WO2005015293A1 - 光制御装置 - Google Patents
光制御装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005015293A1 WO2005015293A1 PCT/JP2004/011381 JP2004011381W WO2005015293A1 WO 2005015293 A1 WO2005015293 A1 WO 2005015293A1 JP 2004011381 W JP2004011381 W JP 2004011381W WO 2005015293 A1 WO2005015293 A1 WO 2005015293A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- control device
- light
- light control
- electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
- G11C13/042—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam using information stored in the form of interference pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/055—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect the active material being a ceramic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/124—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode interdigital
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/12—Function characteristic spatial light modulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
- G09G2300/0857—Static memory circuit, e.g. flip-flop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/346—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on modulation of the reflection angle, e.g. micromirrors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light control device.
- Patent Document 1 a digital information recording system using the principle of a hologram.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hologram recording device.
- the hologram recording apparatus 100 includes a laser light source 102, a beam splitter 104, a beam expander 106, a spatial light modulator SLM108, a hologram pattern writing unit 110, a Fourier transform lens 112, a recording medium 114, a mirror 116, And a rotating mirror 118.
- a transmissive display device is used as the spatial light modulator SLM108.
- a laser beam emitted from a laser light source 102 is split into two beams by a beam splitter 104.
- One of the lights is expanded in beam diameter by the beam expander 106, and is irradiated to the spatial light modulator SLM108 as parallel light.
- the hologram pattern writing means 110 transmits the hologram pattern to the spatial light modulator SLM 108 as an electric signal.
- Spatial light modulator SLM108 forms a hologram pattern on a plane based on the received electric signal.
- the light applied to the spatial light modulator SLM108 is light-modulated when transmitted through the spatial light modulator SLM108, and becomes signal light including a hologram pattern.
- This signal light passes through the Fourier transform lens 112, is subjected to Fourier transform, and is condensed in the recording medium 114.
- the other light split by the beam splitter 104 is guided into a recording medium 114 via a mirror 116 and a rotating mirror 118 as reference light.
- the signal light including the hologram pattern and the optical path of the reference light intersect to form an optical interference pattern.
- the entire light interference pattern is recorded on the recording medium 114 as a change in the refractive index (refractive index grating).
- refractive index refractive index grating
- the rotating mirror 118 is rotated by a predetermined amount and the position is moved in parallel by a predetermined amount to change the incident angle of the reference light with respect to the recording medium 114, and the image of the second frame is changed. Record using the same procedure. By repeating such processing, angle multiplex recording is performed.
- a material of the spatial light modulator SLM of the hologram recording device for example, a material having an electro-optical effect such as PLZT can be used.
- PLZT is (Pb La) (Zr Ti) ⁇
- the electro-optic effect is a phenomenon in which when an electric field is applied to a substance, the substance is polarized and the refractive index changes.
- the phase of light can be switched by turning on and off the applied voltage. Therefore, it is possible to apply a light modulation material having an electro-optic effect to an optical shutter such as a spatial light modulator SLM.
- Balta's PLZT has been widely used (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 2 it is difficult for optical shutters using Balta PLZT to meet the demands for miniaturization and integration, as well as the demand for lower operating voltage and lower cost.
- the Balta method includes a step of mixing a metal oxide as a raw material and then treating it at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more. Will be added.
- Patent Document 3 describes a display device in which a PL ZT film is formed on a transparent substrate such as glass and a comb-shaped electrode is provided thereon.
- This display device has a configuration in which polarizing plates are provided on both surfaces of a display substrate on which a PLZT film is formed.
- a desired pixel is driven, and a desired display can be performed by light transmitted from a light source provided on one surface side of the display substrate. You can do it.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-297008
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-5-257103
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-7-146657 Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a light control device using a light modulation film formed on a substrate, wherein a drive circuit for the light modulation film is formed on the substrate. Even in such a case, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for sufficiently securing a display area.
- a solid substrate formed of a substrate, a reflective film provided on the substrate, and a material provided on the reflective film and having a refractive index that changes depending on the magnitude of an applied electric field.
- a light control device including a light modulation film and an electrode provided on the light modulation film.
- the reflection film between the substrate and the light modulation film, the light modulated in the light modulation film can be reflected by the reflection film and extracted.
- the substrate can be made of a material that is opaque to the light applied to the light modulation film.
- the reflection film can be a metal film such as Pt.
- the light control device can further include a polarizing plate provided on the light modulation film.
- the electrodes are used as electrode pairs.
- the reflection film can be made of a conductive material, and the reflection film and one electrode can be used as an electrode pair. In this case, an electric field is applied in the thickness direction of the light modulation film.
- the electrodes may include a plurality of electrode pairs arranged in a matrix.
- an image pattern composed of a plurality of pixels can be formed on the light modulation film.
- a solid material is used for the light modulation film, light can be turned on and off at high speed, and variation in luminance between pixels can be reduced.
- the light modulation film can be made of a material whose refractive index changes in proportion to the square of the applied electric field.
- the light control device of the present invention is characterized in that the light modulation film is made of PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti and La as constituent elements.
- the light modulating film is characterized by having a relative dielectric constant of 1200 or more at a frequency of 1 MHz.
- the light modulation film is made of polycrystalline PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti and La as constituent elements, and the La content in the film is 5 atomic% or more and 30 atomic% or more. It is characterized by the following.
- the light modulation film is made of polycrystalline PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti and La as constituent elements, and the content of La in the film is not less than 5 atomic% and not more than 30 atomic%.
- the relative dielectric constant at a frequency of 1 MHz is 1200 or more.
- the light modulating film of the present invention is made of polycrystalline PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti and La as constituent elements, and the La content in the film is not less than 5 atomic% and not more than 30 atomic%. It is characterized in that the average particle size of the grains constituting the crystal PLZT is 800 nm or more.
- the light modulation film of the present invention is composed of polycrystalline PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti and La as constituent elements, and the content of La in the film is 5 atomic% or more and 30 atomic% or less.
- the value of I (111) ZI (110) is 1 It is characterized by the above.
- the content of La in the film being 5 atomic% or more and 30 atomic% or less means that the ratio of the number of La atoms to the sum of the number of Zr and Ti atoms is 5% or more and 30% or less. It is equivalent to the following.
- PLZT is a ferroelectric, and its polarization change rate is proportional to the exponential function of the electric field. Therefore, the speed of turning on and off the light can be increased. In addition, the amount of increase in the electric field required for turning light on and off can be reduced. In addition, since the PLZT crystal has small anisotropy, the difference in switching speed between crystal grains is small. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the variation in speed at the time of switching.
- the polycrystalline PLZT of the present invention since the polycrystalline PLZT of the present invention has a high composition and La composition, it exhibits a stable and large secondary electro-optic effect, and exhibits excellent performance as a light modulation film.
- FIG. 15 is a phase diagram showing the relationship between the composition of polycrystalline PLZT and its film properties.
- the composition exhibiting the secondary electro-optic effect is relatively high in La content. Therefore, the present inventor tried to form a PLZT film by a sol-gel method using a raw material having a high lanthanum composition, but the relative permittivity of the obtained film was low and the value of the Kerr constant was small.
- the cause is not necessarily clear, it is inferred that the cause is the presence of lanthanum in the polycrystalline PLZT.
- lanthanum segregates at the grain boundaries of the polycrystalline PLZT and is not taken into the grains. It is considered that the relative permittivity became lower as a result. If PZT and La oxide are separated to form separate domains, the relative permittivity of the film is expected to be close to the area average of the relative permittivity of each material. Where the run The relative permittivity of the tan oxide film is about 30, which is much smaller than the relative permittivity of PZT (1000 or more). For this reason, when such a configuration is employed, the relative dielectric constant of the entire film is greatly reduced.
- the present inventors further studied a method for producing a film having a high composition and containing lanthanum and having a high relative dielectric constant.
- a film with a high relative dielectric constant can be obtained by setting the conditions in the manufacturing process using the Zonoregel method. Specifically, for example, by increasing the cooling rate in the cooling process after the grain growth by heat treatment, it has become possible to suppress a decrease in the relative dielectric constant due to the precipitation of lanthanum.
- the production of a high-dielectric-constant film stably exhibiting an excellent secondary electro-optic effect can be realized.
- the light modulating film has a high lanthanum composition with a La content of 5 at% to 30 at%, and a high dielectric constant at a frequency of 1 MHz of polycrystalline PLZT of 1200 or more.
- the relative dielectric constant is an index indicating whether or not lanthanum is incorporated into grains.
- Such a high dielectric constant is realized by taking a form in which a considerable amount of lanthanum is incorporated in the polycrystalline PLZT grains.
- this structure can be manufactured by increasing the cooling rate in the cooling process after the grain growth by heat treatment.
- This structure is suitably used as an element that stably exhibits an excellent secondary electro-optic effect.
- the light modulating film may be made of a material having a relative dielectric constant of 1200 or more at a frequency of 1 MHz other than the polycrystalline PLZT.
- the average particle diameter of the grains constituting the polycrystalline PLZT is 800 nm or more.
- the lanthanum is incorporated into the polycrystalline PLZT grains and the high secondary electro-optic effect is immediately exhibited stably.
- the grain size of the grains is large, the density of the grain boundaries is reduced, and scattering of incident light is suppressed. Therefore, when applied to a light control element utilizing the secondary electro-optic effect, an excellent element with high efficiency can be obtained.
- the third structure has an X-ray diffraction intensity of 1 (110) on the (110) plane of polycrystalline PLZT,
- the PLZT crystal grains are to be preferentially oriented in the (100) direction, the presence of (001) -oriented crystals in addition to the (100) -oriented crystals causes large light scattering.
- the crystal structure in the PLZT film according to the present invention is mainly cubic and tetragonal. Therefore, the secondary electro-optic effect can be stably exhibited by optimizing the arrangement of these crystal particles in the film.
- the crystallinity of the film can be improved by setting the half width of the diffraction peak on the (111) plane in X-ray diffraction to 5 degrees or less. For this reason, the electro-optic effect can be increased.
- a liquid containing Pb, ZTi and La is applied to one surface of a substrate, dried to form a film, and then the film is heated to crystallize. And then cooling at a rate greater than 1200 ° C./min.
- the light modulating film having the preferable characteristics as described above can be formed on a reflective film formed on a substrate such as silicon.
- the light control device of the present invention may further include an electrode switching element provided between the substrate and the reflection film. Further, the light control device of the present invention can further include an insulating film provided between the substrate and the reflective film, and the switching element can be formed on the insulating film. The light control device of the present invention can further include a storage element for storing data to be applied to an electrode pair provided between the substrate and the reflection film.
- the switching element can be, for example, a MOS transistor formed on a silicon substrate.
- the storage element can be, for example, an SRAM formed on a silicon substrate.
- the light control device of the present invention can further include a wiring provided between the substrate and the reflective film and connected to the electrode.
- the electrode pairs can be formed in a comb shape, and the electrode pairs can be alternately arranged so that the comb-teeth portions face each other.
- the interval between the electrodes can be narrowed. Therefore, even if the voltage applied between the electrodes is reduced, the refractive index of the light modulation film can be accurately controlled. Can be done. In this case, an electric field is applied in a direction substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the light modulation film.
- a sufficient display area can be ensured even when a drive circuit for the light modulation film is formed on the substrate. Can be.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a light control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing shapes of a first electrode and a second electrode.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the light control device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a hologram recording device.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing an optical operation device.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a diagram showing a calculation formula for obtaining an output vector by a logical operation of an input vector and a plurality of pixel levels (operation line IJ).
- FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view showing a configuration of a light control device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the light control device shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which luminance data is written in the light control device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the light control device in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing the relationship between the refractive index and the Kerr constant of the PLZT film of the example.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing the relationship between the relative dielectric constant and the Kerr constant of the PLZT film of the example.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the relationship between the X-ray diffraction peak intensity ratio and the Kerr constant of the PLZT film of the example.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing the relationship between the half width of the X-ray diffraction peak and the Kerr constant of the PLZT film of the example.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hologram recording device.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a phase state of PLZT.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another example of the light control device shown in FIG. 1.
- the light control device described in the present embodiment includes a spatial light modulator SLM, a display device, an optical communication switch, an optical communication modulator, an optical operation device, in a hologram recording / reproducing device. And encryption circuits.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a light control device 8 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the light control device 8 includes a substrate 32, an insulating film 38 provided on the substrate 32, and an insulating film A reflection film 44 provided on the reflection film 44; a light modulation film 46 provided on the reflection film 44; a first electrode 48 and a second electrode 49 disposed on the light modulation film 46; A protective film 50 formed so as to cover the electrode 48 and the second electrode 49; Further, a polarizing plate 52 is disposed on the protective film 50.
- the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 are arranged on the light modulation film 46, but the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 are formed on the reflection film 44.
- the light modulation film 46 may be formed thereon.
- the light modulation film 46 in the present embodiment is made of a material whose refractive index changes depending on the magnitude of an applied electric field.
- a solid film is preferably used.
- Such films include, for example, PLZT, LiNbO, GaAs—MQW, SBN ((Sr, Ba)
- Nb ⁇ Nb ⁇
- PLZT PLZT is preferably used.
- the substrate 32 is provided with an element isolation region 34, a drain (or source) 35, and a source (or drain) 36.
- a single crystal silicon substrate can be used as the substrate 32.
- a gate 37 is provided on the insulating film 38, thereby forming the first transistor 14.
- Insulating film 38 is made of, for example, a silicon oxide film.
- the insulating film 38 is provided with a plug 40 connected to the source 36 and a wiring 42.
- the wiring 42 is made of, for example, aluminum.
- the plug 40 is made of, for example, tungsten.
- the reflection film 44 (having a film thickness of about 100 nm) can be composed of, for example, Pt.
- the light modulation film 46 can be formed, for example, so as to have a thickness of about 1.2 ⁇ .
- the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 (each having a thickness of about 150 nm) can be made of, for example, Pt, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), IrO, or the like.
- the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 are preferably made of a transparent material such as ITO. Also, when Ir ⁇ is used for the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49, the film thickness is small (for example, about 50%).
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing the shapes of the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49.
- the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 are each formed in a comb shape, and are arranged such that the comb teeth are sandwiched between the comb teeth of the other electrode.
- each pixel includes a pair of comb-shaped first and second electrodes 48 and 49, respectively.
- the interval between the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 can be, for example, 0.5-1.5 xm.
- the width of the comb teeth of the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 can be, for example, 0.5-1.5 zm.
- the first electrode 48 is grounded, and the second electrode 49 is applied with luminance data.
- the refractive index of the light modulation film 46 changes according to the voltage applied to the second electrode 49.
- the irradiated light passes through the polarizing plate 52 and enters the light modulation film 46 via the protective film 50.
- the light incident on the light modulation film 46 is refracted at different angles according to the refractive index of the light modulation film 46 in that region.
- the light that has entered the light modulation film 46 is reflected by the reflection film 44, passes through the light modulation film 46, and exits from the polarizing plate 52 via the protective film 50. At this time, the transmittance of the light emitted from the polarizing plate 52 differs depending on the refractive index of the light modulation film 46, and the luminance data of each frame can be displayed on the polarizing plate 52.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the light control device 8 shown in FIG.
- the light control device 8 includes a plurality of pixels 10 arranged two-dimensionally, and a control unit 60 that controls writing of luminance data to the pixels 10 and the like.
- the light control device 8 can include a data control circuit that controls the plurality of bit lines BL, a selection control circuit that controls the plurality of common lines WL, and the like. 60 controls these control circuits.
- Each of the pixels 10 includes a first transistor 14 and an optical element 20.
- the optical element 20 includes the light modulation film 46, the first electrode 48, and the second electrode 49 shown in FIG.
- the optical element 20 is the current frame of the optical element 20. It also functions as a first storage element 18 for holding the luminance data of the first pixel.
- the drain or source is connected to the bit line BL1, and the gate is connected to the word line WL2.
- the source (or drain) is connected to one electrode of the optical element 20 (the second electrode 49 in FIG. 1).
- the other electrode of the optical element 20 (the first electrode 48 in FIG. 1) is grounded.
- the control unit 60 sequentially selects the word line WL1 and the bit line BL1, the word line WL1 and the bit line BL2 ′, and selects the first transistor 14 of the pixel 10 in the first row. Turn on, and write the luminance data into the first storage element 18.
- the control unit 60 sequentially selects the word line WL2 and the bit line BL1, the word line WL2 and the bit line BL2. Then, the luminance data is written to the first storage element 18 of the pixel 10 in the second row.
- the control unit 60 writes the luminance data into all the pixels 10 of the light control device 8.
- the control unit 60 selects the word line WL1 and the bit line BL1 again and starts writing the luminance data of the next frame.
- the optical element 20 emits light according to the luminance data.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a hologram recording device when the light control device 8 according to the present embodiment is used as a spatial light modulator SLM.
- the hologram recording device 70 includes a laser light source 72, a beam expander 74, a Fourier transform lens 76, and a recording medium 78.
- the control unit 60 controls formation of a hologram pattern of the spatial light modulator SLM.
- hologram recording apparatus 70 laser light emitted from laser light source 72 is split into two lights by a beam splitter (not shown). One of these lights is used as reference light and is guided into the recording medium 78. The other beam is expanded in beam diameter by the beam expander 74, and is irradiated as parallel light to the spatial light modulator SLM (light control device 8). At this time, a hologram pattern is formed in the light control device 8 according to the potential difference between the first electrode 48 and the second electrode 49 of each pixel, and the light applied to the spatial light modulator SLM is The signal light including the hologram pattern is reflected from the spatial light modulator SLM.
- This signal light passes through the Fourier transform lens 76, is subjected to Fourier transform, and is collected in the recording medium 78.
- the signal light including the hologram pattern and the optical path of the reference light intersect to form an optical interference pattern.
- the entire light interference pattern is recorded on the recording medium 78 as a change in the refractive index (refractive index grating).
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating an example in which the light control device 8 according to the present embodiment is applied to an optical operation device.
- the display screen of the light control device 8 displays a matrix of pixel vectors.
- a logical operation of the input vector and a plurality of pixel solid lines can be performed in parallel, and is detected by the detector as an output vector.
- FIG. 5 (b) the logical operation of the input vector (input X—X) and the plurality of pixel vectors (operation matrix) is performed in parallel.
- an output vector can be obtained by one operation, so that high-speed operation can be realized.
- the light control device 8 in the present embodiment may have the configuration shown in FIG.
- the configuration differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 1 in that the reflection film 44 is made of a conductive material and used as the second electrode 49.
- the reflection film 44 is formed separately for each pixel.
- the first electrode 48 can be composed of a transparent electrode such as ITO or IrO, and has a light modulating film 46.
- the light control device 8 may have a configuration including the polarizing plate 52, similarly to the configuration shown in FIG. As a result, the phase modulation of light can be visually extracted. It should be noted that the light control device 8 shown in FIG. 1 can also be configured not to include the polarizing plate 52.
- the light control device 8 in the present embodiment can be used as a reflection type display device, the first transistor 14 and the like are formed on the surface on the opposite side of the display screen. Also, the display screen can be widely used.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the light control device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 the same components as those of the light control device 8 in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a plurality of transistors and a plurality of storage elements are provided in each pixel.
- the light control device 8 includes a substrate 32, an insulating film 38, a reflective film 44, a light modulation film 46, a first electrode 48 and a second electrode 49, , And a protective film 50. Further, a polarizing plate 52 is disposed on the protective film 50.
- the second storage element 16 which is an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is formed on the substrate 32 and the insulating film 38.
- the second storage element 16 is provided to be connected to the first transistor 14.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the light control device 8 shown in FIG.
- the pixel 10 includes a first transistor 14, a second transistor 12, a second storage element 16, and an optical element 20, respectively.
- the optical element 20 also functions as the first storage element 18 that holds the luminance data of the current frame of the optical element 20.
- the second storage element 16 stores the luminance data of the next frame of the optical element 20.
- the first transistor 14 functions as a switch element that transfers the luminance data held by the second storage element 16 to the first storage element 18 and changes the luminance value of the optical element 20.
- the drain (source) is connected to the bit line BL1, and the gate is connected to the word line WL2.
- the source (or drain) is connected to the second storage element 16.
- the drain (or source) is connected to the second storage element 16, and the gate is connected to the switching line FL.
- the source electrode and the drain are connected to one electrode of the optical element 20 (the second electrode 49 in FIG. 5).
- the other electrode of the optical element 20 (the first electrode 48 in FIG. 5) is grounded.
- the control unit 60 controls the word lines WL1 and WL1.
- Second storage element 1 of pixel 10 in the first row When the writing to 6 is completed, the control unit 60 sequentially selects the word line WL2 and the bit line BL1, and the word line WL2 and the bit line BL2 ′, and sequentially selects the second transistor 12 of the pixel 10 in the second row.
- the luminance data of the frame is written. In this way, while the luminance data of the current frame is simultaneously displayed on all the pixels 10 of the light control device 8, the control unit 60 transmits the luminance data of the next frame to each pixel 10 in the background. Is written.
- the control unit 60 applies a predetermined voltage to the switching line FL.
- the first transistors 14 of all the pixels 10 are turned on at substantially the same time, and the luminance data of the next frame held in the second storage element 16 is transferred to the corresponding optical elements 20, and all the pixels 10 are turned on.
- the ten optical elements 20 emit light according to the luminance data of the next frame.
- control unit 60 After that, the control unit 60 performs the same processing, and writes the luminance data of the next frame in the second storage element 16 of each pixel 10 to check.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which luminance data is written in light control device 8 in the present embodiment.
- the display screen displays the luminance data of the current frame.
- the luminance data of the next frame is written in the second storage element 16 (see FIG. 7) of each pixel in the background.
- the luminance data of the current frame is displayed on all the pixels.
- the control unit 60 applies a predetermined voltage to the switching line FL to display the luminance data of the next frame on the display screen. Switch the display screen so that After that, the control unit 60 starts writing the luminance data of the next frame again in the background.
- the display screen is in a state where the luminance data of the same frame is displayed. Therefore, when the light control device 8 in the present embodiment is used as the spatial light modulator SLM of the hologram recording device 70 as shown in FIG. 4, the luminance data of the next frame is applied to all the pixels in the background. During the writing, the light control device 8 displays the luminance data of the current frame. Therefore, the writing of the luminance data and the recording of the hologram pattern on the recording medium 78 can be performed simultaneously, and the recording of the hologram pattern on the recording medium 78 can be performed efficiently. Further, the switching time between the frames is only the physical time required for the control unit 60 (FIG. 7) to apply a predetermined voltage to the switching line FL and turn on the first transistor 14, and The time can be very short, and the recording of the hologram pattern on the recording medium 78 can be greatly reduced.
- the luminance data of the next frame is executed in the background while performing the optical operation. Since the data can be written, the logical operation can be performed at higher speed.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the light control device 8 in the present embodiment.
- the light control device 8 can further include an SRAM as the first storage element 18. As described above, by using SRAMs as the second storage element 16 and the first storage element 18, the transfer at the time of transferring the luminance data held in the second storage element 16 to the first storage element 18 is performed. The remainder can be reduced, and luminance data can be transferred with high accuracy.
- the light modulating film 46 in the present embodiment preferably has the following performance.
- a PLZT film shown below is preferably used as a material satisfying the above performance.
- the La composition means the ratio of the number of La atoms to the sum of the number of Zr and Ti atoms, unless otherwise specified.
- the first PLZT film a film formed on a reflective film (Pt film) formed on a silicon substrate by using a sol-gel method may be mentioned.
- the manufacturing method will be described.
- a silicon oxide film is formed on a silicon substrate, and a Pt film is formed thereon.
- Pt A mixed solution containing metal alkoxides of Pb, La, Zr, and Ti is spin-coated on the film surface.
- a metal alkoxide as a starting material for example, Pb (CH COO)
- La (O-i-C H), Zr (0-t-C H), Ti ( ⁇ i_C H) and the like can be used. Also, La (O-i-C H), Zr (0-t-C H), Ti ( ⁇ i_C H) and the like can be used. Also, Li (O-i-C H), Zr (0-t-C H), Ti ( ⁇ i_C H) and the like can be used. Also, Li (O-i-C H), Zr (0-t-C H), Ti ( ⁇ i_C H) and the like can be used. Also,
- the atomic composition in the mixed solution is set so that the secondary electro-optic effect can be obtained in the phase diagram of FIG.
- Pb: La: Zr: Ti 105: 9: 65: 35.
- the thickness of the mixed solution is, for example, about 100 nm-5 ⁇ m.
- drying is performed at a predetermined temperature, and then preliminary firing is performed in a dry air atmosphere.
- the drying temperature is, for example, 100 ° C or more and 250 ° C or less. Here, the temperature is 200 ° C.
- the calcination can be performed at 300 ° C. or higher, preferably 400 ° C. or higher. By doing so, organic matter, moisture, and residual carbon can be reliably removed.
- the calcination time is, for example, about one minute to one hour. Until calcination, application and drying of the solution may be repeatedly performed until a predetermined film thickness is obtained.
- the heat treatment temperature is, for example, 600 ° C or more and 750 ° C or less. By doing so, PLZT can be surely crystallized. Further, the heat treatment temperature is preferably set to 700 ° C. or higher. By doing so, the average grain size of the crystals can be increased. Therefore, the specific surface area of the grains can be reduced, and the precipitation of La can be suppressed.
- the heat treatment time can be, for example, 10 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less, and is preferably 1 minute or more. By doing so, it is possible to increase the power.
- the crystallized PLZT film is rapidly cooled. Normally, this cooling process is performed at a speed of about 400 ° C / min-1000 ° C / min. In this case, it is difficult to introduce a high concentration of lanthanum into the PLZT grains. Specifically, when the ratio of the number of La atoms to the sum of the number of Zr and Ti atoms in the raw material composition is, for example, 7% or more, it is impossible to introduce lanthanum into the grains at the same concentration as the raw material composition. Extremely difficult. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cooling rate is increased in the cooling process after the heat treatment. The cooling rate can be, for example, greater than 1200 ° C./min, for example 1800 ° C./min.
- a structure in which a PLZT thin film is formed on a silicon substrate is obtained.
- This The PLZT thin film has a high lanthanum composition with a La content of 5 at% to 30 at%.
- the relative dielectric constant of the PLZT obtained by the above procedure at a frequency of 1 MHz was measured and found to be 1200. Judging from this value, it is considered that in the PLZT obtained in the present embodiment, a sufficient amount of lanthanum is incorporated in the grains.
- the second PLZT film is formed by forming a seed layer on a Pt film formed on a silicon substrate and then spin-coating a metal alkoxide layer.
- a seed layer By forming a seed layer, a PLZT film that is uniform and has good crystallinity can be obtained. Also, a PLZT film having a large grain size can be obtained stably.
- the liquid mixture for forming the seed layer is a liquid containing seed particles, about 0.1 to 10% by weight of a surfactant, and an organic solvent. This mixed solution is applied on a silicon substrate by spin coating or the like to form a seed layer. By forming such a seed layer, crystallization proceeds favorably with seed particles as nuclei, so that it is possible to obtain a PLZT film that is uniform and has good crystallinity.
- Ti ultrafine powder can be used as the seed particles.
- the ultrafine Ti powder preferably has a particle size of about 0.5 nm to 200 nm, more preferably about 1 nm to 50 nm.
- a certain number of atoms are necessary for the ultrafine powder to become a nucleus, and it is desirable that a single atom does not become a nucleus and has a size sufficiently larger than an atom of about 0.1 nm.
- the nucleus is too large, the center of the nucleus will remain as Ti. Therefore, a high anneal temperature is required in order not to leave Ti. If it exceeds 200 nm, it is difficult to form a flat and uniform PLZT film. Also, when the nucleus is large, it is difficult to disperse in the solvent.
- the concentration of the seed particles is desirably about 0.0001wt% (0.1wtppm) to about 1wt%.
- the periphery of the Ti ultrafine powder is coated with a surfactant in the mixed solution.
- terpioneol is preferably used.
- xylene, toluene, 2-methoxyethanol, butanol and the like can be used.
- the seed layer it is preferable to apply a mixed solution, and then dry and bake. Drying can be performed, for example, at about 200 to 400 ° C. for about 110 minutes. like this By doing so, the solvent can be removed. The firing may be performed at a temperature at which the seed layer is crystallized. Heat at about 450-750 ° C for about 110 minutes
- La composition 5 atomic% or more and 30 atomic% or less
- PLZT grain average particle size 800nm or more
- X-ray diffraction characteristics of PLZT 1 (111) 71 (110) is 1 or more
- the film having such properties has a large Kerr constant and is excellent in the secondary electro-optic effect, and thus can be suitably used as the light modulation film 46 in the first and second embodiments of the present invention.
- a Pt film was formed on a silicon substrate by a sputtering method, and a PLZT film was formed on the Pt film by a sol-gel method.
- the thickness of the Pt film was about 150 nm.
- the mixed solution was applied on the Pt film by spin coating, heated at 150 ° C for 30 minutes as a pre-beta, and then heated at 450 ° C for 60 minutes as calcination. After repeating this series of steps four times, final firing was performed for 1 minute in an oxygen atmosphere at 700 ° C. After the main firing, the PLZT film was cooled at the respective cooling rates shown in Table 1 to obtain a PLZT film.
- the refractive index of the sample was calculated from the absorbance at 633 nm light.
- the relative permittivity of the sample was measured in an AC electric field of 1 MHz.
- the average grain size of the crystals in the film was determined by SEM (scanning electron microscope) observation.
- the X-ray diffraction measurement conditions were ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan, and the X-ray wavelength was CuK: 1.5418A.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the physical properties of each sample.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the refractive index n of the sample and the constant force R.
- Fig. 11 shows the relationship between the relative permittivity ⁇ of the sample and the Kerr constant R.
- FIG. 12 shows that the secondary electro-optic effect can be improved by increasing the orientation of the film as a whole in the (111) plane direction. It is presumed that this is because, by increasing the orientation in the (111) plane direction, it is possible to reduce the deviation of the orientation between crystal grains.
- FIG. 13 also shows that the secondary electro-optical effect can be improved by reducing the peak half width of the (111) plane. This is considered to be because the crystallinity of the entire film is improved by reducing the peak half width.
- the light control device of the present invention is applied to a spatial light modulator SLM, a display device, an optical communication switch, an optical communication modulator, an optical operation device, an encryption circuit, and the like in a hologram recording / reproducing device.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- a display device an optical communication switch, an optical communication modulator, an optical operation device, an encryption circuit, and the like
- an encryption circuit and the like in a hologram recording / reproducing device.
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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JP2005512980A JPWO2005015293A1 (ja) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-06 | 光制御装置 |
EP04771380A EP1659439A4 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2004-08-06 | OPTICAL DEVICE FOR REGULATION |
US11/346,936 US7292382B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2006-02-03 | Light control unit |
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JP2003-289406 | 2003-08-07 | ||
JP2003289406 | 2003-08-07 | ||
JP2003-332543 | 2003-09-24 | ||
JP2003332543 | 2003-09-24 |
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US11/346,936 Continuation US7292382B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2006-02-03 | Light control unit |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2006293018A (ja) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-26 | Rohm Co Ltd | 光変調装置および光変調システム |
JP2007147934A (ja) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Rohm Co Ltd | 光制御装置およびそれを用いた光制御システム |
JP2012123407A (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2012-06-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置及び電子機器 |
Families Citing this family (4)
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US8659510B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2014-02-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Spatial light modulator |
US8974856B2 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2015-03-10 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Method for fabrication of ceramic dielectric films on copper foils |
JP6676843B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-04-08 | サンテック株式会社 | 光制御システム |
US10269311B2 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-04-23 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Control system for an electrowetting display device with memory controller |
Citations (1)
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JP2001337303A (ja) * | 2000-05-25 | 2001-12-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光シャッタとそれを用いた表示装置 |
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JPS61240222A (ja) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光シヤツタ |
JPH02204716A (ja) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-14 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | 光シャッターアレイ用plzt焼結体および該焼結体を用いた透過光強度のバラツキ防止方法 |
JPH0418767A (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-22 | Nec Corp | 空間光変調装置 |
JPH05257103A (ja) | 1992-03-11 | 1993-10-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 強誘電体薄膜及びその作製方法 |
JP3160447B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-26 | 2001-04-25 | ローム株式会社 | フラットパネル型表示装置の製法 |
JPH11133380A (ja) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-21 | Sony Corp | 液晶素子の駆動方法、並びに光変調素子及びその駆動方法 |
JP2000258741A (ja) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-22 | Yamaha Corp | 収差補正素子およびこれを用いた光ピックアップ |
JP2002297008A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-09 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | ホログラム記録媒体、ホログラム記録再生方法及びホログラム記録再生装置 |
US6819463B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2004-11-16 | Corporation For National Research Initiatives | Electro-optic phase-only spatial light modulator |
WO2005015292A1 (ja) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-17 | Rohm Co., Ltd | 光変調膜を備える構造体およびそれを用いた光制御素子 |
KR100687681B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-18 | 2007-03-02 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 표시 소자 및 표시 장치, 표시 소자의 구동 방법, 및프로그램 |
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- 2004-08-06 WO PCT/JP2004/011381 patent/WO2005015293A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-08-06 JP JP2005512980A patent/JPWO2005015293A1/ja active Pending
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Cited By (3)
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JP2006293018A (ja) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-26 | Rohm Co Ltd | 光変調装置および光変調システム |
JP2007147934A (ja) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Rohm Co Ltd | 光制御装置およびそれを用いた光制御システム |
JP2012123407A (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2012-06-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置及び電子機器 |
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JPWO2005015293A1 (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
EP1659439A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1659439A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
JP2008276261A (ja) | 2008-11-13 |
US20060126360A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
US7292382B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
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