Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
  • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
  • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
  • B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
  • B01J31/1875—Phosphinites (R2P(OR), their isomeric phosphine oxides (R3P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
  • C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
  • C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
  • C07F9/5027—Polyphosphines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
  • C07F9/53—Organo-phosphine oxides; Organo-phosphine thioxides
  • C07F9/5329—Polyphosphine oxides or thioxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/65525—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a seven-(or more) membered ring
  • C07F9/65527—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a seven-(or more) membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
  • B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
  • B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
  • B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
  • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
  • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
  • B01J2531/821—Ruthenium

Definitions

• the present invention relates to biaryl bisphosphines and intermediates thereof. Furthermore, the scope of the invention encompasses catalysts which can be prepared from the biarylbisphosphines and their use in asymmetric syntheses.
• Enantiomerically enriched biaryl bisphosphates such as those derived from substituted binaphthylene and biphenylene, often lead to good to very good enantioselectivity as ligands of transition metal complex catalysts (see, for example, HeIv. Chim. Acta 1988, 71, 897 - 929; Acc. Chem. Res 1990, 23, 345-350; Synlett 1994, 501-503; Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 40-75).
• Steric and electronic factors which are determined by the type and arrangement of substituents on the biaryl system or within the phosphine groups, influence both the enantioselectivity and the activity of the catalysts prepared from such ligands.
• the number of such industrial processes has so far been limited because the number of available ligands, which can be used successfully for a larger number of substrates, is small. Rather, the extensive studies in this area show that, due to the basic substrate specificity of the catalyst, which is often "tailor-made" for a specific substrate, even minor changes within the same substrate group do not allow the required enantiomeric purity to be achieved for a very similar product.
• R.1, R 2 , R3 and R 4 each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl, preferably Ci-Cg-alkyl, and n and m each independently represent zero or an integer from 1 to 8, but the Sum of n and m is 1 to 8, preferably 2 or 4 and particularly preferably 2, and furthermore in the
• R 'and R each independently represent aryl or alkyl or
• B represents a bivalent grouping of the formula - (CHR 1 ) n - (CR 2 R 3 ) m - (CHR 4 ) 0 , where R 1, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently of one another hydrogen or alkyl, preferably for Cj-Cg-alkyl, and n, m and o each independently represent zero or an integer from 1 to 8, but the sum of n, m and o is 1 to 8, preferably 3 or 4, and in which G furthermore represents chlorine and R 1 and R "each independently of one another aryl or alkyl.
• the invention encompasses both the pure stereoisomers and any mixtures thereof, in particular racemic mixtures.
• the stereoisomer-enriched compounds of the formula (I) which have a stereoisomer purity of 95% and more, particularly preferably 99% or more, are preferred.
• the ee is accordingly 90% or more preferably, particularly preferably an ee of 98% and very particularly preferably an ee of 99% or more.
• Enantiomerically enriched in the sense of the invention means enantiomerically pure compounds or mixtures of enantiomers of a compound in which one enantiomer is present in an enantiomeric excess, hereinafter also referred to as ee (enantiomeric excess), in comparison to the other enantiomer.
• This enantiomeric excess is preferably 10 to 100% ee, particularly preferably 80 to 100% ee and very particularly preferably 95 to 100% ee.
• stereoisomer or stereoisomerically enriched are used analogously for compounds in which diastereomers can also occur.
• Alkyl stands for example for unbranched, branched, cyclic or acyclic Q-C ⁇ -alkyl radicals, which can either be unsubstituted or at least partially substituted by fluorine, chlorine, or unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or C r C 6 alkoxy.
• Alkyl is particularly preferably branched, cyclic or acyclic Ci-Ci 2 -alkyl radicals which are not further substituted.
• Aryl stands for example for carbocyclic aromatic radicals with 6 to 18 carbon atoms or heteroaromatic radicals with 5 to 18 carbon atoms, in which none, one, two or three carbon atoms per cycle, but at least one carbon atom in the entire molecule, by heteroatoms, selected from the group Group nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, may be substituted.
• carbocyclic aromatic radicals or heteroaromatic radicals can be substituted with up to five identical or different substituents per cycle, selected from the group free or protected hydroxy, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, cyano, free or protected formyl, Ci-C ⁇ - Alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl or iso-octyl, C 6 -Ci 2 aryl, such as phenyl , QC 6 -AIkOXy, tri (Ci-C 6 -alkyl) siloxyl such as trimethylsiloxyl, triethylsiloxyl and tri-n-butylsiloxyl.
• substituents per cycle selected from the group free or protected hydroxy, iodine, bromine, chlorine
• carbocyclic aromatic radicals with 6 to 18 carbon atoms are, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl or fluorenyl, heteroaromatic radicals with 5 to 18 carbon atoms in which none, one, two or three carbon atoms A - per cycle, but at least one skeleton carbon atom in the entire molecule, which may be substituted by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, are, for example, pyridinyl, oxazolyl, thiophene-yl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophen-yl, dibenzofuran-yl, Dibenzothiophen-yl, furanyl, indolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or quinolinyl.
• Protected formyl in the context of the invention stands for a formyl radical which is protected by conversion into an aminal, acetal or a mixed aminal acetal, it being possible for the aminals, acetals and mixed aminal acetals to be acyclic or cyclic.
• Protected hydroxy in the context of the invention stands for a hydroxy radical which is protected by conversion into an acetal, carbonate, carhamate or carboxylate. Examples of this are the conversion into a tetrahydropyranyl adduct, into a benzyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl or a tert-butyloxycarbonyl derivative.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 preferably each independently represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl, particularly preferably hydrogen,
• R 'and R are each preferably independent of one another, more preferably in each case identical to C 3 -C 8 -alkyl or C 5 -Ci 0 -aryl which is not, mono- or polysubstituted by radicals selected from the group chlorine , Fluorine, cyano, phenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy and
• Ci-C 6 alkyl particularly preferably for cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, o-, m-, p-tolyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, 3,5-dimethyl -4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-, 3-furyl, 2-, 3-thiophen-yl, 2-N-methyl- pyrrolyl, N-methyl-2-indolyl and 2-thiazolyl.
• the compounds of the formula (T) according to the invention can be prepared, for example, in an analogous manner to processes which are known per se and which have already been described for the synthesis of biphenylbisphosphines bridged in the 6,6 'position
• X 1 and X 2 each independently represent chlorine, bromine or iodine
• R in formula (V) represents C r C 6 alkyl.
• the compounds of the formula (IV) can preferably be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by reaction with a chiral auxiliary reagent or by continuous or discontinuous chromatography separate enantiomers on a chiral column material into the stereoisomers.
• the ether cleavage in step a) can be carried out, for example, in a manner known per se by reaction with BBr 3 and subsequent treatment with water.
• reaction of the compounds of the formula (IE) with compounds of the formula (H) according to step b) is preferably carried out in organic solvent in the presence of bases.
• Particularly suitable solvents are alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and amidic solvents such as e.g. N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone or mixtures of the solvents mentioned.
• alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
• amidic solvents such as e.g. N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone or mixtures of the solvents mentioned.
• Alkali and alkaline earth compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or alcoholates can be used as bases, for example: calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or sodium methoxide. It is also possible to use tertiary amines such as e.g. To use triethylamine or tributylamine as bases.
• the molar ratio between the compound of the formula (DI) used and the compound of the formula (E) is preferably between 1: 1 and 1: 4; I. A. A slight excess of the compound of the formula (IT) is also sufficient for complete implementation.
• the base is preferably used in at least an equivalent amount to the compound of the formula (HI). When using bases which are insoluble in the solvent, for example potassium carbonate in DMF, it is expedient to use four to ten times the molar amount and at the same time to ensure thorough mixing of the suspension.
• the reaction according to step b) can also be carried out in a two-phase system, solvents being used as the non-aqueous phase in which the resulting product of the formula (IV) is at least predominantly soluble; dichloromethane, for example, is suitable for this.
• phase transfer catalysts such as quaternary Use ammonium or phosphine salts and tetrabutylammonium salts. Tetrabutylammonium salts are preferred.
• the reaction temperature in the reaction of compounds of formula (IH) for the preparation of compounds of formula (IV) may for example be in the range of about 20 ° C to 100 0 C, preferably in the range from 20 ° C to 8O 0 C, are.
• step c) The reduction of the compounds of formula (IV) to the compounds of formula (IT) according to step c) is preferably carried out according to methods known per se, for example by reaction with trichlorosilane in inert solvents such as toluene or xylene and in the presence of tertiary amines such as tri -n-butylamine at reflux temperature (see, for example, EP-A 398 132, EP-A 749 973 and EP-A 926 152).
• the compounds of the formula (IV) according to the invention in which the substituent in the 6,6'-position is an alkenediyl radical can also be prepared by initially providing the compounds of the formula (HI) with the abovementioned meaning
• X 3 and X 4 each represent chlorine, bromine, iodine or a sulfonate, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine and
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the meaning given above including the
• R 5 and R 6 each independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
• the compounds of the formula (VIT) are then converted into compounds of the formula (IV) in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst.
• the compounds of the formula (IV) can then be reduced 2x1 to the compounds of the formula (I) in the manner described above.
• step b) of the former process For the reaction of the compounds of the formula (HI) with compounds of the formula (VTa) and or (VIb), the solvents, temperatures, molar ratios and other reaction parameters described for step b) of the former process apply in the same way.
• Ruthenium-carbene complexes are particularly suitable as olefin metathesis catalysts for converting the compounds of the formula (VII) into compounds of the formula (IV).
• Preferred ruthenium-carbene complexes are, for example, those of the formulas (Xa) and (Xb)
• Ar is aryl
• HaI is chlorine, bromine or iodine
• R 7 each independently represents Ci-Ci 2 -alkyl, C 5 - C ⁇ -aryl or C 6 -Ci 3 -arylalkyl
• o-aryldiyl represents an ortho-divalent C 5 -C 24 aryl radical which can continue to carry up to four radicals, as have already been defined above for aryl, Hal for chlorine, bromine or
• Iodine, B for optionally mono- or disubstituted by Ci-Ci 2 alkyl, C 5 -Ci 2 aryl or C 6 -Ci 3 -
• Arylalkyl substituted 1,2-ethanediyl- or 1,2-ethenediyl and R 8 each independently represent C r C 12 alkyl, C 5 -C 12 aryl or C 6 -Ci 3 arylalkyl.
• the compounds of formula (I), preferably in stereoisomerically enriched form, are particularly suitable as ligands for the preparation of transition metal complexes which can be used as catalysts for processes for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched compounds.
• the preferred ranges for compounds of the formula (I) apply below in the same way as described above.
• the invention therefore encompasses both transition metal complexes containing compounds of the formula (T) and catalysts which contain the transition metal complexes according to the invention.
• Preferred transition metal complexes are those which can be obtained by reacting compounds of the formula (T) in the presence of transition metal compounds.
• Preferred transition metal compounds are compounds of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, palladium and nickel, with those of rhodium, iridium and ruthenium being further preferred.
• Preferred transition metal compounds are, for example, those of the formula (VIHa)
• Y 1 for chloride, bromide, acetate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or acetylacetonate and
• Y 2 represents chloride, bromide, acetate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate perchlorate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetra (bis-3,5-trifluoromethylphenyljborate or tetraphenylborate and
• P represents rhodium and iridium 1 and ruthenium 2
• B 1 each represents a QC ⁇ alkene such as ethylene or cyclooctene, or a nitrile such as acetonitrile, benzonitrile or benzyl nitrile, or
• B ⁇ together represents a (C 4 -Ci 2 ) diene such as norbornadiene or 1,5-cyclooctadiene
• B 2 represents aryl radicals such as, for example, cymol, mesityl, phenyl or cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene or methylallyl
• Y 3 represents chloride or bromide
• B 3 represents a (C 4 -Ci 2 ) diene such as norbornadiene or 1,5-cyclooctadiene
• a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion such as, for example, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate perchlorate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetra (bis-3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate or tetraphenylborate.
• cyclopentadienyl 2 Ru, Rh (acac) (CO) 2 , Lr (pyridine) 2 (1,5-cyclooctadiene) or multinuclear bridged complexes such as, for example, [Rh (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) Cl] 2 and [ Rh (1,5-cyclooctadiene) Br] 2 , [Rh (ethene) 2 Cl] 2 , [Rh (cyclo-octene) 2 Cl] 2 , [Ir (1,5-cyclooctadiene) Cl] 2 and [Ir ( 1,5-cyclooctadiene) Br] 2 , [Lr (ethene) 2 Cl] 2 , and [Lr (cyclooctene) 2 Cl] 2 are preferred.
• transition metal complexes are those of the formulas (VIIIa, b, c)
• M stands for rhodium or iridium
• a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion such as, for example, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate perchlorate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetra (bis-3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate or tetraphenylborate
• a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion such as, for example, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate perchlorate, hexafluoroantimonate, tetra (bis-3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate or tetraphenyl borate
• R each independently represents Ci-C 6 alkyl
• Diamine represents chiral 1,2-diamines, which are preferably selected from the group
• AR stands for an arene ligand, which is preferably selected from the group of benzene, p-cymene and mesitylene.
• transition metal complexes such as those of the formulas (VHHa-c) and (Ka-e) and transition metal complexes prepared in situ can be used, the latter being preferred.
• the transition metal complexes and catalysts are preferably used for asymmetric hydrogenation.
• Particularly preferred asymmetric hydrogenations are hydrogenations of prochiral ketones such as in particular alpha and beta keto esters such as methyl or ethyl chloroacetoacetate and methyl or ethyl acetoacetate.
• the amount of the transition metal compound or the transition metal complex used can be, for example, 0.001 to 5 mol%, based on the substrate used, 0.01 to 2 mol% being preferred.
• the enantiomerically enriched compounds which can be prepared according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals or intermediates thereof.
• the advantage of the present invention is that with the aid of the catalysts according to the invention, enantioselectivities and activities are achieved which were previously not possible with similar catalysts.
• the phosphine oxide from Example 3 (0.686 g, 1 mmol) was initially charged with xylene (18 ml) under argon, the resulting mixture first with tri (n-butyl) amine (3.5 ml, 15 mmol) and trichlorosilane (1, 5 ml, 15 mmol) and then heated under reflux for 2 hours. It was allowed to cool, briefly stirred with degassed NaOH solution (30%, 15 ml), 25 ml of degassed water were added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted 3 times with methyl tert-butyl ether (10 ml) and the combined organic phases first with sat. Washed saline and then dried over MgSO 4 . The organic solvent was removed in vacuo and the product was obtained as a colorless powder.
• Example 4 The phosphine oxide from Example 4 was reduced completely analogously to Example 6 and obtained in a yield of 91%.
• the by-product (S) - [5,5'-dichloro-6,6'-bis (3-bromopropoxy) biphenyl-2,2'-diyl] bis (diphenylphosphine oxide) (0.34 g) was chromatographed separated, (silica gel Merck type 9385, eluent: ethyl acetate / hexane / methanol, 10: 1: 1). After this chromatography, the main product received a small amount of the substrate used as an impurity.
• this product was dissolved in 40 ml of DMF, 160 mg of potassium carbonate and 0.15 ml of methyl bromoacetate were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After filtration and removal of the solvent by evaporation in vacuo, the product obtained was separated by chromatography under the same conditions as previously indicated. 4.0 g of pure product of the formula given above were obtained.
• the phosphine oxide from Example 14 (0.687 g, 1 mmol) was initially charged with xylene (18 ml) under argon, the resulting mixture first with tri (n-butyl) amine (3.5 ml, 15 mmol) and trichlorosilane (1, 5 ml, 15 mmol) and then heated under reflux for 2 hours. It was allowed to cool, briefly stirred with degassed NaOH solution (30%, 14 ml), 20 ml of degassed water were added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted 4 times with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the combined organic phases first with sat. Washed saline and then dried over MgSO 4 . The organic solvent was removed in vacuo and the product was obtained as a colorless powder.
• MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether

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