WO2005017513A1 - 特定高分子結晶の評価装置 - Google Patents
特定高分子結晶の評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005017513A1 WO2005017513A1 PCT/JP2004/012142 JP2004012142W WO2005017513A1 WO 2005017513 A1 WO2005017513 A1 WO 2005017513A1 JP 2004012142 W JP2004012142 W JP 2004012142W WO 2005017513 A1 WO2005017513 A1 WO 2005017513A1
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- ray
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating a specific high molecular crystal for evaluating a specific high molecular crystal by utilizing an X-ray diffraction phenomenon, and particularly to an apparatus suitable for evaluating a biological high molecular crystal such as a protein crystal.
- the structural analysis of protein crystals using X-ray diffraction phenomena involves first injecting protein crystal grains obtained by crystallizing the protein in a solution into a glass capillary tube called a cabinetry. It was carried out by loading into a line diffractometer.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to automate the structural analysis of a specific polymer crystal using the X-ray diffraction phenomenon to speed up the processing. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a device for evaluating a specific polymer crystal present in a sample container using a sample container that transmits X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and visible light, A sample detection stage for detecting a specific polymer crystal,
- An X-ray measurement stage that is located at a distance from the sample detection stage and performs X-ray diffraction measurement of a specific polymer crystal
- control means for positioning the sample on the sample placement portion.
- the specific polymer crystal in the sample container is detected by the sample detection stage, and the transport means is controlled based on the information obtained there. Since the positioning is performed to the sample, the work from the detection of the specific polymer crystal to the positioning to the sample placement part can be automated, and the evaluation process can be sped up.
- a crystallization plate having a large number of recesses for producing protein crystals is used as a sample container, and protein crystals are generated in each recess of the crystallization plate.
- the crystals are detected on the sample detection stage, and then the crystallization plate is transported to the X-ray measurement stage, and the protein crystals in each recess are sequentially positioned on the sample placement part and X-ray diffraction measurement is performed. If you carry out many proteins Crystals can be continuously evaluated, and the working time can be greatly reduced.
- the sample detection stage irradiates the sample container with ultraviolet light to detect a fluorescent image emitted from the sample in the sample container, and a visible light image of the sample present in the sample container.
- a crystal detecting means for detecting the outer shape of the sample.
- control means determines a sample in which a fluorescent image is detected by the specific polymer detecting means and an outer shape indicating a crystal is detected by the crystal detecting means as a specific polymer crystal, and the position of the specific polymer crystal is determined. It can be configured to recognize (claim 2).
- Polymer crystals especially many biopolymers, emit fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light.
- a polymer crystal having the property of emitting fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light is referred to as “specific polymer crystal”.
- a protein crystal corresponds to the specific polymer crystal.
- the present invention is directed to a method of detecting a specific polymer in a sample container by irradiating the sample container with ultraviolet light and detecting a fluorescent image emitted from the sample in the sample container, focusing on the characteristics of the specific polymer crystal. I have to.
- the detected specific macromolecule forms a crystal may not be distinguished from the fluorescence image alone.
- the aggregation of a specific polymer when present in the sample container, the aggregation also emits fluorescence, so that the fluorescence image of the crystal and the fluorescence image of the aggregation are detected together.
- the present invention detects the outer shape of the sample from the visible light image of the sample present in the sample container, distinguishes the crystal from the other from the outer shape, and compares the result of the fluorescence image with the detection result. Together with this, the “crystal” of the “specific polymer” is determined, and the position of the specific polymer crystal is recognized.
- the X-ray measurement stage includes an X-ray irradiator that irradiates X-rays from above or below to the specific polymer crystal in the sample container placed in the sample placement section,
- a rotary drive mechanism for rotating the rotary arm by an arbitrary angle about a substantially horizontal axis.
- the integrated intensity of the diffraction X-ray for the specific polymer crystal can be obtained without rotating the sample container.
- the integrated intensity of diffracted X-rays is obtained by changing the X-ray irradiation angle on the crystal, detecting the X-ray diffracted intensity when X-rays are irradiated from various angles, and integrating those intensity data.
- the integrated intensity of the diffracted X-rays has been determined by rotating the cavities enclosing the crystal sample.
- the peak intensity (diffraction spot) of the diffracted X-ray detected at a fixed position with respect to the crystal was obtained by observing only one cross section of the reflected X-ray distributed in a spherical shape. Is only a few hundredths to a thousandths of the peak intensity required for the structural analysis (ie, the determination of the molecular structure).
- peak intensities can be obtained from a plurality of cross sections for reflected X-rays from crystals distributed in a spherical shape. It can be detected and its integrated intensity can be obtained. As a result, highly reliable analysis and evaluation of the crystal structure can be realized based on the integrated intensity of the detected diffracted X-rays.
- the concave portion of the crystallization plate is filled with a solution, and specific polymer crystals such as protein crystals exist in a suspended state in this solution. Therefore, when the crystallization plate is rotated, the solution spills out, or the crystals in the solution move, so that it cannot be rotated.
- the crystallization plate is rotated as described above. Diffraction without X-ray integral intensity Degree can be determined.
- the transport means includes a sample stage on which a sample container is placed, an XYZ table for mounting the sample stage and moving the sample stage in X, Y, and height directions orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane. And a slider that conveys the table from the sample detection stage to the X-ray measurement stage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the entire configuration of a specific polymer crystal evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is also a schematic front view.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a sample container.
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged front sectional view showing a part of the sample container.
- FIG. 4A is a plan view showing the configuration of the sample stage.
- FIG. 4B is a front sectional view showing the configuration of the sample stage.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the sample detection stage.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for detecting protein crystals performed by the central processing unit.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a subroutine relating to step S4 in FIG. 6 c
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the page detection processing in step SI1 shown in FIG. 7 c
- FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B Is a sketch of a microscope image when a sample solution containing a mixture of protein crystals and crystals of a substance that does not emit autofluorescence is observed.
- Figures 10A and 10B show microscopic observations of a sample solution containing protein aggregation. It is a sketch of a mirror image.
- FIG. 11 is a side view showing the configuration of the X-ray measurement stage.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the principle of measurement of a protein crystal in the X-ray measurement stage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the entire configuration of the specific polymer crystal evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a front wedge type diagram similarly.
- the specific polymer crystal evaluation apparatus includes a sample container storage unit 100, a supply port bot 200, a sample container identification unit 300, a transport unit 400 (transport means), and a sample inspection unit.
- An output stage 500, an X-ray measurement stage 600, and a central processing unit 700 (control means) are provided.
- the sample container storage unit 100 is formed by a partition shelf capable of storing a plurality of sample containers 10 side by side, and the sample containers 10 storing protein crystals are arranged side by side in the sample container storage unit 100. It is placed.
- a crystallization plate formed of a material such as polyimide that transmits ultraviolet light, visible light, and X-rays.
- FIG. 3A a large number of recesses 11 are formed in the sample container 10 using the crystallization plate, and protein crystals S can be generated in the recesses 11. .
- Various methods for producing a protein crystal using a crystallization plate are known, including a vapor diffusion method.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the protein crystal S is generated by the vapor diffusion method. The protein crystal S is generated in the droplet of the sample solution L on the lower surface of the cover plate 12.
- the formation conditions for each of the many recesses 11 formed in the sample container 10 were different. Thus, different types of protein crystals S can be separately produced.
- the supply robot 200 is provided with a robot arm 201 that can freely expand and contract in the axial direction, can move in the height direction, and can turn on a horizontal plane.
- An open / close chuck 202 is provided at the end of the robot arm 201. Is provided.
- the sample container 100 stored in the sample container storage unit 100 is gripped by the opening / closing chuck 202, pulled out from the storage unit 100, and first transferred to the sample container identification unit 300. You.
- the sample container identification section 300 is provided with an information reading device for reading the identification information attached to the sample container 10 in advance, and a position where the information reading device can read the identification information (information reading position).
- the sample container 10 is placed in the).
- an information reading device is constituted by the bar code reader.
- the sample container 10 pulled out from the sample container storage unit 100 is used.
- a container holding part 310 is provided near the sample container storage part 100. The sample container 10 pulled out from the sample container storage unit 100 is once placed in the container holding unit 3110, and the opening / closing chuck 202 is accurately grasped again and the sample container identification unit 30 Transferred to 0.
- the transport unit 400 includes a sample table 410 on which the sample container 10 is placed, an XYZ table 402 on which the sample table 401 is mounted, and a sample table 4001 on which the XYZ table 402 is mounted. And a slider 403 that is integrally conveyed.
- the sample table 401 is provided with a positioning work block 404 and a pressing unit 405 on the upper surface, and a sample container 100 mounted on the upper surface.
- the sample container 10 is always kept at a fixed position on the sample table 401 by pressing the corners with the actuator 400 and bringing the diagonal corners into contact with the alignment block 404. It is designed to be placed.
- the sample stage 401 has a through-hole 401a at a position where the sample container 10 is placed.
- the through-holes 401 a are used for the ultraviolet and visible light irradiating the sample container 10 at the sample detection stage 500 described below, and for the X-ray measurement stage 6. It is for transmitting X-rays irradiated to the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 at 00.
- the XYZ table 402 is a mechanism for moving the sample table 401 in the X and Y directions orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane and moving the sample table 401 in the height direction (Z direction).
- the XYZ table 402 is mounted on a slider 403.
- the slider 400 forms a transport path connecting the sample detection stage 500 and the X-ray measurement stage 600, and the sample stage 401 mounted on the XYZ table 402 is used for sample detection. It has a function of transporting linearly between the stage 500 and the X-ray measurement stage 600.
- the sample detection stage 500 is a stage for detecting the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 and recognizing the position of the center of gravity.
- the X-ray measurement stage 600 is a stage for X-ray diffraction measurement of the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 detected in the sample detection stage 500. Each of these stages will be described in detail later.
- the central processing unit 700 is composed of a general-purpose computer and executes the above-described drive control of each unit of the device. In addition, the central processing unit 700 executes discrimination of the protein crystal S in the sample detection stage 500 and recognition of the position of the center of gravity, and also executes X-ray measurement processing in the X-ray measurement stage 600.
- the central processing unit 700 performs the XYZ table 402 and the slider 400 based on the positional information (information of the position of the center of gravity) of the protein crystal S recognized based on the information obtained at the sample detection stage 500.
- 3 has a function of positioning the protein crystal S on the sample placement unit 6100 of the X-ray measurement stage 600.
- the slider 403 gradually accelerates for a certain period from the start, and then drives the slider 403 at a constant speed, then gradually decelerates and stops at the sample placement unit 610.
- the drive is controlled so that As a result, the inertia force can be suppressed, and the movement of the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 placed on the sample stage 401 can be prevented.
- sample detection stage 500 Next, the sample detection stage 500 will be described in more detail.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the sample detection stage.
- a visible light irradiation unit 52 and an ultraviolet irradiation unit 52 1 are installed below the sample detection unit 5100 on which the sample container 10 is arranged.
- the visible light irradiation unit 520 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 521 are light sources for irradiating the sample container 10 arranged in the sample detection unit 510 with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the visible light irradiation unit 52 and the ultraviolet irradiation unit 52 1 are slid in the horizontal direction, and one of the units is arranged to face the sample container 10.
- a reflection mirror is arranged between the sample container 10, the visible light irradiation unit 52, and the ultraviolet irradiation unit 521, and the visible light or ultraviolet irradiation unit 5 emitted from the visible light irradiation unit 52 is arranged. If the configuration is such that the ultraviolet rays emitted from 21 are guided to the sample container 10, it is not necessary to arrange these irradiation units 52 0, 52 21 so as to face the sample container 10.
- the sample container 10 is placed on the sample table 401 as described above, and is arranged in the sample detecting section 5100 by moving the XYZ table 402 and the slider 403.
- a microscope 5300 and a two-dimensional imaging unit 5400 are arranged above the sample detecting section 5100.
- the microscope 530 enlarges an image obtained through the sample container 10 by irradiation with ultraviolet light or visible light, and guides the image to the two-dimensional imaging unit 540.
- the microscope 530 is configured so that the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 can be searched by changing the focal position in the vertical direction.
- the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 for example, CCD can be used.
- the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 converts the magnified image incident through the microscope 530 into an electric signal (image data), and outputs it to the central processing unit 700.
- the central processing unit 700 processes the image data input from the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 to detect the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 and recognize its position.
- Figures 6 and 7 show the method of detecting protein crystals performed by the central processing unit. Mouth-chart.
- the light source is set to the ultraviolet irradiation unit 521, and the sample container 10 is irradiated with ultraviolet light emitted from the ultraviolet irradiation unit 521.
- the image obtained through the sample container 10 is magnified by the microscope 530 and enters the two-dimensional imaging unit 540.
- the central processing unit 700 inputs the image data sent from the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 (step S1), and detects a fluorescent image from the image data (step S2). . That is, since the protein crystals S generated in the sample solution L emit fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, the fluorescence image is incident on the two-dimensional imaging unit 540. Therefore, the central processing unit 700 analyzes the image data input from the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 to detect the fluorescent image, and grasps the fluorescent image, that is, the position of the protein.
- the position of the protein grasped here is a position on the horizontal plane (xy coordinate), and the position in the height direction (z coordinate) is grasped by the focal position of the microscope 530.
- the light source is switched from the ultraviolet irradiation unit 52 1 to the visible light irradiation unit 52 0, and the sample container 10 is irradiated with visible light emitted from the visible light irradiation unit 5 20.
- the visible light image obtained through the sample container 10 is magnified by the microscope 530 and enters the two-dimensional imaging unit 540.
- the central processing unit 700 inputs the image data sent from the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 (step S 3), processes the image data, and detects the crystals in the sample solution L.
- the position of the center of gravity is recognized (step S4).
- This step S 4 (crystal detection step) is processed according to a subroutine shown in FIG. That is, the image data input from the two-dimensional imaging unit 540 is binarized based on a predetermined threshold, and each pixel on the xy coordinate is converted into a binary data of “1” and “0”. (Step S10).
- a pixel corresponding to the edge of the sample present in the sample solution L is detected from the binarized image data (step SI 1).
- the pixel of interest to be determined is black (“1”), and when it is black, the surrounding pixels (pixels 1 to 8) are similarly black (pixels 1 to 8). It determines whether it is "1" or white (data "0").
- the above-described processing is performed for all pixels in the xy coordinate system, and all pixels corresponding to the edge of the sample are extracted.
- the adjacent pixels are connected, and the contour of the sample is detected (step S12). If the start point and end point of this contour line match, the contour line is determined to be a closed contour line. Then, a sample having a closed contour is determined to be a crystal having a certain area. On the other hand, a sample whose contour is not closed is excluded because it is not crystallized, such as agglomeration.
- step S13 the internal region of the sample (ie, crystal) having a closed contour is recognized, and the position of the center of gravity of the internal region is calculated using a known calculation method (step S13).
- the moment amount of the connected figure S recognized as a crystal is obtained, and the calculation can be performed from this moment amount. That is, when the weight of each pixel of the connected figure S is set to 1 equally, the moment M (m, n) is defined by the following equation.
- M (1, 0) is the moment about the X axis
- M (0, 1) is the moment about the y-axis
- the central processing unit 700 After calculating the position of the center of gravity of the detected crystal, the central processing unit 700 returns to the main routine shown in FIG. 6 again, and returns to the position of the protein detected based on the fluorescence image and the crystal detected based on the visible light image. Recognize protein crystal S by superimposing the positions of. Then, the position of the center of gravity obtained in step S13 in FIG. 7 is stored for the protein crystal S (step S5). As described above, the position of the center of gravity of the protein crystal S existing in the sample container 10 can be automatically detected.
- Figures 9A and 9B are sketches of microscopic images when observing a sample solution containing a mixture of protein crystals and crystals of a substance that does not emit autofluorescence.
- Figure 9A shows visible light in the sample solution.
- FIG. 9B is a fluorescent image obtained by irradiating the sample solution with ultraviolet light.
- Figures 10A and 10B are sketches of microscopic images when observing a sample solution containing protein aggregation.
- Figure 1OA shows a fluorescence image obtained by irradiating the sample solution with ultraviolet light. It is a visible light image obtained by irradiating a sample solution with visible light.
- FIG. 11 is a side view showing the configuration of the X-ray measurement stage
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the principle of measuring protein crystals in the X-ray measurement stage.
- the X-ray measurement stage 600 has an X-ray irradiation unit 62 (X-ray irradiation means) below the sample placement section 610 and an X-ray A line detector 630 (X-ray detecting means) is provided.
- X-ray irradiation unit 62 X-ray irradiation means
- X-ray A line detector 630 X-ray detecting means
- the sample container 10 placed on the sample table 4 0 1 is positioned and positioned in the sample placement section 6 10 by moving the XYZ table 4 0 2 and the slider 4 3. c
- the X-ray irradiation unit 620 includes an X-ray source 621 and an X-ray optical system 622.
- the X-ray source 6 2 1 uses a laboratory X-ray generator with a built-in electron gun and evening c. This type of X-ray generator is a large-scale X-ray generator that generates synchrotron radiation. Unlikely, the dimensions and weight are much smaller. Therefore, it can be mounted on the rotary arm 640 and driven to rotate as described later.
- the X-ray optical system 622 selects only X-rays of a specific wavelength from the X-rays extracted from the X-ray source 621 (monochromatization), or converges the X-rays to the sample placement section 610 It has functions such as a mirror function and a combination of optical devices such as confocal mirror and collimator.
- the X-ray detector 630 a two-dimensional X-ray detector is used.
- a CCD is used as the X-ray detector 630, and the intensity of the diffracted X-ray detected on the plane is converted into an electric signal and output to the central processing unit 700. Is configured.
- the X-ray irradiation unit 62 and the X-ray detector 630 described above are mounted on the rotating arm 640, respectively.
- the shape of the rotating arm 640 is arbitrary, and may be, for example, a plate or a rod.
- An X-ray irradiation unit 620 is mounted on one end of the rotating arm 640, and an X-ray detector 630 is mounted on the other end thereof.
- the center of the rotary arm 64 is mounted on the rotary shaft 641a of the rotary drive mechanism 641, and the rotary drive mechanism 641 allows rotation by an arbitrary angle around the rotary shaft 641a. It is.
- the center line 0 of the rotation axis 641 a of the rotation drive mechanism 641 is arranged substantially horizontally, and the optical axis of the X-ray emitted from the X-ray irradiation unit 62 Adjusted to intersect center line 0 of 1 a.
- the rotation drive mechanism 641 is composed of, for example, a drive motor such as a stepping motor capable of controlling the rotation angle with high accuracy, and a gear mechanism for transmitting the rotation to the rotation shaft 641a.
- the rotation angle of the motor is controlled by the central processing unit 700. It is preferable that the rotation angle can be arbitrarily controlled in a range of about 45 ° in both the forward and reverse directions.
- the X-ray irradiation unit 620 mounted on the rotating arm 640 is disposed below the sample placement unit 610, and the X-ray detector 630 is mounted on the sample placement unit 610.
- X-rays are radiated from below to the protein crystals S generated in the sample container 10 above the sample placement section 610, and the diffracted X-rays reflected by the protein crystals S are arranged above.
- the X-ray detector 630 detects the sample above the sample container 10.
- the arrangement of the X-ray irradiation unit 62 and the X-ray detector 630 is reversed, and the X-ray irradiation unit 62 is arranged above the sample placement unit 61 and the X-ray
- the vessel 630 can also be arranged below it.
- the X-ray detector 630 is provided with a detection position adjusting mechanism 650. This The detection position adjusting mechanism 650 moves the X-ray detector 630 in the direction of the radius of rotation (the direction a in the drawing), and moves the X-ray detector 630 in one direction parallel to the sample container 10 placed in the sample placement section 610.
- the detection position adjusting mechanism 6550 is moved along the first guide rail 651 installed on the rotating arm 64, and the first guide rail 651.
- a driving mode (not shown) for driving each of these moving tables, and an X-ray detector 630 is fixed to the second moving table. Is defined.
- the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 is automatically positioned and arranged in the sample placement section 6110.
- c i.e. to adjust the distance between the protein crystal S and the X-ray detector 6 3 0 If necessary, the closer the X-ray detector 6 3 0 to protein crystal S, radiate from protein crystal S It can detect diffraction spots of X-rays reflected in a wide angle range. However, when the reciprocal lattice density of the protein crystal S is high, when the X-ray detector 630 is brought close to the protein crystal S, diffraction spots of X-rays radially reflected from the protein crystal S are overlapped and detected. There is a risk that it will.
- the distance between the protein crystal S and the X-ray detector 630 is appropriately adjusted by moving and adjusting the X-ray detector 630 in the direction a in FIG. 11 using the detection position adjusting mechanism 650. It is possible to obtain a suitable detection data by adjusting.
- the detection range of the diffracted X-rays radially reflected from the protein crystal S is changed by moving and adjusting the X-ray detector 630 in the direction b in FIG. 11 with the detection position adjusting mechanism 650. You can also.
- X-rays are emitted from the X-ray irradiation unit 62 to perform X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the X-rays emitted from the X-ray irradiation unit 620 are incident on the protein crystal S in the sample container 10 from below. And from the protein crystal S radially X The rays are diffracted, and the diffracted X-rays are detected by the X-ray detector 630.
- the central processing unit 700 executes crystal evaluation and crystal structure analysis based on the detected diffraction X-ray intensity data.
- the rotation arm 640 When the protein crystal S is irradiated with X-rays from various angles to detect the intensity of the diffracted X-rays, the rotation arm 640 is driven to rotate by the rotation drive mechanism 641, and the protein is rotated. The angles of the X-ray irradiation unit 62 and the X-ray detector 630 with respect to the lattice plane of the white matter crystal S are adjusted, and the above X-ray diffraction measurement is repeated. By this operation, the integrated intensity of the diffracted X-ray with respect to the protein crystal S can be obtained without rotating the sample container 10, and a highly reliable crystal structure analysis based on the integrated intensity can be realized. Can be done.
- protein crystals have been described as targets for detection.
- the subject of the method of the present invention is not limited to this, and various methods having characteristics of emitting fluorescence when irradiated with ultraviolet rays are used.
- the specific polymer crystal can be detected.
- the specific high molecular crystal in the sample container is detected by the sample detection stage, and the transport means is controlled based on the information obtained therefrom. Since the positioning is performed on the sample placement part of the measurement stage, the work from the detection of the specific polymer crystal to the positioning on the sample placement part can be automated, and the evaluation process can be accelerated.
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Abstract
Description
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US10/568,740 US7342995B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2004-08-18 | Apparatus for estimating specific polymer crystal |
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JP2003207771A JP4458513B2 (ja) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | 特定高分子結晶の評価装置 |
JP2003-207771 | 2003-08-18 |
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CN109862964B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2022-04-29 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 准备和分析物质的固态特性 |
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CN115280139A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-11-01 | 保罗·谢勒学院 | 用于在多个独立单元中容纳分子的探针溶液的装置 |
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JP2004020397A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Rigaku Corp | 結晶評価装置 |
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NL8900028A (nl) * | 1989-01-06 | 1990-08-01 | Philips Nv | Roentgen onderzoek apparaat met hulpinstelkracht. |
US5353236A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-10-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford University | High-resolution crystallographic modelling of a macromolecule |
US7144457B1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2006-12-05 | Takeda San Diego, Inc. | Methods and devices for analyzing crystalline content of precipitates and crystals without isolation |
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JPH04216441A (ja) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-08-06 | Fujitsu Ltd | タンパク質溶液濃度の2次元測定方法および装置 |
JPH0735687A (ja) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-02-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | 生体高分子結晶の検索方法 |
WO2002057763A2 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-07-25 | Structural Genomix, Inc. | Apparatus and method for identification of crystals by in-situ x-ray diffraction |
JP2003194741A (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | X線回折装置、反射x線測定方法および逆格子空間マップ作成方法 |
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Cited By (2)
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CN105960590A (zh) * | 2014-02-05 | 2016-09-21 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | X射线衍射装置以及x射线衍射测量方法 |
CN105960590B (zh) * | 2014-02-05 | 2018-12-21 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | X射线衍射装置以及x射线衍射测量方法 |
Also Published As
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JP2005061872A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
US7342995B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
US20060266954A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
JP4458513B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 |
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