WO2005016816A1 - 燃料改質装置および燃料改質方法 - Google Patents
燃料改質装置および燃料改質方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005016816A1 WO2005016816A1 PCT/JP2004/011946 JP2004011946W WO2005016816A1 WO 2005016816 A1 WO2005016816 A1 WO 2005016816A1 JP 2004011946 W JP2004011946 W JP 2004011946W WO 2005016816 A1 WO2005016816 A1 WO 2005016816A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- fuel
- catalyst
- fluid
- hydrogen gas
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000011712 cell development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 methanol Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/121—Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0875—Gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0855—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electromagnetic heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel reforming apparatus and a fuel reforming method for extracting hydrogen gas from a fuel containing hydrogen, and more particularly to a fuel reforming apparatus for extracting hydrogen gas from methanol and supplying it to a fuel cell. And fuel reforming methods.
- a fuel cell is a power generation element that generates power by electrochemically reacting fuel with oxygen (oxidant gas).
- Fuel cells have attracted attention in recent years as power generation elements that do not pollute the environment because the product generated by power generation is water.For example, they are used as a drive power source for driving automobiles and as a home cogeneration system. Attempts have been made to do so.
- fuel as a driving power supply for portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, and PDAs (Persona 1 Digit 1 Assistant). Battery development is also being actively pursued. In such a fuel cell, it is important to be able to stably output the required power and to be portable in size and weight, and various technologies have been actively developed to respond to such demands. ing.
- Fuel cells are categorized into various types depending on the difference in electrolyte, etc.Power Typical one is a fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte as the electrolyte. Have been. Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells are promising for the above applications, for example, because they can be reduced in cost, are easily reduced in size and weight, and have a high output density in terms of battery performance. . In addition, a stack cell type fuel cell has been proposed in which a plurality of power generation cells and separators are alternately stacked.
- the fuel used for the power generation reaction is one that directly supplies hydrogen gas.
- the direct methanol method in which an aqueous methanol solution is directly supplied to the solid polymer electrolyte, the reforming of a fuel containing hydrogen, such as methanol, produces hydrogen.
- a fuel reforming method for extracting gas has been proposed (see, for example, JP-A-2003-146666).
- Fuel supply by the fuel reforming method has the advantage that it is easier to store and handle the fuel because hydrogen required for the power generation reaction can be extracted when needed, as compared with the case of supplying hydrogen gas directly. There is.
- hydrogen gas is used for the power generation reaction, so that a high electromotive force can be obtained, and the adverse effects of methanol on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane can be prevented. is there.
- Known methods for reforming fuel gas containing hydrogen include a steam reforming reaction in which fuel gas reacts with steam under heating conditions, a partial oxidation reaction in which combustion is carried out by an oxidant, and a direct reaction in which oxygen reacts directly. ing.
- the reforming reaction proposed in the past requires a heat source to activate the catalyst in the reformer, which causes heat loss due to the transfer of heat through the partition wall, and is necessary for the reforming reaction.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel reforming apparatus and a fuel reforming method capable of controlling activation of a catalyst using a simple configuration and extracting hydrogen from fuel gas. Disclosure of the invention
- a fuel reforming apparatus of the present invention is a fuel reforming apparatus for extracting hydrogen gas from a fuel fluid containing hydrogen, wherein the catalyst is formed with a catalyst section through which the fuel fluid flows. A flow path; and a local irradiation unit that locally irradiates light to the catalyst flow path.
- the catalyst part in the light-irradiated area is activated, and hydrogen gas is extracted from the fuel fluid in contact with the catalyst part.
- the region irradiated with the light by the local irradiation means is local, only the region irradiated with the light and the periphery thereof are activated in the catalyst portion formed in the catalyst flow path.
- the loss of heat diffusion to the catalyst can be reduced, and the energy required for activating the catalyst can be reduced.
- heat diffusion loss to the outside is reduced, the amount of heat transferred to the device adjacent to the fuel reformer is reduced, and hydrogen gas is removed from the fuel fluid without providing a heat insulating wall in the fuel reformer. Can be started. Since there is no need to provide heat insulating walls, it is possible to reduce the size of the fuel reformer and to improve the degree of freedom in design. Responsiveness is improved because the hydrogen gas can be taken out quickly even when the fuel system is started.
- the local irradiation means included in the fuel reforming apparatus of the present invention may be a laser light emitting device that irradiates a laser beam, or may be an ultraviolet light emitting device that irradiates ultraviolet light.
- Local irradiation means catalyzes laser light By irradiating the flow path locally, the catalyst part is heated in the area irradiated with the laser beam, and the catalyst is locally activated to extract hydrogen gas from the fuel fluid. it can.
- the local irradiation means irradiates the catalyst flow path with ultraviolet light locally, so that hydrogen gas can be extracted from the fuel fluid in the region where the ultraviolet light has been irradiated. Energy efficiency is improved. By extracting hydrogen gas by laser light or ultraviolet light irradiation, local light irradiation can be realized using existing small light emitting devices. Can be planned.
- a laser light emitting device for irradiating laser light and an ultraviolet light emitting device for irradiating ultraviolet light may be provided.
- the efficiency of extracting hydrogen gas from the fuel fluid is improved by using both the activation of the catalyst by heating with laser light irradiation and the direct decomposition of the fuel fluid by ultraviolet light irradiation.
- the local irradiation means has irradiation changing means for changing the light irradiation area
- the catalyst if the catalyst partially deteriorates and the hydrogen gas extraction efficiency deteriorates, the light irradiation area is changed to the catalyst. It can be moved by moving it in the channel. Further, since the area to be irradiated with light can be widened, the area for activating the catalyst can be enlarged to improve the efficiency of extracting hydrogen gas.
- the output of the light irradiating the catalyst flow path can be changed, and the catalyst can be illuminated intermittently by irradiating the light.
- the degree of activation can be adjusted. Since the control of light irradiation is easier than the activation of the catalyst by heat conduction using a heat source, it is easy to adjust the amount of hydrogen gas extracted from the fuel fluid.
- a fuel reforming method for extracting hydrogen gas from a fuel fluid containing hydrogen comprising: And irradiating the catalyst flow path locally with light, and extracting hydrogen gas from the fuel fluid in contact with the catalyst section in the area of the catalyst flow path irradiated with light.
- the catalyst portion in the region irradiated with the light is activated, and hydrogen gas can be extracted from the fuel fluid in contact with the catalyst portion. Since the area irradiated with light is local, only the area of the catalyst irradiated in the catalyst flow channel that is activated and the vicinity of the area irradiated with light are activated. The diffusion loss of the catalyst can be reduced, and the energy required for activating the catalyst can be reduced. In addition, since the diffusion loss of heat to the outside is reduced, the amount of heat transferred to the outside is reduced, and hydrogen gas can be extracted from the fuel fluid without providing a heat insulating wall.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the fuel reformer according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the fuel reformer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the fuel reformer according to the third embodiment.
- methanol is used as a fuel fluid.
- hydrogen gas can also be extracted by using a fuel fluid containing hydrogen, such as lower alcohol-methane or naphtha, in addition to methanol.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a configuration example of a fuel reforming apparatus according to the present invention and illustrating a configuration thereof.
- a catalyst section 12 for promoting a reaction to decompose the fuel fluid is formed in a tubular fluid pipe 11 through which the fuel fluid, methanol, flows.
- the light irradiation means 14 irradiates light to the fluid pipe 11 on which the catalyst holding material 13 is formed and the catalyst portion 12 is formed.
- the area irradiated with the light by the light irradiating means 14 is defined as an irradiation area 15, and the output control means 17 is connected to the light irradiating means 14 to control the output of the light irradiated by the light irradiating means 14.
- a hydrogen recovery section 16 is formed downstream of the catalyst section 12 of the fluid pipe 11 with respect to the flow of the fuel fluid, and the hydrogen gas separated from the methanol in the catalyst section 12 is converted to the fuel fluid. It is structured to be taken out and collected.
- the fluid pipe 11 is a tubular member formed of a material having corrosion resistance to methanol as a fuel fluid, and functions as a catalyst flow path through which methanol flows inside the pipe.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a cylindrical fluid pipe 11; however, the shape can be changed as appropriate, and a meandering groove can be formed in a u-shaped or flat member to provide a fuel flow path. Good.
- methanol flows in from the outside of the fluid line 11, and methanol flows out.
- a configuration in which the fluid pipe 11 has an annular structure and methanol is circulated inside the fluid pipe 11 may be used.
- the light irradiating means irradiates the catalyst section 12 directly with light, it is necessary to use a material that transmits light at least in the area where the catalyst section 12 is formed in the fluid pipe 11. .
- the catalyst section 12 is formed inside the fluid pipe 11 and comes into contact with methanol, is activated by the application of energy from the outside, is activated, promotes the decomposition reaction of methanol, and converts hydrogen contained in methanol into hydrogen gas.
- the material forming the catalyst section 12 may be any material that promotes the decomposition reaction of the fuel fluid, but when methanol is used as the fuel fluid, for example, a copper-zinc catalyst Cu / Z is used as the catalyst section 12. A material obtained by adding aluminum A1 and chromium Cr to nO, a lead-zinc-based catalyst Pd / ZnO, or the like can be used.
- the catalyst section 12 may be formed on the inner wall surface of the fluid pipe 11, but the catalyst section 12 may be roughened to increase the contact area with the fuel fluid.
- the catalyst may be stacked and the fuel fluid may flow between the particles of the catalyst.
- the catalyst holding material 13 is a member formed at both ends of the region where the catalyst portion 12 is formed, and prevents the catalyst portion 12 from diffusing into the fluid pipe 11, It is necessary to have a function of passing a fuel fluid or a decomposed gas flowing inside the pipe 11.
- Examples of the material constituting the catalyst holding material 13 include a fibrous material such as glass wool and a porous material.
- the catalyst holding material 13 is filled by filling glass wool or the like into the fluid piping 11. Is formed. In addition, it must be formed of a material that has corrosion resistance to methanol as a fuel fluid.
- the light irradiation unit 14 is a device that locally irradiates light to the fluid pipe 11 and functions as a local irradiation unit. Fluid piping 1 Irradiated with light When the area is the irradiation area 15, the density of the energy transmitted by light can be increased by reducing the area of the irradiation area 15, and the catalyst section 12 can be activated efficiently. Therefore, in order to reduce the diameter of the light to be irradiated, it is preferable that the light irradiation means 14 be constituted by a laser light emitting device or the like.
- the wavelength of the light to be irradiated is not particularly limited, but is preferably light capable of efficiently transmitting energy to the fluid pipe 11 and the catalyst section 12. The light to be irradiated does not need to be visible light, and ultraviolet light having shorter wavelength and higher energy may be used.
- a laser light emitting device When a laser light emitting device is used as the light irradiating means 14, a laser light emitting device conventionally used for recording information on an optical recording medium can be used. In these techniques, it is known that the recording material can be heated to about 900 K, which is the melting point, by irradiation with laser light.
- the catalyst unit In the fuel reformer of the present invention, for example, when methanol is used as the fuel fluid and a Cu / ZnO-based catalyst is used as the catalyst unit 12, the catalyst unit is required to promote the decomposition reaction.
- the catalyst can be activated by setting 12 to a temperature range of 500 to 600K. Therefore, it is considered that the catalyst section 12 can be heated to the activation temperature by diverting the laser light emitting device used for the optical recording medium as the light irradiation means 14 of the present invention. .
- the irradiation area 15 is an area where the light irradiation means 14 irradiates the fluid piping 11 with light, and the energy is transmitted by the light, so that the catalyst section 12 is activated to obtain a fuel fluid.
- the decomposition reaction of methanol is accelerated.
- Activation of the catalyst section 12 in the irradiation area 15 is performed by irradiating the fluid pipe 11 with laser light to locally heat the irradiation area 15.
- the light irradiated by the light irradiation means 14 is an ultraviolet laser, It is considered that hydrogen gas can be generated by directly decomposing methanol in 15.
- the hydrogen recovery section 16 is a member formed downstream of the catalyst section 12 of the fluid pipe 11 for separating and extracting hydrogen gas generated by a methanol decomposition reaction from methanol.
- the hydrogen recovery section 16 is, for example, configured as a branch pipe formed above the fluid pipe 11 as shown in FIG. It extracts hydrogen gas.
- the hydrogen gas recovered by the hydrogen recovery unit 16 is supplied to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell and used for the power generation reaction.
- the output control means 17 is a device that supplies power required for light emission to the light irradiation means 14 and controls the output of the light irradiation means 14.
- various kinds of control such as pulsed light emission that emits light intermittently, output change in continuous light emission, and adjustment of light emission time can be performed.
- the light irradiation means 14 locally irradiates the laser beam to the fluid pipe 11, so that the catalyst section 12 is activated in the irradiation area 15, and the fluid pipe 11 is activated. 11 Methanol flowing in 1 is decomposed to generate hydrogen gas. The generated hydrogen gas is taken out of the hydrogen recovery unit 16 and used for the power generation reaction of the fuel cell. Since the output of the light irradiated from the light irradiation means 14 is controlled by the output control means 17, it is possible to control the temperature reached in the irradiation area 15 and the activation of the catalyst section 12. In addition, since the control of light irradiation is easier than the activation of the catalyst by heat conduction using a heat source, the activation of the catalyst by light irradiation makes it easier to adjust the amount of hydrogen gas extracted from the fuel fluid. .
- the catalyst section 12 of the irradiation area 15 irradiated with light is activated, Hydrogen gas can be extracted from the fuel fluid in contact with the catalyst section 12. Since the area irradiated with light by the light irradiation means 14 is local, only the area irradiated with light and its surroundings are activated in the catalyst section 12 formed in the fluid piping 11. As a result, the heat loss to the outside can be reduced, and the energy required for activating the catalyst can be reduced.
- the diffusion loss of heat to the outside is reduced, the amount of heat transmitted to the device adjacent to the fuel reformer is reduced, and hydrogen gas is extracted from the fuel fluid without providing a heat insulating wall in the fuel reformer. It becomes possible. Since there is no need to provide heat insulation walls, it is possible to reduce the size of the fuel reformer and improve the design flexibility. Also, by activating the catalyst by light irradiation, the temperature can be raised instantaneously, so that even when the fuel reformer is started, hydrogen gas can be taken out quickly and responsiveness is improved. improves.
- the fuel reformer of the present invention since the portion for reforming the fuel fluid is small and generates little heat, the fuel reformer can be arranged close to the power generation unit of the fuel cell device. It is also possible to reduce the size of the device.
- hydrogen gas can be taken out from the tubular fluid pipe, the degree of freedom in design can be improved, such as by disposing a fuel reformer in a space that has not been used effectively inside electronic equipment. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the fuel reforming apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the same components as those in the above-described first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the fuel reformer 20 is a tubular fluid through which the fuel fluid methanol flows.
- a catalyst part 12 for promoting a reaction to decompose fuel fluid is formed in the pipe 11, and a catalyst holding material 13 is formed at both ends of the catalyst part 12, and a fluid in which the catalyst part 12 is formed.
- the light is irradiated from the light irradiation means 14 to the pipe 11.
- the area where the light irradiating means 14 irradiates the light is referred to as an irradiation area 15, and the irradiation changing means 21 is connected to the light irradiating means 14.
- the irradiation area 15 to be irradiated is changed.
- a hydrogen recovery section 16 is formed downstream of the catalyst section 12 of the fluid pipe 11 with respect to the flow of the fuel fluid, and hydrogen gas separated from methanol in the catalyst section 12 is separated from the fuel fluid. It is designed to be taken out and collected.
- an output control means 17 is connected to the light irradiation means 14 to control the output of light emitted by the light irradiation means 14. Is also good.
- the irradiation changing means 21 is connected to the light irradiation means 14, and by changing the relative positional relationship between the light irradiation means 14 and the fluid pipe 11, the irradiation area 15 in the fluid pipe 11 is changed. It is a device that changes the position.
- a linear motor, a belt-driven motor, or the like can be used as the irradiation changing means 21, and a laser light emitting device used for recording information on an optical recording medium is used as the light irradiating means 14, the drive system of the pickup portion of the optical recording device can be diverted. .
- the irradiation changing means 21 needs only to be able to change the position of the irradiation area 15 on the fluid pipe 11, so that the light irradiation means 14 is fixed, and the irradiation is performed from the light irradiation means 14. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the path of the reflected light is changed by an optical member such as a reflecting mirror.
- the irradiation changing means 21 changes the position of the light irradiation means 14 and changes from 14a to 14b in the figure. Let it.
- the light irradiation means 14 moves, the light irradiation means 14
- the relative positional relationship with the body pipe 11 changes, and accordingly, the position where light is irradiated on the fluid pipe 11 also changes from the irradiation area 15a to 15b.
- the catalyst part 12 partially deteriorates and the hydrogen gas extraction efficiency deteriorates.
- the irradiation area 15 can be moved on the fluid pipe 11 to continue the decomposition reaction of methanol. Also, when the catalyst section 12 is activated by heating by light irradiation, after the temperature of the irradiation area 15 rises to a certain temperature, the position of the irradiation area 15 is changed to a different position. Can accelerate the decomposition reaction. As a result, the area for irradiating light can be substantially widened, and the conduction of heat to other members can be minimized.Therefore, the area for activating the catalyst without providing a heat insulating wall is increased. It is also possible to improve the efficiency of extracting hydrogen gas.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the fuel reformer according to the third embodiment. Also in this embodiment, the same components as those in the above-described first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the fuel reformer 30 has a catalyst section 12 for promoting a reaction for decomposing the fuel fluid formed in a tubular fluid pipe 11 through which methanol as a fuel fluid flows, and catalysts are provided at both ends of the catalyst section 12.
- the holding member 13 is formed, and light is irradiated from the light irradiation means 14 and the light irradiation means 24 to the fluid pipe 11 on which the catalyst portion 12 is formed.
- the area where the light irradiating means 14 and 24 irradiate light is referred to as an irradiation area 15.
- the light irradiating means 14 and 24 are connected to output control means 17 and 27, respectively. Output of light radiated by means 14 and 24 It is configured to control each force.
- the output control means 17 and 27 are connected to the light irradiation means 14 and 24, respectively.
- the output of the light irradiation means 14 and 24 may be controlled by the output control means 17 alone. .
- a hydrogen recovery section 16 is formed downstream of the catalyst section 12 of the fluid pipe 11 with respect to the flow of the fuel fluid, and hydrogen gas separated from methanol in the catalyst section 12 is supplied to the fuel fluid. It is structured to be taken out and collected.
- the irradiation changing means 21 is connected to the light irradiation means 14 and 24, and the positions of the light irradiation means 14 and 24 are changed.
- the irradiation area 15 to be irradiated with light may be changed.
- the light irradiation means 14 and the light irradiation means 24 provided in the fuel reforming apparatus 30 are formed by a fluid pipe.
- the light irradiating means 14 is a laser light emitting device that emits a visible light laser
- the light irradiating means 24 is a laser light emitting device that emits an ultraviolet light laser.
- the ultraviolet light emitted from the light irradiating means 24 needs to be directly applied to the fuel fluid, not to the fluid pipe 11, so that the fluid pipe 11 is provided with a lighting window for transmitting light.
- a reaction is generated that directly decomposes the fuel fluid methanol to generate hydrogen gas.
- the light irradiated from the light irradiation means 14 heats the catalyst section 12 in the irradiation area 15 of the fluid pipe 11 and activates the catalyst section 12 to accelerate the methanol decomposition reaction. I do.
- the catalyst part is activated by heating with laser light irradiation, and the fuel fluid is directly decomposed by ultraviolet light irradiation.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/568,658 US20060242905A1 (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2004-08-13 | Fuel reformer and fuel reforming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-294356 | 2003-08-18 | ||
JP2003294356A JP4362695B2 (ja) | 2003-08-18 | 2003-08-18 | 燃料改質装置および燃料改質方法 |
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WO2005016816A1 true WO2005016816A1 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
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PCT/JP2004/011946 WO2005016816A1 (ja) | 2003-08-18 | 2004-08-13 | 燃料改質装置および燃料改質方法 |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20060242905A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4362695B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005016816A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP2006248847A (ja) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-21 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料改質器および燃料改質装置 |
JP4872120B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-15 | 2012-02-08 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質装置 |
JP4333929B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-09-16 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 水素の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP5101560B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-15 | 2012-12-19 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 水素の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP6579338B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-09-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関用燃料の改質装置 |
Citations (6)
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JPS6260471B2 (ja) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-12-16 | Kogyo Gijutsuin | |
JPH02252601A (ja) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽熱利用化石燃料改質装置 |
JPH07189661A (ja) * | 1993-12-04 | 1995-07-28 | Degussa Ag | 固体触媒の加熱を促進させる方法 |
JP2000051709A (ja) * | 1999-08-03 | 2000-02-22 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 新規な光反応用触媒及びそれを使用する光触媒反応方法 |
JP2000340247A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-08 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、この燃料電池システムでの一酸化炭素ガスの変成方法および混合ガス中における一酸化炭素ガスの変成方法 |
JP2002255501A (ja) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-11 | Laser Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho | 水素・電気エネルギ発生システム |
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US2768206A (en) * | 1952-09-17 | 1956-10-23 | Stamicarbon | Preparation of oximes |
JP3742873B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2006-02-08 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光触媒およびこれを用いた水素の製造方法ならびに有害物質の分解方法 |
US20050226808A1 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-13 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Laser photo-catalytic process for the production of hydrogen |
-
2003
- 2003-08-18 JP JP2003294356A patent/JP4362695B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-08-13 WO PCT/JP2004/011946 patent/WO2005016816A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-08-13 US US10/568,658 patent/US20060242905A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6260471B2 (ja) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-12-16 | Kogyo Gijutsuin | |
JPH02252601A (ja) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽熱利用化石燃料改質装置 |
JPH07189661A (ja) * | 1993-12-04 | 1995-07-28 | Degussa Ag | 固体触媒の加熱を促進させる方法 |
JP2000340247A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-08 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、この燃料電池システムでの一酸化炭素ガスの変成方法および混合ガス中における一酸化炭素ガスの変成方法 |
JP2000051709A (ja) * | 1999-08-03 | 2000-02-22 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 新規な光反応用触媒及びそれを使用する光触媒反応方法 |
JP2002255501A (ja) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-11 | Laser Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho | 水素・電気エネルギ発生システム |
Also Published As
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US20060242905A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
JP4362695B2 (ja) | 2009-11-11 |
JP2005060183A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
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