WO2004099087A1 - Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004099087A1 WO2004099087A1 PCT/EP2004/004907 EP2004004907W WO2004099087A1 WO 2004099087 A1 WO2004099087 A1 WO 2004099087A1 EP 2004004907 W EP2004004907 W EP 2004004907W WO 2004099087 A1 WO2004099087 A1 WO 2004099087A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nitrate
- liter
- reverse osmosis
- wastewater
- nitrates
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical class [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
- B01D61/026—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration comprising multiple reverse osmosis steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
- C02F1/385—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation by centrifuging suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the treatment of nitrate-containing wastewater.
- metal nitrates or nitric acid are used throughout the manufacturing process. Larger amounts of nitrates enter the wastewater as waste products and - if they are not removed - into the receiving water.
- Nitrates contribute to the eutrophication of waters in rivers and lakes. Therefore, in the EU and some other countries of the world, nitrate levels in rivers and lakes are limited, both in concentration and in freight (quantity). Attempts have already been made in various ways to remove nitrates from waste water, whereby the nitrate ion has been reduced to harmless nitrogen.
- the nitrate decomposition is chemically a redox reaction, according to the reaction equation
- the nitrogen of the nitrate is reduced to gaseous nitrogen. It takes up 5 electrons, which must be supplied by a reducing agent, i. depending on how many electrons a reducing agent provides, from the reducing agent up to five times the molar amount of nitrogen may be necessary.
- a reducing agent i. depending on how many electrons a reducing agent provides, from the reducing agent up to five times the molar amount of nitrogen may be necessary.
- the pH increases during the reaction, so it must be - e.g. to keep the environmental conditions of the bacteria constant - be kept neutral by adding acid.
- a special case of removing nitrates from wastewater is the most frequently used biological denitrification in practice. This method is based on the degradation (reduction) of nitrate by suitable bacteria.
- nitrate can also be reduced in electrolysis cells instead of hydrogen. This produces nitrogen oxides (NO x ). These gases are toxic and must be further processed to nitric acid or catalytically reduced to nitrogen with ammonia.
- the technology used here is based on two steps: The first step involves raw water treatment with an ion exchanger. In the filter material of the ion exchanger, the nitrate is absorbed and later enriched in Filter Jardinwasser.
- the second step comprises the rinsing water treatment with an electrolysis cell, wherein the im Water dissolved nitrate is reduced and outgassed as elemental nitrogen.
- the concentration range in which the reverse osmosis can be useful for electrolyte solutions is about 35 g nitrate nitrogen / liter. In the area of higher concentrations, the maximum working pressure of the module currently limits the applicability of reverse osmosis.
- the plant consists essentially of a pump that brings the waste water to the required pressure; from a fine filter, filters to remove particles that could deposit on the membrane; consisting mostly of several closed units with the semipermeable membranes (modules) and a control valve that regulates the outflow of the concentrate and the maintenance of the working pressure.
- modules semipermeable membranes
- semipermeable membranes extremely thin films were developed with 0.2 to 0.5 microns thick, which are supported by a porous support material of about 100 microns thick.
- the semipermeable membranes are usually made of cellulose acetate or polyamide. Many modules are assembled into a technical system.
- JP 2002/018486 A a method for the removal of nitrates from water by reverse osmosis is known.
- the concentrate-enriched nitrate is converted to molecular nitrogen by the addition of denitrifying bacteria and organic substances such as methanol. not recovered.
- AI is known from DE 199 01 571 ⁇ a method for the separation of ammonium nitrate-containing condensate waste water by reverse osmosis known, whereby a concentrate and a permeate is obtained in several steps.
- the permeate can be reused as process water, while the ammonium nitrate-enriched concentrate is returned to an evaporator, ie, the initial process.
- the return of the ammonium nitrate in the initial process is not possible, for example, if the nitrates in the wastewater do not correspond to the nitrates in the process.
- the method is not concerned with the treatment of waste water containing alkali and / or alkaline earth nitrates together with interfering substances.
- JP 54117150 A a process for the desalting of nitrate-containing wastewater by reverse osmosis or electrodialysis is known.
- the desalinated water with a low nitrate concentration is reused.
- the metal compounds contained in the waste water are removed by neutralization with alkali prior to desalination.
- the nitrate-containing concentrate is further concentrated in an evaporator, whereupon an inorganic acid is added.
- the nitric acid produced by double reaction is subjected to solvent extraction with a neutral phosphoric acid ester. Then, the solvent is added with water to obtain pure nitric acid in the aqueous phase.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for the treatment of nitrate-containing effluents containing nitrates in addition to interfering substances, the process is cheaper due to the recovery of nitrates as the known method for removing nitrates from waste water.
- the invention thus relates to a process for the treatment of alkali or Erdalkalinitrat practisen wastewater; the process is characterized in that the effluents, which in addition to the nitrates still St ⁇ rsubstanzen contain, after a pre-cleaning to remove the solid or suspended solids and / or non-alkali metal compounds and / or carbonate ions by at least one reverse osmosis and / or electrodialysis optionally, the concentrate further concentrated and the nitrates in the form of a concentrated solution or in the form of solid salts wins.
- Under interfering substances is meant on one hand substances which sm ⁇ se- the semipermeable membranes in the Umledgeo 'and can damage electrodialysis cells. These include solid and suspended matter that can clog the channels of the semipermeable membranes. On the other hand, these include substances that can contaminate the end product. These include primarily carbonates and ammonium or heavy metal compounds.
- the process according to the invention is preferably used for obtaining alkali nitrates, in particular sodium nitrate.
- alkali nitrates in particular sodium nitrate.
- potassium nitrate or lithium nitrate can be obtained, the latter being obtained in the treatment of lithium batteries in contaminated form.
- non-alkali metal compounds in particular compounds which are not alkaline earth metal compounds, in particular heavy metal compounds, are removed by the process according to the invention.
- the pre-cleaning can be carried out in one or more stages.
- filtration a distinction is made between ordinary filtration, and ultrafiltration or microfiltration through fine-pored membranes.
- the flocculation is used primarily in poorly filterable suspended solids.
- the precipitated flakes can then be filtered off.
- the separation of non-alkali metal compounds, such as the heavy metal compounds can be done by precipitation of insoluble compounds, such as hydroxides, oxide hydrates and carbonates or bicarbonates.
- the precipitated substances can then be removed like the solids, ie by sedimentation, filtration, centrifuging, cyclone separation or flocculation.
- the solution is subjected to nanofiltration or ion exchange.
- ion exchangers in the alkali or H form.
- the solution is slightly acidified with nitric acid (for example, to a pH of 4 to 5), whereby carbon dioxide is expelled from the solution.
- the acidified solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution and passed through ion exchangers in the H-form and neutralized again. This removes the remaining traces of heavy metals.
- the solution is then, if necessary, cooled to below 30 ° C, as thus sets for the subsequent reverse osmosis or dialysis treatment a more favorable balance.
- the inventive method allows the treatment of waste water with a high content of nitrates, eg of more than 200 mg nitrate nitrogen / liter.
- concentration of nitrate nitrogen is not limited to the top and depends practically only on what pressure the membrane cells can still endure or what energy expenditure for the production of the os otic Pressure economically still considered justifiable.
- the reverse osmosis or the electrodialysis are preferably carried out in multiple stages, the concentrate and permeate streams are generally carried out in opposite directions, so that on the one hand as salt-free permeates and on the other hand highly concentrated concentrates are obtained.
- the reverse osmosis is carried out at high pressure.
- the at least one reverse osmosis cell is operated at a pressure of more than 30 bar, preferably more than 55 bar, in particular more than 80 bar.
- the pressure ranges are limited only by the stability of the osmosis cell or the performance of the pump.
- the pressure is preferably selected within a range of 30 to 250 bar, preferably 55 to 180 bar, particularly preferably 80 to 120 bar.
- the reverse osmosis cells are preferably operated at different pressures.
- the pressure is adjusted to the concentration of nitrate-containing wastewater.
- the highly concentrated nitrate-containing concentrates are further evaporated to obtain the solid nitrates. These are distributed as commercial products. But it is also possible to bring the highly concentrated nitrate solutions on the market.
- the process according to the invention is far less expensive than the denitrification process.
- Another cost factor in the denitrification process is the disposal of the bacterial mass as sewage sludge.
- the reaction solution becomes alkaline according to the equation given above, so that the hydroxyl ions must be neutralized by acid. This leads to an increase in the salt load.
- denitrification produces nitrous oxide (N 2 O), which is undesirable as a greenhouse gas.
- the process according to the invention has none of these disadvantages.
- the operating costs are reduced by the fact that the resulting nitrates in pure form are suitable as salable products.
- Fig. 1 shows the overall process with pre-cleaning and reverse osmosis or electrodialysis.
- a typical wastewater from the ... production has, for example, the following composition:
- Heavy metals (as a total) 0.0 to 10 g / liter
- all metals except the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are to be considered as heavy metals, preferably Fe, .Ni, Co, Cu, Al, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr.
- NH 4 + or N0 2 " may be present in traces.
- the selection of the suitable process or the suitable process combination depends essentially on the expected amount of insoluble solids.
- the pH is lowered so far that C0 2 escapes. It is then neutralized with alkali or alkaline earth liquor (depending on the nitrate to be recovered, eg sodium nitrate with sodium nitrate), once more possibly resulting solid is separated, cooled to below 30 ° C and still present in the solution of heavy metals via an ion exchanger away.
- alkali or alkaline earth liquor depending on the nitrate to be recovered, eg sodium nitrate with sodium nitrate
- Fig. 2 shows a plant with five reverse osmosis cells (UOl, U02, U03, U04 and U05). From the collecting tank 1 is pumped via the pump 2, which generates an operating pressure of 60 bar, a NaN0 3 solution with a concentration of 42 g / liter in the first reverse osmosis cell UOl.
- the NaN0 3 solution represents a recycled concentrate solution from the third reverse osmosis cell U03 (9).
- a permeate is passed via a line 3 with a NaN0 3 - content of 11 g / liter in a sump 4.
- a "mean filtrate" purified wastewater from the pre-purification stage with average concentration of NaN0 3
- a concentrate from the fourth reverse osmosis cell U04 passed with a NaN0 3 concentration of 9 g / liter.
- the solution mixture from the collecting container 4 is pumped by means of the pump 7 under a pressure of 55 bar via the line 8 into the third reverse osmosis cell U03. From the U03 a concentrate with a NaN0 3 - content of 42 g / liter is passed into the container 1 via line 9.
- the container 11 In the container 11 'is called the "concentrate filtrate" (purified waste water from the pre-purification stage with high NaN0 3 concentration (NaN0 3 content 90 g / liter) was passed through the conduit 12th is removed from the container 11, the mixed solution using the pump 13 is passed into the second reverse osmosis cell U02, which is operated at a pressure of 80 to 120.
- the concentrate with a NaN0 3 content of 160 g / liter is passed via the line 14 to an evaporator, in which solid sodium nitrate is recovered becomes.
- the permeate from the stage U02 with a NaN0 3 concentration of 33 g / liter is passed via line 15 into the line 3 and from there into the collecting container 4.
- the permeate from the reverse osmosis stage U03 (NaN0 3 content 3 g / liter) is passed via the line 16 into the collecting container 17 and from this via a pump 18 (30 bar) in the reverse osmosis stage U04.
- a concentrate with a NaN0 3 concentration of 9 g / liter passes via the line 6 into the collecting container 4.
- the permeate from the stage U04 passes via the line 19 into the collecting container 21 and from there via the pump 22 (30 bar) in the reverse osmosis stage U05, where it is divided into a concentrate with a NaN0 3 content of 9 g / liter (which flows via line 20 into the reverse osmosis stage U04), and into a permeate.
- the permeate has a NaN0 3 concentration of 0.3 g / liter and can safely be introduced via the line 23 into the receiving water or used as process water.
- FIG. 1 An installation for concentrating the purified wastewater coming from the pre-purification stage of FIG. 1 by electrodialysis is shown in FIG.
- This shows an exemplary embodiment in which the high-pressure reverse osmosis cell U02 is replaced by an electrodialysis cell ED, into which the concentrate is introduced without pressure from the collecting container 11, i. it lacks the pump 13 of FIG. Second
- the remaining stages remain as reverse osmosis levels.
- the attainable with the electrodialysis NaN0 3 concentration is in the range of about 200 g / liter, ie in the same range as in reverse osmosis.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT04731621T ATE444939T1 (de) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern |
EP04731621A EP1620363B1 (de) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern |
DE502004010197T DE502004010197D1 (de) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern |
PL04731621T PL1620363T3 (pl) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Sposób uzdatniania ścieków zawierających azotany |
DK04731621T DK1620363T3 (da) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Fremgangsmåde til behandling af nitratholdigt spildevand |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10320368.0 | 2003-05-07 | ||
DE10320368A DE10320368A1 (de) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen Abwässern |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004099087A1 true WO2004099087A1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
Family
ID=33394244
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/004907 WO2004099087A1 (de) | 2003-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen abwässern |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1620363B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE444939T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10320368A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1620363T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL1620363T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004099087A1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1914203A1 (de) | 2006-10-09 | 2008-04-23 | LK Metallwaren GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abwässern einer Metallgießerei |
EP2110363A1 (de) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-21 | Veolia Eau - Compagnie Generale Des Eaux | Mobile Anlage und Verfahren zur Behandlung wässriger Ströme aus einem Dampferzeuger oder entstanden durch Reinigung davon |
EP2216088A1 (de) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-11 | Lonza Ltd. | Rückgewinnung von Produktverlusten aus ED-Abfallströmen |
ITVR20100127A1 (it) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-24 | Alghisi Paolo | Impianto e procedimento per l'estrazione di azoto ammoniacale da reflui liquidi, particolarmente per la riduzione della quantita' di refluo destinata allo spandimento |
WO2020127571A1 (de) | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | H.C. Starck Tungsten Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von ammoniummetawolframat |
CN111875125A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-03 | 成都泓润科技有限公司 | 结合膜分离与电渗析的废水处理方法 |
CN112607926A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种硝酸钠废水资源化处理系统及方法 |
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EP0051104A1 (de) * | 1980-11-03 | 1982-05-12 | Josef van Opbergen GmbH & Co KG | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von insbesondere nitrathaltigem Wasser |
US4983302A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1991-01-08 | Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foldgaz Kiserleti Intezet | Complex preparation-process for decreasing the non-radioactive salt content of waste solutions of nuclear power stations |
US6461514B1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2002-10-08 | Riad A. Al-Samadi | High water recovery single stage membrane process |
Family Cites Families (4)
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DE3619086A1 (de) * | 1986-06-06 | 1987-12-10 | Klaus Prof Dr Kock | Verfahren zum entsalzen von wasserhaltigen loesungen, vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung desselben sowie deren verwendung |
CH677325A5 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1991-05-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
JPH0866686A (ja) * | 1994-08-29 | 1996-03-12 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | 廃液等の被処理液の処理方法とその装置 |
DE19901571A1 (de) * | 1999-01-16 | 2000-07-20 | Uwatech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Trennung von ammoniumnitrathaltigem Kondensat-Abwasser in zwei wiederverwendbare flüssige Anteile |
-
2003
- 2003-05-07 DE DE10320368A patent/DE10320368A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-07 EP EP04731621A patent/EP1620363B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-07 DE DE502004010197T patent/DE502004010197D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-07 AT AT04731621T patent/ATE444939T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-07 DK DK04731621T patent/DK1620363T3/da active
- 2004-05-07 PL PL04731621T patent/PL1620363T3/pl unknown
- 2004-05-07 WO PCT/EP2004/004907 patent/WO2004099087A1/de active Application Filing
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EP0051104A1 (de) * | 1980-11-03 | 1982-05-12 | Josef van Opbergen GmbH & Co KG | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von insbesondere nitrathaltigem Wasser |
US4983302A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1991-01-08 | Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foldgaz Kiserleti Intezet | Complex preparation-process for decreasing the non-radioactive salt content of waste solutions of nuclear power stations |
US6461514B1 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2002-10-08 | Riad A. Al-Samadi | High water recovery single stage membrane process |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1914203A1 (de) | 2006-10-09 | 2008-04-23 | LK Metallwaren GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abwässern einer Metallgießerei |
EP2110363A1 (de) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-21 | Veolia Eau - Compagnie Generale Des Eaux | Mobile Anlage und Verfahren zur Behandlung wässriger Ströme aus einem Dampferzeuger oder entstanden durch Reinigung davon |
FR2930246A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-23 | Veolia Eau Cie Generale Des Ea | Procede de traitement des effluents aqueux de purge ou de nettoyage des circuits de generateurs de vapeur et unite mobile permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
US8679342B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2014-03-25 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Method of treating water effluent from purging or cleaning steam generator circuits, and a mobile unit enabling the method to be implemented |
EP2216088A1 (de) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-11 | Lonza Ltd. | Rückgewinnung von Produktverlusten aus ED-Abfallströmen |
ITVR20100127A1 (it) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-24 | Alghisi Paolo | Impianto e procedimento per l'estrazione di azoto ammoniacale da reflui liquidi, particolarmente per la riduzione della quantita' di refluo destinata allo spandimento |
WO2020127571A1 (de) | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | H.C. Starck Tungsten Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von ammoniummetawolframat |
CN113165901A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-07-23 | H.C.施塔克钨业股份有限公司 | 偏钨酸铵的制备方法 |
JP2022515332A (ja) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-02-18 | ハー.ツェー.スタルク タングステン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | メタタングステン酸アンモニウムの製造方法 |
CN111875125A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-03 | 成都泓润科技有限公司 | 结合膜分离与电渗析的废水处理方法 |
CN112607926A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-06 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种硝酸钠废水资源化处理系统及方法 |
WO2022143014A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-07-07 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种硝酸钠废水资源化处理系统及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1620363B1 (de) | 2009-10-07 |
DE10320368A1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
DK1620363T3 (da) | 2009-12-14 |
ATE444939T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
EP1620363A1 (de) | 2006-02-01 |
PL1620363T3 (pl) | 2010-03-31 |
DE502004010197D1 (de) | 2009-11-19 |
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