WO2005015132A1 - アブソリュートエンコーダ - Google Patents
アブソリュートエンコーダ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005015132A1 WO2005015132A1 PCT/JP2004/011155 JP2004011155W WO2005015132A1 WO 2005015132 A1 WO2005015132 A1 WO 2005015132A1 JP 2004011155 W JP2004011155 W JP 2004011155W WO 2005015132 A1 WO2005015132 A1 WO 2005015132A1
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- light
- opening
- rotating plate
- signal processing
- sensitive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34776—Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales
- G01D5/34784—Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales with only analogue scales or both analogue and incremental scales
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34776—Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an absolute encoder for measuring an absolute value of a rotation angle of an object to be measured.
- rotary encoders have been used for measuring angles of machine tools, FA equipment, control ends (steering) of automobiles, and the like.
- an incremental method and an absolute method are widely known as an angle detection method of an optical rotary encoder, in particular.
- Absolute type rotary encoders (hereinafter referred to as absolute encoders) generally have the advantages of high accuracy and no accumulation of errors.
- an absolute encoder In an absolute encoder, generally, a rotating plate provided with a light transmitting portion such as a slit in a predetermined pattern is attached to a rotating shaft. Then, a light source and a photodetector are installed with the rotating plate in between, and the light supplied from the light source and passing through the light transmitting portion of the rotating plate is detected by the photodetector, thereby obtaining the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft. Is measured.
- Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 are known.
- a rotary plate is provided with a slit made of a spiral pattern, and the light passing through the spiral slit is detected by a one-dimensional image sensor to determine the rotation angle. Measuring.
- Patent Document 1 JP-T-2000-514199
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-39727
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide an absolute encoder that can accurately measure the absolute value of the rotation angle of a rotating shaft with a simple configuration. .
- an absolute encoder is mounted on (1) a rotating shaft and (2) a rotating shaft, and is provided with respect to a first opening and a first opening. (3) a rotating plate having a second opening formed in a predetermined positional relationship, and (3) a light-sensitive region in which a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged, so as to face one surface of the rotating plate.
- a light detection device that is provided and is capable of obtaining a light intensity profile in each of a first direction and a second direction in a two-dimensional array; and (4) a first opening and a second opening of a rotating plate.
- it comprises an angle calculating means for calculating the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotation shaft by the correlation position.
- the absolute value of the rotation angle is measured using two openings formed in the rotating plate.
- the relative positions of these two openings are fixed with respect to the rotating plate, but the absolute positions and positional relationships change with the rotation of the rotating shaft and the rotating plate.
- Such a change in the absolute positional relationship of the opening of the rotating plate corresponds to the rotation angle of the rotating plate. Therefore, the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft and the rotating plate can be measured by optically detecting the change in the positional relationship between these two openings with the measuring light.
- a photodetector configured to function as a profile sensor in two directions in a two-dimensional array is used to detect measurement light that has passed through each of the two openings. I have. This makes it possible to detect the change in the positional relationship between the two openings in a suitable and accurate manner. And a rotating plate with two openings, and a two-dimensional photodetector By using the above, an absolute encoder capable of accurately measuring the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft with a simple configuration is realized.
- one pixel is configured by arranging a plurality of light-sensitive portions adjacent to each other in the same plane to output a current corresponding to the intensity of the incident light, Over a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction, one of the plurality of photosensitive portions constituting each pixel is electrically connected to each other, and a plurality of the photosensitive portions arranged in the second direction are electrically connected to each other. It is preferable to use a photodetector in which the other photosensitive parts of the plurality of photosensitive parts constituting each pixel are electrically connected to each other over the pixels.
- a light detection device In such a light detection device, light incident on one pixel is detected in each of a plurality of light-sensitive portions constituting the pixel. Then, since one of the photosensitive portions is electrically connected to a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction, the current output from the one photosensitive portion is sent in the first direction. Further, since the other photosensitive portions are electrically connected to each other over a plurality of pixels arranged in the second direction, the current output from the other photosensitive portion is sent in the second direction.
- a two-dimensional profile sensor capable of independently obtaining the light intensity profile in the first direction and the light intensity profile in the second direction is configured. As a result, the two-dimensional position of the measurement light passing through each of the two apertures can be detected at a high speed with a very simple configuration in which a plurality of light-sensitive portions are provided in one pixel.
- the encoder is provided corresponding to one of the light-sensitive sub-groups electrically connected between the plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction, A first signal processing circuit that performs predetermined signal processing on a current output from one of the photosensitive sections to output a voltage signal, and a second signal processing circuit that is electrically connected between a plurality of pixels arranged in a second direction.
- a second signal processing circuit that is provided in correspondence with the light-sensitive sub-group of (a) and performs predetermined signal processing on the current output from the other light-sensitive sub-group and outputs a voltage signal; It is preferable to calculate the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft based on the voltage signals output from the first signal processing circuit and the second signal processing circuit.
- the angle calculation means may refer to an angle calculation table indicating a correspondence relationship between the correlation between the first detection position and the second detection position and the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotation shaft. It may be characterized in that the absolute value of the rotation angle of the turning shaft is calculated. In this way, by preparing in advance a table (ROM table) in which the correlation between the two detection positions corresponding to the positional relationship between the two apertures of the rotating plate and the absolute value of the rotation angle is prepared, The rotation angle can be calculated quickly and accurately from the detection result of the measuring light in the device.
- the light supply means includes a first light source provided so as to face a light-sensitive region of the photodetector across the first opening of the rotating plate, and a light source across the second opening. It is preferable to have a second light source provided to face the photosensitive region of the detection device. Furthermore, in this case, if the first light source and the second light source supply the measurement light under different supply conditions, a first detection position in the photodetector corresponding to the first opening, The second detection position corresponding to the second opening can be easily identified.
- the light supply means may be constituted by one light source or a combination of a light source and a reflection optical system.
- the second opening of the rotating plate is formed at a predetermined position on a straight line extending from the rotation axis to the first opening. This makes it possible to suitably calculate the absolute value of the rotation angle based on the positional relationship between the two openings. However, depending on the arrangement of the two openings in the rotating plate, it is possible to use various other configurations.
- the rotating plate has a third opening formed in a predetermined positional relationship with the first opening and the second opening, and the angle calculation means includes a first detection position, a second detection position, and a second detection position.
- the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft may be calculated based on the correlation between the position and the third detection position where the measurement light passing through the third opening of the rotating plate is detected in the light-sensitive region of the photodetector. .
- the third opening of the rotating plate is preferably formed at a predetermined position except on a straight line connecting the first opening and the second opening.
- the light supply means is provided with the first light source provided so as to face the light-sensitive region of the light detection device with the first opening of the rotating plate interposed therebetween.
- a second light source provided to face the light-sensitive region of the light detection device with the second opening therebetween, and a light source provided to face the light-sensitive region of the light detection device with the third opening therebetween.
- a third light source provided to face the light-sensitive region of the light detection device with the third opening therebetween.
- the first, third, and third light sources supply the measurement light under different supply conditions, the first, third, and third detection positions can be easily identified.
- the light supply means may be constituted by a combination of a light source and a reflection optical system.
- the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotation shaft can be accurately measured with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an embodiment of an absolute encoder.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a profile sensor used in the encoder shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of an essential part showing an example of a light-sensitive region included in the profile sensor shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a signal processing unit including a first signal processing circuit and a second signal processing circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a signal processing unit and an angle calculation unit.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing an angle measuring method in the encoder shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between two detection positions in a profile sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing an angle calculation table corresponding to the positional relationship between the detection positions shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the positional relationship between two detection positions in the profile sensor.
- FIG. 11 is a table showing an angle calculation table corresponding to the positional relationship between the detection positions shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a configuration of a rotating plate used in another embodiment of the absolute encoder.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an embodiment of an absolute encoder according to the present invention.
- an absolute encoder 1 of the present embodiment includes a rotating shaft 2, a rotating plate 3, a light supply unit 4, and a profile sensor 5.
- the rotation shaft 2 is attached to an object whose rotation angle is to be detected, and is supported by a housing of the absolute encoder 1 (not shown).
- the rotating plate 3 is a disk-shaped member formed of, for example, metal or resin, and the center thereof is fixed to the rotating shaft 2.
- the rotating plate 3 has a first opening 31 and a second opening 32 having a predetermined positional relationship with the first opening 31. These two openings 31 and 32 are used for measuring the absolute values of the rotation angles of the rotating shaft 2 and the rotating plate 3 in the encoder 1 as described later. Further, in the present embodiment, these openings 31 and 32 are formed by extending a straight line in which the second opening 32 is directed from the rotation axis 2 to the first opening 31 as shown by a chain line in FIG. The rotary plate 3 is formed so as to be at a predetermined position.
- a profile sensor 5 is provided on the rotating plate 3 so as to face one surface (the lower surface 3a in FIG. 1).
- the profile sensor 5 has a light-sensitive region in which a plurality of pixels each outputting a current corresponding to the intensity of incident light are two-dimensionally arranged. This is a three-dimensional photodetector, and is arranged such that the center of the light-sensitive region is substantially on the center axis of the rotation axis 2.
- the light supply unit 4 is a light supply unit that supplies measurement light for angle measurement, and is disposed so as to face the light-sensitive region of the profile sensor 5 with the openings 31 and 32 of the rotating plate 3 interposed therebetween.
- the light supply unit 4 includes two light sources, a first light source 41 and a second light source 42.
- the first light source 41 is provided to face the profile sensor 5 with the first opening 31 of the rotating plate 3 interposed therebetween.
- the second light source 42 is provided to face the profile sensor 5 with the second opening 32 interposed therebetween.
- the light sources 41 and 42 for example, LEDs can be used.
- a signal processing unit 6 and an angle calculation unit 8 are provided for a detection signal output from the profile sensor 5 that has detected the measurement light.
- the signal processing unit 6 performs predetermined signal processing on a current output, which is a detection signal from each pixel of the profile sensor 5, to output a voltage signal.
- the voltage signal from the signal processing unit 6 is input to the angle calculation unit 8.
- the angle calculation unit 8 receives the first detection position Pl corresponding to the measurement light passing through the first opening 31 and the second detection position Pl according to the voltage signal from the signal processing unit 6 indicating the detection result of the measurement light in the profile sensor 5.
- the second detection position P2 corresponding to the measurement light passing through the opening 32 is obtained. Then, based on the correlation between the detected positions Pl and P2, the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 2 and the rotating plate 3 is calculated.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of the profile sensor 5.
- each of the meters M and N is an integer of 2 or more.
- parameter m is any integer between 1 and M
- parameter n is between 1 and N. Is an arbitrary integer.
- the profile sensor 5 in the encoder 1 of the present embodiment has a light-sensitive area 50, a first signal processing circuit 60, and a second signal processing circuit 70.
- the first signal processing circuit 60 and the second signal processing circuit 70 constitute the signal processing unit 6 of the encoder 1 shown in FIG.
- pixels 51 are two-dimensionally arranged in M rows and N columns. One pixel, it
- the light-sensitive part 52 (the first light-sensitive part) that outputs a current corresponding to the intensity of the light incident on each
- the minute 53 is arranged in the same plane in a two-dimensionally mixed state.
- one of the light-sensitive portions 52 (for example, one of the light-sensitive portions 52 — 5 mn mn mn 11
- the light-sensitive portions 53 of one another (for example, the other light-sensitive portion 53 — 53) are electrically
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of an essential part showing an example of a photosensitive region included in the profile sensor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. In FIG. 3, illustration of the protective layer 508 is omitted.
- the photosensitive region 50 includes a semiconductor substrate 500 made of a P-type (first conductivity type) semiconductor and an N-type (second conductivity type) semiconductor region 501 formed on the surface layer of the semiconductor substrate 500. 502 is included. As a result, the light-sensitive portions 52 and 53 are the same as the semiconductor substrate 500.
- the photodiode is configured to include the set of the second conductivity type semiconductor regions 501 and 502. As shown in FIG. 3, the semiconductor regions 501 and 502 are substantially triangular when viewed from the light incident direction. In one pixel, two areas 501 and 502 are formed in one pixel so that one side is adjacent to each other. Further, the semiconductor substrate 500 is set to the ground potential.
- the photosensitive region 50 may include a semiconductor substrate made of an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor region formed on a surface layer of the semiconductor substrate.
- the area 501 corresponding to the light-sensitive part 52 and the area 502 corresponding to the light-sensitive part 53 are represented by mn mn mn from FIG.
- the region 501 and the region 502 intersect in the first direction and the second direction (for example, intersect at 45 °) and alternately in the third direction and the fourth direction. They are arranged in a row.
- a first insulating layer 503 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 500 and the regions 501 and 502. Then, the first wiring 504 is electrically connected to the negative region 501 through a through hole formed in the first insulating layer 503. Further, the electrode 505 is electrically connected to the other region 502 via a through hole formed in the first insulating layer 503. Further, a second insulating layer 506 is formed on the first insulating layer 503. The second wiring 507 is electrically connected to the electrode 505 via a through hole formed in the second insulating layer 506. Thus, the other region 502 is electrically connected to the second wiring 507 via the electrode 505.
- a protective layer 508 is formed on the second insulating layer 506.
- the first insulating layer 503, the second insulating layer 506, and the protective layer 508 are made of SiO, SiN, or the like.
- the second wiring 507 are made of a metal such as A1.
- the first wiring 504 electrically connects one region 501 in each pixel 51 over the Y-axis direction.
- the pixels 51 are provided to extend between the pixels 51 in the Y-axis direction. This
- Ml MN mn 11 1 52 are electrically connected to each other and extend in the light-sensitive region 50 in the Y-axis direction.
- a sensitive part is configured.
- These light-sensitive portions extending in the Y-axis direction are formed in M rows along the X-axis direction. Therefore, the photosensitive parts in these M rows have a photosensitive part that extends long in the Y-axis direction. It functions as a one-dimensional profile sensor arranged along. By the current output from the profile sensor, a light intensity profile in the X-axis direction (second direction) in the two-dimensional array of the light-sensitive regions 50 is obtained. In addition, the current outputs from the light-sensitive sections in the M rows are input to the first signal processing circuit 60 as shown in FIG.
- the second wiring 507 electrically connects the other region 502 in each pixel 51 in the X-axis direction.
- the pixels 51 are provided to extend between the pixels 51 in the X-axis direction. This
- the other light-sensitive part 53 (for example, light-sensitive part 53)
- IN MN mn 11 1 53 is electrically connected and extends in the photosensitive region 50 in the X-axis direction.
- a sensitive part is configured.
- These light-sensitive portions extending in the X-axis direction are formed in N rows in parallel in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, these N rows of photosensitive parts function as a one-dimensional profile sensor in which photosensitive parts extending long in the X-axis direction are arranged along the Y-axis.
- a light intensity profile is obtained in the Y-axis direction (first direction) in the two-dimensional array of the photosensitive regions 50. Further, the current outputs from the light-sensitive sections in these N rows are input to the second signal processing circuit 70 as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the signal processing unit 6 including the first signal processing circuit 60 and the second signal processing circuit 70 (see FIG. 2).
- the first signal processing circuit 60 includes a plurality of pixels 51 to 51 arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the photo-sensitive sections of M rows extending in the direction of M n) are provided corresponding to the current output from these photo-sensitive sub-groups, and perform predetermined signal processing to output voltage signals.
- the first signal processing circuit 60 includes a shift register 61 and reads current output from each of the M rows of photosensitive units. It has a read-out circuit for reading out and an integration circuit 62 provided for the current output from the photosensitive section.
- the readout circuit in the first signal processing circuit 60 is provided for each of the wiring 6 la for electrically connecting the integration circuit 62 and the readout circuit, and for each of the M rows of photosensitive sections (photosensitive sections).
- the wiring 61b from the photosensitive section is provided with a switch 61c for switching the connection between the photosensitive section and the wiring 61a, respectively. Is controlled.
- the integration circuit 62 integrates the current output (charge) read from each of the M rows of light-sensitive sections and converts it into a voltage signal.
- the analog voltage signal output from the integration circuit 62 is input to an A / D converter 65 via a CDS circuit 63 and a buffer circuit 64, and is converted into a digital signal in the A / D converter 65.
- the output from the buffer circuit 64 is the first analog output A1 corresponding to the profile sensor including the M rows of light-sensitive sections
- the output from the A / D converter 65 is the first digital output D1.
- a 10-bit ADC can be used as the A / D converter 65.
- a timing control circuit 66 is provided for the first signal processing circuit 60 having such a configuration.
- the control circuit 66 transmits a RESET instruction signal for instructing the integration RESET operation to the integration circuit 62, and transmits a read instruction signal for instructing the timing and order of the charge read operation to the shift register 61. I do.
- the control circuit 66 also sends necessary instruction signals to the CDS circuit 63, the AZD converter 65 and the like.
- the second signal processing circuit 70 includes a plurality of pixels 51 51, 51 5 arranged in the X-axis direction.
- the second signal processing circuit 70 includes a shift register 71 and reads a current output from each of the N rows of photosensitive units. It has a read-out circuit for reading out and an integration circuit 72 provided for the current output from the photosensitive section.
- the readout circuit in the second signal processing circuit 70 is provided for each of the wiring 7la for electrically connecting the integration circuit 72 and the readout circuit, and each of the light-sensitive portions (light-sensitive portion groups) in N rows.
- the wiring 71b from the photosensitive section is provided with a switch 71c for switching the connection between the photosensitive section and the wiring 71a, respectively. Is controlled.
- the integration circuit 72 integrates the current output (charge) read from each of the N rows of photosensitive parts, and converts it into a voltage signal.
- the analog voltage signal output from the integration circuit 72 is input to the A / D converter 75 via the CDS circuit 73 and the buffer circuit 74, and is converted into a digital signal in the A / D converter 75.
- the output from the buffer circuit 74 is the second analog output A2 corresponding to the profile sensor composed of N rows of light-sensitive sections
- the output from the A / D converter 75 is the second digital output D2.
- the A / D converter 75 for example, a 10-bit ADC can be used.
- a timing control circuit 76 is provided for the second signal processing circuit 70 having such a configuration.
- the control circuit 76 transmits a RESET instruction signal for instructing the integration RESET operation to the integration circuit 72, and transmits a read instruction signal for instructing the timing and order of the charge read operation to the shift register 71. I do.
- the control circuit 76 also sends necessary instruction signals to the CDS circuit 73, the AZD converter 75 and the like.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing a configuration of signal processing unit 6 and angle calculation unit 8 in encoder 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an angle measuring method in the encoder 1 shown in FIG.
- the voltage signal output from the first signal processing circuit 60 of the signal processing unit 6 is input to the first peak position detection circuit 80 of the angle calculation unit 8.
- the first peak position detection circuit 80 is shown in FIG. As described above, two peaks (one peak if they overlap) are detected from the light intensity profile FX in the X-axis direction due to the voltage signal from the signal processing circuit 60. Then, X coordinates XI and X2 corresponding to the first detection position Pl and the second detection position P2 are specified from those peak positions, and stored in the XI coordinate memory 81 and the X2 coordinate memory 82, respectively. Further, in the first difference circuit 83, the X coordinate interval ⁇ is obtained from the difference between XI and X2.
- the voltage signal output from the second signal processing circuit 70 of the signal processing unit 6 is input to the second peak position detection circuit 90 of the angle calculation unit 8.
- the second peak position detection circuit 90 detects two peaks from the light intensity profile FY in the Y-axis direction due to the voltage signal from the signal processing circuit 70 (when the two peaks overlap each other). Is one peak).
- the Y coordinates Yl and ⁇ 2 corresponding to the first detection position Pl and the second detection position P2 are specified from those peak positions, and stored in the Y1 coordinate memory 91 and the ⁇ 2 coordinate memory 92, respectively.
- ⁇ coordinate interval ⁇ is obtained from the difference between Yl and ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- the coordinate intervals ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ obtained in the difference circuits 83 and 93 are input to the calculation unit 85, respectively.
- the X coordinate XI, ⁇ 2, ⁇ coordinate Yl, ⁇ 2 are also input to the arithmetic unit 85 as necessary.
- an angle indicating the correlation between the correlation between the first detection position Pl and the second detection position ⁇ 2 and the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ of the rotation shaft 2 is given to the calculation unit 85.
- a calculation table 84 is prepared in advance.
- the calculation unit 85 calculates the rotation angle ⁇ by referring to the information on the detection position of the measuring light such as the input coordinate intervals ⁇ and ⁇ and the information stored in the ROM table 84, and outputs the rotation angle ⁇ . I do.
- the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ is measured by using two openings 31 and 32 formed in the rotating plate 3 attached to the rotating shaft 2. I have. The relative positions of these openings 31 and 32 are fixed with respect to the rotating plate 3. The absolute positions and positional relationships change with the rotation of the rotating shaft 2 and the rotating plate 3. Such a change in the absolute positional relationship between the openings 31 and 32 of the rotating plate 3 corresponds to the rotation angle ⁇ of the rotating plate 3. Therefore, by optically detecting the change in the positional relationship between these two openings 31 and 32 with the measuring light supplied from the light supply unit 4, the rotation angle ⁇ of the rotating shaft 2 and the rotating plate 3 can be determined. Absolute values can be measured. Further, the measurement light passing through each of the apertures 31 and 32 is transmitted to the two-dimensional array of pixels 51 by mn
- the profile sensor 5 which is a photodetector configured to function as a profile sensor in each of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and thereby detecting positions Pl, P2 corresponding to the openings 31, 32. Has been acquired. As a result, the change in the positional relationship between the two openings 31 and 32 can be detected appropriately and accurately.
- the rotating plate 3 having the two openings 31 and 32 and the two-dimensional profile sensor 5 it is possible to accurately measure the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ of the rotating shaft 2. Absolute encoder 1 is realized.
- the encoder 1 having such a configuration is different from a configuration in which a rotation angle is measured using a spiral slit or the like (see Patent Document 1).
- the alignment is easy, and therefore, the configuration of the encoder and the manufacturing process thereof are simplified. Also, the manufacturing cost is reduced.
- the rotation angle ⁇ is calculated using the positional relationship between the openings 31 and 32 (the positional relationship between the detection positions Pl and P2) and a trigonometric function without depending on the rotation axis 2, the rotation angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ due to eccentricity or the like is calculated. The decrease in accuracy can be kept sufficiently small.
- Patent Literature 2 describes that such an angle measurement error is provided with a correction unit in consideration of the case where dust adheres.
- the correction means has problems such as an increase in hardware scale for the correction, an increase in calculation time for angle measurement, and an increase in cost.
- the absolute encoder 1 having the above configuration, even when dust adheres to the pixels of the profile sensor 5, the entire area where the light passing through the openings 31 and 32 enters the photosensitive region 50 is exposed. Unless the dust is covered with dust, the rotation angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ can be determined with sufficient accuracy.
- the profile sensor 5 having the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 is used as the light detection device.
- the light mn incident on one pixel 51 is mn mn mn mn in each of the plurality of light-sensitive portions 52 and 53 constituting the pixel 51.
- one of the light-sensitive portions 53 is electrically connected to each other over a plurality of pixels arranged in the axial direction. Connected and its current output is sent in the X-axis direction.
- a two-dimensional profile sensor 5 that can independently obtain a light intensity profile in the X-axis direction and a light intensity profile in the Y-axis direction is configured.
- a very simple structure in which a plurality of light-sensitive portions 52 and 53 are provided in one pixel 51 mn mn mn
- the two-dimensional positions Pl and P2 of the measurement light passing through each of the two apertures 31 and 32 can be detected at high speed. Further, by detecting the two-dimensional positions Pl and P2 of the measurement light at high speed in this manner, the real-time property of the measurement of the rotation angle ⁇ is improved.
- the first signal processing circuit 60 and the second signal processing circuit 70 as shown in FIG. 5 for the photosensitive region 50 of the profile sensor 5 having such a configuration, High-speed detection of the two-dimensional positions Pl and P2 can be reliably performed.
- a signal processing circuit may be provided on the same chip as the photosensitive region 50 to form the profile sensor 5 as a whole.
- the angle calculator 8 can be provided on the same chip or outside the chip.
- the openings 31 and 32 provided in the rotating plate 3 for example, circular slits penetrating the rotating plate 3 can be used.
- an aperture-shaped light transmitting portion formed of a material that transmits the measuring light supplied from the light supplying portion 4 can be used.
- Such a light-transmitting portion can be formed by using a plate-shaped member made of a material that transmits measurement light such as glass, and performing opaque printing on portions other than the openings.
- light sources 41 and 42 corresponding to the openings 31 and 32 are provided as the light supply unit 4 for supplying the measurement light to the openings 31 and 32 of the rotating plate 3.
- the first light source 41 for the opening 31 and the second light source 42 for the opening 32 may supply measurement light under different supply conditions.
- the first detection position P1 of the profile sensor 5 corresponding to the first opening 31 and the second detection position P2 corresponding to the second opening 32 can be easily identified.
- a method of supplying the measurement light for example, there is a method of changing the supply timing of the measurement light by the light sources 41 and 42, a method of changing the light intensity of the measurement light, and the like.
- the opening area of the openings 31 and 32 may be changed on the side of the rotating plate 3 on the side of the light supply unit 4.
- the measurement light may be supplied to the openings 31 and 32 under the same conditions. Even in such a case, there is a certain restriction on the positional relationship between the detection positions Pl and P2 in the profile sensor 5 due to the positional relationship between the openings 31 and 32 in the rotating plate 3. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between the first detection position P1 and the second detection position P2.
- a configuration in which one light source is provided for the openings 31 and 32 a configuration in which a light source and a reflective optical system are arranged in combination, and the like can be used.
- a reduced Z magnification optical system may be provided between the light supply unit 4 and the rotating plate 3 and between the rotating plate 3 and the profile sensor 5 as needed.
- the rotation angle ⁇ is calculated by the angle calculation unit 8 by using a trigonometric function such as coordinate interval ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ force, and the like to calculate the rotation angle ⁇ .
- ⁇ may be calculated.
- an angle calculation table 84 may be prepared, and the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ may be calculated with reference to the table 84.
- a ROM table is prepared in which the correlation between the two detection positions Pl and ⁇ 2 corresponding to the positional relationship between the two openings 31 and 32 of the rotating plate 3 is associated with the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ . By doing so, the rotation angle ⁇ can be calculated at high speed and with high accuracy from the detection result of the measurement light by the profile sensor 5.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between two detection positions in the profile sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing the angle calculation table corresponding to the positional relationship between the detection positions shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows an example in which one detection position is changed as a reference position S and the other detection position is changed as relative positions A, B, C, and D.
- the coordinate interval ⁇ in the X-axis direction, the coordinate interval ⁇ in the ⁇ -axis direction, and the rotation angle ⁇ can be obtained. If the correspondence table shown in FIG.
- the rotation angle ⁇ can be calculated at high speed and with high accuracy as described above.
- the number of data points may be prepared according to the arrangement of the openings in the rotating plate and the accuracy required for measuring the rotation angle.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the positional relationship between two detection positions in the profile sensor.
- FIG. 11 shows an angle calculation corresponding to the positional relationship between the detection positions shown in FIG. It is a table showing a table for use.
- four detections are set, with the first detection position on the inner side as A, B, C, and D, and the second detection position on the outer side with A, B, C, and D about the rotation axis.
- FIG. 11 An example of a set of output positions is shown. As shown in Fig. 11, based on the X and Y coordinates of each detection position, the coordinate interval ⁇ ⁇ in the X-axis direction, the coordinate interval ⁇ in the ⁇ -axis direction, and the rotation The angle ⁇ (see angle ⁇ shown in Figure 10) can be determined. In addition, if the correspondence table shown in FIG. 11 is prepared in advance as a ROM table, the rotation angle ⁇ can be calculated at high speed and with high accuracy as described above.
- the absolute encoder according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and the configuration examples described above, and various modifications are possible.
- the second opening 32 is directed from the rotating shaft 2 to the first opening 31 as shown in FIG. It is provided on the extension of the force and the straight line. This makes it possible to appropriately calculate the absolute value of the rotation angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ based on the positional relationship between the two openings 31 and 32.
- various other configurations may be used as long as the arrangement can measure the rotation angle ⁇ .
- the photodetecting device used for the encoder 1 is not limited to the profile sensor 5 described above, and various devices may be used.
- the regions 501 and 502 serving as the light-sensitive portions may be formed in a substantially rectangular triangular shape, a comb shape, or the like.
- the opening provided in the rotating plate 3 is provided with two openings 31 and 32.
- a configuration in which a third opening is provided may be used. You.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a configuration of a rotating plate used in another embodiment of the absolute encoder.
- the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 provided in the rotating plate 3 are, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. It is configured so that it is located on the extension of the straight line, which is directed toward the mouth 31.
- a predetermined positional relationship is formed between the two openings 31 and 32 and the third opening 33 with respect to the force openings 31 and 32.
- the angle calculation unit 8 see FIG.
- the third opening 33 of the rotating plate 3 is formed at a predetermined position except on a straight line connecting the first opening 31 and the second opening 32.
- the third opening 33 is a linear force connecting the first opening 31 and the third opening 33 to a straight line connecting the first opening 31 and the second opening 32. They are arranged so that they intersect at an angle other than 0.
- a linear force connecting the first opening 31 and the third opening 33 intersects at 60 ° with a straight line connecting the first opening 31 and the second opening 32, and the three openings 31— 33 are arranged so as to form an equilateral triangle.
- the measurement accuracy of the absolute value of the rotation angle can be improved by measuring the rotation angle using the three openings 31 to 33 formed in the rotating plate 3. In this case, if necessary, four or more openings may be provided in the rotating plate 3.
- the third opening 33 is arranged at a position deviating from a straight line connecting the first opening 31 and the second opening 32.
- the third detection position with respect to the opening 33 located at a position deviating from the straight line connecting 31 and 32 cannot overlap at the same time. Therefore, even in the case described above, the absolute value of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 2 and the rotating plate 3 can be accurately calculated based on the correlation between the detection positions of the openings 31 to 33.
- the light supply unit 4 sandwiches the third opening 33 in addition to the first light source 41 and the second light source 42 described above. It is preferable to have a third light source provided so as to face the photosensitive region of the profile sensor 5. Furthermore, in this case, if the first, third, and third light sources supply the measurement light under different supply conditions, the detection position corresponding to the opening 3133 can be easily identified.
- the light supply unit 4 may have a configuration other than the above.
- the present invention can be used as an absolute encoder that can accurately measure the absolute value of the rotation angle of a rotating shaft with a simple configuration.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005512935A JP4425220B2 (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-04 | アブソリュートエンコーダ |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-287996 | 2003-08-06 | ||
| JP2003287996 | 2003-08-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005015132A1 true WO2005015132A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=34131498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/011155 Ceased WO2005015132A1 (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-04 | アブソリュートエンコーダ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7145131B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4425220B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005015132A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004264332A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-09-24 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 多重画像形成位置ずれ検出装置、画像濃度検出装置及び多重画像形成装置 |
| DE202005001887U1 (de) * | 2005-02-07 | 2005-06-09 | Trw Automotive Safety Systems Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines absoluten Drehwinkels |
| CN100582677C (zh) * | 2005-12-16 | 2010-01-20 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 旋转定位装置 |
| US7381942B2 (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2008-06-03 | Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip Pte Ltd | Two-dimensional optical encoder with multiple code wheels |
| US7525085B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2009-04-28 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Multi-axis optical encoders |
| EP1890113A1 (de) | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-20 | Leica Geosystems AG | Optoelektronischer winkelsensor und verfahren zum bestimmen eines drehwinkels um eine achse |
| CN101952690B (zh) * | 2008-02-22 | 2013-02-27 | 特里伯耶拿有限公司 | 角度测量设备和方法 |
| US8077301B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-12-13 | Bi Technologies Corporation | Rotation and differential angle optical sensor with integral bearing races |
| US8077302B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-12-13 | Bi Technologies Corporation | Rotation and differential angle optical sensor which does not require keyed installation |
| US8218134B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-07-10 | Bi Technologies Corporation | Rotation and differential angle optical sensor with non-transition pattern sampling |
| US8077303B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-12-13 | Bi Technologies Corporation | Rotation and differential angle optical sensor with short optical sensing array |
| CN104567745A (zh) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-29 | 佛山轻子精密测控技术有限公司 | 一种基于光感原理的旋转编码器及其测量方法 |
| US20250109970A1 (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2025-04-03 | Apple Inc. | Optical sensors having an absence of guard structures between adjacent photodiodes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57118642A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1982-07-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Position detecting system |
| JPS61129528A (ja) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光学式回転検出装置 |
| JP2001194187A (ja) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-07-19 | Renishaw Plc | 測定スケールおよび測定システム |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57119215A (en) * | 1981-01-17 | 1982-07-24 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Optical rotary encoder |
| EP0111642B1 (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1993-07-28 | Shimadzu Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring a displacement of one member relative to another |
| US4720631A (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1988-01-19 | The Laitram Corporation | Electro-optical compass card wherein transmissive member has random patterns that repeat for particular rotational positions |
| US5965879A (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1999-10-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Method and apparatus for ultra-high-sensitivity, incremental and absolute optical encoding |
| DE59805985D1 (de) | 1997-06-28 | 2002-11-21 | Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum bestimmen der absoluten winkelstellung des lenkrades eines kraftfahrzeuges sowie optoelektronischer lenkwinkelsensor |
| JP2002039727A (ja) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-06 | Asahi Precision Co Ltd | アブソリュートエンコーダを備えた測角装置 |
| WO2004059346A2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-15 | Microe Systems Corp. | Rotary position sensor with offset beam generating element and elliptical detector array |
-
2004
- 2004-08-04 WO PCT/JP2004/011155 patent/WO2005015132A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-08-04 JP JP2005512935A patent/JP4425220B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-05 US US10/911,471 patent/US7145131B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57118642A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1982-07-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Position detecting system |
| JPS61129528A (ja) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光学式回転検出装置 |
| JP2001194187A (ja) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-07-19 | Renishaw Plc | 測定スケールおよび測定システム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7145131B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
| JPWO2005015132A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
| US20050072912A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
| JP4425220B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 |
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