WO2004079849A1 - Batterie a oxydoreduction a prises de reglage de tension multiples composee de modules de cellules empilees de surface reglable - Google Patents

Batterie a oxydoreduction a prises de reglage de tension multiples composee de modules de cellules empilees de surface reglable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004079849A1
WO2004079849A1 PCT/IT2003/000129 IT0300129W WO2004079849A1 WO 2004079849 A1 WO2004079849 A1 WO 2004079849A1 IT 0300129 W IT0300129 W IT 0300129W WO 2004079849 A1 WO2004079849 A1 WO 2004079849A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cell
electrode
redox flow
positive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2003/000129
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004079849A8 (fr
Inventor
Andrea Zocchi
Krisada Kampanatsanyakorn
Placido Maria Spaziante
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Squirrel Holdings Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Squirrel Holdings Ltd. filed Critical Squirrel Holdings Ltd.
Priority to AU2003219521A priority Critical patent/AU2003219521A1/en
Priority to CNA038263513A priority patent/CN1765027A/zh
Priority to PCT/IT2003/000129 priority patent/WO2004079849A1/fr
Publication of WO2004079849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004079849A1/fr
Publication of WO2004079849A8 publication Critical patent/WO2004079849A8/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2459—Comprising electrode layers with interposed electrolyte compartment with possible electrolyte supply or circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems for storing and/or transforming energy, based on redox flow batteries.
  • Storage batteries and in particular redox flow batteries, are often employed in the exploitation of renewable energy sources, in load leveling, and in the generation 10 and distribution networks of electrical energy.
  • the use of storage batteries is necessary in "stand-alone" photovoltaic (solar) panels systems not connected to any power distribution grid.
  • Redox flow batteries offer many advantages for these types of application compared to other types of storage batteries.
  • redox flow batteries all vanadium batteries, i.e. batteries that employ a 15 vanadium-vanadium redox couple in the negative electrolyte as well as in the positive electrolyte, are particularly advantageous.
  • redox flow batteries it is worth remarking though their suitability to being charged at different charging voltages.
  • intermediate voltage taps along the chain of elementary cells in electrical series that constitute the battery may be used.
  • most appropriate taps are selected for coupling to the recharging voltage source an appropriate number of cells.
  • redox flow battery systems store energy in the electrolyte solutions containing the redox couples (briefly electrolytes) that circulate through the cells and that are stored in separated tanks.
  • the battery represents exclusively the electrochemical device where electrical energy transforms into chemical energy and vice versa, and the electrodes of the cells do not undergo any chemical transformation during charge and discharge processes.
  • the electrical power produced on site must have the same voltage and frequency as the distribution network. This applies for example in all those applications where electrical power produced from renewable energy sources satisfies only partially the local energy demand and the difference is made up by absorbing power from the electrical utility network or, during periods of favorable weather, the electrical power exceeds the demand and the excess is fed into the distribution network.
  • interconnection to the distribution network may increase considerably the exploitation of natural renewable energy sources, allowing the generation of electrical power even under sub-optimal conditions that would not produce the standard electrical voltage and frequency characteristics required by local electrical loads or permit uploading of excess power on the distribution network (in order to gain energy credits).
  • electrical distribution networks and as a consequence electrical machinery and devices, operate with an AC voltage because it is relatively easy to modify using simple static machines such as electrical transformers.
  • batteries typically store and deliver DC electrical power.
  • Prior PCT patent publication No. WO 03/007464 discloses a hybrid inductor-less or transformer- less inverter system based on a redox flow battery provided with a number of intermediate voltage taps established at intervals along the stack of elementary cells composing the battery of elementary cells in electrical series between the two end terminals of the battery.
  • the output AC waveform is reconstructed by sequentially and cyclically switching the intermediate voltage taps on the output line at the desired frequency.
  • Prior PCT patent application No. PCT/IT02/00653 discloses a method and relative structure for efficiently charging a redox flow battery provided with an array of intermediate voltage taps established along the stack of elementary cells that compose the battery, in electrical series between the two end terminals of the battery, from any DC or AC electrical source by functionally switching the DC source or the output of a rectified AC waveform to an appropriate intermediate voltage tap in order to charge the elementary cells included in the circuit at appropriate charging conditions.
  • the document also discloses a complete hybrid system of battery charger and inverter based on the same multi voltage tap redox flow battery, capable of transforming electrical energy from any DC or AC source of any frequency into electrical energy deliverable to an electrical load at a specified AC voltage and frequency.
  • a complete hybrid system of battery charger and inverter based on the same multi voltage tap redox flow battery, capable of transforming electrical energy from any DC or AC source of any frequency into electrical energy deliverable to an electrical load at a specified AC voltage and frequency.
  • Such a system is ideally suited for plants exploiting renewable energy sources.
  • Prior PCT patent publication No. WO 99/39397 discloses a redox flow battery composed of a plurality of elementary cells in electrical series, in the form of a bipolar filter-press electrolyzer, implementing a cascaded flow of the positive and negative electrolyte solutions containing the redox couples from the first cell at one end of the stack to the last cell at the other end of the stack, thus preventing critical conditions of bypass (parasitic) currents and associated pitting and corrosion problems on surfaces of electrically conducting elements (electrodes).
  • the cascaded flow of the positive and negative electrolyte solution is realized by an appropriate coordination of through holes and slots, customarily created in the frame portions of the stackable elements that are normally made of molded plastic material (essentially of a not conductive material) that, upon assembling of the various elements that compose the stack in a so called filter- press arrangement, create the internal ducts of the battery for the circulation of the electrolyte solutions.
  • Variations of voltage due to the variation of the state of charge of the electrolytes may be readily corrected in an automatic manner by modulating accordingly the pumping rate of the electrolytes through the battery from the reservoirs of charged electrolyte solutions to the reservoirs in which spent electrolyte solutions are recovered during a discharge phase of the battery system.
  • Variations of the battery voltage (or most significantly of the internal voltage drops) due to electrical current variations, during charge and discharge phases depend on the fact that the battery voltage varies with the varying of the electrical load or of the charging current because of internal resistance parameters of the redox flow cells that compose the battery.
  • the cell voltage is equal to the open circuit voltage which is function of the state of charge of the electrolytes in the cell compartments.
  • the voltage is much lower than the open circuit voltage because of the not negligible internal resistance of the cell.
  • the full rated load the load at which the cell voltage is equal to 80% of its open circuit voltage, (which with a state of charge of about 50% would correspond to about 1.2 N (during a discharge phase) and to 1.5 N (during a charging phase)), therefore, during a discharge process, the cell voltage will vary from 1.35 N, at null load, to 1.2 N at full rated load. This represents a voltage variation of about 11 %.
  • the full range of variation of the cell voltage is of 0.3 N (from a minimum of 1.2 V during a discharge phase to a maximum of 1.5 V during a charge phase) that is a variation approximately comprised between 20 and 25 %.
  • a related parameter is the so-called voltage efficiency of the battery that is defined as: ⁇ v ⁇ Vd/Vc, where Vd is the discharge battery voltage and Vc is the charge battery voltage.
  • Vd is the discharge battery voltage
  • Vc is the charge battery voltage.
  • filter-press type bipolar redox flow batteries may often conveniently placed and operated as a vertically stacked assembly, that is with horizontally laying elements (electrodes, membranes)
  • any upgrading of the maximum current deliverable by the battery before a limiting drop of the battery voltage is experienced requires an increase of the cell area and therefore of the "footprint" of a vertically stacked battery. This may be a problem in existing installations because of an impossibility of so enlarging the footprint of the battery.
  • the novel structure of this invention significantly reduces the range of variation of the battery voltage while preserving the advantages of a filter-press stack architecture of the battery as well as the possibility of implementing a cascaded flow of the positive and negative electrolyte solutions containing the relative redox couples through the respective positive electrode and negative electrode compartments of the elementary cells that compose the battery.
  • At least some of the elementary cells that are electrically connected in series between the two end terminals of the battery and composed of elements that are stackable in a filter-press arrangement have different areas from one another.
  • the difference of area of one elementary cell to another along the stack of cells is determined by making at least certain cells in the form of multi-compartment monopolar cell modules, having a certain number of flow compartments of opposite polarity, containing a positive or a negative electrode, respectively.
  • the monopolar electrodes of the multi-compartment monopolar cell modules are selectively connectable, via external switches, into the electrical circuit of the battery, according to needs.
  • the effective (working) cell area of any monopolar module of the battery may be incremented or decremented by selecting or deselecting certain monopolar electrodes of each polarity, that are eventually connected in common into the electrical circuit of the battery.
  • all the stackable electrode elements, all the permionic membrane elements and optionally even any bipolar electrode element composing the battery stack have the same area and a geometrically similar frame portion of non- conductive material providing for the sealability of the cell compartments according to a filter-press stack assembling mode.
  • the frame portions of the distinct stackable elements composing the battery are provided with coordinately matching through holes, borings and/or slots defining the internal ducting either for flowing the positive and the negative electrolyte solutions in cascade or in parallel, respectively through positive electrolyte flow compartments and through negative electrolyte flow compartments of the elementary cells or of the multi-compartment monopolar cell modules.
  • At least a terminal electrode of every multi compartment monopolar cell module may advantageously coincide with an intermediate voltage tap of the battery stack, preferably each monopolar electrode of each multi- compartment monopolar cell module coinciding with an externally connectable intermediate voltage tap, thus providing for other adaptivity possibilities for best matching the active cell area to the current flowing through the battery, in order to meet the limits of variation of the battery voltage.
  • Selection of the appropriate group of elementary cells, or of the number of monopolar electrodes connected, of each monopolar cell module, when charging and/or discharging the battery will be made dependent on the respective (generally variable and different) power levels, determined by the electrical characteristics of the source providing the charge current and/or by the electrical load powered by the battery.
  • the battery architecture of this invention is particularly effective for implementing the hybrid systems disclosed in the cited prior PCT patent publication No. WO 03/007464and in the cited prior patent application PCT/IT02/00653.
  • discretization of an AC waveform implies that different groups of elementary cells of the battery that are sequentially and cyclically selected for connection into an external circuit (for charging and/or for delivering current to an electrical load) are subject to phase currents of different levels, as clearly illustrated in the above identified documents.
  • the possibility offered by the present invention to "modulate" the effective cell size of the cells in electrical series that form the multi intermediate voltage tap battery according to the different load conditions (current) that exist among the different phase switchings of de-construction (when charging from an AC source) and of re-construction (when powering an AC load) of an AC waveform permits an outstanding flexibility for optimizing or best adapting the characteristics of the battery system and sensibly restricting the range of variation of the battery voltage.
  • Figure 1 is a basic electrical diagram of a four compartment monopolar cell module according to this invention
  • Figure 2 is a functional electrical diagram of the module of Figure 1 showing the switches of partialization (sizing) of the effective cell area;
  • Figure 3 is a hydraulic diagram of the module of Figures 1 and 2, showing the electrolytes flow ducting;
  • Figure 4 is a functional electrical diagram of a battery of four monopolar cell modules of modifiable effective area, in electrical series;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective sectional view of a multi-compartment monopolar cell module
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged functional diagram of a battery stack composed of four monopolar cell modules, the cell area of which may be incremented by 100% and by an additional 50% of a certain basic (minimum) cell area, employing exclusively monopolar electrodes;
  • Figure 7 is a plot of voltage-current characteristics of a monopolar cell module for different conditions of partialization of the effective cell area
  • Figure 8 is a plot of voltage-current characteristics of a battery composed of four stacked monopolar cell modules for different configurations of partialization of the effective cell area
  • Figure 9 is a functional diagram of a battery stack equivalent to the one of Figure 5 but employing monopolar electrodes and bipolar electrodes;- Figures 10 and 11 are respectfully a top view and a bottom view of a stackable monopolar electrode element of the module shown in Figure 5;
  • Figures from 12 to 18 are cross sections of the frame portion of the stackable element of Figures 10 and 11, showing the various features thereof
  • the effective cell area of a monopolar cell module may be doubled, by closing the switch al of Figure 2 or the switches al, bl, cl and dl of Figure 4, or tripled, by closing also the switch a2 of Figure 2 or the switches a2, b2, c2, d2 of Figure 4.
  • the effective (working) cell area may be incremented/decremented (partialized) by an integer factor up to a maximum factor corresponding to an odd number n, that is to the number of perm-ionic membrane separators of the multi-compartment monopolar cell module.
  • FIG. 5 A simplified three-dimensional cross sectional view of a multi-compartment monopolar cell module is shown in Figure 5.
  • each electrode indicated as a whole with 2 or 3 in the Figure, includes a pervious or impervious base plate, 2a and 3 a, of an electrically conductive material, chemically resistant to the electrolyte solutions, that may be either a metallic material, a conductive cermet material, glassy carbon, graphite or a conductive aggregate of a binder (typically a moldable plastic binder) and of particles and/or fibers of said conductive materials.
  • a pervious or impervious base plate 2a and 3 a, of an electrically conductive material, chemically resistant to the electrolyte solutions, that may be either a metallic material, a conductive cermet material, glassy carbon, graphite or a conductive aggregate of a binder (typically a moldable plastic binder) and of particles and/or fibers of said conductive materials.
  • the base plate, 2a and 3a has primarily the function of current collector of substantial rigidity and mechanical strength to constitute, in a "tongue” or “tab” portion (not visible in the section of Figure 5) projecting out of the outer perimeter of the molded plastic frames 4 of the stackable electrode elements, electrical terminals suitable to be ordinarily connected by common fixtures with copper wirings in the battery circuit.
  • each electrode has an active or primarily working portion generally in the form of a porous three-dimensional conductive structure, 2b, 3b, through open pores of which the respective electrolyte solution may readily flow or circulate.
  • the working three- dimensional porous portion, 2b, 3 b, of each electrode may be a mat or felt of carbon fibers in electrical contact with the current collecting (or distributing) base plate 2a, 3 a, and that may extend to bear at a plurality of points onto the surface of the perm-ionic membrane separator 1.
  • the membrane 1 may in practice be sandwiched between the porous mats of the positive and negative electrodes of the two flow compartments separated by the membrane, upon tightening of the filter- press assembly, exploiting the ability of the carbon felt to be moderately compressed in an elastic fashion.
  • Ordinary die-stamped gaskets of a chemically resistant elastomer may be placed over at least one of the counter opposed surfaces of two adjacent plastic frames 4 of the stackable electrode elements for providing a leak proof hydraulic sealing of the flow compartments according to common filter-press assembling practices.
  • the arrows schematically indicate the flow path of the negative electrolyte solution (negative electrolyte).
  • the inlet manifold 5, the outlet manifold 6, the inlet port holes 7 and the outlet port holes 8 may all be defined by appropriately aligned holes and borings or slots made in the plastic frames 4 of the stackable monopolar electrode elements, according to common practices in the art.
  • the module includes two end plates 9 and 10 that render the stackable module completely "self contained", usable as a discrete component (unit or elementary cell) of a battery stack assembled to achieve a specifically required nominal battery voltage (that is a multiple of the monopolar or elementary cell voltage).
  • the end plates 9 and 10 as well as all the frames 4 that composed the module MM may be provided with through holes 11 and 12 in areas external to the outer perimeter of the hydraulic seal, through which tie rods may pass for tightening the battery stack in a filter-press mode, according to common practices in the art.
  • the frame 4 as well as the end plates 9 and 10 may all be made of molded plastic, for example of polyethylene, polypropylene and equivalent moldable non- conductive and chemically resistant materials.
  • a battery stack with a nominal voltage equal to four times the unit cell voltage may be realized by stacking together four multi-compartment monopolar cell modules of the type illustrated in Figure 5.
  • a stack could have a functional scheme as depicted in Figure 6.
  • the monopolar electrodes or more precisely the porous mat portion thereof are drawn with different shadings for distinguishing negative electrodes from positive electrodes, as also indicated by the relative symbol of the respective electrolyte flow compartment.
  • the negative and positive electrodes may be assumed to have the same composition though they may even be made of different materials and/or with a different structure and/or morphology, talcing into consideration the different half- cell reactions that occur on a positive electrode (oxidation) and on a negative electrode (reduction).
  • the cell area may be doubled.
  • the cell area of the relative monopolar cell module MM(i) may be increased by 25%.
  • the cell area may be increased by one and a half the basic area, which in the examples so far illustrated in the figures corresponds to twice the projected area of an electrode/membrane/electrode assembly.
  • V c Vo + kl/A
  • k is a constant which is determined by the properties of the cell.
  • Ao is the basic cell (minimum) area
  • n is the number of area partialization switches that are closed. The discharge voltage across the cell is
  • Vd Vo - (kIo/2Ao)(LTo) when at is closed and a 2 is open (n - 1),
  • n a , n b , n 0 , and nd be the number of cell area partializing switches of the respective multi-compartment monopolar cell modules MMa, MMb, MMc, and MMd that compose the battery of Figure4, that are closed at a certain time. Then the discharge voltage of the battery Vd is given by
  • V d V d (a) + Vd(b) + V d (c) + V d (d)
  • This voltage depends on the combination of the four parameters n a , n b , n c , and n , but not on their permutation.
  • Table 1 shows all the possible switch configurations for the considered sample embodiment of Figure 4 and the battery voltage that they produce when the current is I 0 .
  • each cell module has voltage efficiency 85%, but the overall voltage efficiency for the four module battery rises above 85% as the cell area partializing (incrementing) switches are progressively closed.
  • a battery made according to this invention in the form of a stack of multi-compartment monopolar cell modules with cell area partializing switches, can provide a substantially constant battery voltage a substantial constancy of the battery voltage may be provided notwithstanding variations of the current absorbed by the load between certain minimum and maximum values.
  • the operating voltage of each monopolar cell module may be adjusted in relatively small steps by varying its effective area independently of the other cells.
  • any individual cell of the battery stack, connected in series may have its area partializing switches configured in a way such as to produce a cell voltage different from another individual cell of the stack, the resolution of the voltage control that can be performed is particularly fine and the resulting battery voltage can be kept within relatively narrow limits over a wide range of currents.
  • the modules in a stack may have different numbers of flow (electrode) compartments and of area partializing switches. This is a great advantage that may be exploited in designing battery stacks destined to applications that contemplate a process of AC waveform discretization/reconstruction, according to the systems disclosed in said prior applications WO 03/007464 and PCT/IT02/00653.
  • the monopolar cell modules (normally at one end of the stack) that support the relatively large phase currents in coincidence with the peaks of a discretized AC waveform being reconstructed may have a proportionately larger number of selectable elements than the cells at the other end of the battery stack that support relatively smaller phase currents, some of which may even be ordinary bipolar cells of fixed area.
  • a battery stack according to this invention may be composed by stacking four modules of the self contained type described in Figure 5 as schematically depicted in Figure 6, a battery stack may be realized using stackable bipolar electrode elements as joining elements between adjacently stacked monopolar cell modules.
  • the bipolar electrodes are recognizable by the different shadings over opposite faces thereof that indicate the polarity of the porous three-dimensional electrode mats in electrical content with the base plate (current collector) that in this case must of course be solid (without pores) and impervious to any flow there through by the electrolyte solutions of opposite polarity flowing in contact and through the pores of the respective electrode mats on the opposite faces of the current collecting base plate.
  • the position of the cell area partializing switches is adapted to the use of bipolar electrodes for structurally and electrically joining two adjacent multi-compartment monopolar cell modules.
  • bipolar electrodes favors a reduction of the total height of stack by eliminating the presence of juxtaposed pairs of plastic end plates, 9 and 10, present in the stack assembly of Figure 6.
  • a typical stackable element for composing the multi-compartment monopolar cell module of the invention may be constructed as in the example shown in Figures 10 to 18.
  • the conductive base plate 2a (or 3 a) may be in the form of a glassy carbon plate, preferably having a metallic core which may be a zinc expanded metal plate or aluminum or another highly conductive metal or alloy.
  • the base plate should have a good electrical conductivity (enhanced by a metal core sheet) and be perfectly resistant to chemical attack by the electrolyte solution in contact therewith (normally a strong acid).
  • the elements have a square area and the base plate 3a has a substantial portion of its perimeter (at least two opposite sides) permanently embedded in a plastic frame 4 molded thereon. At least one and preferably two tongue portions 3t of the base plate 3a extend outside the frame portion 4 molded over the square perimeter of the base plate to constitute electrically connectable terminals of the monopolar electrode.
  • the molded frame portion 4 has four corner holes 13 for accommodating tie rods of the filter press assembly.
  • the plastic frame portion 4 has a plurality of through holes 14 distributed along the fours sides thereof, and located in an outer portion of the molded plastic frame 4, clear of the perimeter of the embedded conductive base plate 3 a.
  • the corresponding electrolyte solution is circulated in the compartment of the monopolar cell module containing the electrode by producing in the molded plastic frame a plurality of inlet slots or ports 15, communicating with inlet manifolds defined by the through hole 14 from the same side (inlet side) of the plastic frame and outlet slots or ports 16 communicating with the outlet manifolds formed by the through holes 14 disposed on the opposite side of the plastic frame.
  • the stackable element shown from one side in Figure 10 and the reverse side in Figure 11, is by way of example an element containing a negative electrode 3 a.
  • an adjacently stackable electrode element will be contain a positive electrode 2a and the inlet and outlet ports will place the respective flow compartment in connection with the inlet manifold constituted by the through holes 14 present in the lower side of the molded frame and with the outlet manifold constituted by the through hole 14 present on the upper side of the molded plastic frame.
  • the inlet and outlet manifolds are constituted by several through holes through which the electrolyte solution flows in parallel, and the fact that consequently the port holes for flowing part of the electrolyte through the cell compartment housing the relative monopolar electrode, provides for an even distributions of the electrolyte in the electrode compartment and through the porous carbon felt active electrode placed in electrical contact over the entire surface of the conductive base plate 3 a.
  • the molded plastic frame may be provided with matching recesses and protrusions 17, 18 of differentiated shape, to facilitate the stacking of one element over the other in a perfect alignment and for preventing orientation errors.
  • the perm-ionic membrane separator is normally placed between the gasketed surfaces of adjacent frames.
  • the membrane, cut to size may have its perimetral portion retained into the annular groove 18, purposely cut over a face of each electrode frame, using a retainer ring (not shown in the drawings) for pushing the membrane into the groove 18 upon tightening together the stacked elements.
  • the set of Figures 12-18 are sectional views of the frame portion of the stackable element of Figures 10 and 11 all of these respective plane sections are identified by the capital letters in the figures.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie à oxydoréduction comprenant une pluralité d'éléments connectées en série entre deux bornes d'extrémité de la batterie, composée d'éléments d'une surface active données empilées de manière à former un filtre-presse. Des solutions électrolytiques positive et négative circulent en parallèle et/ou en cascade, respectivement par des compartiments d'écoulement électrolytique positif et des compartiments d'écoulement électrolytique négatif des éléments. Ces éléments sont des modules de cellules à compartiments multiples pouvant être empilées de manière à former un filtre-presse, comprenant des électrodes monopolaires, chaque module étant composé d'un nombre entier pair n+1 de compartiments d'écoulement pour ladite solution électrolytique positive et pour ladite solution électrolytique négative, séparés par un nombre entier impair n de séparateurs à membrane perm-ionique, et contenant éventuellement une électrode positive et négative. Cette batterie à oxydoréduction comprend une pluralité de prises de réglage de tension intermédiaires sous forme de languettes dépassant vers l'extérieur desdites électrodes. Des commutateurs de sélection de la surface des éléments sont utilisés pour connecter ensemble un nombre sélectionné d'électrodes positives ou négatives d'un module de cellule.
PCT/IT2003/000129 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Batterie a oxydoreduction a prises de reglage de tension multiples composee de modules de cellules empilees de surface reglable WO2004079849A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003219521A AU2003219521A1 (en) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Multi voltage tap redox flow battery composed of stacked cell modules of adjustable cell area
CNA038263513A CN1765027A (zh) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 由可调节电池面积的堆叠电池组件组成的多电压分接头的氧化还原液流电池组
PCT/IT2003/000129 WO2004079849A1 (fr) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Batterie a oxydoreduction a prises de reglage de tension multiples composee de modules de cellules empilees de surface reglable

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/IT2003/000129 WO2004079849A1 (fr) 2003-03-04 2003-03-04 Batterie a oxydoreduction a prises de reglage de tension multiples composee de modules de cellules empilees de surface reglable

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WO2004079849A8 WO2004079849A8 (fr) 2005-03-31

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1722434A1 (fr) 2005-05-13 2006-11-15 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Réseau de piles à combustible formé dans une seule couche de silicium monocristallin et sa méthode de fabrication
AT501903B1 (de) * 2005-11-08 2006-12-15 En O De Energy On Demand Produ Rahmen für eine zelle eines reaktors einer redox-durchflussbatterie
AT501902B1 (de) * 2005-11-08 2006-12-15 En O De Energy On Demand Produ Rahmen für eine zelle eines reaktors einer redox-durchflussbatterie
WO2010005954A2 (fr) 2008-07-07 2010-01-14 Enervault Corporation Système de batteries à flux redox pour stockage d’énergie distribué
WO2012022532A1 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-02-23 Cellstrom Gmbh Cadre d'une cellule de batterie à circulation d'oxydoréducteur
WO2012032368A1 (fr) * 2010-09-07 2012-03-15 Krisada Kampanatsanyakorn Empilement de piles à flux redox à plusieurs étages composé de piles monopolaires possédant des interconnexions intercellulaires bipolaires latérales, étendues et juxtaposées sur chaque étage de l'empilement
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CN105702980A (zh) * 2014-11-26 2016-06-22 大连融科储能技术发展有限公司 一种在线恢复液流电池系统性能的控制方法及其系统
US11056698B2 (en) 2018-08-02 2021-07-06 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Redox flow battery with electrolyte balancing and compatibility enabling features
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US8587255B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2013-11-19 Deeya Energy, Inc. Control system for a flow cell battery
WO2012022532A1 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-02-23 Cellstrom Gmbh Cadre d'une cellule de batterie à circulation d'oxydoréducteur
WO2012032368A1 (fr) * 2010-09-07 2012-03-15 Krisada Kampanatsanyakorn Empilement de piles à flux redox à plusieurs étages composé de piles monopolaires possédant des interconnexions intercellulaires bipolaires latérales, étendues et juxtaposées sur chaque étage de l'empilement
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US8980484B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2015-03-17 Enervault Corporation Monitoring electrolyte concentrations in redox flow battery systems
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WO2014083387A1 (fr) 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Hydraredox Technologies Inc. Ensemble embase-électrode-membrane destiné à une pile électrochimique d'oxydoréduction pour le stockage d'énergie de flux
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EP3859849A1 (fr) * 2015-11-18 2021-08-04 Invinity Energy Systems (Canada) Corporation Batterie rédox et procédé de fabrication de la batterie rédox
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