WO2004105157A2 - Recharging method and associated apparatus - Google Patents

Recharging method and associated apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004105157A2
WO2004105157A2 PCT/US2004/015231 US2004015231W WO2004105157A2 WO 2004105157 A2 WO2004105157 A2 WO 2004105157A2 US 2004015231 W US2004015231 W US 2004015231W WO 2004105157 A2 WO2004105157 A2 WO 2004105157A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
remote station
energy
wireless fidelity
power storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2004/015231
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004105157A3 (en
Inventor
Marlin H. Mickle
Christopher C. Capelli
Harold Swift
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Pittsburgh
Original Assignee
University of Pittsburgh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Pittsburgh filed Critical University of Pittsburgh
Priority to JP2006533093A priority Critical patent/JP2007516686A/ja
Priority to EP04752290A priority patent/EP1636861A4/en
Publication of WO2004105157A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004105157A2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2004105157A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004105157A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for remote energizing of power storage devices and particularly to a method and apparatus employing small apparatus for remote energizing of power storage devices using RF frequencies based on wireless frequencies.
  • the method and apparatus of this invention preferably employs at least one antenna that has an effective area greater than its physical area to harvest energy.
  • Description of the Prior Art Contactless electrical connections are well known in the field of portable electrical devices. For example, portable motorized toothbrushes typically contain a rechargeable battery, which is charged by induction.
  • the inductive charging device is also called an electromagnetic, non-contact type battery charging device.
  • inductive charging device is advantageous in that it cannot be hindered by a bad electrical contact unlike the charging device that requires an electrical connection
  • inductive charging devices typically consist of inductive coupler for transferring energy from a primary side of the inductive coupler on a charging device to a secondary side of the inductive coupler on the electronic device.
  • Examples of inventions utilizing inductive charging include US Patent 6,284,651, US Patent 6,310,465 and US Patent 5,952,814.
  • a major problem with inductive charging is that the charging device needs to be in close proximity to the electronic device in order to energized power storage devices in the electronic device.
  • U.S. Patent 6,127,799 describes a charge storage device that is charged by exposing the charge storage device to an RF electromagnetic field radiated into free space within a closed system.
  • the charge storage device includes one or more dipole antennas disposed on the device and adapted to receive the radiated RF electromagnetic field.
  • One or more bridge rectifiers are connected to the antennas for rectifying the received RF electromagnetic field into a DC output current. The DC output current produced by the rectifier is used to energize the charge storage device.
  • the antennas may be one or more dipole antennas which are combined to form at least two subsets of dipole antenna element arrays, wherein one subset may be oriented at an acute or a right angle with respect to at least one other subset.
  • the antennas or dipole antennas may be placed on more than one outside surface of the charge storage device, which enclose an acute or a right angle with respect to each other.
  • the size of the dipole antennas for the device do not make it practical for the majority of portable electronic devices (e.g., cellular telephones, portable electronic games, digital cameras and the like), hi this prior disclosure, the dipole antennas are used to cover more than one side of a battery that has a width of 12.5 cm.
  • a 10-turn square spiral coil for use at 10 MHz is constructed having an outer diameter of 1 cm x 1 cm.
  • the conducting path width is 0.005 inches.
  • the spacing between turns is 0.001 in.
  • the copper path is deposited by vacuum evaporation and then thickness is built up to about 25 micrometers by electroplating.
  • Two permalloy magnetic films having a thickness of from 1000-3000 Angstroms, surround the conductors, one on top, and the other on the bottom. The film is evaporated in an orienting magnetic field in such a way that the long dimension is parallel to the field, and thus it is the easy direction of magnetization of the film.
  • the magnetic films When a high-frequency current passes in the coil, the magnetic films are driven in a hard direction, and the two magnetic films around each conductor act as a magnetic core enclosing a 1-turn coil.
  • the effect of the magnetic films is to increase the inductance of the coil in addition to its free-space inductance.
  • the magnetic permeability is quite large, since the films are driven in the hard direction.
  • an insulating silicon-monoxide layer (SiO, 10,000 A thick) separates each magnetic film from the conducting path.
  • U.S. Patent 6,373,447 discloses the use of one or more antennas that are formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip and connected to other circuitry on the IC chip.
  • Antenna configurations are disclosed that include loop, multi-turn loop, square spiral, long wire, or dipole.
  • the antenna as disclosed could be formed to have two or more segments, which can selectively be connected to one another to alter an effective length of the antenna.
  • two antennas may be formed in two different metallization layers separated by an insulating layer.
  • a major shortcoming of this prior art is that the inventors teach that the antenna's transmitting and receiving strength "is proportional to the number of turns and area of the loop.”
  • U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/951,032 which is a CIP of US Patent 6,289,237 discloses an antenna on a chip that has an effective area greater than its physical area.
  • the effective area of the antenna is made greater than its physical area through the use of an LC tank circuit in the antenna. This is accomplished through the use in the (1) antenna of inter-electrode capacitance and inductance and jointly or severally the (2) parasitic capacitance and inductance of the chip (die) to form the LC tank circuit.
  • the benefit of utilizing the inter-electrode capacitance and inductance and parasitic capacitance and inductance to form the LC tank circuit is that no additional discrete circuitry is required to provide the antenna with an effective area greater than its physical area. More important, the use of the LC tank circuit means that use of magnetic films around each antenna conductor is not required. This simplifies the production of the antenna on a chip and potentially allows the design of ultra-small antenna on a chip.
  • U.S. patent 6,289,237 discloses apparatus and a related method for energizing a remote station from a base station through the use of a suitable type of transmitted energy including RF power wherein the remote station does not contain a source of stored energy or a wired connection to a source of energy.
  • Microprocessor controllers may be provided on the base station and remote station.
  • a method and associated apparatus which may be of small size and be structured to provide remote energizing of power storage devices employing RF energy preferably wherein the RF energy is within the frequency ranges employed in wireless fidelity (WiFi).
  • the apparatus incorporates at least one antenna on the remote device which contains the power storage device which has an effective area greater than its physical one antenna in order to facilitate harvesting energy.
  • small remote power charger device and associated method that have a means for receipt of transmitted energy from the environment and energizing power storage devices wherein the power charger device is not dependent on inductive charging.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a recharging apparatus constructed and employable with the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of ambient energy recharging apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • Figures 3a and 3b are, respectively, elevational and cross-sectional illustrations of an antenna on a remote station that has been printed.
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of an experimental system.
  • wireless fidelity standards means the
  • a preferred wireless fidelity frequency for the present invention falls within the range of about 2.4 to 5.0 gigahertz.
  • wireless fidelity products shall refer to devices having a remote station which employs a power storage device for energizing the same and is structured for wireless operation with products including, but not limited to, laptop computers, computer notebooks, PDAs, satellite radios and digital cameras.
  • the term embraces a number of hand held electronic products.
  • in space means that energy or signals are being transmitted through the air or similar medium regardless of whether the transmission is within or partially within an enclosure, as contrasted with transmission of electrical energy by a hard wired or printed circuit boards.
  • an apparatus and associated method for remote energizing of power storage devices comprises a base station (2) and a remote station (4).
  • the base station (2) has means for transmitting energy (30) in space to the remote station (4).
  • the transmission of energy (30) can be through RF within wireless fidelity standards.
  • the remote station (4) has antenna 100 for receipt of the transmitted energy (30) and converting the transmitted energy by circuitry (102) into DC power for energizing the power storage device (150) on the object of interest.
  • the receipt of the transmitted energy (30) on the remote station (4) of this invention is through one or more antennae (100) on the remote station (2) wherein at least one antenna (20) has an effective antenna area (22) greater than its physical area (21).
  • the effective area (22) of the antenna is preferably made greater than its physical area through the use of an LC tank circuit in the antenna.
  • the use of an antenna (100) that has an effective area greater (22) than its physical area (21) enables the creation of small remote stations that can be used to energize small electronic energy storage devices (150) such as wireless fidelity products.
  • the remote station (4) may also include microcozitroller (94) to store, manipulate and transmit information (8) through antenna (110) back to the base station (2).
  • the primary previous use of wireless fidelity has been for wireless transmission of data.
  • the present invention facilitates the elimination of the need for a wired connection between a network and a wireless fidelity product.
  • the prior art use of wireless fidelity devices over an extended period would require the need to physically connect the device to a power source in order to recharge the battery. As a result, the full benefits of wireless fidelity were not achieved.
  • wireless methods are employed to recharge the power source, such as a battery, for example.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus for remote wireless charging employing wireless fidelity frequencies.
  • an apparatus and associated method consist of a small remote station having a means for receipt of ambient RF energy (32) from the non-cooperating environment (208) and energizing power storage devices (150) of wireless fidelity products.
  • the remote station (4) consists of one or more antennae (100) used to harvest the ambient energy (32) and circuitry (102) for converting this ambient energy into DC power for energizing power storage devices (150).
  • the circuitry 102 may effect conversion to DC power by a charge pump, for example, or a one half wave rectifier.
  • the effective area of the antenna (22) is made greater than its physical area (21) through the use of an LC tank circuit in the antenna.
  • the use of an antenna (100) that has an effective area greater (22) than its physical area (21) enables the creation of small remote stations that can be used to energize small electronic energy storage devices (150).
  • the remote station (4) may also include microcontroller (94) to store, manipulate and transmit information (8) back through antenna 110 to a base station (2) (not shown in this Figure).
  • the receipt of the transmitted energy on the remote station is through one or more antennae on the remote station wherein at least one antenna has an effective antenna area greater than its physical area.
  • the effective area of the antenna is made greater than its physical area through the use of an LC tank circuit in the antenna.
  • the use of an antenna that has an effective area greater than its physical area enables the creation of small remote stations that can be used to energize small electronic energy storage devices.
  • Effective area of the antenna refers to the fact that a tuned antenna may have an effective area that is larger than its geometric area. The phenomenon was explained by Reinhold Rudenberg in 1908 [Rudenberg, Reinhold, "Den Empfang Elektrischer Wellen in den Drahtlosen Telegraphie” ("The Receipt of Electric Waves in the Wireless Pressy”) Annalen den Physik IN, 25, 1908, p. 446-466.] and the description has been expanded upon over the years by many other writers.
  • U.S. Patent 5,296,866 teaches making active antennas that have greater effectiveness through use of discrete circuitry.
  • U.S. Patent 4,857,893 discloses the concept of making an antenna on a chip that use magnetic films around each antenna conductor in order to increase the inductance of the coil.
  • One method of producing a remote station of this invention is through a semiconductor production technique that effectively creates a single monolithic chip assembly that includes all of the circuitry necessary to produce a functionally complete remote station.
  • the chip can be in the form of a device selected from a CMOS device and/or a MEMS device.
  • Another method of producing a remote station of this invention is through printing of antenna and all of the circuitry necessary to produce a functionally complete remote station.
  • a printed circuit board antenna that has an effective area greater than its physical area the antenna is shown in Figures 3 a and 3b and can be constructed as follows: a.
  • An antenna is designed with specific electrode and interelectode dimensions (414) so that when covered with, or deposited on, a substrate of appropriate capacitance, an LC "tank” circuit will form.
  • the antenna design is printed onto a non-conductive substrate (plastic film, glass, etc.) (401) using commercially available conductive compositions (i.e., conductive epoxy, conductive ink, etc.).
  • the design (414) may be printed using standard printing techniques such as ink j et, silkscreen, and the like.
  • a film of material (412) that has specific capacitance and insulating properties is printed on top of the antemia. This film (412) will provide the antenna to for the LC "tank" circuit.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 4 was employed to confirm the concept of the present invention.
  • the apparatus in Figure 4 is a board mounted experimental system which has a voltmeter 424 which is connected through electrical leads 440- 442 and 441-444 to terminals of the test unit 428.
  • Antenna 430 is connected to circuitry 434 by electrical lead 450 with cellphone battery 432 being positioned adjacent to the circuitry 434.
  • the voltage on the cellphone battery was increased from 2.888 volts to 2.890 volts which confirms the ability to charge a power source employing wireless fidelity in a wireless manner.
  • the energy harvesting battery charging circuit was designated a 915 MHz as opposed to a 2.5 GHz source, hi addition, the diodes of the charge pump used for the energy harvesting were only specified at approximately 1 GHz. Nevertheless, the experiment confirmed the ability to harvest energy from a wireless fidelity access point to increase the voltage thereby indicating an increase in charge on the battery.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention may advantageously be employed with remote stations of small dimensions although the invention is not so limited.
  • the remote station including the power storage device may have a width of less than about 12 inches, a length of less than about 12 inches and a thickness of less than about 2 inches.
  • the present invention provides a method of energizing a power storage device wherein a source of energy is transmitted from a base station to a remote station.
  • the energy may be RF power within the frequencies of wireless fidelity standards.
  • the antenna receives the energy and the circuitry on the remote station provides for conversion of the energy into DC power which is subsequently delivered to the power storage device.
  • the invention may be employed advantageously in small printed circuit board applications, for example, in circuit boards being of square configuration having a side dimension of about 5 mm to 5 cm.
  • the method and apparatus preferably includes employing as the antenna an antenna formed on an electronic chip or a printed circuit board.
  • the antenna may be formed by printing on a substrate on the remote station, employing conductive and electrically insulating portions.
  • the remote station may employ an LC tank circuit in association with the antenna or in the antenna to establish an effective area of the antenna greater than the physical area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
PCT/US2004/015231 2003-05-20 2004-05-14 Recharging method and associated apparatus Ceased WO2004105157A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006533093A JP2007516686A (ja) 2003-05-20 2004-05-14 リチャージング方法及び関連する装置
EP04752290A EP1636861A4 (en) 2003-05-20 2004-05-14 RE-LOADING PROCESS AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47205203P 2003-05-20 2003-05-20
US60/472,052 2003-05-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004105157A2 true WO2004105157A2 (en) 2004-12-02
WO2004105157A3 WO2004105157A3 (en) 2006-02-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/015231 Ceased WO2004105157A2 (en) 2003-05-20 2004-05-14 Recharging method and associated apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US7403803B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1636861A4 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2007516686A (enExample)
CN (1) CN1868141A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2004105157A2 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2007118911A1 (es) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-25 Jose Luis De La Torre Barreiro Conjunto de bateria de emergencia recargable mediante radiofrecuencia para telefonos móviles
US8544742B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2013-10-01 Legic Idenstsystems Ag Device and method for operating a read/write device
GB2545514A (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-21 Zwipe As One-time password device
US10726115B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2020-07-28 Zwipe As Biometric device

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US20060058076A1 (en) 2006-03-16
US20040259604A1 (en) 2004-12-23
CN1868141A (zh) 2006-11-22
US7403803B2 (en) 2008-07-22
JP2007516686A (ja) 2007-06-21
US7383064B2 (en) 2008-06-03
EP1636861A4 (en) 2007-06-27
WO2004105157A3 (en) 2006-02-16
EP1636861A2 (en) 2006-03-22

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