WO2004046702A1 - Procede et dispositif pour determiner des proprietes de la terre au moyen des proprietes de transmission d'une ligne aerienne, par exemple d'une ligne aerienne de transport d'energie - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour determiner des proprietes de la terre au moyen des proprietes de transmission d'une ligne aerienne, par exemple d'une ligne aerienne de transport d'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004046702A1
WO2004046702A1 PCT/EP2003/011975 EP0311975W WO2004046702A1 WO 2004046702 A1 WO2004046702 A1 WO 2004046702A1 EP 0311975 W EP0311975 W EP 0311975W WO 2004046702 A1 WO2004046702 A1 WO 2004046702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
electrically conductive
lines
ground line
measurement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/011975
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Brandelik
Christof HÜBNER
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh filed Critical Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh
Priority to EP03775245A priority Critical patent/EP1565730A1/fr
Priority to AU2003283312A priority patent/AU2003283312A1/en
Publication of WO2004046702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004046702A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for determining 5 properties of the soil, in particular the moisture content, and of heights of snow and ice cover.
  • moisture is to be understood to mean any type of water. So in addition to water, 25 moisture and snow also fall under moisture, possibly also as a covering of the ground.
  • a moisture sensor for extended layers is known from WO 96/22522, which in each case consists of at least one high-frequency electrical signal generator, a signal propagation time measuring device, a reflectometer and a line system composed of at least two independent lines which do not touch and cross each other.
  • this moisture sensor is disadvantageous because it has to be introduced into the ground for operation, which is expensive, complex and mechanically complicated, especially when it comes to snow fields.
  • the length of the sensor ie the area examined, is limited and has only a limited measuring range around the jvless line, since the spread of the measuring field into the ground or snow field is small due to the small line diameter.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device with which it is possible to carry out the determination of properties of the soil, in particular moisture content or snow or ice thicknesses, over a wide area without great technical effort.
  • the object is also achieved by a device for coupling to at least one electrically conductive above-ground line
  • At least one generator for generating a time-limited or permanent AC voltage
  • At least one receiver for connection to the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line and spaced in the longitudinal direction of the line from the at least one generator
  • At least one measuring device for recording the transit time of the wave packet used to generate the time-limited electromagnetic field and / or changing at least one parameter of the AC voltage
  • any type of overhead lines already installed i.e. H. Cables that are installed above ground at a certain distance from the ground are used.
  • the electrically conductive above-ground line comprises one or more lines selected from the group consisting of overhead power lines, supply lines, above-ground telephone lines, overhead rail lines, cable car lines.
  • the measuring method is independent of the soil from the soil, for example, from its growth and / or local nature (rock, rivers, lakes, etc.) due to the spacing of the measuring line.
  • such lines are spanned so low above the ground that a well-measurable proportion of the electromagnetic field generated by the measuring line extends into the ground below.
  • the properties of the soil or soil coverings to be determined influence the electrical properties of the soil or its cover, which is penetrated by the electromagnetic field, such as conductivity, dielectric properties (dielectric constant) and magnetic permeability. This in turn affects the spread of the field along the line.
  • the conductivity and the dielectric in a complex manner cause both an attenuation and a time delay of the field.
  • the conductivity and dielectric of the soil or its coverings also depend on their moisture content.
  • the dielectric constant and the conductivity and thus the moisture content of the soil can be calculated by measuring the signal delay and / or attenuation.
  • the assignment of the moisture content to the conductivity and the dielectric can be done by calibration, for which these parameters and the moisture of a soil sample is measured at different moisture levels (for example after oven drying) to determine calibrated standard values.
  • the other sizes such as growth and vegetation stage
  • the calibrated standard values are suitable for comparison.
  • the actual assignment can be carried out, for example, with sufficient accuracy by three-dimensional electromagnetic field calculations (analytical or numerical) known to the person skilled in the art, which use the dielectric constant and the conductivity. For these calculations, the dielectric constant and conductivity of the soil with different water content are required. Sufficiently accurate, approximate values are known to the person skilled in the art and can, for. B. from the book "Dielectric Properties of Heterogeneous Materials", Editor A. Priou, PIER 6 Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 1992 Elsevier Science Publishing Co. New York.
  • the electrically conductive above-ground lines preferably comprise individual lines and / or two-wire and / or multi-wire.
  • the high-voltage overhead lines for power transmission are three or more lines installed on masts.
  • Examples of two-wire are low-voltage supply lines for small consumers, as they are widely installed above the streets in small communities.
  • Telephone lines are also often designed as two-wire.
  • Railway overhead lines and cable car lines are mostly single lines.
  • the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line can be shut down during the measurement for your normal operation, i. H. it is only used as a measuring line. This can either be a dedicated measuring line or the line is shut down for the short time of the measurement (maximum a few seconds), for example for the power supply or for making calls.
  • the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line remains available for your normal operation during the measurement.
  • RF blocks frequency-selective coupling elements and / or high-frequency blocks (RF blocks), such as.
  • B. Transformers, coupling capacitors, filters or crossovers are added to the primary transmission variable, ie are modulated on. Then the measurement signals do not impair the primary functions of the line system.
  • the generator and / or the measuring device are connected to the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line via coupling elements and, if appropriate, high-frequency blocks are arranged in front of and behind a measuring section on the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line.
  • a frequency range between 1 and 1000 MHz is favorable, the higher the frequency, the smaller the damping caused by the soil, but also the possible Penetration depth of the measuring field. This must be taken into account when selecting the frequency range.
  • a frequency range between 100 and 1000 MHz is used, in that the attenuation becomes negligible and the moisture only correlates with the dielectric.
  • a frequency range between 1 kHz and 450 kHz and / or 1 to 1000 MHz can be used for the measurement.
  • time-limited, low-frequency signal packets can then be used, which are suitable for measuring the throughput time along a long line.
  • Such signal packets are common and known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the signal waveform will be greatly deformed at the end and beginning of the packet, i.e. H. wear out, making it difficult to measure time.
  • the above-mentioned delay (due to the wet floors) can be replaced by measuring the phase change of the signal.
  • the wetter the soil the greater its dielectric constant and thus the phase change along the line. If the line is so long that several wavelengths of the measurement signal fit on the line, it must be ensured that the phase measurement is carried out correctly, i. H. the ambiguity of the phase range must be taken into account.
  • Multi-frequency measurements can be carried out for this. This has the advantage that the redundancy of the measurement is increased by the multi-frequency measurements, which in turn contributes to increased measurement accuracy.
  • the attenuation and / or time delay and / or phase change of the field between the at least two points in the at least one electrically conductive above-ground line is preferably measured.
  • the dielectric constant of water for direct current is up to approx. 1 gigahertz and 20 ° C approx. 80. Ice, on the other hand, has its relaxation frequency at approx. 10 kHz, so that its dielectric constant approaches 103 kHz below and above 3.16 above 400 kHz ("Snow Dielectric Measurements", Adv. Space Res. Volume 9, No. 1, 1989).
  • measurements are therefore carried out at at least two frequencies at which the dielectric numbers differ.
  • the measurement of ice and snow is further facilitated by the fact that they cause a very small damping of the measuring field.
  • a time-limited wave packet is switched to the measuring line by a generator.
  • the signal delayed by the soil moisture is routed to a receiver, for example through shielded cables.
  • the signals are led from the generator and from the receiver to a measuring device in which, in addition to the damping, the time difference between the signals (ie the transit time) is also measured.
  • the measured values obtained are then converted into the dielectric constant and conductivity and then finally accordingly into the moisture content.
  • a sine wave is switched to the measuring line by a sine generator whose frequency can be selected.
  • the signal which is influenced, for example, by the soil moisture
  • a phase-correct receiver through shielded cables.
  • the signals are led to a measuring device in that in addition to the damping, the phase change is also determined.
  • the measured values obtained are then converted into the dielectric constant and conductivity and then accordingly into the moisture content.
  • the receiver can be integrated in the measuring device and the generators and / or receivers can be connected to the measuring line either directly when the primary transmission is switched off or via coupling elements.
  • signal transmission is influenced by all lines, including those that are not directly connected to the generator or receiver for measurement.
  • all lines are provided with matching resistors at both ends.
  • Electrical engineers call devices "adapted" if their input and / or output impedances are equal to the measuring line impedance.
  • the measuring line impedance depends, for example, on the unknown soil moisture.
  • the impedance of the measuring line can be chosen so that it corresponds to the average soil moisture. Further details, features and advantages of the present invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention with interrupted primary transmission on the line L used.
  • Interrupted primary transmission means that the line L used, for example, in the normal case for the overland transmission of electricity, is used for a short time only for the measuring method according to the invention. This can be done either by decoupling the measuring line 1, for example by means of a switch, from the rest of the line L. However, it is also possible to shut down the entire line L for the short duration of the measurement.
  • All lines that are used for coupling the device according to the invention to the measuring line are shielded lines.
  • the line L is spanned by insulators I between electricity pylons M a few meters above the floor B.
  • the actual measuring line 1 which hovers above the ground B to be measured, is connected to a generator 2 and a combined receiver and measuring device 3 via coupling elements 9, 10, which are each arranged at the beginning and at the end of the measuring line.
  • the generator 2 is connected via a line 5 to the coupling element 9 at the start of the measuring line 1.
  • the combined receiver and measuring device 3 is connected to the coupling element 10 via a line 7.
  • the measurement signal generated by generator 2 is fed into measurement line 1 and passes through it, whereby damping, a delay or a phase change, or a combination of the three, occurs through interaction of the field lines generated by the current through which current flows with ground B. experiences the aforementioned parameters.
  • the signal is then recorded by the receiver 3 and fed into the measuring device combined with the original one Measuring signal, which passes from the generator to the receiver via a separate line 6, is compared, so that the damping, delay and phase change caused by the interaction of the field with the ground are determined.
  • the computational evaluation of the measured values determined by the measuring device is carried out in a data processing system 4 connected to the measuring device via a line 8, which in addition to the calculation and data acquisition can also be used to control the device (e.g. measuring times etc.).
  • the measurement signal can be modulated onto the line via frequency-selective coupling elements 9 and 10 during the primary transmission.
  • the transmission of the exhibition signal and the primary transmission take place in a different frequency range, so that they do not interfere and can take place in parallel.
  • the high-frequency locks 16 and 17, which are arranged in front of and behind the coupling elements 9 and 10, serve to prevent measurement errors and interference in primary operation. Otherwise, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to that from FIG. 1.
  • line L2 in addition to line L1, which represents the actual measuring line 1
  • the signal transmission is influenced not only by the actual measuring line 1, but also by the other lines L2.
  • the lines L2 not used for the measurement are connected at their respective ends
  • Matching resistors 13 and 14 are provided, which are connected to line L2 via coupling elements 12 and 11.
  • the impedance of line L2 at the input and output is adapted to the measurement line impedance via these resistors, so that the measurement line is quasi "suppressed".
  • the measuring line impedance depends, for example, on the moisture in the ground, so that it is difficult to adapt the line L2 impedance and theoretically it would have to be constantly changed.
  • a line impedance is set that corresponds to the average soil moisture.
  • resistors 15 and 16 are also provided on the generator 2 and on the receiver / measuring device 3, via which the impedance of the measuring line can be changed. This can be done, for example, during routine maintenance of the generator and the receiver / measuring device.
  • Measuring device / receiver 3 are connected to the floor B via a line 11. All the generator current then flows through the bottom and the full generator voltage is then between the bottom B and the
  • F run from line L to floor B, as shown in Fig. 4a. If several lines are used, there are also various switching options. The bottom can still be used for the return line and two or more parallel lines can be connected for the measuring line. As a result, the measuring device will act on the floor in a wider strip below the lines, as can be seen, for example, from FIGS. 5 and 5a.
  • the lines L1 and L2 are connected in parallel via coupling elements 13 and 14 connected to the elements 9 and 10, so that the field lines lead from the lines to the ground and cover a larger area. This also increases the depth of penetration of the measuring field into the ground.
  • two or more lines connected in parallel can be used for the line and / or the return line, so that the effect of the floor but also the attenuation is weakened more.
  • the measuring field can be influenced by the choice of the distance between the conductors (see Figs. 7a - 7c). As the distance between the lines increases, the penetration depth of the measuring field or field lines increases. I.e. With the permutation of the possible circuit arrangements in the case of multi-conductors, it is possible to achieve different measuring widths and different measuring depths. This also applies to wiring with different polarity of the lines.
  • the lines lie at different heights above the ground, since the materials usually used, such as steel, vary greatly in length with the temperature. For example, aluminum, copper and steel expand when the temperature rises and a pipe made of them "sags", reducing the distance to the floor. However, this also changes the measuring field in the ground, so that a correction of a possibly occurring temperature effect on the measured values is possible when using different measuring arrangements. This procedure can also be used to determine whether the lines themselves are iced up.
  • line L1 is connected via a Bridge 15 connected in series with the line L2, so that the coupling element 10 is arranged approximately at the same location as the coupling element 9 and the lines 6 and 7 between the generator, receiver and measuring line become short.
  • the generator, receiver and measuring device can also be designed in one housing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à déterminer des propriétés de la terre, notamment le taux d'humidité, et comprenant les étapes suivantes : génération d'un champ électromagnétique, permanent ou limité dans le temps, dans au moins une ligne aérienne électroconductrice par sollicitation avec une tension alternative de sorte que le champ pénètre dans la terre ; mesure d'au moins la durée de propagation du paquet d'ondes servant à générer le champ électromagnétique limité dans le temps ou d'une modification des paramètres de tension alternative du champ entre au moins deux points écartés l'un de l'autre dans le sens longitudinal de la ligne dans la ligne aérienne ; comparaison à des valeurs standard de la durée de propagation mesurée ou de la modification mesurée des paramètres de tension alternative entre ces deux points dans la ligne aérienne électroconductrice.
PCT/EP2003/011975 2002-11-19 2003-10-29 Procede et dispositif pour determiner des proprietes de la terre au moyen des proprietes de transmission d'une ligne aerienne, par exemple d'une ligne aerienne de transport d'energie WO2004046702A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03775245A EP1565730A1 (fr) 2002-11-19 2003-10-29 Procede et dispositif pour determiner des proprietes de la terre au moyen des proprietes de transmission d'une ligne aerienne, par exemple d'une ligne aerienne de transport d'energie
AU2003283312A AU2003283312A1 (en) 2002-11-19 2003-10-29 Method and device for determining properties of soil by means of transmission properties of an overhead line, e.g. an overhead electric cable

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10253772.0 2002-11-19
DE2002153772 DE10253772B4 (de) 2002-11-19 2002-11-19 Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Eigenschaften des Erdreichs

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WO2004046702A1 true WO2004046702A1 (fr) 2004-06-03

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PCT/EP2003/011975 WO2004046702A1 (fr) 2002-11-19 2003-10-29 Procede et dispositif pour determiner des proprietes de la terre au moyen des proprietes de transmission d'une ligne aerienne, par exemple d'une ligne aerienne de transport d'energie

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EP (1) EP1565730A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003283312A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10253772B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004046702A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104297452A (zh) * 2014-10-30 2015-01-21 安徽农业大学 基于无线传感器网络的土壤墒情数据预处理方法
CN104833393A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-08-12 西安工程大学 输电线路覆冰导线舞动空气动力参数监测装置及监测方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008002892B3 (de) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-31 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Eigenschaften des Erdreichs mit Hilfe von freien Radiowellen

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SU508843A1 (ru) * 1973-12-18 1976-03-30 Лини электропередачи
SU866631A1 (ru) * 1980-01-17 1981-09-23 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Электроэнергетики Устройство дл определени гололедной нагрузки на проводах линии электропередачи
DE3941032A1 (de) * 1988-12-12 1990-06-13 Vyzk Ustav Zemedelske Techniky Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung des wassergehalts in beliebigen materialien
US6313645B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2001-11-06 Forschungszenfrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Method of determining the volumetric proportion of liquid water and the density of snow and a device for carrying out the method

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SU508843A1 (ru) * 1973-12-18 1976-03-30 Лини электропередачи
SU866631A1 (ru) * 1980-01-17 1981-09-23 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Электроэнергетики Устройство дл определени гололедной нагрузки на проводах линии электропередачи
DE3941032A1 (de) * 1988-12-12 1990-06-13 Vyzk Ustav Zemedelske Techniky Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung des wassergehalts in beliebigen materialien
US6313645B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2001-11-06 Forschungszenfrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Method of determining the volumetric proportion of liquid water and the density of snow and a device for carrying out the method

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DATABASE INSPEC [online] INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; MESSERMAN D G: "Influence of stratified structure of soil on modal parameters of an overhead transmission line", XP002273102, Database accession no. 3235227 *
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H.BALTES, W.GÖPEL, J.HESSE: "Special Topic: RF & Microwave Sensing of Moist Materials", SENSORS UPDATE, vol. 7, 2000, pages 277 - 340, XP002273101, ISBN: 3-527-29821-5 *
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104297452A (zh) * 2014-10-30 2015-01-21 安徽农业大学 基于无线传感器网络的土壤墒情数据预处理方法
CN104833393A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-08-12 西安工程大学 输电线路覆冰导线舞动空气动力参数监测装置及监测方法

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DE10253772B4 (de) 2005-02-03
DE10253772A1 (de) 2004-06-09
AU2003283312A1 (en) 2004-06-15
EP1565730A1 (fr) 2005-08-24

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