WO2004086553A2 - 共振器、共振器の製造方法、フィルタ、デュプレクサおよび通信装置 - Google Patents
共振器、共振器の製造方法、フィルタ、デュプレクサおよび通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004086553A2 WO2004086553A2 PCT/JP2004/001378 JP2004001378W WO2004086553A2 WO 2004086553 A2 WO2004086553 A2 WO 2004086553A2 JP 2004001378 W JP2004001378 W JP 2004001378W WO 2004086553 A2 WO2004086553 A2 WO 2004086553A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/08—Strip line resonators
- H01P7/082—Microstripline resonators
Definitions
- Resonator Method for manufacturing resonator, filter, duplexer, and communication device
- the present invention relates to a resonator, a method for manufacturing a resonator, a filter, a duplexer, and a communication device used in wireless communication and transmission / reception of electromagnetic waves, for example, in a microwave band or a millimeter wave band.
- a hairpin resonator As a resonator used in a microwave band to a millimeter wave band, a hairpin resonator described in JP-A-6-193332 is known.
- the hereby resonator is a resonator in which a microstrip line is formed in a hairpin shape.
- a ring-shaped resonator is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-298022.
- This ring-type resonator is a ring-type resonator that blocks harmonic frequencies.
- a spiral line formed by a microstrip line and a spiral resonator formed by a capacitor are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-9642.
- the inventions described in JP-A-62-193332 and JP-A-62-298202 are all small in size because the capacity added to the open end is small. The effect of conversion is small.
- the resonator has a microstrip line as its basic structure.
- the basic structure of a resonator is a structure in which a microstrip line is bent into a hairpin shape or a link shape, and a capacitance is added to an adjacent tip.
- microstrip line consists of two conductors, one on the signal line (hot) side and the other on the ground conductor (earth) side. If there is no ground conductor, it will not operate as a resonator. Microst Since the lip line is used as a prototype, the distribution of magnetic field energy spreads around the electrode, making it difficult to combine it with a small-area thin-film electrode for loss reduction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resonator having a desired conductor Q that can be easily reduced in size and that is suitable for the manufacturing cost, an apparatus including the resonator, and a manufacturing method thereof. Disclosure of the invention
- a resonator according to the present invention is a resonator including one or a plurality of annular resonance units formed of one or more conductor lines, and the resonance unit includes a capacitive region and an inductive region.
- the conductor line has a capacitive region in which one end overlaps the other end of the conductor line or the end of another conductor line constituting the same resonance unit via a dielectric layer in the thickness direction. It has a formed structure.
- the capacitive region acts as a capacitive element, and each conductor line operates as a half-wavelength line with both ends open.
- the ends of the conductor lines that are close to each other in the thickness direction via the dielectric layer are made to function as necessary capacitance elements within a limited occupied area.
- a plurality of the resonance units are arranged substantially concentrically inward and outward along a surface on the substrate and not intersecting with each other.
- the resonator according to the present invention has a structure in which the width or thickness of each of the plurality of conductor lines is gradually reduced from substantially the center in the inside and outside directions to the inside and outside. This structure enhances the loss reduction effect on the edge effect.
- the resonator according to the present invention has the above-mentioned resonance unit formed on a side surface of a columnar or cylindrical base. This structure enables application to cylindrical surfaces.
- the resonator according to the present invention has a structure in which the width or the thickness of each conductor line of the resonance unit formed on the side surface of the columnar or cylindrical base is gradually reduced from substantially the center to the outside in a direction parallel to the generatrix of the base. And This structure enhances the loss reduction effect on the edge effect.
- the resonator according to the present invention has a structure in which the distance between the conductor lines adjacent to each other in the width direction is approximately equal to or less than the skin depth of the conductor line. With this structure, the skin effect and the edge effect are alleviated and the Q of the resonator is increased.
- the resonator according to the present invention has a structure in which the dielectric layer is provided in a range covering the entirety of the conductor line, and a plurality of the resonance units are arranged in a thickness direction via a dielectric layer.
- the overall size can be reduced, and the multilayer substrate can be manufactured using a manufacturing method.
- the line width of the conductor line is partially or entirely formed to be about the skin depth of the conductor line or smaller than the skin depth. This structure enhances the loss reduction effect due to the edge effect.
- the dielectric constant or the thickness of a portion of the dielectric layer that is close to the ends of the conductor lines in the thickness direction is made different for each capacitive region.
- the area of each capacitive region can be made substantially equal, and the present invention can be applied to the case where the dimension of the capacitive region in the plane direction is restricted by design.
- the capacitance of the capacitive region of the resonance unit disposed on the outermost side in the thickness direction is larger than the capacitance of the capacitive region of the other resonance units.
- the capacitance of the capacitive region is configured to be larger as the resonance unit is disposed outside in the thickness direction. Also in this configuration, when looking at the lamination cross section of a plurality of resonance units arranged in a lamination, a magnetic field generated due to a current flowing through the inductive region of another layer is a magnetic field locally circulating in the capacitive region. And the magnetic field tends to be distributed so as to surround the entire laminated conductor line, and the no-load Q of the resonator is improved.
- a filter according to the present invention includes: a resonator having any one of the above configurations; and a signal input / output unit formed on the substrate and coupled to the resonator. With this structure, miniaturization and low insertion loss are achieved.
- the duplexer according to the present invention is configured by using the above filter as a transmission filter or a reception filter or as both filters. This will reduce insertion loss.
- a communication device includes at least one of the above-described filter and duplexer. As a result, the input loss of the RF transmission / reception unit is reduced, and the communication quality such as noise characteristics and transmission speed is improved.
- the manufacturing direction of the resonator according to the present invention is such that a pattern made of a conductive paste is formed on a dielectric sheet by a thick film printing method, a dielectric sheet having the pattern is laminated, and further fired, In front of the dielectric sheet The dielectric layer is formed, and the conductor line is formed by the conductive portion.
- the multilayer substrate is manufactured by using the manufacturing method. Ffl simple description of the park
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of the resonator according to the first embodiment.
- Figure 2 shows the electric field distribution near both ends of the conductor line of the resonator and the current distribution on the conductor line.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a resonator according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of another resonator according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a resonator according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of another resonator according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of the resonator according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of another resonator according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a filter according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of the resonator according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conductor line of each layer of the resonator according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distribution of the current flowing through the conductor lines of each layer of the resonator according to the tenth embodiment and the Q of the resonator.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a magnetic field distribution in a laminated portion of a plurality of conductor lines.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration of a capacitive region of a plurality of stacked resonance units.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the configuration of the resonator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonance element used for the resonator.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a structure for analyzing characteristics of the resonator.
- Figure 21 is a diagram showing the configuration of a multi-wire model of the resonator and a reference model for comparison, and the relationship between the current ratio of the multi-wire to a single wire and the Q of the resonator.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the magnetic field distribution of the reference single-wire model.
- Figure 23 shows an example of the magnetic field distribution example of the multi-wire model
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a configuration of the resonator according to the 12th embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the duplexer and the communication device according to the 13th embodiment.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a configuration of a resonator according to a first embodiment, wherein FIG. 1A is a top view, and FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view thereof.
- This resonator includes a substrate 1 made of dielectric or insulating ceramics, a conductor line 2 formed on the upper surface thereof, and a dielectric layer 3. No ground electrode is formed on the surface (lower surface) of the substrate 1 opposite to the surface on which the conductor line 2 is formed.
- the conductor line 2 has a constant line width, and the capacitive region 4 is formed by overlapping one end and the other end in the thickness direction with the dielectric layer 3 interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of the resonator.
- (A) in FIG. 2 shows four positions A, B, D, and E where both ends of the conductor line overlap each other via the dielectric layer 3. These four positions A, B, D, and E correspond to the symbols shown in Fig. 1 (A).
- the center position in the longitudinal direction of the conductor line 2 is indicated by C.
- (B) of FIG. 2 shows the intensity distribution of the current flowing through the conductor line 2.
- the vertical axis of (B) in FIG. 2 is the current intensity
- the horizontal axis is the position on the conductor line 2.
- the electric field concentrates on portions of the conductor line 2 that are close to each other in the thickness direction in the range indicated by both ends A to B and E to D.
- the plus sign and the minus sign conceptually indicate electric charges
- the arrows conceptually indicate lines of electric force.
- An electric field is also distributed between one end of the conductor line 2 and the vicinity of the other end adjacent to the end ( ⁇ ′ to B, D to D ′), and a capacitance is generated also in these portions.
- the length of the conductor line contributing to this capacitance formation in the longitudinal direction is very small.
- the ranges A to B and E to D where both ends of the conductor line 2 overlap are regarded as capacitive regions.
- the current intensity increases sharply from A to B of the conductor line, stays almost constant in the region from B to D, and increases from D to E. Decrease rapidly. Both ends are zero. Regions A to B and D to E where both ends of the conductor line are close to each other in the thickness direction can be called capacitive regions, and other regions B to D can be called inductive regions. A resonance operation is performed by the capacitive region and the conductive region. In other words, if this resonator is regarded as a lumped constant circuit, it constitutes an LC resonance circuit.
- an annular unit having a capacitive region and an inductive region by the conductor line and the dielectric layer as described above is referred to as a resonance unit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the second embodiment.
- the resonator is formed by forming a single conductor line 2 on the substrate 1.
- two conductors are provided on the upper surface of the ceramic substrate 1.
- Lines 2a and 2b are formed.
- a ground electrode is not particularly formed on the lower surface of the substrate 1.
- the ends of the two conductor lines 2a and 2b are overlapped by a predetermined area via a dielectric layer to form capacitive regions 4a and 4b, similarly to the structure shown in FIG. I have.
- the conductor lines 2a and 2b are arranged concentrically along the surface of the substrate 1 and in a non-intersecting relationship.
- Each conductor line acts as a half-wave line with both ends open. Moreover, in this example, one conductor line forms one resonance unit.
- each conductor line induces a magnetic field distribution similar to the circular TE01 ⁇ mode. That is, the magnetic field is distributed around the rz plane, where the ⁇ axis is in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 1 and the r direction is r in the radial direction along the surface of the substrate 1, and is axially symmetric.
- the value of the current flowing through the conductor line of each resonance unit is determined in proportion to the capacitance when the conductor line makes one round.
- the current amplitude arrangement is determined in the form of an eigenvalue problem in which the self-induction amount of each resonance unit, the mutual induction amount between different resonance units, and the capacitance of each resonance unit are related. The procedure for designing this conductor line is as follows.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the third embodiment.
- one capacitive area and one inductive area are provided for each resonance unit, but multiple sets of capacitive areas and inductive areas are provided in one resonance unit. It may be provided.
- Figure 4 is an example.
- two sets of capacitive regions are formed by overlapping both ends of the conductor line 2a with each end of the conductor line 2b in a thickness direction over a predetermined area via a dielectric layer. 4a and 4b and inductive regions 2a and 2b, respectively.
- one resonance unit is constituted by one ring resonance unit as a whole
- four conductor lines 2a to 2d are formed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and one of them is formed. The ends are arranged in order so as to overlap the ends of the other conductor lines in the thickness direction via the dielectric layer.
- one resonator is formed by one annular resonance unit including four sets of capacitive regions and inductive regions.
- three conductor lines can be formed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 to form a resonance unit including three sets of capacitive regions and inductive regions. Furthermore, five conductor lines are formed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 so that five or more pairs of capacitive regions and inductive regions are formed. It is also possible to configure a resonance unit including the same.
- a resonance unit having a plurality of sets of capacitive regions and inductive regions can be provided.
- three or more resonance units can be arranged on a concentric circle.
- the line width of each conductor line should be smaller than the skin depth of the conductor line at the operating frequency, and the distance between adjacent conductor lines should be approximately the skin depth of the conductor line. Or narrower. Thereby, the skin effect and the edge effect can be effectively reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a resonator according to the fourth embodiment.
- (A) is a top view
- (B) is a cross-sectional view of AA section in (A).
- a plurality of resonance units having a pair of capacitive regions and an inductive region are concentrically arranged on the upper surface of a substrate 1 made of ceramics. That is, the capacitive regions 4a to 4f are formed by overlapping the ends of the conductor lines 2a to 2f in the thickness direction with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
- each of these conductor lines 2a to 2f is gradually reduced from the center in the inward and outward directions to the inner IS (center o direction of the concentric circle) and the outer OS (direction away from the center o of the concentric circle). ing.
- the line width of each conductor line is set to a dimension equal to or less than the skin depth of the conductor line at the operating frequency, and the skin depth of the conductor line is set between the adjacent conductor lines of the conductor lines 2a to 2f. To a small extent or less. Thereby, the skin effect and the edge effect can be efficiently reduced.
- the line width of each conductor line is determined so that the Q of the resonator becomes higher by optimally controlling the current flowing through each conductor line. The design requirements for that are as follows.
- the problem of optimal design is to set the width of each conductor line to be divided according to the distribution of current amplitude and the density distribution of magnetic field energy, and to provide an appropriate arrangement of current amplitude.
- the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric layer of each of the capacitive regions 4a to 4f are equal, but if the dielectric constant or the thickness of the dielectric layer is different for each capacitive region, You may let it.
- the present invention can be applied to the case where the dimension in the surface direction of the substrate 1 is restricted by design by making the area of each capacitive area substantially equal or reducing the size of the capacitive area toward the inner side of the concentric circle. It is possible. Therefore, the overall size can be further reduced.
- FIG. 6 differs from FIG. 5 in the arrangement of the capacitive regions of each resonance unit. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the capacitive regions 4 a to 4 f are arranged close to each other such that the capacitive regions 4 a to 4 f are arranged on a straight line o--L extending in one direction from the center o of each of the annular resonance units. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the capacitive areas 4a to 4f of each resonance unit are dispersedly arranged so as not to be aligned on the straight line. Even with such a structure, the same operation and effect can be obtained by each resonance unit resonating at substantially the same frequency, and a resonator having a high Q can be obtained.
- each line width of the plurality of conductor lines is gradually reduced from the center toward the inside and the outside in the inward and outward directions.
- R c approximate center
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a resonator according to a fifth embodiment.
- the upper part of (D) is a top view of the resonator, and the lower part is a cross-sectional view of the AA section.
- (A) to (C) show the state at each stage of the manufacturing process of the resonator.
- the upper part of these drawings is a top view of each member, and the lower part is a cross-sectional view of them.
- (A) is a substrate 1 made of an insulating or dielectric ceramic.
- (B) is a first-layer dielectric sheet 5a, on which conductor lines 21a, 21b, 21c are formed, respectively.
- (C) is the second dielectric sheet 5b.
- the conductor lines 22a, 22b, and 22c are formed on the upper surface, respectively.
- Each conductor line 2 1 a, 2 1 b, 2 1 c formed on the dielectric sheet 5 a both ends, each of the conductor lines 22 a s 22 b, 22 c formed on a dielectric sheet one bets 5 b At both ends, a pattern is formed so as to overlap with the dielectric sheet 5b therebetween.
- This dielectric sheet 5b acts as a dielectric layer.
- These dielectric sheets 5a and 5b are composed of ceramic green sheets, and the dielectric sheets 5a and 5b are sequentially laminated on the substrate 1.
- the conductor lines 2 la, 21 b, 21 c, 22 a, 22 b, 22 c and the dielectric layer (dielectric sheet) 5 b) constitute three resonance units with two capacitive and inductive regions, respectively.
- the resonator can be manufactured by forming the dielectric layers by the dielectric sheets and laminating the dielectric sheets on which the conductor lines are formed, that is, by the method of manufacturing the multilayer substrate.
- FIG. 8 shows a resonator configured by laminating a plurality of dielectric sheets.
- FIG. 3B is a top view of each dielectric sheet, and FIG.
- Conductive lines 21 to 26 are formed on the dielectric sheets 5a to 5f of the first to sixth layers, respectively.
- the first-layer dielectric sheet 5a is formed with a conductor line 21 having a ring-shaped part with a missing shape.
- Conductive lines 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b, 24a, and 24a, 22b, 23a, 23a, and 23a, respectively, are missing from the second to fifth dielectric sheets 5b to 5e.
- a ring-shaped conductor line 26 with a part missing is formed in the sixth-layer dielectric sheet 5f.
- the conductor lines that form a ring shape overlap each other in the thickness direction, but the conductor line patterns are formed so that the missing parts do not overlap in the thickness direction. .
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 21 and 22a overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 22b and 23b overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 23a and 24a overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 24b and 25b overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 25a and 26 overlap.
- the conductor line portion other than the above-mentioned capacitive region acts as an inductive region.
- the first resonance unit that constitutes five resonance units (2 1 + 2 2 a)
- Second resonance unit (2 2 b + 2 3 b)
- the resonance frequency of the resonance unit is determined by the combined capacitance and the combined inductance.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of another resonator.
- the conductor lines of each dielectric sheet shown in FIG. 8 have a triple structure. That is, the conductor lines 21 to 26 are respectively formed on the dielectric sheets 5a to 5f of the first to sixth layers, and three resonance units are formed for each of the two dielectric sheets. ing.
- the relationship between each conductor line and each resonance unit sandwiching the dielectric sheet is as follows.
- the resonator is formed on the flat substrate, but the resonator may be formed on the side surface of the columnar or cylindrical base.
- a conductor line 2 is formed on a side surface of a columnar or cylindrical base 11 and both ends thereof are formed so as to overlap in the thickness direction via a dielectric layer, thereby forming a conductor line.
- Forming Capacitive Region 4 in Part Overlapping Dielectric Layer In FIG. 11, (A) is a front view of the resonator, and (B) is a left side view thereof.
- the conductor lines 2a to 2h are formed on the side surfaces of a cylindrical or cylindrical dielectric substrate 11 and both ends thereof are overlapped in the thickness direction with a dielectric layer interposed therebetween. Regions 4a to 4h are formed.
- the line width of each of the conductor lines 2a to 2h is the same as that of the resonator shown in FIG. In the direction parallel to the drawn straight line) (that is, the direction in which the lines are arranged) from the center to the outside. As a result, the current flowing on each of the conductor lines 2a to 2f can be dispersed well, and the Q of the resonator can be effectively increased.
- the conductor lines shown in the above embodiments include: An electrode material of a normal conductor such as 11-88 can be used.
- the conductor line may be made of a superconductor material. In order for a conductor of a superconductor material to perform superconducting operation, it is necessary to operate at a maximum magnetic field strength equal to or lower than the critical magnetic field intensity and at a maximum electrode density equal to or lower than the critical current density.
- the effect of reducing both the maximum magnetic field strength and the maximum current density is obtained. Therefore, the power durability of the resonator provided with the superconductor conductor line is improved. That is, when a high-power signal exceeding the critical magnetic field strength and critical current density is applied, the superconducting operation stops, and when the critical magnetic field strength and critical current density are exceeded, the high-frequency characteristics dramatically increase. Will change. According to the present invention, since the magnetic field strength and the current density can be effectively reduced, the power durability can be improved accordingly, and a high power resonator can be easily configured.
- FIG. (A) of FIG. 12 is a top view with the cavity removed, (B) is a bottom view thereof, and (C) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A).
- a resonator 10 b is formed on the upper surface of the substrate 1.
- two resonators 10a and 10c are formed on the lower surface of the substrate 1.
- These resonators 10a, 10b, 10c are the same as those shown in FIG. However, in this example, the line width of each conductor line is fixed. Also, for the resonator 10b, the conductor lines 22a to 22e are oval.
- the resonators 10a, 10b, and 10c shown in FIG. 12 are magnetically coupled between adjacent resonators by mutual induction of current.
- the resonator 10a is a first-stage resonator
- the resonator 10b is a second-stage resonator
- the resonator 10c is a third-stage resonator
- the second-stage resonator By making 10b an oval, the interstage coupling between the first and second resonators and the interstage coupling between the second and third resonators are strengthened, respectively.
- the first and third resonators 10a-10c are also coupled (jump-coupled), so that the first and third resonators are jumpy-coupled. Act as a filter consisting of By controlling the magnitude of this jump coupling, the frequency of the attenuation pole that appears near the passband can be adjusted.
- FIG. 13 is a top view with the shielding cap 103 removed
- (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A) with the shielding cap 103 attached.
- a plurality of dielectric sheets each having a conductor line 2 formed on each layer are laminated on the base 102 to form a multilayer substrate 101.
- FIG. 14 shows a resonator formed by laminating a plurality of dielectric sheets forming conductor lines.
- (A) is a top view of each dielectric sheet
- (B) is a top view and a cross-sectional view of the resonator.
- Conductor lines 21 to 25 are formed on the base 102, which is the first layer, and the dielectric sheets 5b to 5e of the second to fifth layers, respectively. To avoid complication of the figure, these conductor lines 21 to 25 are collectively represented as conductor line 2 in FIG.
- the first-layer substrate 102 has a ring-shaped conductor line 21 in which a ring-shaped part is missing.
- the second to fourth layers of the dielectric sheets 5b to 5d have conductor rings 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b, and 2a in which two ring-shaped portions are missing. 4 a and 24 b are formed.
- the fifth-layer dielectric sheet 5e is formed with a ring-shaped conductor line 25 partially missing. Then, the conductor lines having a ring shape as a whole overlap in the thickness direction, but the patterns of the conductor lines are formed so that the missing portions do not overlap in the thickness direction. In this example, a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 21 and 22a overlap.
- a capacitive area is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 22b and 23b overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 23a and 24a overlap.
- a capacitive region is formed at a portion where the conductor lines 24b and 25 overlap.
- the conductor line portion other than the above-mentioned capacitive region acts as an inductive region.
- each resonance unit the two capacitive regions and the two inductive regions are connected in series, so that the resonance frequency of the resonance unit is determined by the combined capacitance and the combined inductance.
- the multilayer substrate 101 formed by laminating the dielectric sheets on which the conductor lines are formed as described above is integrally provided on the upper portion of the base 102 as shown in FIG.
- the shielding electrode 12 is formed from the side surface to the lower surface of the portion and the base 102.
- a shielding cap 103 is attached to the upper part of the multilayer substrate 101, and the shielding cap 101 is electrically connected to the shielding electrode 12. With this structure, the resonator is disposed in a region surrounded by the shielding electrode 12 and the shielding cap 103.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 and FIG. 14 do not specifically show how the capacitance of the capacitive region is determined in each layer. However, in the tenth embodiment, this capacitive region Are made uneven in the thickness direction.
- Fig. 15 shows a resonator with a structure in which resonance units are formed by laminating a ring-shaped conductor line on each dielectric sheet.
- the figure shows the results of simulations in which the distribution of the current flowing through the conductor lines in each layer is determined in multiple ways.
- the vertical axis is the layer number
- the horizontal axis is the current value normalized with the maximum value being 1.0.
- the number of resonance units is eight (therefore, the number of layers of the dielectric sheet and the conductor line is nine), and the normalized current value of each layer is directly set.
- D1 to D5 indicate the current distribution. It is a line.
- a polygonal line D 4 is an example of a current distribution in which the current values of the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are increased, and a current value of the remaining intermediate layer is set smaller.
- a polygonal line D1 represents the current values from the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer to the intermediate layer. This is an example of a gradually reduced current distribution.
- the polygonal lines D2 to D04 are examples of intermediate current distributions interpolated between 01 and D5.
- (A) shows an example in which the difference between the current values of the uppermost layer, the lowermost layer, and the intermediate layer is increased.
- (C) shows an example in which the difference in the current value between the uppermost layer, the lowermost layer, and the intermediate layer is small.
- B) is an intermediate example.
- Q By changing the current value unevenly in the thickness direction, Q changes. Then, the current values are distributed non-uniformly in the thickness direction such that the current values of the outermost layers (uppermost layer and lowermost layer) in the thickness direction are relatively larger than the current values of the other layers (intermediate layers). As a result, Q improves.
- the maximum value of Q is 283. Since the Q when the current values of all layers are equal is 230 in the design value, it can be seen that the Q is improved by 23% in this example.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of the distribution of the magnetic field H in the cross section of the laminated portion of the plurality of conductor lines 21 to 25.
- (A) shows that the current value of the outermost layer (top layer and bottom layer) in the thickness direction is relatively larger than the current value of the other layer (middle layer), as shown in Fig. 15.
- (B) schematically shows the magnetic field distribution when the currents flowing through the conductor lines of each layer are equalized when the current values are unevenly distributed in the thickness direction.
- a plurality of resonance units arranged in a stack are arranged.
- the magnetic field circulating locally decreases, and the magnetic field tends to be distributed so as to surround the entire stacked conductor line.
- Qc 1 is the conductor Q of the outermost layer (the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer) of the stacked conductor lines
- Qc2 is the conductor Q of the other intermediate-layer conductor lines
- Wm1 is the magnetic field energy stored in the outermost layer
- Wm2 is the magnetic field energy stored in the intermediate layer.
- Qc2 is a value approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than Qc1, so that Qc can be improved by reducing the influence of Qc2 compared to Qcl. Therefore, Wm 2 may be reduced.
- the current flowing through the outermost conductor lines 21 and 25 is made relatively larger than the current flowing through the intermediate layer conductor lines.
- the capacitance of the capacitive region of the outermost layer may be made relatively larger than the capacitance of the capacitive region of the intermediate layer.
- Fig. 17 shows three configuration examples for that purpose. Here, a case where six layers of conductor lines are provided as shown in FIG. 8 is shown. Here, respective cross sections of the capacitive regions generated in the uppermost layer UL, the intermediate layer ML, and the lowermost layer BL are shown.
- the opposing area between the lines is set to be larger than the opposing area between the conductor lines constituting the capacitive region of the intermediate layer ML.
- the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C56 of the uppermost layer UL and the capacitive region C12 of the lowermost layer BL is made larger than the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C34 of the intermediate layer ML.
- the dielectric constant of the dielectric sheet sandwiched between the conductive lines constituting the capacitive region of the uppermost layer UL and the lowermost layer BL is determined by the conductor lines constituting the capacitive region of the intermediate layer ML. It is set to be larger than the dielectric constant of the dielectric sheet to be sandwiched. As a result, the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C56 of the uppermost layer UL and the capacitive region C12 of the lowermost layer BL is made larger than the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C34 of the intermediate layer ML.
- the opposing distance between the conductor lines forming the capacitive region of the uppermost layer UL and the lowermost layer BL is set to be smaller than the opposing distance between the conductor lines forming the capacitive region of the intermediate layer ML. ing. This makes the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C56 of the uppermost layer UL and the capacitive region C12 of the lowermost layer BL larger than the capacitance generated in the capacitive region C34 of the intermediate layer ML.
- the current flowing through the conductor line 26 of the uppermost layer UL and the conductor line 21 of the lowermost layer BL is made relatively larger than the current flowing through the conductor line of the intermediate layer, and enters the capacitive region of the intermediate layer. And the no-load Q of the resonator can be improved.
- the capacitive region of the outermost layer and the capacitive region of the other layers are treated separately.
- the thickness and the dielectric constant of each dielectric sheet may be determined, or the facing area of the conductor line of each layer may be determined.
- FIG. 18 is a top view with the shielding cap 103 removed
- (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A) with the shielding cap 103 attached.
- a plurality of dielectric sheets each having a conductor line 2 formed on each layer are laminated on the base 102 to form a multilayer substrate 101.
- the configurations of the base 102 and the multilayer substrate 101 are the same as those shown in FIG. That is, the conductor lines 2 are formed on the upper surface of the base 102 and the plurality of dielectric sheets on the upper surface, respectively, and by laminating them, two capacitive regions and two inductive regions are respectively formed.
- a resonant element 100 is mounted on the upper part of the multilayer substrate 101 by joining at a joint B thereof.
- This resonator element 100 forms a resonator section by forming fine conductor lines on a dielectric substrate 1 made of dielectric ceramic.
- the conductor line of the resonance element 100 and the conductor line 2 formed on the multilayer substrate 101 are inductively coupled to each other close to each other. Therefore, the resonator section formed on the resonance element 100 and the resonator section formed on the multilayer substrate 101 function as one resonator as a whole.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of the resonance element 100.
- (A) is a top view and (B) is a cross-sectional view.
- both ends of the conductor lines 2a ', 2b', 2c ' are close to each other in the width direction, and one end of the conductor lines 2a', 2b ', 2c' And one end of another conductor line adjacent thereto is disposed so as to face each other at a position indicated by G with a predetermined gap.
- This pattern is equivalent to a pattern obtained by partially cutting one spiral conductor line at a predetermined location (the portion indicated by G in the figure).
- the capacitive region (the region indicated by G in the figure) of the resonance unit is formed at a position slightly shifted in the circumferential direction. Therefore, looking at the change in the position of the capacitive region with respect to the change in the radial direction, the capacitive region is formed at a position gradually shifted in the circumferential direction with the change in the radial direction.
- Such conductor lines 2a ', 2b', 2c ' It is formed by photolithography such as a ching method and a lift-off method.
- the conductor line assembly 12 having a large number of lines can be arranged within a limited occupied area, and the entire resonator can be reduced in size.
- the gap between adjacent conductor lines does not increase over the entire length of each conductor line, current concentration due to the edge effect can be reduced over the entire conductor line, and the conductor Q is increased accordingly.
- the conductor line 2 of the multilayer substrate 100 can be manufactured at relatively low cost by thick film printing or the like.
- the fine conductor line 2 ′ of the resonance element 100 can be formed into a very fine conductor line by a thin film microelectrode processing technique.
- the parts that require relatively high dimensional accuracy such as the center part of the resonator, are manufactured using thin-film microelectrode-processed resonant elements, and the other parts are manufactured using a thick-film printing method that can be made relatively inexpensively.
- the overall size and cost can be reduced.
- the degree of freedom in design using a resonant element using fine electrodes and a multilayer substrate increases.
- the interior design of the input / output coupling circuit for this resonator (design of the electrode pattern other than the resonator inside the multilayer substrate 101) can be easily performed using the three-dimensional freedom of the multilayer substrate 101. it can.
- Fig. 20 shows the combination of a single conductor line 2 and a multi-conductor line 2 'of a resonant element 100, and analyzing the Q of the resonator by changing the current ratio of the currents flowing in both.
- the dimensions of each part for performing the operation are shown.
- (B) in Fig. 21 is the analysis model, and (A) is the reference model to be compared. In both figures, the scale of the vertical and horizontal axes and the units of the dimensions in the figures are [mm].
- Fig. 22 shows the magnetic field distribution in the single-wire reference model shown in Fig. 21 (A).
- Fig. 23 shows the magnetic field distribution in the multi-wire model shown in Fig. 21 (B).
- the line width of each conductor line forming the multi-wire 2 ' is 1.3111
- the interval between the conductor lines is 1.3 Atm, which is a total of 38 conductor lines.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the configuration of the resonator according to the twelfth embodiment. This resonator is an example in which one input / output terminal is formed on the one shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24A is a top view with the shielding cap 103 removed
- FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the A—A portion in FIG. 24A with the shielding cap 103 attached
- FIG. I is a right side view.
- an input / output circuit IO is provided on a part of the base 102, and input / output terminals 13 are formed from the bottom to the side.
- This input / output circuit is inductively coupled to a resonator formed on the multilayer substrate 101. Therefore, when this resonator is connected to a predetermined portion of the transmission line, it functions as a trap resonator provided between the connection and the ground.
- FIG. 25A shows the configuration of a duplexer as a thirteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 25A is a block diagram of a duplexer.
- the transmission filter and the reception filter have the configurations shown in FIG. 12 respectively.
- the passbands of the transmission filter TxFIL and the reception filter RxFIL are designed according to the respective bands.
- the phase of the connection to the antenna terminal IO serving as the transmission / reception shared terminal is adjusted so as to prevent the transmission signal from entering the reception filter and the reception signal from entering the transmission filter.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication device.
- the duplexer DUP having the configuration shown in (A) is used.
- a transmitting circuit Tx—CIR and a receiving circuit Rx—CIR are configured, a transmitting circuit Tx—CIR is connected to the transmitting signal input terminal of the duplexer D UP, and Receive circuit Rx—The above circuit base is connected so that CIR is connected and antenna ANT is connected to the antenna terminal.
- one end of the conductor line is replaced with its own other end or the same resonance unit.
- a capacitive region and an inductive region were formed by overlapping in the thickness direction via a dielectric layer on the end of another conductor line to be configured.
- the capacitive region acts as a capacitive element
- each conductor line acts as a half-wavelength line with both ends open.
- the capacitive region functions as a necessary capacitive element within a limited occupied area between the ends of the conductor lines that are close to each other in the thickness direction via the dielectric layer, the overall size can be reduced.
- a plurality of the resonance units are arranged substantially concentrically inward and outward along the surface on the substrate and in a non-intersecting relationship with each other, so that a large number of units can be provided within a limited occupied area.
- the overall size can be reduced.
- it can be provided integrally with a planar substrate that forms another element or circuit.
- the width or thickness of each of the plurality of conductor lines is gradually reduced from substantially the center in the inside and outside directions to the inside and outside, so that the loss reduction effect with respect to the edge effect is enhanced.
- the skin effect and the edge effect are alleviated by reducing the distance between the conductor lines adjacent to each other in the width direction to be equal to or smaller than the skin depth of the conductor line. Q increases.
- the dielectric layer is provided so as to cover the entirety of the conductor line, and a plurality of the resonance units are arranged in a thickness direction with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween. It is possible to reduce the size and manufacture using a multilayer substrate manufacturing method. Further, according to the present invention, by making the capacitance of the capacitive region of the resonance unit disposed on the outermost side in the thickness direction larger than the capacitance of the capacitive region of the other resonance units, a plurality of stacked units are arranged. Looking at the lamination cross section of the resonance unit, the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the inductive region of the other layer locally decreases, and the magnetic field that enters the capacitive region decreases. The no-load Q of the resonator is improved.
- the capacitance of the capacitive region by configuring the capacitance of the capacitive region to be larger as the resonance unit is disposed outside in the thickness direction, the magnetic field entering the capacitive region is reduced as described above.
- the no-load Q of the vessel improves.
- the line width of the conductor line is partially or entirely formed to be about the skin depth of the conductor line or smaller than the skin depth, whereby the loss reduction effect by the edge effect is enhanced.
- the dielectric constant or the thickness of the portion of the dielectric layer that is close to the ends of the conductor lines in the thickness direction is made different for each capacitive region, so that the surface of the capacitive region It is also applicable when the dimension in the direction is subject to design constraints.
- the resonator having the configuration described in any of the above, and the signal input / output means formed on the substrate and coupled to the resonator, miniaturization and low insertion are achieved. Loss can be achieved.
- a filter and a duplexer having a small size and low insertion loss can be obtained.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a communication device in which the insertion loss of the RF transmission / reception unit is reduced and communication quality such as noise characteristics and transmission speed is high.
- a pattern made of a conductive base is formed on a dielectric sheet by a thick film printing method, and the dielectric sheet on which the pattern is formed is laminated and fired, so that the dielectric sheet portion is formed.
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CN103700941A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 惠州硕贝德无线科技股份有限公司 | 一种终端分集接收天线 |
CN110235361A (zh) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-09-13 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Lc谐振器 |
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JP2002208640A (ja) * | 2000-09-23 | 2002-07-26 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | 回路装置 |
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JPS62193303A (ja) * | 1986-02-18 | 1987-08-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高周波用共振器 |
JP2800323B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-10 | 1998-09-21 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高周波用共振器 |
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CN103700941A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 惠州硕贝德无线科技股份有限公司 | 一种终端分集接收天线 |
CN110235361A (zh) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-09-13 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Lc谐振器 |
CN110235361B (zh) * | 2017-01-31 | 2022-12-30 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Lc谐振器 |
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