WO2004038458A2 - Appareil permettant de produire une lumiere approximativement collimatee et procede permettant de faire durcir une couche photopolymerisable au moyen de cet appareil - Google Patents

Appareil permettant de produire une lumiere approximativement collimatee et procede permettant de faire durcir une couche photopolymerisable au moyen de cet appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004038458A2
WO2004038458A2 PCT/GB2003/004608 GB0304608W WO2004038458A2 WO 2004038458 A2 WO2004038458 A2 WO 2004038458A2 GB 0304608 W GB0304608 W GB 0304608W WO 2004038458 A2 WO2004038458 A2 WO 2004038458A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
collimator
layer
light source
passages
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/004608
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004038458A3 (fr
Inventor
Rifat Iqbal
William Nevil Heaton Johnson
Original Assignee
Microsharp Corporation Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microsharp Corporation Limited filed Critical Microsharp Corporation Limited
Priority to JP2004546192A priority Critical patent/JP4423200B2/ja
Publication of WO2004038458A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004038458A2/fr
Publication of WO2004038458A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004038458A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
    • G03F7/2008—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the reflectors, diffusers, light or heat filtering means or anti-reflective means used

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to apparatus for producing approximately collimated light and is of particular utility in circumstances where it is desired to provide a beam of approximately collimated light with a large cross-sectional area.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing optical diffusers.
  • US5837346 discloses a method of making a material suitable for a light diffusing screen, comprising providing a substrate having a textured surface applied to a layer of a light-tansmitting radiation polymerisable material, and forming optical features by exposure to a pattern of polymerising radiation.
  • EP0294122 discloses a method of making a light-diffusing material in which a sheet of photopolymerisable material is exposed to polymerising light through an optical mask comprising an array of tiansparent windows or apeituies in an opaque background.
  • EP0768565 discloses a similar method in which collimated light is directed obliquely onto such a layer through such a mask, or, in some variants, without such a mask.
  • WO02/39184 describes the production of diffusers from a photopolymerisable material incorporating a silicone-based material, such as silicone acrylate, in which, again, the photopolymerisable material, in an extended layer, is exposed to collimated ultia-violet light, either directly or through an aperture mask.
  • the light or other radiation used should be collimated, i.e. substantially parallel.
  • EP0294122, EP0775953, EP0768565, or WO02/39184 for example, entail exposing a photopolymerisable composition or system to polymerising radiation, such as UV light, the light or other radiation having been collimated by lenses.
  • EP0531045 employs a honeycomb element to collimate light emitted by an optical signal emitter assembly, for use in remotely controlling traffic signal lights by authorised vehicles.
  • apparatus for providing approximately collimated light comprising an extended light source and a structure arranged adjacent the extended light source and providing a plurality of parallel passages extending through the structure and through which passages light can pass from said extended light source to emerge substantially in a beam generally parallel with said passages, the apparatus further comprising a lens system or light diffuser system on one side of said structure.
  • the apparatus comprises a lens system on the side of said structure nearer said extended light source for further collimating light emerging fiom said structure.
  • a method of exposing a photopolymerisable material with a view to causing polymerisation thereof, for example to produce an optical diffuser comprising exposing the photopolymerisable material using a collimated light source in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view showing part of a honeycomb structure incorporated in an apparatus embodying the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side elevation view showing an apparatus embodying the invention in use to cure a photopolymerisable sample
  • Figure 3 illustrates, at (a), the effect of a lens in collimating light and, at (b), the effect of the honeycomb structure of Figure 1 in collimating light,
  • Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view shoeing principal parts of an apparatus embodying the invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view to a much enlarged scale illustrating polymerisation of a photopolymerisable monomer layer under the action of ultraviolet light directed onto the monomer layer through an aperture mask
  • Figure 6 illustrates variation in refractive index across a diameter of the area of photopolymer exposed through the mask aperture under the exposure regime illustrated in Figure 5.
  • an apparatus used for manufacturing an optical GRIN diffuser (a graded refractive index diffuser or a diffuser showing refractive index modulation) by a method similar to those disclosed in EP0294122, EP0775953, EP0768565, or WO02/39184, includes a honeycomb element 14 (for example having a repeating detailed structure such as illustrated in Figure 1) positioned in front of a light source 12 ( Figure 2).
  • the element 14 collimates light emitted by source 12 into a generally parallel, non-divergent beam.
  • the light source 12 is preferably a strip source, such as a strip light or tube providing a cheaper method than available hitherto of exposing a large area of a photopolymerisable sheet or layer at one time.
  • Photopolymers are defined as imaging compositions based on polymers/oligomers/monomers which can be selectively polymerised and/or crosslinked upon exposure by light radiation such as ultraviolet light.
  • photopolymerisable refers to chemical compounds such as monomers and oligomers, and chemical compositions or mixtures of these, capable of polymerising or copolymerising to produce a higher molecular weight materials such as an oligomer, polymer, or polymeric material upon exposure to light radiation.
  • the collimator element 14 is in the form of a generally flat panel formed by a honeycomb array of parallel open-ended cells, each of the cells having walls perpendicular to the major surfaces of the panel, which surfaces are in turn defined by the free edges of the walls of said cells.
  • the collimator 14 can be constructed with an array of cells of any desired cross-sectional shape, such as circular or square although the cells are preferably hexagonal in cross section.
  • each cell may have a diagonal dimension of about 0.35cm, and a height (corresponding to the panel thickness, of 3 to 20cm, with the entire collimator panel 14 being large enough to span the length and breadth of the strip light source.
  • the collimator can be formed from any light absorbent material, such as black anodised aluminium.
  • the effect of the honeycomb panel 14 is to ensure that most oblique light components (rays) emitted from the light source are absorbed by the honeycomb wall surfaces, and that only light components (rays) which are close to perpendicular to the major faces of the collimator 14 and thus parallel with the central axes of the cells of the honeycomb structure, can pass through the collimator.
  • the angular range of trajectories which pass through the collimator 14 is determined by the height, cross-sectional configuration and size of the collimator passages or cells.
  • approximately collimated light passing through the collimator 14 irradiates a layer 16 (referenced "sample") of photopolymerisable material supported on a glass plate 18.
  • the collimator 14 may be supported fiom the glass sheet 18 by spacers 20.
  • the distance between the light source 12 and the sample should be minimised for optimising the collimation of the light.
  • the dose of the collimated illumination received by sample 16 should be in the range of 750 to 850mJ/cm 2 , in order to produce a diffuse film.
  • the arrangement described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 provides more even light coverage, (as shown in Figure 3(b)) when used to illuminate an underlying sheet or layer 16, than an arrangement, (as shown in Figure 3(a)) using a localised light source 13 in combination with a collimating lens 15, since a more even distribution of optical power results when rays reaching the sheet travel the same distance (cf. Figure 3 (b)).
  • a point source 13 travelling to the edge of a sheet 16 will travel a greater distance and contain less optical power because of the spreading effect than light travelling through the centre of the lens 15 to reach the centre of the sheet 16, (cf. Figure 3(a)).
  • the strip light source 12 can be placed closer to the sample 16 using a honeycomb collimator 14 than is possible where a point source lamp is used in conjunction with a lens to produce a collimated beam.
  • Collimator 14 may be made by individually machining a plurality of apertures through a solid plate of material. Alternatively, such a collimator may be manufactured by close packing of discrete tubes or by creating a gird of square or rectangular passages by using a series of intersecting plates. Another method of manufacturing such a collimator comprises attaching corrugated thin strips of metal foil to one another at nodes where adjacent wall sections contact one another.
  • a preferred method of manufacture of the honeycomb collimator 14 for embodiments of this invention involves fixing superimposed flat strips together in a stack, such fixing being along transverse parallel lines which are staggered relative to each other between successive strips in the stack in such a way that the desired honeycomb structure is produced when the stack is expanded by a pull normal to the faces of the strips.
  • Such a collimator might also be formed by moulding, for example in a suitable plastics.
  • the cell walls of the collimator should be light absorbing, for example matt black.
  • Such lenses or prisms concentiate light in a forward direction, so giving a more homogeneous light patch (the homogeneity depending on the number of elements in the array and the distance between the last array and light patch).
  • two layers A and B of linear lenticular lenses are provided, one above the other, between the light source 12 and the collimator 14, the layers A and B having their major planes parallel with the major planes of collimator 14.
  • the layers A and B are, of course, made of a material that allows UV light to pass through, preferably silica quartz but more preferably of fused silica.
  • the first layer A comprises a cylindrical lens with its centre line parallel to the axis of the strip lamp 12 and the second layer B comprising an array of smaller cylindrical lenses with their centre lines perpendicular to the lamp 12.
  • the longitudinal directions of the linear elements, such as prismatic ribs or cylindrical lenses, in one layer are preferably positioned perpendicular to such longitudinal directions in the other layer.
  • a light diffusing sheet may be inteiposed between the light source and the collimator. Whilst, in Figure 4, for purposes of illustration, only a single strip light 12 is shown, in practice a plurality of such strip lights, arranged side by side parallel with each other may be used to provide a light source which is extended in two dimensions.
  • the layer In the case of a single layer of lenticular lenses positioned between the lamp 12 and the collimator 14, it is preferred for the layer to consists of multiple lenses oriented in the same way as those in layer B in Figure 4.
  • a single, two dimensional array of spherical lenses may be positioned between the collimator and the lamp.
  • a glass, preferably quartz, prism layer is positioned between the light source 12 and the collimator 14.
  • a graded refractive index (GRIN) diffuser is made by a technique similar to that disclosed in European Patent Number 0294122 or European Patent Number 0530269, and in which technique a layer of photopolymerisable material, for example an acrylamide monomer, provided in the form of a sheet or layer of viscous fluid or tacky gel, is applied to an optical mask featuring a plurality of light-tiansmitting apertures in an opaque background or a plurality of opaque patches in a light-transmitting background, these apertures or patches being on a microscopic scale (typically about 2 microns, and up to about 10 microns maximum dimension).
  • a microscopic scale typically about 2 microns, and up to about 10 microns maximum dimension
  • Figure 5 illustrates, to a much enlarged scale, the exposure of part of such a photopolymerisable layer 30 to ultra-violet radiation, through a single such light-tiansmitting aperture in such a mask.
  • Reference 32 indicates a supporting substrate for such a photopolymerisable layer.
  • the material is subjected to a blanketing exposure to ultraviolet light to cure the remainder of the material unexposed during the initial, selective exposure.
  • the material may be heated before or after the selective exposure.
  • Monomer diffusion occurs on exposure of the selected areas to polymerising radiation (see Figure 5), leading to regions of higher refractive index forming a rod or tube structure in the surrounding low refractive index material.
  • Figure 6 is a graph of refractive index (Y-axis) against radial position (X-axis) relative to the central axis of the mask aperture, of the resulting polymerised structure.).
  • the masks may take the form of a photographic negative or transparency in the conventional form of a glass plate bearing on one side a gelatine layer incorporating opaque silver grains.
  • the photopolymerisable mixture or system is coated directly onto the gelatine side of the prepared mask.
  • optical graded refractive index (GRIN) diffusers are manufactured by a process which is similar but in which no mask is used, the photopolymerisable mixture or system being coated directly onto a plain, transparent sheet or film. It is possible to obtain a diffuser with GRIN structure without using a mask only with certain chemical formulations.
  • WO02/39184 describes the production of diffusers from a system including a silicone acrylate or similar compound, with and without the use of masks.
  • a honeycomb structure may be used as a collimator for substantially collimating polymerising radiation which is used to expose a film of photopolymerisable material through an optical mask.
  • the mask may for example, be opaque apart from transparent lettering or numbering, the film, after such exposme to collimated light, being subjected to blanketing polymerising radiation to polymerise the previously unexposed regions.
  • the lettering or numbering will be substantially invisible when viewed in the direction of collimation of the collimated radiation but when viewed at the appropriate oblique angle the lettering or numbering will be discernible as being grey lettering or numbering against a clear background or clear lettering or numbering against an opaque background.
  • a honeycomb structure collimator in accordance with the present invention may be used in the production, (using a photopolymerisable material), of graded refiactive index diffusers for LCD displays or other optical devices.
  • a honeycomb structure collimator may be combined with one or more prisms, (or a microlens array or even a light diffuser), positioned between the collimator and the light source.
  • an optical mask may be, but need not be, positioned between the collimator and the photopolymerisable material.
  • Graded refractive index light diffusers manufactured as described above may be used for enhancing contrast in image display devices, including projection screens and LCD displays.
  • Such graded refractive index light diffusers produced by selective polymerisation of photopolymers as described above, for example by exposure through an optical mask or by exposure to collimated radiation without the use of an optical mask, have the property that they are polaiization-maintaining, i.e. that light passing through such a diffuser with a specified polarization maintains that polarization on exiting from the diffuser and likewise light passing through such a diffuser was no particular polarization has similarly no particular polarization on emerging from the diffusers.
  • This polaiization-maintaining property enhances efficiency and quality in display devices, such as projection screens and LCD displays.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Cet appareil permettant de produire une lumière approximativement collimatée, comporte une source lumineuse allongée, par exemple, un ou plusieurs portants (12), et une structure de panneau en nid d'abeilles à alvéoles ouvertes (14) placé contiguë de la source lumineuse. Le panneau en nid d'abeilles (14) définit plusieurs passages parallèles se déployant au travers de la structure, par lesquels passent les rayons lumineux approximativement parallèles à ces passages alors que les rayons lumineux inclinés à angle aigu vers les passages sont interceptés par les parois des cellules. De la sorte, la lumière, émanant de la source lumineuse (12) et traversant le panneau (14), sort sous la forme d'un faisceau en général parallèle aux passages. L'appareil peut également être équipé d'un système de lentilles (A, B).
PCT/GB2003/004608 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Appareil permettant de produire une lumiere approximativement collimatee et procede permettant de faire durcir une couche photopolymerisable au moyen de cet appareil WO2004038458A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004546192A JP4423200B2 (ja) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 略平行化された光を生成するための装置及びこの装置を使用して光重合可能な層を硬化する方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0224800A GB0224800D0 (en) 2002-10-24 2002-10-24 Apparatus for producing approximately collimated light and method of curing a photopolymerisable layer using the apparatus
GB0224800.3 2002-10-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004038458A2 true WO2004038458A2 (fr) 2004-05-06
WO2004038458A3 WO2004038458A3 (fr) 2004-09-10

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JP (1) JP4423200B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB0224800D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004038458A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8441730B2 (en) 2006-11-14 2013-05-14 Xiper Innovations, Inc. Non-attenuating light collimating articles for graphic arts

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JP5987522B2 (ja) * 2012-07-23 2016-09-07 ウシオ電機株式会社 テンプレート洗浄用光照射装置、ナノインプリント装置、テンプレート洗浄方法およびパターン形成方法
JP2014122970A (ja) * 2012-12-20 2014-07-03 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd パターン位相差フィルムの製造方法、露光装置及びマスク
KR20160101941A (ko) * 2013-11-29 2016-08-26 성낙훈 선광원 발생장치와 이를 구비한 노광기
KR101634715B1 (ko) * 2014-09-12 2016-06-29 금호전기주식회사 노광장치
KR101678515B1 (ko) * 2016-04-25 2016-11-22 금호전기주식회사 노광장치
KR102476093B1 (ko) * 2020-09-11 2022-12-12 주식회사 지엠지 주변 노광장치

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0294122A1 (fr) * 1987-06-01 1988-12-07 Sar Realisations Limited Système de présentation avec écran translucide et procédé pour sa fabrication
EP0571088A2 (fr) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'éclairage et appareil d'affichage d'image par projection qui l'utilise
WO1995031672A1 (fr) * 1994-05-13 1995-11-23 Alliedsignal Inc. Systeme d'eclairage comprenant un reseau de microprismes
US5513037A (en) * 1991-09-05 1996-04-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Rear-projection screen and a rear projection image display employing the rear-projection screen
EP0768565A2 (fr) * 1995-10-12 1997-04-16 Nashua Corporation Ecran à diffusion de la lumière
US5825442A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-10-20 Sony Corporation Liquid crystal display device and method for making same having a diffuser made of spherical particles in a transparent body
US20010017674A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-30 Akira Yamaguchi Illuminating device and liquid-crystal display apparatus
WO2002039183A1 (fr) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-16 Durand Technology Limited Materiaux d'enregistrement optique

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0294122A1 (fr) * 1987-06-01 1988-12-07 Sar Realisations Limited Système de présentation avec écran translucide et procédé pour sa fabrication
US5513037A (en) * 1991-09-05 1996-04-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Rear-projection screen and a rear projection image display employing the rear-projection screen
EP0571088A2 (fr) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'éclairage et appareil d'affichage d'image par projection qui l'utilise
WO1995031672A1 (fr) * 1994-05-13 1995-11-23 Alliedsignal Inc. Systeme d'eclairage comprenant un reseau de microprismes
US5825442A (en) * 1995-03-31 1998-10-20 Sony Corporation Liquid crystal display device and method for making same having a diffuser made of spherical particles in a transparent body
EP0768565A2 (fr) * 1995-10-12 1997-04-16 Nashua Corporation Ecran à diffusion de la lumière
US20010017674A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-30 Akira Yamaguchi Illuminating device and liquid-crystal display apparatus
WO2002039183A1 (fr) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-16 Durand Technology Limited Materiaux d'enregistrement optique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
CALIXTO S ET AL: "ULTRAVIOLET SELF-GENERATING RELIEF MICRO-OPTICAL ELEMENTS THROUGH CROSSLINKING PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID RESINS" EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL APPLIED PHYSICS, EDP SCIENCES, LES ULIS, FR, vol. 8, no. 1, October 1999 (1999-10), pages 29-35, XP000948512 ISSN: 1286-0042 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8441730B2 (en) 2006-11-14 2013-05-14 Xiper Innovations, Inc. Non-attenuating light collimating articles for graphic arts
US8867135B2 (en) 2006-11-14 2014-10-21 Xiper Innovations, Inc. Non-attenuating light collimating articles for graphic arts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0224800D0 (en) 2002-12-04
JP4423200B2 (ja) 2010-03-03
WO2004038458A3 (fr) 2004-09-10
JP2006504987A (ja) 2006-02-09

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