WO2005005594A1 - 核酸増幅装置及び核酸増幅方法 - Google Patents
核酸増幅装置及び核酸増幅方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005005594A1 WO2005005594A1 PCT/JP2004/009942 JP2004009942W WO2005005594A1 WO 2005005594 A1 WO2005005594 A1 WO 2005005594A1 JP 2004009942 W JP2004009942 W JP 2004009942W WO 2005005594 A1 WO2005005594 A1 WO 2005005594A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
- B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
- B01L7/525—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples with physical movement of samples between temperature zones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/087—Multiple sequential chambers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
- B01L2300/1822—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using Peltier elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
- B01L2300/1827—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using resistive heater
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
- B01L2300/1861—Means for temperature control using radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
- B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid amplifying apparatus and a nucleic acid amplifying method using a PCR method, and more particularly, has at least one flow path therein, and at least a nucleic acid serving as a template and a nucleic acid serving as a primer in the flow path
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid amplification apparatus and a nucleic acid amplification method for introducing a reaction solution containing a nucleic acid and a phosphate compound and a metal ion, and amplifying the nucleic acid by a nucleic acid synthetase immobilized in the channel.
- the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method is widely used for efficient replication and amplification of a very small amount of template DNA.
- a double-stranded DNA serving as a template is thermally transformed into single-stranded DNA, a step of annealing primers each complementary to the obtained single-stranded template DNA, a DNA having heat resistance
- the process of synthesizing double-stranded DNA by synthesizing a complementary strand from primers by the action of a polymerase is defined as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated several times to amplify the target DNA.
- Each of the above steps is performed by controlling the temperature of the reaction solution and the reaction time.
- heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA serving as a template to single-stranded DNA is performed at about 94 ° C.
- Annealing of the primer to the single-stranded DNA is performed at about 55 ° C, and synthesis of the complementary strand by the DNA polymerase is performed at about 72 ° C.
- a reaction solution containing template DNA, primers, dNTPs, DNA polymerase, and the like is placed in an eppendorf-type tube, and the tube is inserted into a well provided in an aluminum block.
- An apparatus which performs a reaction by changing the temperature of the aluminum block using a heater and a cooler.
- Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 1 below disclose a flow PCR method.
- a PCR is performed by sending a reaction solution containing DNA polymerase, ⁇ -type DNA, primer DNA, dNTPs, etc., to a flow path provided with a heating section and a cooling section, thereby performing PCR. Is the way.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence, comprising: (a) at least one kind of primer which is substantially complementary to a nucleic acid of type ⁇ , which is substantially complementary to a base sequence of the nucleic acid; And a DNA polymerase to synthesize a primer-extended strand complementary to the type III; wherein the primer is a chimeric oligonucleotide primer containing deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, The nucleotide is located at the 3 ′ end or 3 ′ end of the primer for cleavage by endonuclease; (b) the ribonucleotide-containing site of the primer extension strand of the double-stranded nucleic acid obtained in step (a) is endonucleated.
- a method for amplifying a nucleic acid sequence comprising: extending a nucleic acid sequence complementary to type I with a DNA polymerase having the following to perform strand displacement. According to this method (ICAN method), DNA can be amplified without performing thermal cycling, so that an enzyme having no heat resistance can be used, and there is no restriction on the reaction scale due to thermal fluctuation.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-30776
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2003-70490
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Science” (1998) No. 280, Vol. 5366, pp. 1046-1048 (by Kopp MU, Mello AJ, Manz A.)
- nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme such as a DNA polymerase
- a reaction product since a nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme such as a DNA polymerase is mixed in a reaction product, it is not only time-consuming to purify the amplified DNA, but also a costly nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme can be re-used. Use was almost impossible.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously and efficiently performing PCR using not only a heat-stable nucleic acid synthase but also a heat-stable nucleic acid synthase. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nucleic acid amplification apparatus and a nucleic acid amplification method which can be used continuously, can be used easily, can easily separate and purify the amplified nucleic acid, and can be scaled up. Means for solving the problem
- the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention has at least one flow path therein, and the flow path has at least a nucleic acid serving as a template, a nucleic acid serving as a primer, and a phosphorylated compound.
- nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention at least one nucleic acid serving as a template, a nucleic acid serving as a primer, a phosphate compound, and a metal ion are provided in at least one flow path having the denatured region and the regenerated region.
- a nucleic acid synthesis reaction is performed by introducing a reaction solution containing the nucleic acid, the nucleic acid synthetase immobilized in the regeneration region is affected by heating or the like when the template nucleic acid is melted and denatured into a single strand.
- nucleic acid synthetase includes both natural and non-natural nucleic acids.
- the nucleic acid amplification device of the present invention preferably includes a temperature control means capable of heating the denatured region and maintaining the regeneration region at a temperature lower than the temperature of the denatured region.
- a temperature control means capable of heating the denatured region and maintaining the regeneration region at a temperature lower than the temperature of the denatured region.
- a series of PCR cycles comprising the steps of causing the primer chain to perform complementary strand synthesis by acting can be continuously and efficiently performed.
- the nucleic acid synthase is immobilized on beads, and the beads are filled at least in the regeneration region. According to this embodiment, the immobilized nucleic acid synthetase and the reaction solution can be efficiently contacted, so that the reaction efficiency can be increased.
- the nucleic acid synthase may be fixed on at least the inner wall surface of the regeneration region.
- the flow path on which the nucleic acid synthase is immobilized can be easily formed.
- the nucleic acid synthase may be immobilized on the entire surface of the flow path to form the entire flow path.
- the enzyme in the regeneration region is maintained in an active state, a desired flow path can be easily formed.
- the denatured regions and the regenerated regions are provided alternately in the flow channel. According to this embodiment, since the PCR cycle can be performed a plurality of times, the target nucleic acid can be efficiently amplified.
- nucleic acid synthase having an optimum temperature of 30 to 40 ° C can be used.
- the range of use of nucleic acid synthases can be expanded, and relatively inexpensive enzymes that could not be used in conventional PCR can be selected.
- an enzyme other than other general nucleic acid synthases can be used in combination. Therefore, it is possible to correct mismatches in enzymes that have been difficult to use together during PCR, such as synthesized nucleic acids.
- the reliability of amplification can be improved as compared with conventional PCR by using a combination of enzymes and the like.
- the channel may have a circulation channel, and the circulation channel may have the regeneration region and the denaturation region.
- the circulation channel is a channel for circulating the reaction solution and alternately passing through the denaturation region and the regeneration region in the circulation channel.
- the template nucleic acid, the primer nucleic acid, the phosphate compound, and the like can be repeatedly sent to the denaturation region and the regeneration region while circulating in the predetermined region.
- the reaction solution can be positively reused, so that the running cost can be reduced.
- the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention has a liquid sending device for controlling the direction of the flow of the reaction solution, and the liquid sending device is controlled so as to periodically reverse the direction of the flow of the reaction solution. It is preferred that the According to this embodiment, it is possible to use various liquid supply devices capable of supplying liquid within a limited volume, to simplify the liquid supply device, and to reduce the size of the device. It can respond appropriately.
- the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is a method for amplifying a template nucleic acid in a reaction solution containing at least a template nucleic acid, a primer nucleic acid, a phosphate compound and a metal ion.
- A a denaturation step of melting a double strand formed in a molecule of the nucleic acid serving as a template and between Z or between molecules in a predetermined region; and (b) the denaturation step obtained in the step (a).
- the denaturing step and the regenerating step can be performed in different regions, respectively, and the nucleic acid can be immobilized in a region including the region where the regenerating step is performed.
- the nucleic acid synthase obtained is not affected by heating or the like at the time of denaturing the nucleic acid serving as a template, so that inactivation of the nucleic acid synthase is suppressed, and even if a nucleic acid synthase having no heat resistance is used.
- PCR can be performed continuously.
- the nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme is immobilized, the amplified nucleic acid can be easily separated and purified, and the nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme can be reused and continuously used, thereby facilitating the scale-up of the reaction.
- a double-stranded region formed by melting a double strand formed within a molecule of a nucleic acid and between Z or between molecules is denatured into a single strand, and the nucleic acid in which the double strand is melted is a double strand.
- a reaction solution containing at least a nucleic acid serving as a template, a nucleic acid serving as a primer, a phosphoric acid compound, and a metal ion is introduced into a flow path having a regeneration region for reforming a nucleic acid, and the nucleic acid synthesis reaction is performed, the regeneration region is used.
- the nucleic acid synthase immobilized on the nucleic acid is not affected by heating when denaturing the nucleic acid used as a template. However, PCR can be performed continuously. In addition, since the nucleic acid synthetase is immobilized, the amplified nucleic acid can be easily separated and purified, and the nucleic acid synthase can be reused and continuously used, thereby facilitating the scale-up of the reaction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a part of a channel of the nucleic acid amplifier.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circulation channel of the nucleic acid amplifier.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a denaturing temperature control unit and a regeneration temperature control unit for forming the denaturation region and the regeneration region.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing still another embodiment of the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a nucleic acid synthetase immobilized in a capillary in the nucleic acid amplifier.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing one unit of the flow channel of the nucleic acid amplifier used in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph showing the result of amplifying a nucleic acid by the nucleic acid amplifier and detecting the nucleic acid by agarose gel electrophoresis.
- nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention at least one nucleic acid serving as a template (hereinafter simply referred to as a template), a nucleic acid serving as a primer (hereinafter simply referred to as a primer), a phosphate compound and a metal ion are provided in at least one flow path.
- a reaction solution containing the mixture denaturation of the template, annealing of the denatured template and the primer, and synthesis of nucleic acid by a nucleic acid synthase are performed in the channel.
- a denaturing region for performing a denaturing reaction of the double-stranded template nucleic acid and an annealing reaction between the single-stranded template nucleic acid and the primer are performed together with a nucleic acid synthesis reaction by a nucleic acid synthase. And a nucleic acid synthase is fixed in at least a part of the flow path of the regeneration region. It is.
- the denaturation of the template means that the double-stranded nucleic acid is melted to form a single strand.
- the denatured region is set in an environment necessary for denaturation of the template. ) Set to above the melting temperature of nucleic acid, 2) Set to basic or acidic, 3) Do not contain cations, 4) Mix with hydrogen bond inhibitors (such as urea or guanidium salt). Set.
- the temperature is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the nucleic acid, which can be set repeatedly among the above conditions (heating is effective as a means), or It is particularly preferable to set the temperature to be “basic” or “acidic” because it is most efficient to set the temperature to be higher than the melting temperature of nucleic acid.
- the denaturation of the template is performed by heating it above the melting temperature of the nucleic acid, it cannot be said unconditionally because it differs depending on the length and sequence of the template. , Preferably heated to 92-97 ° C.
- the conventional PCR method does not use a basic environment as a template denaturing condition.
- the region where the synthase is immobilized can be set in a neutral environment, and if the environment is neutralized in this way, the denaturation region can be set in a basic environment and the template can be denatured.
- the above-mentioned regenerating region is set in an environment necessary for regenerating nucleic acid, and is, for example, 1) set at a temperature lower than the melting temperature of nucleic acid (as a means of non-heating or cooling), 2) a weakly acidic weak base.
- the temperature conditions for performing nucleic acid regeneration cannot be unconditionally determined because the temperature differs depending on the melting temperature of the template and the primer. For example, when a 15-30 mer primer is used, the temperature is 30-70 ° C. In the present invention, 30 to 40 ° C. is particularly preferred.
- Regeneration of nucleic acid means that single-stranded nucleic acids complementary to each other form a double strand. Regeneration of nucleic acid in an environment in which PCR is performed substantially anneals the template and the primer. means.
- the reaction solution introduced into the flow channel moves to the denaturation region, whereby the reaction solution is exposed to an environment set in the denaturation region, and the reaction solution is transferred to the regeneration region. By moving, the reaction solution is exposed to the environment set in the regeneration area.
- the denaturing region is provided outside the flow channel so that the reaction solution moving in the flow channel can be heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the nucleic acid.
- the regenerating region which is preferably formed by providing control means, has a regenerating temperature outside the flow channel so that the reaction solution moving in the flow channel can be adjusted to the melting temperature of the nucleic acid or lower. It is preferable to form by providing a control means.
- the nucleic acid synthetase used in the method of the present invention is an enzyme that can be used for nucleic acid amplification, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is a commonly available enzyme. Ligase, reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and the like. Further, these nucleic acid synthases can be used in combination.
- the conventional PCR method PCR ligase chain reaction (ligase chain)
- a nucleic acid synthase having heat resistance which is used in the reaction: LCR) method, can also be used. Since the nucleic acid synthetase is fixed in the flow path of the regeneration region and is not exposed to heating or the like performed when the template is modified, it is possible to use a nucleic acid synthase having no heat resistance.
- a nucleic acid synthase having an optimum temperature of 30 to 40 ° C Since it can be suitably used, a relatively inexpensive enzyme that could not be used in conventional PCR can be selected. In addition, an enzyme other than other general nucleic acid synthases can be used in combination. Therefore, by using an enzyme which was difficult to be used at the time of the conventional PCR, for example, an enzyme that corrects a mismatch of the synthesized nucleic acid, the reliability of amplification can be improved as compared with the conventional PCR.
- enzymes having high reaction efficiency, enzymes and easy availability are preferably used, and specifically, DNA polymerase I derived from Escherichia coli having high replication reliability is preferably used. .
- DNA polymerase I derived from Escherichia coli having high replication reliability is preferably used.
- Klenow fragment or the like may be used except for the exonuclease active site of DNA polymerase I.
- the nucleic acid synthetase may be immobilized on the bead surface and directly immobilized on the inner wall surface of the flow channel to be filled in at least a part of the flow channel in the regeneration region.
- the immobilized nucleic acid synthase and the reaction solution can be efficiently contacted, so that the reaction efficiency can be increased.
- the configuration of the device of the present invention can be simply formed. That is, when such a flow path is formed, first, the nucleic acid synthase can be immobilized on the entire surface of the flow path to form the entire flow path. In this embodiment, even if the enzyme in the denatured region is inactivated. However, since the enzyme in the regeneration region is maintained in the active state, a desired flow path can be easily formed.
- the material of the beads for immobilizing the nucleic acid synthase is not particularly limited! However, metal fine particles, glass particles, resin particles and the like can be preferably exemplified, and in particular, biological materials such as latex beads and chitosan beads can be used. Beads that are easy to immobilize enzymes that have good compatibility with molecules are preferably used.
- the size of the beads can be appropriately set as long as the size is such that the beads can be filled in the flow channel, and usually has a diameter of 0.4 to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably a diameter of 1-150 ⁇ m.
- the flow path is formed of a material that has a relatively high thermal conductivity, is stable in a temperature range required for PCR, and is hardly adsorbed by nucleic acids and proteins that are eroded by an electrolyte solution or an organic solvent.
- materials having heat resistance and corrosion resistance include glass, stone, silicon, and various plastics.
- the inner wall surface to be touched is coated with a material that is generally difficult to absorb nucleic acids and proteins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, or shares molecules with many hydrophilic functional groups, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). It is preferable to introduce by bonding or the like to suppress the adsorption of nucleic acids and proteins.
- a known method such as a supporting method, an inclusive method, a covalent bonding method, a crosslinking method, and an electrostatic adsorption method is employed.
- a covalent bonding method or a cross-linking method is particularly preferable for repeatedly carrying out the enzymatic reaction.
- the covalent bonding method can be carried out by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- a relatively highly reactive functional group for example, Mouth carboxyl group (carboxylic acid chloride), carboxyl group, amino group, thiol group (sulfanyl group), epoxy group, etc.
- a relatively highly reactive functional group for example, Mouth carboxyl group (carboxylic acid chloride), carboxyl group, amino group, thiol group (sulfanyl group), epoxy group, etc.
- the functional group and carbonyl group amino group on the surface of nucleic acid synthase By reacting with a thiol group (sulfanyl group).
- the reaction solution used in the present invention contains at least a template, a primer, a phosphorylated compound and a metal ion.
- the template is a nucleic acid to be amplified, and a natural or non-natural nucleic acid prepared by a conventional method can be used.
- the concentration of the template in the reaction solution is usually 0.01-— ⁇ force, preferably 0.1- ⁇ force! / ⁇ .
- the primer is a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least a part of the nucleotide sequence of the template, and may be any nucleic acid that can be used in a general PCR method or LCR method. It is preferable that the DNA is designed so that it can be efficiently amplified. Usually, a 15-30 mer is preferably used. For example, a nucleic acid serving as a primer can be easily prepared by using an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer.
- the concentration of the primer in the reaction solution is usually preferably 0.01-1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1-0.2 ⁇ m.
- the above primers also include non-natural nucleic acids that have been chemically modified and modified for subsequent detection or separation.
- the non-natural nucleic acid is not particularly limited, but may be an oligonucleic acid labeled with biotin or FITC, an oligonucleic acid having a phosphothioate bond, or ⁇ ( ⁇ Peptide nucleic acid) and a chimeric nucleic acid containing a natural nucleic acid.
- the above phosphoric acid compound is a component serving as a substrate when amplifying nucleic acid.
- dNTP DNA polymerase ⁇ reverse transcriptase
- dNTP DNA polymerase ⁇ reverse transcriptase
- a mixture containing dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP at an arbitrary ratio, preferably an equal mixture of four kinds of deoxynucleotide triphosphates is used.
- ligase NTP is preferably used, and ATP and GTP are particularly preferred.
- the concentration of the phosphoric acid conjugate in the reaction solution can be set as appropriate. Usually, 0.01 to ImM is preferred, and 0.1 to 0.5 mM is more preferred.
- Examples of the metal ion include potassium ion (K +), sodium ion (Na +), magnesium ion (Mg2 +) and the like. By including such a metal ion, effects such as stabilization of double-stranded nucleic acid, activation of an enzyme, and improvement in fidelity of a synthesized nucleic acid can be obtained.
- the concentration of the metal ion in the reaction solution is usually 10-200 mM for potassium ion or sodium ion, and more preferably 50-100 mM power.
- magnesium ion is preferably 1.5 mM, more preferably 1.5-2.5 mM.
- the feeding rate and flow rate of the reaction solution are set so that denaturation of the template, annealing of the denatured template and the primer, and nucleic acid synthesis can be performed efficiently in the flow channel. It is preferable to appropriately adjust the conditions such as the length of the road. These conditions cannot be said unconditionally because they are affected by the length of the template, the length of the nucleic acid to be synthesized, the reaction speed of the nucleic acid synthase to be used, and the like.
- the time for passing once is 1-160 seconds, preferably 5 to 30 seconds, and the time for passing once through the reproduction area is 5 to 300 seconds, preferably 10 to 120 seconds.
- nucleic acid amplifying device used in the nucleic acid amplifying method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but basically the same portions will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- the nucleic acid amplifying device 10 includes a substrate 1 having a denaturation temperature region A and a regeneration temperature region B, wherein the denaturation temperature region A and the regeneration temperature region B alternately meander to form the denaturation temperature region A.
- a flow path 2 having a predetermined inner diameter is formed so as to pass through the regeneration temperature region B a plurality of times, whereby the flow path 2 is denatured from the nucleic acid serving as the template to form a single strand.
- a flow path having a denaturing region for performing a denaturing reaction to be performed and a regeneration region for annealing the single-stranded nucleic acid and the nucleic acid serving as the primer and further performing a nucleic acid synthesis reaction can be provided.
- a part of the regeneration area of the flow path is provided with a plurality of bead filling portions 3 each of which is filled with a bead having a nucleic acid synthase immobilized on the surface.
- an injection hole 2a for injecting the reaction solution into the flow channel, and a takeout hole 2b for taking out the reaction solution after the amplification reaction of the nucleic acid is provided, You.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram in which a part of the flow path of the nucleic acid amplification device is enlarged.
- the nucleic acid synthetase 5 is immobilized on the surface of the beads 4.
- the immobilized nucleic acid synthase 6 filled with the immobilized nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme 6 can be brought into contact with the reaction solution that has moved through the flow path and the nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme 5 immobilized on the immobilized nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme 6.
- a filter having an appropriate sieve size should be installed at the inlet and the outlet of the bead filling unit 3 so that the immobilized nucleic acid synthase 6 does not leak.
- the material of the filter is not particularly limited, but preferred examples thereof include cellulose, which hardly causes nucleic acid adsorption, and the like.
- this nucleic acid amplifier 10 When this nucleic acid amplifier 10 is used, at least a template, a primer, a reaction solution containing a phosphate compound and metal ions are supplied by an external liquid sending device (not shown) such as a pump. Feed the solution in the direction of the arrow.
- an external liquid sending device such as a pump. Feed the solution in the direction of the arrow.
- the flow path 2 is formed so as to pass through the denaturation temperature region and the regeneration temperature region of the substrate at least once, respectively.
- the nucleic acid is formed so as to pass 20 to 40 times.
- the size of the flow path 2 is such that the diameter is reduced and the specific surface area is increased so that heat conduction is performed, and heat flow is easily performed so that thermal fluctuation does not occur.
- the optimal channel width is 20-200 ⁇ m, preferably 50-100 ⁇ m, and the depth is 20-200 m, preferably 40-100 / zm.
- the width of the flow channel in the portion filled with the immobilized nucleic acid synthase 6 is 20 to 3000 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, and the depth is 20 to 100 m, preferably 40 to 500 ⁇ m. m.
- the flow channel 2 is made of a material that has a relatively high thermal conductivity, is stable in a temperature range required for PCR, and is hardly adsorbed by nucleic acids and proteins that are eroded by an electrolyte solution or an organic solvent.
- materials having heat resistance and corrosion resistance include glass, quartz, silicon, and various plastics.
- their surfaces are generally made of nucleic acids such as polyethylene and polypropylene. It is preferable to suppress the adsorption of nucleic acids and proteins by coating with materials that are not likely to adsorb proteins and proteins, or by introducing molecules containing many hydrophilic functional groups such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) by covalent bonds or the like. .
- the substrate having the flow path can be formed, for example, as follows. That is, a groove having the above-mentioned predetermined width and depth is formed on one substrate having the above-mentioned material strength by a cutting process or the like, and another substrate or the like is formed so as to cover the groove. A method of attaching a film can be suitably employed.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- the nucleic acid amplifier 20 has a configuration in which a plurality of other substrates lb, lc, Id, le, lf, and lg are connected in a branched manner to the substrate la shown in FIG. Note that the connection form of these substrates is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 3, but may be connected in various forms so that nucleic acid amplification can be performed efficiently.
- the nucleic acid amplifier 20 uses a reaction solution comprising at least a first reaction solution containing the template, at least the primer, a second reaction solution containing a phosphate compound and a metal ion, and sends it from an external liquid sending device 11 such as a pump.
- the first reaction liquid and the second reaction liquid are supplied to the substrate la from the first reaction liquid tank 14 and the second reaction liquid tank 15, respectively, and the substrates lb, lc, Id, To le, lf, and lg, the reaction solution that has passed through the substrate la is supplied as it is as a template by the external liquid supply device 12, and the primers and phosphoric acid condensed by the reaction in the substrate la are also supplied.
- the reaction substrate such as The liquid is supplied from the second reaction liquid tank 15.
- reaction solution that has passed through the above-mentioned substrates lb, lc, Id, le, If can be directly recovered and purified for nucleic acid, and can be further connected to a plurality of substrates as needed to amplify the nucleic acid. Just go.
- a part of the reaction solution passing through the substrate la and a portion of the reaction solution passing through the substrate lg are used as the first reaction solution in the flow paths 7 and 8 and the pump. 13 are provided.
- the substrates are connected in a branched manner as described above, at least one substrate in each stage, for example, the substrate immediately before branching (substrate la) or the reaction solution that has passed through the substrate is subjected to the first reaction. It is preferable that a nucleic acid synthase having high reliability of replication is immobilized on a substrate having a route to be reused as a reaction solution (substrate lg). As a result, the template can be accurately amplified, and thus the template can be accurately amplified even if PCR is repeated.
- FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention, in which the reaction solution is circulated and a circulation channel for alternately passing the denaturation region and the regeneration region in the circulation channel. The structure is shown.
- a circulation flow path is formed by a branch flow path 2c branched at a predetermined location in the flow path 2, and the liquid sent to the branch flow path 2c is a reaction liquid. It can be controlled by an external liquid sending device 13a that controls the direction of flow of the liquid.
- the reaction solution that entered the branch channel 2c at the branch of the flow path passed through the denaturation area in the circulation flow path in the denaturation temperature area A, returned to the regeneration temperature area B from the junction of the flow paths, and passed once. It is possible to pass through the regeneration area in the circulation channel again.
- the circulation channel may have a structure in which the channel 2 is formed in a ring shape and has no branch channel.
- a reaction solution tank 16 serving as a supply / removal portion of the reaction solution is disposed in the middle of the annular flow path 2, and the reaction solution introduced from the reaction solution tank 16 is supplied by an external solution sending device 13 a in the figure. Circulate in the flow path 2 in the direction of the arrow.
- the reaction solution circulates through the circulation channel, and alternately and repeatedly passes through the denaturing region and the regeneration region in the circulation channel, whereby the nucleic acid amplification reaction proceeds. In (a), it can be collected from the outlet of the flow channel, and in FIG. 4 (b), it can be collected from the reaction solution tank 16.
- the denaturing temperature region and the regeneration temperature region of the substrate are, for example, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a thermostatic bath 31 having a denaturation temperature control means 34 and a regeneration temperature control. It can be formed by placing the substrate 1 in a temperature control device 33 having a structure in which a constant temperature bath 32 having means 35 is partitioned by a partition plate 38. In each of the constant temperature baths, stirrers 36 and 37 are provided to stir the medium in the constant temperature bath and keep the temperature uniform.
- a plurality of substrates 1 are stacked, and denaturing temperature control means 39 and regeneration temperature control means 40 are provided between each substrate or between several substrates. May be arranged to form a denaturing temperature region and a regeneration temperature region of the substrate.
- the denaturing temperature control means and the regeneration temperature control means may be a thermoelectric element, a thermostat, a heating wire as long as the temperature can be kept constant by an arbitrary temperature control device. And a lamp heater. Further, the denaturing temperature control means and the regeneration temperature control means may be arranged so as not to contact the substrate.
- FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the nucleic acid amplifier of the present invention.
- this nucleic acid amplifier 50 two capillaries 51 are used as flow paths.
- the capillary 51 is provided in a temperature control device 52 having a denaturing temperature region A and a regeneration temperature region B. It is spirally wound and installed so that it passes through the temperature region and the regeneration temperature region alternately.
- the nucleic acid synthetase 5 is directly fixed as shown in FIG.
- the material of the above capillaries is not particularly limited, but has a relatively high thermal conductivity, is stable in a temperature range required for PCR, and is hardly adsorbed to nucleic acids and proteins by erosion by an electrolyte solution or an organic solvent.
- glass, plastic, and the like which are preferably formed of a resin, can be exemplified.
- a capillary having a material strength that is semipermeable and has a property of allowing only low molecules to pass therethrough without passing through a polymer can also be used.
- a low temperature medium is used as a medium in a constant temperature bath in which the capillary is installed.
- a solution containing a high molecular weight substrate eg dNTP, NTP, etc.
- Preferred examples of the semipermeable cavities include hollow fibers that are also sold by Mitsubishi Rayon and Toray.
- the size of the cavities is an outer diameter force of 100 to 1000 m, preferably 200 to 500 ⁇ m, and an inner diameter force of 0 to 600 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the immobilization of the nucleic acid synthetase on the inner wall surface of the capillaries can be performed in the same manner as the method for immobilizing the nucleic acid synthase described above, and the nucleic acid synthase is immobilized on the entire inner wall surface of the capillary. Should be fixed.
- the nucleic acid synthase immobilized in the denatured region is usually inactivated by heating or the like and does not affect the nucleic acid synthesis reaction. There is no practical problem as long as the nucleic acid synthase immobilized on the enzyme has activity.
- the labor for loading beads or immobilizing the nucleic acid synthetase only at a specific location can be omitted, and the production becomes easy.
- one region of the substrate is subjected to a denaturation temperature region.
- a flow path substrate in which another area is defined as a regeneration temperature area one flow path is formed on the surface in a meandering manner, and arranged so as to alternately pass through these areas, Molded like [0065] That is, a thin plate-like substrate (35 mm long x 70 mm wide) having a thickness of lmm was prepared by injection molding polyethylene, and had a width and a depth shown in Table 1, and was not interrupted in the length direction. The grooves were formed on the substrate surface by cutting to form a flow path substrate. At that time, the flow path portion occupied by one adjacent denaturation region and one regeneration region was set to one unit.
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the groove for one unit of the flow channel.
- the length along the flow path of the groove that becomes the change area in the denaturation temperature area A of the substrate is 12 mm
- the length along the flow path of the groove that becomes the reproduction area in the reproduction temperature area B of the substrate is 50mm.
- the width of the groove of the enlarged diameter portion 3a of the flow path filled with the immobilized nucleic acid synthase is 1000 m
- the width of the groove in the other portion is 200 m.
- the uninterrupted grooves in the length direction formed by cutting on the polyethylene substrate are formed such that the grooves for one unit of the flow path are connected in series for 40 units.
- the immobilized nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme to be filled in the enlarged diameter portion 3a of the flow path of the substrate was adjusted as follows.
- a chitosan bead carrier having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m (trade name “Chitopearl BCW-3001”; manufactured by Fuji Boseki Co., Ltd.) Na2HP04, 2.68 mM KCL, 1.47 mM KH2P04, pH 7.2), 4. Equilibrated with C for 8 hours.
- the PBS buffer was removed by filtration, 2 ml of a 2.5% aqueous dartal aldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was activated at 4 ° C for 2 hours. Then, after filtering a 2.5% aqueous solution of dartaraldehyde, the beads were washed three times with 5 ml of a PBS buffer.
- the immobilized nucleic acid synthase prepared as described above was dropped and filled into the bead-filled portion of the channel substrate at a rate of 2.5 ⁇ l per unit of the channel using a micropipette. In this case, it was considered that immobilized nucleic acid synthase occupies approximately half of the volume of the bead-filled portion.
- a veltier element On the surface on the side opposite to the surface on which the groove of the flow path substrate was formed, a veltier element was disposed as temperature control means.
- the Peltier device required to make the constant area of the substrate a denaturation temperature region of 94 ° C, and the Peltier device necessary to make the constant area of the substrate a regeneration temperature region of 37 ° C. were placed on the surface of the flow path substrate.
- a liquid sending tube from a high-performance liquid chromatography pump which is a liquid sending device, was joined to a connector adhered to a flow path inlet of the nucleic acid amplification reaction substrate to obtain the nucleic acid amplifier.
- a PCR reaction was performed using the nucleic acid amplification device prepared in Example 1. At that time, an aqueous solution containing the following contents was used as the reaction solution.
- Negative strand of type II double-stranded DNA SEQ ID NO: 2
- a solution containing no type II double-stranded DNA (73 base pairs) in the above reaction solution was used as a control.
- the reaction solution or the control solution was previously denatured at 94 ° C for 2 minutes, cooled to 37 ° C, and then sent to the nucleic acid amplifier of Example 1 at a liquid sending rate of 1 ⁇ m using the liquid sending device.
- the solution was sent at lZmin.
- the ratio of the portion occupied by the regeneration region and the denatured region in the volume of the channel in one unit of the channel arranged on the channel substrate of the nucleic acid amplification device of Example 1 described above is the ratio in the regeneration region. Taking into account that a part is occupied by immobilized nucleic acid synthase, it is about 7: 1.
- reaction solution or control solution that passed through the flow path for 40 units was subjected to 40 cycles of PCR in which the denaturation reaction was performed at 94 ° C for 30 seconds, the annealing Z extension reaction was performed at 37 ° C for 3 minutes 30 seconds. It is considered equivalent.
- a 3% agarose gel (TAE buffer: TAE buffer solution) is prepared by passing a part of the control solution together with the reaction solution and the nucleic acid molecular weight marker before introducing a part of the control solution into the flow path of the nucleic acid amplifier.
- the gel was electrophoresed in 40 mM Tris, 19 mM acetic acid, ImMEDTA), and the obtained gel was stained with 0.5 g Zml ethidium bromide aqueous solution.
- Fig. 9 shows a photographic image during UV (302nm) irradiation.
- 1 is a lane for electrophoresis of the reaction solution before introduction into the flow path of the nucleic acid amplifier
- 2 is a lane for electrophoresis of the reaction solution passed through the flow path for 40 units
- 3 is a nucleic acid molecular weight marker ( The lane in which a 50 bp ladder was electrophoresed, and the lane 4 in which a control solution passed through a channel for 40 units was electrophoresed.
- the type ⁇ ⁇ double-stranded DNA (73 base pairs) contained in the reaction solution before introduction into the flow path of the nucleic acid amplifier was very small and was not detected (lane 1). ). In addition, no DNA was detected in the control solution that passed through the flow path for 40 units (lane 4). On the other hand, from the reaction solution that passed through the flow path for 40 units, the mobility ( Using lane 3) as an index, DNA was detected at a position near 70-75 bases in length, confirming that type II double-stranded DNA (73 base pairs) in the reaction solution was amplified (lane 2).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Positive strand of type III double-stranded DNA having a length of 73 bases, which is type II in a PCR reaction.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Minus strand of type III double-stranded DNA having a length of 73 bases, which is type II in a PCR reaction.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 PCR forward primer DNA for amplifying type I DNA.
- SEQ ID NO: 4 Reverse primer DNA for PCR to amplify type I DNA.
- the present invention can be used for efficient replication and amplification of template nucleic acids and the like.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04747408A EP1659170A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Nucleic acid amplifier and method of nucleic acid amplification |
JP2005511563A JPWO2005005594A1 (ja) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | 核酸増幅装置及び核酸増幅方法 |
US10/564,060 US20060257878A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Nucleic acid amplifier and method of nucleic acid amplification |
HK06112676.0A HK1092175A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2006-11-17 | Nucleic acid amplifier and method of nucleic acid amplification |
US12/018,905 US20080139408A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2008-01-24 | Nucleic acid amplifier and method of nucleic acid amplification |
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US12/018,905 Continuation US20080139408A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2008-01-24 | Nucleic acid amplifier and method of nucleic acid amplification |
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EP (1) | EP1659170A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005005594A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007126565A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Dainippon Toryo Co Ltd | 亜鉛めっき鋼板又は亜鉛合金めっき鋼板用塗料組成物及びその塗装鋼板 |
JP2009268432A (ja) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-19 | Canon Inc | 標的核酸の測定方法 |
CN106148181A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-23 | 厦门大学 | 一种可控制液体环流路径的核酸扩增反应管 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3527671A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2019-08-21 | Applied DNA Sciences Inc. | System for a continuous rapid thermal cycle system |
WO2015078755A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-04 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Optical controlling of a chemical reaction |
CN107271240A (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 黑龙江然得基尔医学科技发展有限公司 | 一种细胞dna的染色方法 |
CN109266516B (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Dna扩增装置、dna扩增装置的制作方法及检测装置 |
CN113528333B (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-03-08 | 北京擎科生物科技有限公司 | 核酸合成反应装置及核酸合成方法 |
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2004
- 2004-07-12 US US10/564,060 patent/US20060257878A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-12 JP JP2005511563A patent/JPWO2005005594A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-12 CN CNB2004800196435A patent/CN100434502C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-12 WO PCT/JP2004/009942 patent/WO2005005594A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-07-12 EP EP04747408A patent/EP1659170A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 HK HK06112676.0A patent/HK1092175A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
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WO2000056877A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. | Procede d'amplification d'une sequence d'acide nucleique |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007126565A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Dainippon Toryo Co Ltd | 亜鉛めっき鋼板又は亜鉛合金めっき鋼板用塗料組成物及びその塗装鋼板 |
JP2009268432A (ja) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-19 | Canon Inc | 標的核酸の測定方法 |
CN106148181A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-23 | 厦门大学 | 一种可控制液体环流路径的核酸扩增反应管 |
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US20080139408A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1659170A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
US20060257878A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
CN1820067A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
HK1092175A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 |
JPWO2005005594A1 (ja) | 2006-10-26 |
CN100434502C (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
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