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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• This invention relates to antagonists for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and their use in the treatment of metabolic and eating disorders, novel compounds having MCH receptor modulatory activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more such modulators, methods of preparing such modulators and methods of using such modulators to treat obesity, diabetes and related disorders.
• MCH melanin-concentrating hormone
• MCH a cyclic peptide
• 5,908,830 discloses a combination therapy for the treatment of diabetes or obesity involving the administration of a metabolic rate increasing agent and a feeding behavior modifying agent, an example of the latter being an MCH antagonist.
• a metabolic rate increasing agent an example of the latter being an MCH antagonist.
• a feeding behavior modifying agent an example of the latter being an MCH antagonist.
• this invention provides novel compounds having MCH antagonist activity. These compounds are represented by structural Formula 1 :
• X is -CH 2 -, -S(O 2 )-, carbonyl, -CHCH 3 or -C(CH 3 ) -;
• Y is -(CR 2 R 3 )P-, -(CR 2 R 3 ) P C(O)NH-, -(CR 2 R 3 ) P NH-, -C(O)NH-, -C(O)(CR 2 R 3 )PNH-, -C(O)C(O)NH- or -C(O)(CR 2 R 3 ) p -;
• Z is aryl, heteroaryl, R 6 -substituted aryl or R 6 -substituted heteroaryl; n is 0, 2 or 3, and when n is 0, no connecting bond exists between the two carbons adjacent to the nitrogen; p is 1 , 2 or3; q is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; r is 0 or 1 and when r is 0, X is directly linked to the aromatic ring;
• R 1 is hydrogen, -acyl, -alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -alkyl substituted with cycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, -C(O)R 5 , -C(O)OR 5 , -C(O)OR 8 , -C(O)NR 8 R 9 , -S(O 2 )R 5 , -S(O 2 )NR 8 R 9 , cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl substituted with R 10 on the -cycloalkyl ring, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl or -CF 3 ;
• R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different, each being independently hydrogen, alkoxy or alkyl; or R 2 and R 3 can be joined together and with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3 to 7 membered ring;
• R 4 is aryl, heteroaryl, R 7 -substituted aryl or R 7 substituted heteroaryl or Y-R 4 r* !
• R 5 is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heteroaralkyl;
• R 6 is 1 to 5 substituents, each R 6 can be the same or different and each is independently selected from -OH, -alkoxy, -OCF 3 , -CN, -alkyl, halogen, -NR 8 R 9 , -CONR 8 R 9 , -NR 8 S(O 2 )R 6 , -S(O 2 )NR 8 R 9 , -S(0 2 )R 5 , -COR 5 , H
• R 8 is hydrogen or -alkyl
• R 9 is hydrogen, -alkyl, -aryl or -heteroaryl
• R 10 is -OH, -alkoxy, -C(O)NR 8 R 9 , -NR 8 R 9 , -NR 8 S(O 2 )R 5 , -NR 8 C(0)NR 8 R 9 , -NR 8 C(O)R 5 , -NR 8 C(O)OR 5 , -C(0)OH or-C(O)OR 5
• R 11 is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or -NR 8 R 9 ;
• R 12 is alkyl, aryl or -NR 8 R 9 .
• aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkoxy and alkyene moieties can be unsubstitited or optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents as described herein.
• This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, and eating disorders such as hyperphagia.
• this invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention discloses MCH receptor antagonists represented by structural formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound, isomer or racemic mixture thereof, wherein the various moieties are described above.
• X is -CH 2 , -CHCH 3 or -C(CH 3 ) 2 -.
• Y is -(CR 2 R 3 ) P C(0)NH-, -C(O)NH-,
• Z is aryl, heteroaryl or R 6 -substituted aryl.
• n is 0 and no connecting bond exists between the two carbons adjacent to the nitrogen.
• R 1 is hydrogen, -acyl, -alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -alkyl substituted with cycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, -C(O)R 5 ,
• R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different, each being independently hydrogen, alkoxy or alkyl.
• R 4 is aryl, R 7 -substituted aryl or R 7
• R 5 is alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl or heteroaralkyl.
• R 6 is 1 substituent and is independently selected from -OH, -alkoxy, -OCF 3 , -CN, -alkyl, halogen, -NR 8 R 9 ,
• R 9 is hydrogen or -alkyl
• R 10 is -OH, -alkoxy, -C(O)OH or - C(O)OR 5 .
• R 11 is alkyl, aryl or alkoxy.
• R 12 is alkyl or aryl.
• Z is cyanophenyl or pyridinyl such as cyano-3-phenyl, pyridine-3-yl or pyridine-4-yl. Additional preferred embodiments include the embodiments represented by Formula 1 wherein R 4 is 3,5 dichlorophenyl. Compounds represented by Formula 1 wherein R 1 is -alkyl, -cycloalkyl, -aralkyl, -heteroaralkyl and -heterocyclyl are also preferred.
• Still additional preferred embodiments of Formula 1 include compounds wherein: X is -S(O 2 )- or X is -CH 2 -.
• Y is -C(R 2 R 3 )C(0)NH-.
• Still other preferred embodiments of the compounds of Formula 1 are wherein R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy; n is 0; and r is 0; as well as compounds of Formula 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen.
• Preferred embodiments further include embodiments that are represented by Formula 1 wherein X is carbonyl; Y is -C(R 2 R 3 )C(O)NH- and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen but can, in the alternative, also be alkyl or alkoxy; n is 0 and r is 0. Preferred compounds also include those wherein R 1 is hydrogen, -alkyl,
• R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy; n is 0; r is 1 ; Z is aryl or R 6 -substituted aryl and most preferably wherein R 6 represents a single substituent.
• R 4 is 3,5 dichlorophenyl and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, cyclopentyl, propyl, -S(O 2 )CH3, -C(0)CH 3 , -C(0)OC(CH 3 ) 3 , isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, heteroaryl or R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen;
• Z is R 6 -substituted aryl;
• R 6 is 1 to 5 substituents and each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -CN, -CHO, -S(0 2 )R 5 , -C(0)OR 8 , -COR 5 ,
• R 7 is two substituents which can be the same or different and independently selected from halogen, -CN, -CF 3 .
• Z is a monocyclic aryl group with a single R 6 substituent in the meta position relative to the point of attachment to the aromatic position show in Formula 1.
• Z is a monocyclic aryl group and R 6 is
• R 6 is -CN and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, cyclopentyl, -S(O 2 )CH3, -C(O)CH 3 , isopropyl or cyclopropylmethyl.
• Still yet another class of preferred compounds of Formula 1 has the structure:
• Y is -(CR 2 R 3 ) p C(O)NH- ;
• Z is phenyl
• any of the foregoing radicals substituted with a cyano, fluoro, chloro, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, formyl or a carboxyl group, or Z is a 2,5- dichlorophenyl group;
• R 1 is cyclopentyl, methyl, benzyl, hydrogen, 5-hydroxy-n-pentyl, cycloheptyl, N- methylpiperidene-4-yl, 4-oxacyclohexyl, 3-thiacyclopentyl, furane-3-ylmethyl, 2- methoxybenzyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, 3-phenyIpropyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl, acetyl, methylsulfonyl, dimethylaminosulfonyl, thiazole-2-ylmethyl or ethylsulfonyl; and
• R 4 is aryl, heteroaryl, R 7 -substituted aryl or R 7 substituted heteroaryl or Y-R 4
• Z is suitably selected from the following radicals:
• R 1 is suitably selected from the following radicals:
• Preferred compounds of Formula 1 include but are not limited to:
• acyl means an H-C(O)-, alkyl-C(O)-, alkenyl-C(O)-, alkynyl-C(O)-, cycloalkyl- C(O)-, cycloalkenyl-C(O)-, or cycloalkynyl-C(O)- group in which the various groups are as previously described.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl.
• suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, and cyclohexanoyl.
• Alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain. "Lower alkenyl” means an alkenyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• substituted alkenyl means that the alkenyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, and alkoxy.
• substituents include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, and 3-methylbut-2-enyl.
• Alkoxy means an alkyl-O- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
• suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and isopropoxy.
• the alkyl group is linked to an adjacent moiety through the ether oxygen.
• substituted alkoxy means that the alkyl portion of the alkoxy group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, -NH(alkyl), -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , carboxy and -C(O)0-alkyl.
• suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl.
• Alkoxycarbonyl means an alkoxy group defined earlier linked to an adjacent moiety through a carbonyl.
• alkoxycarbonyl groups include -C(O)-CH 3 , -C(O)-CH 2 CH 3 and the like.
• Alkyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may be straight or branched and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkyl chain. "Lower alkyl” means an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• substituted alkyl means that the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, -NH(alkyl), -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , carboxy and -C(O)O-alkyl.
• suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl.
• Alkylaryl means an alkyl-aryl- group in which the alkyl and aryl are as previously described. Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting example of a suitable alkylaryl groups is tolyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl.
• Alkylene means an alkanediyl group commonly having free valencies on two carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene and the like.
• substituted alkylene means that the alkylene group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, -NH(alkyl), -NH (cycloalkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , carboxy and -C(O)0-alkyl.
• Alkylsulfinyl means an alkyl-S(O)- group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
• Alkylsulfonyl means an alkyl-S(O 2 )- group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
• Alkylthio means an alkyl-S- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
• alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, i-propylthio and heptylthio.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain.
• Preferred alkynyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain.
• Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain.
• “Lower alkynyl” means an alkynyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• suitable alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl and 2-butynyl.
• substituted alkynyl means that the alkynyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and -cycloalkyl.
• Alkenyl means an aryl-alkenyl- group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkenyl groups include 2-phenethenyl and 2-naphthylethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
• Alkoxycarbonyl means an aralkyl-O-C(O)- group.
• a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• Alkyl means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkyls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenethyl and a naphthlenylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
• substituted aralkyl means that the aralkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, -NH(alkyl), -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , carboxy and -C(O)0-alkyl.
• Aralkylthio means an aralkyl-S- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described. Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Aroyl means an aryl-C(O)- group in which the aryl group is as previously described. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- and 2-naphthoyl.
• Aryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• the aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted on the ring with one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, -OCF 3 , -OCOalkyl , -OCOaryl, -CF 3 , heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulf
• Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl.
• the "aryl” group can also be substituted by linking two adjacent carbons on its aromatic ring via a combination of one or more carbon atoms and one or more oxygen atoms such as, for example, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, and the like.
• Aryloxy means an aryl-O- group in which the aryl group is as previously described.
• suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.
• Arylsulfinyl means an aryl-S(O)- group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
• Arylsulfonyl means an aryl-S(O 2 )- group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
• Arylthio means an aryl-S- group in which the aryl group is as previously described.
• suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
• the cycloalkenyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,
• Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like.
• Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbomylenyl.
• Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
• the cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be, the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,
• Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalinyl, norbomyl, adamantyl and the like.
• Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo groups. Preferred are fluoro, chloro or bromo, and more preferred are fluoro and chloro.
• Haloalkyl means an alkyl as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above.
• Heteroaralkenyl means an heteroaryl-alkenyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaralkenyl groups include 2- (pyrid-3-yl)ethenyl and 2-(quinolin-3-yl)ethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
• Cycloalkylalkyl means a cycloalkyl-alkyl group in which the cycloalkyl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred cycloalkylalkyls contain a lower alkyl group. A non limiting example includes cyclopropylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
• cycloalkylalkyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by one or more substitutents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio
• Heteroaralkyl means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyl, 2-(furan-3- yl)ethyl and quinolin-3-ylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
• heteroarylkyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,
• Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination.
• Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• heteroaryl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, a
• the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom.
• a nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
• suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyi, triazolyl, and the like.
• Heterocyclyl means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
• Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
• the heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring or hydrogen(s) on any nitrogen(s) suitably by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, aryl
• the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
• suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, morpholinyl and the like.
• Hydroxyalkyl means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.
• “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.
• Patient includes both human and other animals.
• any variable e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R 2 , etc.
• its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• the compounds of Formula 1 can be administered as racemic mixtures or enantiomerically pure compounds.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• Solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
• “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid.
• “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
• “Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O.
• Effective amount or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound of the present invention effective to treat a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by MCH, and thus producing the desired therapeutic effect.
• Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated within the scope of this invention.
• the term "prodrug”, as employed herein, denotes a compound that is a drug precursor which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of formula I or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
• a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) Volume 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, both of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
• the compounds of formula I can form salts, solvates and prodrugs which are also within the scope of this invention.
• Reference to a compound of formula I herein is understood to include reference to salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
• salt(s) denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
• a compound of Formula 1 contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts”) may be formed and are included within the term “salt(s)” as used herein.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful.
• Salts of the compound of the Formula 1 may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of Formula 1 with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
• Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulforiates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, 2- naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pectinates, persulfates, 3- phenylpropionates, phosphate
• Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N- bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D- glucamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quartemized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g.
• dialkyl sulfates e.g. dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates
• long chain halides e.g. decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
• aralkyl halides e.g. benzyl and phenethyl bromides
• All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts and solvates of the compounds), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
• Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
• the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
• the use of the terms "salt”, “solvate” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt and solvate of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers or racemates of the inventive compounds.
• Compounds of Formula 1 can be highly selective, high affinity Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) receptor antagonists useful for the treatment of obesity.
• MCH Melanin Concentrating Hormone
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by MCH by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound to the mammal.
• a mammal e.g., human
• administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound to the mammal.
• a preferred dosage is about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of the compound of Formula 1.
• An especially preferred dosage is about 0.01 to 30 mg/kg of body weight/day of a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Still yet another aspect of this invention is directed to a method of treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• a further aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating eating and metabolic disorders such as bulimia and anorexia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• a still yet further aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating hyperlipidemia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another further aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating cellulite and fat accumulation comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating type II diabetes comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• compositions which comprise at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Still yet other aspects of this invention are combinations of a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and other compounds as described below.
• a method for treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a. an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and b. an amount of a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anoretic agent, or an NPY antagonist and/or optionally a pharmaceutically carrier, vehicle or diluent, wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• a kit comprising: a.
• an amount of a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form b. an amount of an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anoretic agent, or an NPY antagonist and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• Preferred antiobesity and/or anorectic agents are: phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phentermine, a cholecystokinin-A (hereinafter referred to as CCK-A) agonist, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor (such as sibutramine), a sympathomimetic agent, a serotonergic agent (such as dexfenfluramine or fenfluramine), a dopamine agonist (such as bromocriptine), a melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor agonist or mimetic, a melanocyte- stimulating hormone analog, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist, a melanin concentrating hormone antagonist, the OB protein (hereinafter referred to as "leptin”), a leptin analog, a leptin receptor agonist, a galanin antagonist
• anorectic agents include bombesin agonists, dehydroepiandrosterone or analogs thereof, glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists, orexin receptor antagonists, urocortin binding protein antagonists, agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor such as Exendin and ciliary neurotrophic factors such as Axokine.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating diabetes comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a. an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and b.
• a mammal e.g., a female or male human
• a second compound said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• a second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease
• This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition
• a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a first compound, said first compound being a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; a second compound, said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone, or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide; and optionally a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent.
• kits comprising: a. an amount of a compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form; b.
• the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
• the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
• the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1 mg to about 100 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 25 mg, according to the particular application.
• the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
• a typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, preferably 1 mg/day to 50 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.
• inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories.
• the powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient.
• Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g., magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18 th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania.
• Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
• Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen. Also included are solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
• the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
• the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
• the compounds of this invention may also be delivered subcutaneously.
• the compound is administered orally.
• Compounds of Formula 1 can be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art using either solution phase or solid phase synthesis as shown in the following reaction schemes, in the preparations and examples below.
• BBr 3 means tribromo borane
• BrCH 2 CONHAr means 3,5-dichlorophenyl bromoacetamide
• CH 3 CN means acetonitrile
• ES MS means electro spray mass spectrometry
• K 2 CO 3 means potassium carbonate
• MeOH means methanol
• PhNTF 2 means N-phenyltrifluoromethane sulfonimide
• SiO 2 means silicon dioxide
• TFA means trifluoroacetic acid
• the secondary amine 11 (0.010 g, 0.019 mmol) was dissolved in dichloro- methane (anhydrous, 1 ml), treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.057 mmol, 3 eq) and aldehyde/ketone (0.19mmol, 10 eq), left for stirring over night at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was then treated with Amberlyst-15 ion-exchange resin (Aldrich, 0.01 g, 20eq) for 2 h.
• the resin was washed with dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and methanol for 3 times.
• the resin was then treated with ammonia in methanol (2N, 2ml) for 15 minutes (2 times).
• the resin was removed by filtration. All the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the desired product.
• the secondary amine 11 (0.01 Og, 0.019mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (anhydrous, 1 ml), treated with resin-bound DIEA (Argonaut, 0.006g, 10 eq) and acetyl chloride/sulfonyl chloride (0.19mmol, 10 eq), left for stirring over night at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was then treated with resin-bound isocyanate (Argonaut, 0.002g, 12 eq) for 2 h.
• the resin was removed by filtration. All the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the desired product.
• Compound 12a Compound 11 (0.010 g, 0.019 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (anhydrous, 1ml), treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.057 mmol, 3 eq) and tetrahydro-pyran-4-one (0.19mmol, 10 eq), left for stirring over night at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then treated with Amberlyst-15 ion- exchange resin (Aldrich, 0.01 g, 20eq) for 2 h. The resin was washed with dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and methanol for 3 times. The resin was then treated with ammonia in methanol (2N, 2ml) for 15 minutes (2 times).
• Membranes from CHO cells expressing the MCH receptor were prepared by lysing cells with 5 mM HEPES for 15 min at 4C. Cell lysates were centrifuged (12.5000 x g, 15 min) and the pellet was resuspended in 5 mM HEPES. For each 96- well plate (Microlite, Dynex Technologies), 1 mg of cell membranes were incubated with 10 mg of wheat germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) for 5 min at 4 C in a volume of 10 ml of binding buffer (25 mM HEPES, 10 mM MGCI 2 , 10 mM NaCl, 5 mM MnCI 2 , 0.1% BSA).
• the membrane/bead mixture was centrifuged (1500 x g, 3.5 min), the supernatant was aspirated, and the pellet was resuspended in 10 ml binding buffer. The centrifugation, aspiration and resuspension were then repeated.
• the membrane/bead mixture (100 ⁇ l) was then added to 96-well plates containing 50 ⁇ l of 500 pM [ 125 I]-MCH (NEN) and 50 ml of the appropriate concentration of compound (4X the desired final concentration).
• Nonspecific binding was determined by including 1 ⁇ M MCH in the binding reaction.
• the binding reaction was incubated at room temperature for 2 h. Plates were then analyzed in a TOPCOUNT microplate scintillation counter (Packard). Data was analyzed and Ki values for the compounds of Formula 1 were determined using GraphPad Prim.
• the compounds of Formula 1 exhibit MCH receptor antagonizing activity, which has been correlated with pharmaceutical activity for treating disorders such as obesity and hyperphagia, and diabetes, as well as eating disorders generally.
• the compounds of Examples 1-45 (structures shown in Table 1) were tested for MCH receptor antagonizing activity as described above. Dissociation constants for particularly preferred compounds appear in Table 2. Results for other compounds appear in Table 3 where the compounds are rated "A” for Ki values of from 1 nM to 100 nM, "B” for Ki values of from greater than 100 nM to less than 500 nM and "C" for Ki values greater than 500 nM.

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