号 37被程控模拟信号放大滤波电路 32接收， 经放大滤波后产生一个 直流电压信号， 通过模数转换电路 33 转换成数字电压信号送往微处理器 34, 该数字电压信号在微处理器 34中经数字滤波、数字线性化处理和数字 自适应算法调整后形成传感器的数字输出信号送往 LIN ( Local Interconnect Network现场连接网络） 总线接口电路 36， 然后， 通过屏蔽 LIN总线电缆 18送往自动除雾系统的控制单元。
本发明给出的自动除雾传感器， 其可以采用多种导电材料作为极板， 如： 铜、 铝、 银、 导电橡胶、 导电塑料、 导电胶， 透明导电薄膜， 通过多 种工艺方法如： 粘贴、 压固、 喷涂， 在汽车玻璃内表面上不影响驾驶员视 线的位置形成一对平面曲线电极， 该平面曲线 ^极可以是多种形状， 其中 图 17中给出的是矩形螺旋式平面电容器， 图 给出的是多边形螺旋式平 面电容器， 图 19给出的是矩形折线式平面电容 ， 图 20给出的是圆形螺 旋式平面电容器， 图 21给出的是矩形平行线式平面电容器。要求平面曲线 电极与玻璃内表面应紧密接触， 玻璃表面镀金属是最好的选择。
实验表明， 平面曲线电极板的间距以小于 0. 5mm为宜， 曲线电极板的 线宽以小于 0. 3mm为宜。 通过焊接、 压接、 粘 或导电橡胶等任意连接方 法将两电极板用导线引出， 引出导线最好是屏蔽线。
下面给出利用上述装置对汽车挡风玻璃表 进行环境变化的检测方 法- '
参见图 26， 按照本发明提供的检测方法， 其包括如下步骤： a、初始化 检测装置； b、检测装置中的信号产生器 31产生测试信号 35， 测试信号 35 传输到平面电容器； c、 检测测试信号 35 的数值变化； d、 传输测试信号 35到处理单元； e、 处理单元根据测试信号 35的变化生成控制信号； f、 传输控制信号到设备； g、 检测装置再次检测玻璃表面， 生成反馈信号， 传 输到处理单元， 构成闭环控制系统。
本发明对于检测装置的初始化是根据汽车玻璃的材料和厚度、 平面电 容器传感元件的面积及安装方式、 环境温度、 湿度条件， 检测并设定平面 电容器传感元件的静态初始值。 由于不同的物质， 其介质常数不一样， 因 此检测装置可以根据不同的物质， 设置不同的初始值， 从而判断是何种物 质附着在玻璃表面。 例如， 当水附着在平面电容器所在的玻璃表面时， 平 面电容器的电容值发生变化， 将此时电容器的变化量设定， 作为判断水附 着在玻璃表面的标准。
本发明中的所述测试信号的频率为 lOOkHZ— lOOOkHZ。使用上述频率可 以满足本发明的检测要求， 提高了本发明的检测精度。 所述平面电容器的 静态电容值在 0. 2- 5pf 之间， 是平面电容器具有较高的灵敏度， 满足本发 明的需要。
参见图 5、 图 8和图 26， 本发明的方法是如此实现： 在汽车挡风玻璃 9 的内表面上设有平面电容器， 所述平面电容器的两个极板 1、 2放置在同一 平面上， 其作为敏感元件以检测挡风玻璃 9表面的环境变化， 所述平面电 容器受外界环境影响而带来的电容量 Cx 变化的信号传输到传感器检测电 路 3， 所述传感器检测电路 3根据所检测的电容量 Cx的变化， 产生控制设 备工作的控制信号。 所述传感器检测电路 3包括信号产生器 31、 程控模拟 信号放大和滤波电路 32、 模数转换电路 33、 微处理器 34， 所述信号产生 器 31产生接入平面电容器的测试信号 35， 测试 ί言号 35的变化能够反应所 述平面电容器的电容量 Cx的变化， 因此， 测试信号 35的变化量能够反应 玻璃表面环境的变化。所述平面电容器的测试信号 35输入所述程控模拟信 号放大和滤波电路 32， 进行放大和滤波后， 产生一直流电压信号， 所述直 流电压信号经过所述模数转换电路 33转换成数字电压信号，所述微处理器 34接收所述数字电压信号， 对所述数字电压信号进行数字滤波、 数字线性 化处理和数字自适应算法调整，形成控制设备工作的传感器数字输出信号。 所述设备可以是雨刷装置或除雾装置。

Claims

权利要 求 书
1、 一种检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在于： 在玻璃的内 表面上设有一平面电容器， 所述平面电容器的两个极板 （1、 2) 放置在同 一平面上， 两个所述极板 （1、 2) 的总面积小于 100平方厘米， 所述平面 电容器作为敏感元件以检测挡风玻璃表面的环境变化及操作后带来的环境 变化， 所述平面电容器与一传感器检测电路（3) 电连接， 所述平面电容器 受外界环境影响而带来的电容量变化的信号传输到所述传感器检测电路
( 3 ) ， 所述传感器检测电路 （3) 根据所检测的电容量变化产生控制设备 工作的控制信号。
2、如权利要求 1所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在 于： 所述传感器检测电路（3)包括一信号产生器（31 ) 、 一程控模拟信号 放大和滤波电路 （32) 、 一模数转换电路 （33 ) 、 一微处理器 （34) ， 所 述信号产生器 （31 ) 产生一接入平面电容器的测试信号 （35) ， 所述平面 电容器的测试信号 （35) 输入所述程控模拟信号放大和滤波电路 （32) ， 进行放大和滤波后， 产生一直流电压信号， 所述直流电压信号经由所述模 数转换电路 （33) 转换成数字电压信号， 所述微处理器 （34) 接收所述数 字电压信号， 对所述数字电压信号进行数字滤波、 数字线性化处理和数字 自适应算法调整， 形成控制设备工作的传感器数字输出信号。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在 于： 所述平面电容器的极板 （1、 2) 的形状包括： 矩形、 扇形、 三角形、 多边形。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在 于： 所述平面电容器由两个梳状极板 （1、 2) 交错而成。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在 于： 所述平面电容器的两个极板 （1、 2) 位于同一平面上， 由平行导线按 一定间距以曲线形状形成的平面电容器。
6、如权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4或 5所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化 的装置， 其特征在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2) 所采用的导电材 料包括： 铜、 铝、 银、 导电胶条、 导电塑料、 透明导电薄膜或导电胶。
7、 如权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2) 分别由经由导线连接的多 片电极构成。
8、如权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4或 5所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化 的装置， 其特征在于： 所述平面电容器的安装方式包括粘接、 压固、 喷涂 在汽车挡风玻璃 （9) 的内表面上。
9、如权利要求 2所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征在 于： 所述测试信号 （35 ) 为正弦波信号、 方波信号或三角波信号。
10、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其 特征在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2 ) 面积为 10— 20平方厘米。
11、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的 '检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其 特征在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2) 之间的间距等于所在位置的 挡风玻璃 （9) 的厚度。
12、 如权利要求 5所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征 在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2 ) 的形状包括折线、 螺旋线、 平行
13、 如权利要求 5所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征 在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2) 之间的间距小于其所在位置的挡 风玻璃 （9) 的厚度。
14、 如权利要求 5所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的装置， 其特征 在于： 所述平面电容器的两极板 （1、 2) 的线宽小于 0. 3mm。
15、 一种采用权利要求 1所述检测装置检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的 方法， 其包括如下步骤：
a、 初始化检测装置；
b、检测装置中的信号产生器（31 )产生测试信号（35 )，测试信号（35) 传输到平面电容器；
c、 检测测试信号 （35) 的数值变化；
d、 传输测试信号 （35 ) 到处理单元； e、 处理单元根据测试信号 （35) 的变化生成控制信号； f、 传输控制信号到设备；
g、 检测装置再次检测玻璃表面， 生成反馈信号， 传输到处理单元， 构 成闭环控制系统。
16、 如权利要求 15所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的方法， 其特征 在于： 初始化检测装置是根据汽车玻璃的材料和厚度、 平面电容器传感元 件的面积及安装方式、 环境温度、 湿度条件， 检测并设定平面电容器传感 元件的静态初始值。
17、 如权利要求 15所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的方法， 其特征 在于： 所述测试信号 （35) 为正弦波信号、 方波信号或三角波信号。
18、 如权利要求 17所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的方法， 其特征 在于： 所述测试信号的频率为 lOOkHZ— 1000kHZ。
19、 如权利要求 15所述的检测汽车挡风玻 环境变化的方法， 其特征 在于： 所述平面电容的静态电容值在 0. 2- 5pf之间。
20、 如权利要求 15所述的检测汽车挡风玻璃环境变化的方法， 其特征 在于： 控制信号控制的设备包括雨刷装置和 /或除雾装置。
PCT/CN2004/000682 2003-09-19 2004-06-24 Dispositif et procede de detection du changement environnemental affectant un pare-brise WO2005029134A1 (fr)

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US10/595,085 US7208962B2 (en) 2003-09-19 2004-06-24 Device and method for detecting the environment change of windshield
EP04738280A EP1669779B1 (en) 2003-09-19 2004-06-24 A device and method for detecting the environmental change of a windshield
JP2006526505A JP2007533961A (ja) 2003-09-19 2004-06-24 自動車ウィンドシールドガラスの環境変化を検知する装置と方法
ES04738280T ES2399825T3 (es) 2003-09-19 2004-06-24 Un dispositivo y método para detectar el cambio ambiental de un parabrisas
KR1020057025170A KR101122686B1 (ko) 2003-09-19 2005-12-28 자동차 앞유리의 환경 변화를 검출하는 장치 및 방법

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CN 03160009 CN1245300C (zh) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 一种实现汽车玻璃除雾智能化的方法和装置
CN03160009.3 2003-09-19
CN 03160008 CN1217204C (zh) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 平面电容式汽车玻璃自动雨刷系统智能传感器

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