WO2004034893A1 - 検眼装置および検眼方法 - Google Patents
検眼装置および検眼方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004034893A1 WO2004034893A1 PCT/JP2003/010733 JP0310733W WO2004034893A1 WO 2004034893 A1 WO2004034893 A1 WO 2004034893A1 JP 0310733 W JP0310733 W JP 0310733W WO 2004034893 A1 WO2004034893 A1 WO 2004034893A1
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- chart
- determination
- myopia
- hyperopia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
- A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
- A61B3/036—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters for testing astigmatism
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optometric apparatus and an optometric method for subjectively performing an optometry by allowing an examinee to visually recognize an optotype displayed on a display means by one of the left and right eyes.
- the present invention relates to an optometry apparatus and an optometry method suitable for optometry performed to determine a lens power when selling. Background art
- the refractive index of the eyeball is objectively determined using auto-refractometry, and the eyesight is actually worn by using the provided corrective lens.
- the method of confirmation has been generally adopted.
- a remote visual acuity determination system disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-286442.
- a visual target for visual acuity determination called a Landolt's ring as shown in FIG. 19 is displayed on a computer screen, and the size of the visual target is changed so that the examinee can see each of the left and right eyes.
- Visual acuity is determined by selecting the smallest visible target.
- the Landolt ring is rotated to determine the direction in which the subject can see the discontinuity, and a target for astigmatic axis determination as shown in Fig. 20 is displayed on the computer screen.
- the astigmatic axis is determined by displaying and displaying the darkest direction for each of the left and right eyes on the left and right eyes, and the visual acuity is determined by a visual acuity determination target in the determined astigmatic axis and a direction orthogonal thereto. judge.
- the examinee in optometry using a computer screen, the examinee must input the visual recognition result using a mouse or the like, so the distance between the examinee's eye and the optotype is restricted to a certain range. It is difficult to distinguish between hyperopia and myopia with only the visual acuity target.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide an optometric apparatus and an optometric method which can accurately perform optometry on a wide range of powers having astigmatism 'myopia' and hyperopia, and particularly can respond to a person having mixed astigmatism. That is. Disclosure of the invention
- the invention according to claim 1 is an optometry apparatus that allows an examinee to visually recognize an optotype displayed on a display means in one of left and right eyes and obtains a result visually recognized by the examinee to subjectively perform optometry.
- a target for determining the astigmatic axis angle is displayed, and the astigmatic axis angle is determined by acquiring the result visually recognized by the subject; and the astigmatic axis angle determining means is selected based on the determined astigmatic axis angle.
- optotypes for determining hyperopia and myopia in the two orthogonal directions and obtaining the visual recognition result of the subject, it is possible to determine hyperopia and myopia at the determined astigmatic axis angle and an angle orthogonal thereto.
- An optometry apparatus comprising: a frequency determination unit configured to determine an axis angle and a frequency of an angle orthogonal thereto.
- the optometry apparatus of the present invention includes hyperopia / myopia determination means and has a function of determining whether the eye of the subject is hyperopia or myopia, even if the examinee includes a person having hyperopia, Optometry can be performed accurately.
- the astigmatic axis angle determining means determines the astigmatic axis of the subject
- the hyperopic / myopic determining means individually determines hyperopia and myopia in the two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis, and determines the frequency. Since it has a function to determine the power in two orthogonal directions selected based on the axis of astigmatism by a means, even a person with mixed astigmatism can perform optometry.
- the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the astigmatic axis angle determination means arranges a large number of straight lines in parallel in four directions of approximately 45 degrees, approximately 90 degrees, approximately 135 degrees, and approximately 180 degrees.
- Means for displaying an astigmatic axis determination chart including the four targets; means for causing the subject to select a target that appears dark for the displayed astigmatic axis determination chart; and the astigmatic axis determination.
- the examinee In an optometry apparatus that allows the subject to visually inspect the optotype displayed on the display means, the examinee is required to visually recognize the optotype displayed on the display means alone to make a judgment.
- the determination of the astigmatism axis differs slightly depending on the distance between the target and the eye of the subject, and the average person uses a target in which one straight line is radially arranged or two straight lines.
- the astigmatism axis angle determination means arranges a large number of straight lines in parallel in four directions of approximately 45 degrees, approximately 90 degrees, approximately 135 degrees, and approximately 180 degrees.
- Means for displaying a first astigmatism axis determination chart including the four indices; means for selecting a target that the subject to be examined looks darker with respect to the displayed first astigmatism axis determination chart;
- Means for displaying a second astigmatic axis determination chart including four optotypes in which a number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in four directions substantially in the middle of the directions, and the displayed second astigmatic axis determination chart Means for selecting a target that looks dark for the subject, and a target selected for the first astigmatic axis determination chart and the second target for the second astigmatic axis determination chart.
- the optometry apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: means for determining an astigmatic axis angle based on the target.
- the astigmatic axis angle determination means an optotype consisting of a linear group in which a large number of straight lines are arranged in parallel is used, and in four directions at 45-degree intervals Since the astigmatic axis determination chart in which the limited targets are combined is displayed to allow the examinee to select a target that looks dark, even an ordinary person can easily determine the astigmatic axis and suppress erroneous determination.
- an astigmatic axis judgment chart combining targets in four directions between 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees is displayed to select a target that appears dark to the examinee.
- the astigmatism axis angle is determined from the optotypes selected for the two astigmatism axis determination charts, so that the intermediate angle is calculated from the angles of the optotypes selected for the two astigmatism axis determination charts.
- the astigmatism axis can be determined, and the astigmatism axis angle can be determined with substantially twice the resolution for the displayed targets in a total of eight directions.
- the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the astigmatism axis angle determination means arranges a large number of straight lines in parallel in four directions of approximately 45 degrees, approximately 90 degrees, approximately 135 degrees, and approximately 180 degrees.
- Means for displaying a second astigmatic axis determination chart including four optotypes in which a number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in four directions substantially in the middle of the four directions, and the displayed second astigmatic axis Means for selecting an optotype that the examinee looks dark for the judgment chart, an optotype selected by the examinee for the first astigmatic axis judgment chart, and the second astigmatism axis judgment chart Means for displaying a third astigmatic axis determination chart including the target selected by the subject; and the displayed third astigmatic axis Means
- the optometry method further comprising: means for determining an astigmatic axis angle based on the selected optotype and the optotype selected for the third astigmatic axis determination chart.
- the astigmatic axis angle determination means an astigmatic axis obtained by combining an optotype limited to four directions at 45-degree intervals using an optotype consisting of a linear group in which many straight lines are arranged in parallel.
- the judgment chart is displayed so that the examinee can select an optotype that looks dark, so that ordinary people can easily judge the astigmatism axis, and erroneous judgment can be suppressed.
- a second astigmatic axis determination chart combining targets in four directions between 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees * 180 degrees is displayed, and the examinee sees a darker visual axis.
- a target is selected, and a third astigmatism axis determination chart combining the targets selected for the two astigmatism axis determination charts is displayed, and the examinee is allowed to select a target that appears dark, and the three astigmatism axes are selected. Since the astigmatic axis angle is determined from the optotype selected for the judgment chart, it is necessary to determine the astigmatic axis at an intermediate angle by calculation from the optotype angles selected for the three astigmatic axis judgment charts. As a result, the astigmatic axis angle can be determined with substantially twice the resolution of the displayed targets in a total of eight directions.
- the astigmatic axis angle of the subject can be determined more accurately.
- the hyperopia and myopia determination means is arranged so that the background has a reddish color region and a bluedish background region in one of the selected two orthogonal directions.
- the determination chart according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: means for determining hyperopia / myopia at the determined astigmatic axis angle and an angle orthogonal thereto based on the result selected for the determination chart. It is an optometry apparatus.
- the hyperopia / myopia determination means uses a black system color in either of two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis angle determination means in both regions.
- An optotype having a straight line is used, and a first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged in one of two directions in both regions; Display a second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which straight lines are arranged in the other direction, and allow the subject to select which area of the straight line is clearly visible for each hyperopia / myopia judgment chart. Then, hyperopia and myopia at the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and at angles orthogonal thereto are determined.
- the red-based color focuses on the back side and the blue-based color focuses on the near side due to chromatic aberration.
- the system uses the fact that the red-colored area looks clearer and in the case of hyperopia, the blue-colored area looks clearer, and the examinee determines which area is clearer. You can easily judge because you only need to do it.
- the hyperopia / myopia determination chart has a directional property in which straight lines are arranged in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis angle determining means in the two color regions where chromatic aberration occurs. Since the target is displayed, the angle dependence of hyperopia and myopia can be detected. As a result, the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the angle orthogonal thereto can be independently hyperopia and myopia. Judgment can be made, and it can respond to people with mixed astigmatism.
- the invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the hyperopia / myopia determination means is arranged so that the background is in one of the two orthogonal directions selected to be both a red-based area and a blue-based area.
- Means for selecting whether or not the first hyperopia / myopia The result selected for the constant chart, the result selected for the second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart, the result selected for the third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart, and the fourth hyperopia The astigmatic axis angle determined based on the result selected for the myopia determination chart and the hyperopia at an angle orthogonal thereto.
- the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a determination unit.
- the astigmatism axis determined by the astigmatism axis angle determination means has an area having a reddish color background and an area having a bluedish color background.
- An optotype with a black-colored straight line arranged in one of two orthogonal directions selected based on the angle is used, and a straight line is drawn in one of the two directions in both areas.
- a third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged in the one direction and a straight line is arranged in the other direction of the two directions in the other area; and the other of the two directions in one area.
- a fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart is displayed, and the examinee is allowed to select which area of a straight line is clearly visible for each hyperopia / myopia judgment chart. And hyperopia and myopia at an angle perpendicular to it.
- the red-based color focuses on the back side and the blue-based color focuses on the near side due to chromatic aberration.
- the system uses the fact that the red-colored area looks clearer and in the case of hyperopia, the blue-colored area looks clearer, and the examinee determines which area is clearer. You can easily judge because you only need to do it.
- the hyperopia / myopia determination chart has a directional property in which straight lines are arranged in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis angle determining means in the two color regions where chromatic aberration occurs. Since the target is displayed, the angle dependence of hyperopia and myopia can be detected. As a result, the axis of astigmatism of the subject It is possible to determine hyperopia and myopia independently for each of the angles and angles perpendicular to it, and it can be used for people with mixed astigmatism.
- the first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged in one of the two directions in both areas, two directions are provided in both areas.
- the third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which the straight line whose direction was changed were arranged were used to judge hyperopia / myopia. Even if an erroneous judgment is made, it is possible to make a correct judgment by mutually checking the results selected in the four charts, and the astigmatic axis angle of the examinee and the hyperopia and myopia at angles orthogonal to it can be obtained. More accurate determination can be made.
- the examinee selects either "red system color area" or "looks the same". If "blue color region" is not selected, there is no hyperopic factor, so judgment using the third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart May be omitted. As a result, hyperopia and myopia can be determined more efficiently.
- the hyperopia / myopia judgment means sets the luminance of the blue system color area of the hyperopia / myopia judgment chart lower than the luminance of the red system color area.
- an optometric apparatus according to claim 6.
- the computer screen is often viewed at a distance where the hand is reached (about 60 to 70 cm). At this distance, the hyperopia / myopia judgment chart using two colors of red and blue colors. Is displayed and the subject is judged. If the subject has relatively good visual acuity or weak myopia, the distance to the screen is relatively short, so some people focus behind the retina. In some cases, a blue color region was selected.
- the optometry apparatus provides a system for determining a hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in a blue-based color area. Since the brightness was set lower than the brightness of the reddish color area, the subject with normal vision or weak myopia could erroneously select the bluedish color area even when viewing the computer screen at a reach distance. Prevention of hyperopia and myopia can be determined more accurately.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the hyperopia / myopia determination means limits a display time of each of the hyperopia-myopia determination charts.
- the display time of each hyperopia / myopia judgment chart is limited, so that the examinee can make a judgment in a state where the accommodation power of the eye does not significantly work. This is especially effective when the size of the optotype is fixed, and the examinee is allowed to approach the position where the optotype can be easily seen, and the examinee is required to focus on the eye in order to focus firmly. By making the adjustment power of the robot work harder, it is possible to prevent erroneous judgments.
- the power determination means is a power determination wheel in which the size of a target in which a fixed number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in the selected two orthogonal directions is changed stepwise.
- the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising means for determining the determined astigmatic axis angle and a frequency of an angle orthogonal thereto.
- the frequency determination means a target in which a certain number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis angle determining means is provided.
- the frequency judgment chart with the size changed step by step in accordance with the frequency, the examinee was asked to select the smallest target that can correctly recognize the number of straight lines.
- the number of steps of the size of the target can be increased, thereby increasing the resolution of the frequency determination, and increasing the astigmatic axis angle and the astigmatic axis angle of the subject.
- the frequency at an angle perpendicular to that can be determined with high accuracy.
- the frequency judgment chart may include all the targets whose sizes are changed stepwise in one chart, and select the smallest target that can be visually recognized from among them. It is also possible to divide the chart into a plurality of sections according to the size, and to switch and display the chart including the charts to select the smallest viewable target. Further, one chart may include only one target, and the chart may be switched in a descending order to be displayed to determine the smallest target that can be viewed.
- the frequency determination unit is configured to combine optotypes having a step difference of 2 or more in size in which a fixed number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in the selected two orthogonal directions.
- the frequency determination means a target in which a certain number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis angle determining means is provided.
- a plurality of frequency judgment charts in which optotypes having a size step difference of 2 or more are sequentially displayed corresponding to the frequency, and the examinee can visually recognize the number of straight lines correctly for each frequency judgment chart. Because the smallest target is selected, the size of the target is smaller than when the conventional Landolt ring is rotated to determine a partial cut. Since the number of steps can be taken, the resolution of the power determination is increased, and the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the power of the angle orthogonal to the astigmatic axis angle can be accurately determined.
- the frequency can be correctly checked by mutual checking. This makes it possible to determine the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto with higher accuracy.
- the width of the fixed number of straight lines arranged at both outer ends in the width direction is 0.5 to 2.0 times the width of the straight lines.
- both sides of the fixed number of straight lines arranged in the width direction are provided with both side bands having a constant width and contrast with respect to the straight line, so that when pseudo resolution occurs,
- the straight lines appearing on both side bands have a contrast with the background, making it easy to see, and the subject can easily judge that pseudo-resolution has occurred.
- Item 21 is an optometry apparatus according to item 11.
- the color between the both bands and the line is changed, and the luminance of the both bands is set to be higher than the luminance between the lines. It is easy to judge and the smallest target that can be more accurately recognized can be selected. This makes it possible to more accurately determine the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto.
- the brightness here means the brightness that light perceives when entering the eye.
- Y 0.299 R + 0.587G + 0.114B
- the straight line is a black system color
- a space between the straight lines is a green system color
- the both side bands are a yellow system color.
- the optometry apparatus is characterized in that in the frequency judgment chart, the straight lines to be arranged are black system color, the interval between the lines is blue system color, and both side bands are yellow system color. was particularly easy for the subject to see and could be judged accurately.
- the frequency determination means causes the subject to visually recognize the optotype at a distance far from the display means, and selects the smallest optotype that can be visually recognized.
- An optometry apparatus is characterized in that in the frequency determination means, a frequency determination means that determines the frequency by visually recognizing a target at a distance far from the display means; Means for determining the astigmatic axis angle of the examinee and the frequency of the angle orthogonal to the astigmatic axis angle based on the optotype selected by the distant power judging means and the optotype selected by the near frequency judging means. It has a function.
- the distant power determination means it is possible to determine the power even in a hyperopic or presbyopic subject who is farther than the near point distance and within the range of accommodation power.
- the subject's astigmatic axis is determined by using the optotype selected by distant power determination and the optotype selected by nearby power determination.
- the degree can be calculated by determining hyperopia and myopia at an angle and an angle orthogonal thereto. For example, the difference between the size of the optotype selected in the distant frequency judgment and the size of the optotype selected in the near frequency judgment is obtained. Is judged to be nearsighted, or if this is negative and it is less than a certain value.
- the optotype selected in the distant power judgment and the optotype selected in the nearby power judgment are mutually checked and the subject is checked.
- the error may be corrected, and in the determination of the power, the power may be calculated by using both the target selected in the distant power determination and the target selected in the near power. .
- hyperopia / myopia determination and power determination at the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and at angles orthogonal thereto can be performed with higher accuracy.
- test is performed at a distance (approximately 60 to 70 cm) at which the examinee reaches his hand and touches the display means.
- judgment of a nearby frequency is made by vertically placing A4 paper between the examinee's eye and the display means. It may be performed at a set distance (about 30 cm).
- the near frequency determination means is a predetermined age or older and the subject is determined to be hyperopic by the hyperopia / myopia determination means, and the hyperopia / myopia determination means 15.
- the frequency determination means determines the near frequency only for a person with hyperopia and a person who cannot be determined by the hyperopia / myopia determination means for a certain age or more. For people with good sight and people with myopia, good results can be obtained only by determining the frequency at a distance. As described above, the frequency determination of a nearby person is performed only when necessary, so that the frequency of the subject can be efficiently determined.
- the frequency determination means is a line in which red-based straight lines and blue-based straight lines of uniform thickness are alternately arranged in the two selected orthogonal directions.
- the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: means for determining the determined astigmatic axis angle and a frequency of an angle orthogonal to the determined astigmatic axis angle based on the target.
- a target having a line group region in which red-based color straight lines and blue-based color straight lines are alternately arranged and a reference color region of one of the straight lines and the same color is associated with the frequency.
- the frequency is determined using a frequency determination chart in which the size is changed stepwise.
- the subject can intuitively determine the smallest visual target that can be viewed, and the problem of erroneously determining the number of straight lines by pseudo-resolution is reduced.
- colors used are not necessarily limited to red-based colors and blue-based colors, as long as the subject can clearly recognize that the colors have been mixed. May be used.
- the smallest visual target that can be visually recognized is selected using a target whose size is changed stepwise according to the frequency, but the two colors are arranged alternately in a radial pattern.
- the frequency may be determined based on the distance from the center of the position closest to the visible center after being separated into two colors.
- the determination since the frequency corresponding to the azimuth can be determined, the determination may be used to simultaneously perform the determination of the astigmatic axis angle and the frequency determination.
- the combination of colors to be mixed in a long wavelength portion and the combination in a short wavelength portion are combined so that the astigmatic axis determination, the hyperopia / myopia determination, and the frequency determination are performed simultaneously. May be. This makes it possible to perform optometry very efficiently.
- the frequency determination means is a line in which red-based straight lines and blue-based straight lines having a uniform thickness are alternately arranged in the two selected orthogonal directions.
- the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: means for determining the determined astigmatic axis angle and a frequency of an angle orthogonal thereto based on the obtained target.
- a target having a line group region in which red-based color straight lines and blue-based color straight lines are alternately arranged and a reference color region of one of the straight lines and the same color is associated with the frequency.
- a plurality of frequency determination charts with a step size difference of 2 or more are sequentially displayed to determine the frequency.
- the determination of visual approval is made based on a mixture of two colors. Can intuitively determine the smallest target that can be viewed, and the problem of erroneously determining the number of straight lines by pseudo-resolution is reduced.
- the frequency can be correctly checked by mutual checking. This makes it possible to determine the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto with higher accuracy.
- the invention according to claim 18 is characterized in that: a means for displaying a coarse judgment chart in which the size of an optotype consisting of a figure having no directivity is changed stepwise; and the displayed coarse judgment chart Means for selecting the smallest target visually recognizable by the subject; andcoarse determining means for determining a rough appearance of the subject, wherein the astigmatic axis determining means comprises: 5.
- the coarse determination means determines the coarse appearance of the subject using the coarse determination chart
- the astigmatic axis angle determination means determines the size of the target displayed based on the coarse visual appearance. Since the adjustment is performed, the examinee can determine the astigmatic axis with a target having an appropriate size according to his or her own visual acuity, which facilitates the determination. Since the rough judgment chart uses an optotype consisting of figures having no directivity, it is possible to judge a rough appearance without being affected by the astigmatic axis angle even when the subject has astigmatism. it can.
- the invention according to claim 19 is characterized in that: a means for displaying a rough judgment chart in which the size of an optotype consisting of a figure having no directivity is changed stepwise; and the displayed coarse judgment chart Means for selecting the smallest visual target that can be visually recognized by the subject, and coarse determination means for determining a rough appearance of the test subject, wherein the hyperopia / myopia determination means comprises: The optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising means for adjusting a width and an interval of a straight line arranged on each of the hyperopia / myopia judgment charts to be displayed, based on the appearance. .
- the coarse determination means determines the rough appearance of the subject using the coarse determination chart, and the hyperopia / myopia determination means arranges the straight lines arranged in each hyperopia / myopia determination chart based on the coarse appearance. Since the width and the interval are adjusted, the subject can determine hyperopia and myopia with a target having an appropriate size according to his or her visual acuity.
- the width of the straight line arranged in the hyperopia / myopia judgment chart may be increased with respect to the interval as the frequency of the subject increases.
- the reddish color expands and the straight line becomes difficult to see for a person with strong myopia, so that it is possible to alleviate the problem that it is difficult to make a determination.
- the rough judgment chart uses an optotype consisting of figures having no directivity, it is possible to judge a rough appearance without being affected by the astigmatic axis angle even when the subject has astigmatism. it can.
- the invention according to claim 20 is characterized in that: a means for displaying a rough determination chart in which the size of an optotype composed of a figure having no directivity is changed stepwise; and the displayed coarse determination chart Select the smallest target that can be seen by the subject Means for causing the subject to be examined to have a rough appearance.
- the power determination means comprises: an optotype of the power determination chart displayed based on the determined coarse appearance.
- the coarse determination means determines the coarse appearance of the subject using the coarse determination chart, and the frequency determination means limits the range of the size of the optotype used based on the coarse visual appearance.
- the rough judgment chart uses an optotype consisting of figures having no directivity, it is possible to judge a rough appearance without being affected by the astigmatic axis angle even when the subject has astigmatism. it can.
- the invention according to claim 21 is characterized in that at least one of the astigmatic axis angle determination means, the hyperopia / myopia determination means, and the power determination means shields external light from entering the eye of the subject.
- the optometry apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the optotype is visually recognized by an operator.
- the illumination conditions when the subject visually recognizes the target are constant, and more accurate You can see your eyes well.
- the pupil of the subject is enlarged and the depth of focus is reduced, so that the target can be easily determined.
- an opaque cylinder wound with newspaper or A4 paper may be set between the eye of the subject and the display means.
- a certain standard such as newspaper or A4 paper is used, the distance between the subject's eye and the optotype displayed on the display means can be kept constant. The eye can be examined more accurately.
- the invention according to claim 22 is characterized in that a start eyeball model is selected based on the power determined by the power determination means, the validity of the model at an arbitrary adjustment point of the subject is verified, An eyeball optical model determining means for determining a model, and a lens power determining means for verifying light-collecting performance when the subject wears eyeglasses and a contrast lens using the eyeball optical model, and determining a lens power.
- the optometric apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising:
- the optometry apparatus of the present invention generates an eyeball optical model simulating the eye of the subject based on the power determined by the power determination means by the eyeball optical model determination means, and the eyeball optical model is generated by the lens power determination means. Since the lens power is determined by verifying the light-collecting performance after correction using the recommended lens, the examinee can select eyeglasses or contact lenses with high accuracy that suit their eyes.
- the invention according to claim 23 is an optometry in which the subject displayed on the display means is visually recognized by one of the left and right eyes, and the subject is visually inspected by acquiring a result visually recognized.
- the optotype for judging hyperopia and myopia in the two orthogonal directions is displayed, and the result of visual recognition by the subject is obtained, and the step of judging hyperopia and myopia at the determined astigmatic axis angle and the angle orthogonal thereto is performed.
- the optometry method of the present invention includes a stip for determining hyperopia and myopia, and determines whether the eye of the subject is hyperopia or myopia. Therefore, the examinee includes a person who has hyperopia. Can be examined with high precision.
- the step of determining the astigmatic axis angle determines the astigmatic axis of the subject, and the step of determining hyperopia and myopia separately determines hyperopia and myopia in the two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis. Since the power is determined in the two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatism axis in the power determination step, even a person having mixed astigmatism can accurately perform an optometry.
- the step of determining the astigmatic axis angle includes four optotypes in which a number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in four directions of approximately 45 degrees, approximately 90 degrees, approximately 135 degrees, and approximately 180 degrees.
- the optometry method in the step of determining the astigmatic axis angle, Using an optotype consisting of linear groups of numbers arranged in parallel, and displaying an astigmatic axis determination chart combining optotypes limited to four directions at 45-degree intervals, to be denser to the examinee Since visible targets are selected, ordinary people can easily determine the axis of astigmatism and suppress erroneous determination.
- the second astigmatic axis determination chart combining targets in four directions between 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees is displayed, and the examinee looks dark.
- a third astigmatism axis determination chart combining the targets selected for the two astigmatism axis determination charts is displayed, and the subject is allowed to select a target that appears dark. Since the astigmatic axis angle is determined from the optotypes selected for the three astigmatism axis determination charts, an intermediate angle between the three astigmatic axis determination charts is calculated from the angles of the optotypes selected for the three astigmatism axis determination charts.
- the astigmatic axis can be determined, and the astigmatic axis angle can be determined with substantially twice the resolution for the displayed targets in a total of eight directions.
- the astigmatic axis angle of the subject can be determined more accurately.
- the step of determining hyperopia and myopia is performed by selecting one of the two orthogonal directions selected for both a red-based area and a blue-based area.
- a step of selecting which area of the straight line is clearly visible, and arranging a black system color straight line in the one of the two orthogonal directions selected in the red system color area in the background Displaying a third hyperopia / myopia determination chart in which a black system color straight line is arranged in the other of the two selected orthogonal directions in a blue system color region; and A third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart that allows the subject to select which area of the straight line is clearly visible; and A fourth line in which a black system color straight line is arranged in the other direction, and a black system color straight line is arranged in the one of the two orthogonal directions selected in the background blue region; Displaying a hyperopia / myopia determination chart; Causing the subject to select which area of the straight line is clearly visible with respect to the fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart, and the result selected for the first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the second 2 based on the result selected for the hyperopia / myopia determination chart, the result selected for the third hyperopia / myopia
- the step of determining the astigmatic axis angle in both the areas includes a red-based area and a blue-based area in the background.
- An optotype with a black system color straight line arranged in one of two orthogonal directions selected based on the determined astigmatic axis angle is used.
- a fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which straight lines are arranged in the one direction is displayed, and the subject is allowed to select whether the straight line in any region is clearly visible for each hyperopia / myopia judgment chart. Then, the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and hyperopia and myopia at angles orthogonal thereto are determined.
- the red-based color focuses on the back side and the blue-based color focuses on the near side due to chromatic aberration.
- the system uses the fact that the red-colored area looks clearer and in the case of hyperopia, the blue-colored area looks clearer, and the examinee determines which area is clearer. You can easily judge because you only need to do it.
- the hyperopia / myopia judgment chart shows the directionality in which straight lines are arranged in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatism axis angle determined in the step of judging the astigmatism axis angle in the two color regions where chromatic aberration occurs. Since the target is displayed, the angle dependence of hyperopia and myopia can be detected. As a result, hyperopia / myopia can be determined independently for each of the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the angle orthogonal thereto, and it is possible to cope with mixed astigmatism.
- the first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart In the above, if the examinee selects either “red-based area” or “same-looking” and does not select “blue-based area”, there is no cause of hyperopia. Since it is conceivable, the judgment using the third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the fourth hyperopia / myopia judgment chart may be omitted. As a result, hyperopia and myopia can be determined more efficiently.
- the optotype in the step of determining the power, the optotype having a step difference of 2 or more in size in which a fixed number of straight lines are arranged in parallel with respect to the selected two orthogonal directions.
- the step of determining the power a visual observation in which a certain number of straight lines are arranged in parallel in two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle determined in the step of determining the astigmatic axis angle.
- a plurality of frequency judgment charts each consisting of a combination of targets with a step size difference of 2 or more, are displayed sequentially according to the frequency of the target, and the examinee can correctly see the number of straight lines for each frequency judgment chart.
- the number of steps of the target size can be increased compared to the case where the conventional Landolt ring is rotated to determine a partial cut, As a result, the resolution of the frequency determination is increased, and the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto can be accurately determined.
- the examinee selects the smallest target that can be visually recognized from optotypes with small step differences.
- the frequency can be correctly checked by mutual checking. This makes it possible to determine the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto with higher accuracy.
- the step of judging the power is performed by judging a power that is far away from the display means so as to allow the examinee to visually recognize the visual target at a distance far from the display means and to select the smallest visual target.
- the visual target in the step of determining the power, is visually recognized at a distance far from the display means and the power is determined to determine the power. And a step of determining the frequency of the distant frequency.
- the apparatus has a function of determining the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of an angle orthogonal to the astigmatic axis angle based on the target and the optotype selected in the step of determining the nearby power.
- the distant power determination means it is possible to determine the power even in a hyperopic or presbyopic subject who is farther than the near point distance and within the range of accommodation power.
- hyperopia / myopia cannot be determined in the step of determining hyperopia / myopia, the subject is examined using the optotype selected in the distant frequency judgment and the optotype selected in the near number judgment. It is possible to calculate the power by judging hyperopia and myopia of the astigmatic axis angle and the angle orthogonal thereto.
- the difference between the size of the optotype selected in the distant power judgment and the size of the optotype selected in the near power judgment is obtained, and when this is positive and equal to or greater than a certain value (that is, the near visual When the target is better visible, it is determined to be myopic; when it is negative and less than a certain value (ie, when a distant target is better visible), it is determined to be hyperopic;
- a certain value that is, the near visual
- a certain value that is, the near visual
- the optotype selected in the distant power judgment and the optotype selected in the nearby power judgment are mutually checked to determine whether the target is hyperopic or myopic.
- the error of the examiner may be corrected, and in the determination of the power, the power is calculated by using both the visual target selected in the distant power determination and the visual target selected in the nearby power. May be.
- test is performed at a distance (approximately 60 to 70 cm) at which the examinee reaches his hand and touches the display means. May be performed at a distance (about 30 cm).
- the step of judging the frequency comprises: in the selected two orthogonal directions, a red-based straight line and a blue-based straight line having a uniform thickness are alternately formed.
- the optometry method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, further comprising: a step of determining the determined astigmatic axis angle and a frequency of an angle orthogonal thereto based on the target selected for the target. It is.
- a target having a line group region in which red-based color straight lines and blue-based color straight lines are alternately arranged and a reference color region having the same color as one of the straight lines is associated with a frequency.
- the frequency is determined using a frequency determination chart whose size is changed stepwise.
- the subject can intuitively determine the smallest target that can be viewed, and the problem of erroneously determining the number of straight lines by pseudo-resolution is reduced. Be summed up.
- colors used are not necessarily limited to red-based colors and blue-based colors, and any combination of colors may be used as long as the examinee can clearly recognize that the colors have been mixed.
- the smallest visual target that can be visually recognized is selected using a target whose size is changed stepwise according to the frequency, but the two colors are arranged alternately in a radial pattern.
- the frequency may be determined based on the distance from the center of the position closest to the visible center after being separated into two colors.
- the determination since the frequency corresponding to the azimuth can be determined, the determination may be used to simultaneously perform the determination of the astigmatic axis angle and the frequency determination.
- the combination of colors to be mixed in a long wavelength portion and the combination in a short wavelength portion are combined so that the astigmatic axis determination, the hyperopia / myopia determination, and the frequency determination are performed simultaneously. May be. This makes it possible to perform optometry very efficiently.
- the step of judging the frequency is such that, in the two selected orthogonal directions, a red-based color straight line and a blue-based color straight line having a uniform thickness are alternately formed.
- a plurality of frequency judgment charts in which a plurality of optotypes having a step difference of 2 or more in size having an arrayed line group area and a reference color area of the same color as any straight line of the line group area are sequentially displayed. Causing the subject to select the smallest target which is visually recognized as having a straight line of the same color as the reference color region in the line group region for each of the displayed frequency determination charts. Determining the power of the determined astigmatic axis angle and the power of the angle orthogonal thereto based on the optotype selected for each of the power determination charts. The optometry method described in 1.
- a red-based straight line and a blue-based straight line are alternately formed.
- a plurality of frequency judging charts are sequentially displayed in which a target having an arrayed line group area and any straight line and a reference color area of the same color is made to correspond to the frequency, and the step size difference is set to 2 or more. In this case, the frequency is determined.
- the frequency can be correctly checked by mutual checking. This makes it possible to determine the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto with higher accuracy.
- the invention according to claim 30 is characterized in that: a step of displaying a coarse judgment chart in which the size of an optotype consisting of a figure having no directivity is changed stepwise; and the displayed coarse judgment chart Causing the examinee to select the smallest visual target that is visible, comprising: determining the coarse appearance of the examinee; determining the astigmatic axis angle; and / or the hyperopia and myopia.
- the step of judging and the step of judging the frequency or the step of judging the frequency include a step of changing a condition of the displayed target based on the determined coarse appearance. Or The optometry method according to the item 1.
- the optometry of the present invention includes a step of determining a coarse appearance of a subject by using a coarse determination chart by a step of determining a coarse appearance and a step of determining an astigmatic axis angle, a step of determining hyperopia and a myopia,
- the condition of the optotype to be displayed is appropriately changed based on the coarse appearance, so that the examination time is shortened, and at the same time, the judgment of the examinee is facilitated and the accuracy is improved. You can test your eyes well.
- the rough determination chart uses an optotype consisting of figures having no directivity, even when the subject has astigmatism, the rough appearance is determined without being affected by the astigmatic axis angle. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optometry system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a coarse determination chart.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a first astigmatic axis determination chart.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a second astigmatic axis determination chart.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a third astigmatism axis determination chart (part 1).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a third astigmatism axis determination chart (part 2). The figure shows an example of the third astigmatic axis determination chart (No. 3).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a hyperopia / myopia judgment chart.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency determination target.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a first frequency judgment chart.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a second frequency judgment chart.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a third frequency judgment chart.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the frequency judgment chart.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the frequency judgment target.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of an eyeball optical model used in an optometry system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart (personal information collection processing and coarse determination processing) of the optometry system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart (astigmatic axis determination process) of the optometry system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart (a hyperopia / myopia determination process) of the optometry system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart (frequency determination process) of the optometry system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart (lens power determination processing) of the optometry system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional visual acuity determination target (Landolt ring).
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional target for astigmatic axis determination.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optometry system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optometry system 10 is composed of an optometry server 12 and an examinee terminal. It is composed of 50 and network 100.
- the optometry server 12 provides the subject terminal 50 with data such as the target data, and determines the astigmatic axis of the subject based on the result input at the subject terminal 50, and hyperopia. ⁇ It has the function to judge myopia, determine the frequency, and perform subjective optometry.
- a computer such as a personal computer, a workstation, and a server is used.
- the optometry server 12 can provide various services by installing various applications.
- the optometry server 12 is equipped with a not-shown modem network interface card, and performs bidirectional data communication with the subject terminal 50 via the network 100. .
- the optometry server 12 has a central processing unit 14.
- the central processing unit 14 controls and manages the operation of each unit described later.
- the central processing unit 14 is connected to a WWW server 16 that provides optotype data.
- the WWW server 16 has a function of performing bidirectional data communication with the subject terminal 50 via the network 100.
- the WWW server 16 inputs HTML data, image data, and various programs based on the contents input and operated by input means (not shown) such as a mouse and a keyboard of the terminal 50 of the subject. Send to terminal 50. Also, the WWW server 16 receives the data input and transmitted at the subject terminal 50.
- the CWW 18 is connected to the WWW server 16.
- the CGI 18 has a function of dynamically generating HTML data according to the content of the data transmitted from the examinee terminal 50 and delivering the generated HTML data to the WWW server 16.
- the CGI 18 extracts data relating to a state where the subject is visually recognizing the target from the data delivered from the WWW server 16. CGI 18 passes the extracted and acquired data to the eyeball optical parameter determination means 28 described later.
- the target area 22 is stored in a storage area 20 from which the WWW server 16 reads various data.
- the optotype data 22 is data for displaying an image of the optotype used for optometry.
- the optotype data 22 is stored as various image data such as JPEG, PNG, GIF, animation GIF, and F1ash (registered trademark of Macromedia) data.
- the target data 22 is transmitted to the subject terminal 50 as a part of the HTML data as appropriate, and is displayed on the display device of the subject terminal 50.
- the optotype data 22 stores various optotype data 22 according to the judgment content.
- the target data 22 used for the determination will be described.
- the optotype data 22 includes the optotype 22 a that determines the coarse appearance, the optotype 22 b that determines the astigmatic axis, the optotype 22 c that determines the hyperopia and myopia, and the frequency.
- Target 2 2 d the optotype 22 a that determines the coarse appearance
- the optotype 22 b that determines the astigmatic axis
- the optotype 22 c that determines the hyperopia and myopia
- the optotype 22 a for determining the coarse appearance is an optotype consisting of a sign having a certain thickness without directivity.Here, two endless annular bodies are substantially tangent-shaped on a black background. The figure is drawn with a white bold line with a constant line width, so that the number "8" is drawn in a white background on a black background.
- the optotype 22a is used as a coarse judgment chart (Fig. 2) in which those whose sizes are changed stepwise according to the rank of coarse appearance are arranged.
- Judgment of the coarse appearance is performed by displaying a coarse judgment chart on the terminal of the examinee and allowing the user to select the smallest target that can be viewed by viewing the screen from a certain distance.
- the reason for using symbols without directivity in this way is that the use of an optotype that frequently uses straight lines having directivity causes an error in the determination of a person having astigmatic components in that direction. Therefore, if the subject is limited to those who do not have astigmatism, letters and symbols that frequently use straight lines may be used as optotypes. Good.
- the optotype in which the number "8" is drawn with a thick white line is used, but a black line drawn with a light background may be used, and the directivity such as donut shape, double circle, and triple circle is used.
- An optotype not provided may be used.
- the target 22b for determining the astigmatic axis used herein was one in which a number of black straight lines having a constant thickness were arranged in parallel at equal intervals on a green background.
- This optotype 2 2b is a first astigmatic axis determination chart combining four optotypes with straight lines oriented in directions of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees, respectively.
- Fig. 3 and a second astigmatic axis determination chart (No. 4) that combines four optotypes with straight lines oriented in the directions of 23 degrees, 68 degrees, 113 degrees, and 158 degrees, respectively.
- Figure 4) and a third astigmatic axis determination chart (No. 4) that combines the target selected based on the determination result by the first astigmatic axis determination chart and the determination result by the second astigmatic axis determination chart.
- FIG. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 the target 22b for determining the astigmatic axis used herein was one in which
- the first astigmatic axis determination chart is displayed on the terminal of the examinee to select a target that looks dark, and then the second astigmatic axis determination chart is displayed to display dark. This is done by selecting a visible target, and if the astigmatic axis angle cannot be determined by these two charts, a third astigmatic axis determination chart combining the targets selected in the two charts is performed. The astigmatic axis angle is determined by selecting a target that is displayed and appears dark.
- the judgment using the target with the straight line directed in the direction of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees, and the intermediate degrees of 23 degrees, 68 degrees, 113 degrees By combining the judgment with the target with a straight line oriented in the direction of 158 degrees, it is possible to determine the apparent intermediate angle between the two, so that the resolution is substantially twice the minimum angle difference of the target used.
- the astigmatic axis angle can be determined.
- the optotype 22b used an optotype in which the background was green and black straight lines were arranged in order to prevent the subject's pupil from being in a miotic state. It has a sufficiently distinguishable contrast, Any color combination may be used as long as the pupil does not enter the miotic state.
- the optotypes 22c for determining hyperopia and myopia are equally distributed in the left and right sides of the rectangular frame, with a red background on the left and a blue background on the right. A black straight line with a certain thickness was placed in parallel at equal intervals near the boundary of the region.
- This optotype 22c is composed of a first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart (Fig. 8 (a)) in which a straight line is arranged in a direction corresponding to the astigmatic axis angle in both areas, and an astigmatic axis angle in both areas.
- a second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart (Fig.
- the determination of hyperopia or myopia is made by displaying a chart on the examinee's terminal and allowing the user to select which of the red and blue areas the straight line looks clear. This is because when red and blue light rays enter the eyeball, chromatic aberration causes the blue light rays to form an image on the near side, and the red light rays form an image on the far side, resulting in hyperopia. This is to make use of the fact that there is a difference between the target person and the person with myopia who see the target clearly. Therefore, the background of the optotype 22c is not limited to red and blue, and any combination of colors may be used as long as the above-described phenomenon occurs due to chromatic aberration.
- any color may be used for the straight line as long as it has a contrast with the background of each area and can select which area is clearly visible.
- both the judgment using the first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart and the judgment using the second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart are considered to be emmetropia or myopia when "red area" or "looks the same" is selected. Therefore, the third hyperopia / myopia determination chart and the fourth hyperopia / myopia determination chart are not used, and the determination based on the first hyperopia / myopia determination chart and the second hyperopia / myopia determination chart are used. Only when the “blue area” is selected in any of the determinations, the determination is performed using the third hyperopia / myopia determination chart and the fourth hyperopia / myopia determination chart.
- FIG. 8 shows a case where an optotype having straight lines arranged in the directions of 90 ° and 180 ° is used, but in practice, the orthogonality selected based on the astigmatic axis angle of the subject is used.
- the one that uses an optotype and optotypes with straight lines arranged in the directions of 68 degrees and 158 degrees is used.
- the astigmatic axis angle may be calculated in the direction of the center in increments of 23 degrees by calculation, but it is difficult to draw a straight line in the direction of the center in increments of 23 degrees with a general display device. Since the direction can be determined even if the direction does not exactly coincide with the astigmatic axis angle, the closest 23-degree direction is selected to determine hyperopia and myopia. Therefore, when a high-resolution display means is used for the terminal of the subject, hyperopia and myopia may be determined using a target in small angle increments corresponding to the determined astigmatic axis angle. It goes without saying.
- the optotype 2 d for judging the frequency is, here, three black straight lines of a fixed thickness arranged at equal intervals on a green background, and in the width direction of the three straight lines. A yellow belt with the same width as that between the lines was provided on both outer sides (Fig. 9).
- the optotypes 2 2 d are prepared with a number of optotypes whose sizes are changed stepwise in accordance with the frequency.
- the frequency judgment chart used in the first frequency judgment chart (Fig. 10), the second frequency judgment chart (Fig. 11), and the third frequency judgment chart (Fig. 12) is The frequency judgment charts are sequentially displayed on the examiner's terminal, and the smallest target with three black straight lines selected for each is selected, and each chart is visually recognizable from the selected target for each chart The frequency is determined by judging the smallest target.
- the frequency is determined using the three charts in which the targets having the size difference of 3 are combined so that the smallest target that can be visually recognized by the subject can be easily selected. This is because a highly reliable judgment result can be obtained by mutually checking the judgment results. Therefore, as long as the examinee can select the smallest visual target that can be visually recognized, the frequency may be determined using a chart in which visual targets having a step difference of 1 are combined. In this case, the frequency may be divided into several parts, and the frequency may be determined using a plurality of charts in which optotypes are combined for each division. On the other hand, in order to make it easier for the examinee to select an optotype, the size difference may be further increased, but the number of charts increases accordingly, so the determination time becomes longer.
- the target is provided with both side bands, if there is no side band, when pseudo resolution occurs, a black line will be seen outside the three lines and it is difficult to judge whether or not these should be counted as the number of lines
- bright side bands are provided here, straight lines and contrast by pseudo-resolution will be easily recognized.
- the two side bands makes it easy to judge the visibility limit because the black line, the space between the lines and both side bands are disturbed and blurred when the target is made small. Therefore, it is preferable that the color of both side bands is different from the color between the lines and is higher than the luminance between the lines. The above effect can be obtained by setting the width of both side bands to 0.5 to 2 times the width of the black line.
- the colors between the lines of the target and the colors on both sides are affected by chromatic aberration when red and blue are used, so other colors are preferable.
- the color between the lines is preferably monochrome, green, or yellow, and the color of both side bands is preferably monochrome or yellow. For this reason, we used green, which is slightly brighter than the background, between the lines, and yellow, which is different in color from the lines, and has high brightness.
- the charts in FIGS. 10 to 12 show the case where an optotype in which a straight line is arranged in the direction of 180 degrees is used, but actually, the chart is based on the astigmatic axis angle of the subject.
- a target in which straight lines are arranged in two orthogonal directions selected by using the target is used. Therefore, in addition to the chart shown in FIG. 8, the hyperopia / myopia judgment chart using an optotype in which straight lines are arranged in directions of 90 degrees, 45 degrees, and 135 degrees is used.
- the determined astigmatism It is needless to say that the power may be determined using a target in small angle increments corresponding to the axis angle.
- the diopter is used to determine the diopter, and the obtained diopters are proportionally divided to obtain the astigmatic axis angle. May be determined.
- the judgment of the frequency is performed by “distance judgment” based on the distance that the subject reaches the hand and touches the screen (hereinafter, “hand distance”), and A4 paper between the screen and the eyes.
- distance judgment based on the distance that the subject reaches the hand and touches the screen (hereinafter, “hand distance”), and A4 paper between the screen and the eyes.
- noise frequency judgment which is performed at a distance vertically set (hereinafter, “A4 paper distance”). Normally, only “distant frequency judgment” is performed. For subjects with hyperopia and subjects who have been placed on hold for hyperopia and myopia judgments, perform “near frequency judgment” and compare the two results to determine the frequency.
- a line group area in which a red line and a blue line with a certain thickness are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in a rectangular frame, and a reference line of the same color as the red line A device provided with a color region may be used (FIG. 13). This is because when the examinee looks at the line group area, the optotype in which the red and blue straight lines are arranged at a pitch larger than the resolution of the eye corresponding to the visual acuity is decomposed into two colors.
- the frequency is determined based on the fact that a target that is arranged at a pitch smaller than the resolution of the eye corresponding to visual acuity causes the color mixture to appear pink.
- the determination of the frequency based on the optotype is performed by displaying the optotypes whose size is changed stepwise in accordance with the frequency, in ascending order, on the terminal of the examinee, This can be done by selecting the first optotype that looks the same red as the reference color area from the state where the red line in the group area looks pink.
- a combination of optotypes whose size is changed stepwise according to the frequency
- the target may be displayed on the terminal of the subject, and the smallest target in which a straight line having the same color as the color of the reference color region can be selected in the line group region may be selected.
- three charts, each of which is a combination of a target having a step size difference of 3 as in the above-described target, are sequentially displayed on the terminal of the subject, and each of the charts has a reference color region in the line group region. It is also possible to select the minimum target that allows a straight line of the same color as the color to be seen, and determine the frequency by determining the minimum target that can be viewed from the selected target for each chart by mutual checking.
- the optotype is prepared so that the entire frame is tilted so that the line group area faces 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees.
- the power is determined for two orthogonal directions selected based on the astigmatic axis angle of the user.
- the optotype is displayed in a rectangular frame.
- the outline does not necessarily need to be rectangular, and may be a rounded one.
- the figure may be a figure that simulates a state in which a fish body has become a bone.
- the line group area is referred to as “fish ribs” that are easy for the examinee to understand
- the reference color area is referred to as “fish bones”.
- the color of the reference color gamut is the same color as the red straight line, but may be the same color as the blue straight line.
- the reference color area is arranged so as to be in contact with the line group area.
- the present invention is not limited to this. When the inspected person visually recognizes, the color of the reference color area and the color of one straight line of the line group area are instantaneously changed. May be arranged in any position as long as they can be determined to have the same color.
- the size and brightness of the target displayed on the examinee's terminal depend on the type of display device (CRT, liquid crystal), size (14 inch, 17 inch, etc.), screen resolution (800 X 6 0, 10 2 4 X 7 6 8 etc.), so that all display devices are displayed with a predetermined size and brightness.
- a plurality of optotype data of different sizes and brightness are stored. It goes without saying that each target data may be configured to be generated by image processing calculation based on the conditions of the display device.
- the optometry unit 26 is connected to the CGI 18.
- the optometry unit 26 includes an eye optics parameter determination unit 28 and an eye optics model determination unit 30.
- the optometry is performed to determine the approximate power of the subject, and an eye optics model is constructed. It has a function to select the spectacles / concentration lenses suitable for the subject.
- the ophthalmic optical parameter overnight determination means 28 uses the above-described target to perform coarse determination processing for determining a rough appearance of the subject, astigmatic axis determination processing for determining the astigmatic axis angle, astigmatic axis angle, and It has a function of performing hyperopia / myopia determination processing for determining hyperopia / myopia at an orthogonal angle, and a power determination processing for determining the astigmatic axis angle and the power of an angle orthogonal thereto.
- the eyeball optical model determining means 30 is configured to select the eyeball optical model starting from the age classification and the estimated power.
- the starting eyeball optical model is a model in which an age category is provided on the vertical axis and a frequency category is provided on the horizontal axis, and an eyeball optical model at the median of each category is created in advance.
- the eyeball optical model deciding means 30 has a start eyeball optical model database (not shown), the vertical axis is the age section, the horizontal axis is the frequency section, and the adjustment limit at the far point side of each section.
- An eyeball optical model and an eyeball optical model at the near limit accommodation limit, which is assumed to have accommodation power according to age, are stored.
- the eyeball optical model determined by the eyeball optical model determination means 30 simulates the human eye with a lens system as shown in FIG.
- the examinee terminal 50 is a terminal used when the examinee undergoes optometry. It is installed in a home, a store, or the like, and transmits and receives various data to and from the optometry server 12 via the network 100.
- a terminal 50 a combination of a personal computer and a workstation equipped with input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse is used.
- the examinee's terminal 50 is equipped with a WWW browser (not shown) for accessing the optometry server 12, and inputs the IP address or URL assigned to the optometry server 12 in the URL input field. By doing so, it is connected to the WWW server 16 and can receive optometric services.
- the WWW browser displays the image of the optotype received from the WWW server 16 on the screen, and transmits the judgment result input by the subject to the WWW server 16.
- an Internet line was used here as the network 100, but any line capable of bidirectional data communication is used.
- Public networks, ISDN networks, mobile phone networks, and dedicated lines may be used.
- the optometric server 12 converts the input form for inputting environmental information such as the screen size and screen resolution of the examinee terminal and personal information such as the name, age, and height of the examinee terminal into the examinee terminal. (S100).
- environmental information such as the screen size and screen resolution of the examinee terminal and personal information such as the name, age, and height of the examinee terminal into the examinee terminal.
- S100 environmental information
- personal information such as the name, age, and height of the examinee terminal into the examinee terminal.
- S100 an input form is displayed on the screen of the examinee's terminal, and the examinee enters data into the input form and clicks the "Send" button, so that the optometric server 12 can obtain environmental information and personal information.
- the information data is received (S102).
- the optometry server 12 performs a rough determination process of S104 to S112. First, based on the received environment information and personal information, a target condition for rough judgment is determined (S104).
- the target data 22a is selected and transmitted to the terminal of the subject (S106).
- a rough determination chart as shown in FIG. 2 is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the subject visually checks the displayed coarse judgment chart with one of the right and left eyes at a distance of the hand and clicks the smallest optotype that can be read as "8". If all optotypes cannot be read as "8", click the part where "Nothing can be read”.
- the optometry server 12 receives the selection result of the examinee's coarse determination (S108), and determines the coarse appearance of the examinee from the size (appearance number) of the selected optotype. Determined (S110).
- the above processing is performed for both the left and right eyes (S112), and the coarse determination processing ends.
- the optometry server 12 performs astigmatic axis determination processing in S200 to S218.
- a target condition for astigmatic axis determination is determined based on the received environment information, personal information, and a view number obtained by the coarse determination processing (S200).
- the first astigmatic axis determination chart combining the 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, and 180 ° target based on the determined target condition is transmitted to the subject terminal. Transmit (S202) o
- the subject approaches to a distance where any of the charts displayed on the chart is clearly visible, visually recognizes with one of the left and right eyes, and determines which of the charts appears dark. If one target appears dark, click on the part that says "One appears dark” and then click on the target that appears dark. If more than two appear dark, click on the part that says "Look more than two” and then click on the two targets in the order in which they appear darker. If everything looks the same darkness, click on the part that says "All looks the same”. This Then, the optometry server 12 receives the selection result of the first astigmatic axis determination of the subject (S204).
- a second astigmatic axis determination chart combining the targets of 23 degrees, 68 degrees, 113 degrees, and 158 degrees is transmitted to the examinee terminal. Transmit (S206).
- a chart as shown in FIG. 4 is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the subject comes closer to a distance where one of the optotypes of the displayed chart can be touched, visually recognizes with one of the right and left eyes, and, similarly to the above, any of the optotypes is darker. Determine if it is visible and click.
- the optometric server 12 receives the selection result of the second astigmatic axis determination of the subject (S208).
- the third astigmatic axis determination is performed.
- a third astigmatic axis determination chart combining the target selected in the first astigmatic axis determination and the target selected in the second astigmatic axis determination is applied. It is transmitted to the inspector terminal (S212). As a result, a chart as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is displayed on the screen of the terminal of the subject.
- the third astigmatic axis determination chart displays the two selected optotypes, the three selected optotypes, and the four selected optotypes. One of them is generated as appropriate.
- the subject comes closer to a distance where any of the optotypes of the displayed chart can be touched, visually recognizes with either one of the left and right eyes, and, similarly to the above, any of the optotypes is dark. Judge whether it can be seen and click. Thereby, the optometry server 12 receives the selection result of the third astigmatic axis determination of the subject (S2114).
- the astigmatic axis angle of the subject is determined based on the selection result of each channel. (S2 16).
- the determination algorithm is as follows.
- the optometry server 12 performs Eraichi is deemed unreliable overnight.
- the errors are targeted for case numbers 5, 6, 8, and 9 in Table 1, and the judgment of the error is based on whether the condition shown in Equation 1 is satisfied. If the condition is satisfied, it will be treated as an error and the judgment will be interrupted or re-judged.
- Equation 1 5 0 ⁇
- Alm is the average of the angles of the targets selected in the first astigmatic axis determination chart, and when one is selected, is the angle of the target.
- a 2m is the average of the angles of the optotypes selected in the second astigmatic axis determination chart, and 1 If one is selected, it is the angle of the target.
- the optometry server 12 performs the following processing for each case in Table 1 to determine the astigmatic axis angle.
- Case number 2 The angle of the target selected in the second astigmatic axis determination chart is set as the astigmatic axis angle.
- Case number 3 The average of the angles of the two targets selected in the second astigmatic axis determination chart is defined as the astigmatic axis angle.
- Case number 4 The angle of the optotype selected in the first astigmatic axis determination chart is set as the astigmatic axis angle.
- Case number 6a In the case where only one target is selected in the third astigmatic axis determination chart, the angle of the target is set as the astigmatic axis angle. In the two cases, the average of the angles of the two selected targets is used as the astigmatic axis angle. If "looks the same" is selected, it is regarded as an error if there is an error in the selection decision.
- Case number 6b When the angle of the target selected in the first astigmatic axis determination chart 1 is equal to the average of the angles of the two targets selected in the second astigmatic axis determination chart Is the angle of the optotype selected in the first astigmatism axis determination chart as the astigmatism axis angle.
- Case number 7 The average of the angles of the two targets selected in the first astigmatic axis determination chart is defined as the astigmatic axis angle.
- Case number 8a If only one optotype is selected in the third astigmatism axis determination chart, the angle of that optotype is regarded as the astigmatic axis angle. In the case of two, the average of the angles of the two selected targets is set as the astigmatic axis angle. "Looks the same” is selected If the selection is made, it is determined that there is an error in the selection decision and an error is made.
- Case number 9 If one target is selected in the third astigmatic axis determination chart, the target angle is set as the astigmatic axis angle. In the case of two, the average of the angles of the two selected targets is set as the astigmatic axis angle. If "Looks the same" is selected, there is no astigmatism.
- the astigmatic axis angle can be obtained with a resolution twice as large as the angle of the target used.
- the above processing is performed on both the left and right eyes (S218), and the astigmatic axis determination processing ends.
- the optometry server 12 performs hyperopia / myopia determination processing of S300 to S324.
- the optotype conditions for hyperopia / myopia determination are determined based on the received environmental information and personal information, the appearance number by the coarse determination processing, and the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis determination processing (S30). 0).
- the size of the target to be presented, the width of the straight line, and the interval are changed as shown in Table 2 depending on the number of appearances by the rough judgment processing. In this way, as the appearance number increases, the size of the target and the line width and spacing of the black lines increase. The stronger the myopia, the larger the red color and the harder it is to see the black line. Therefore, the ratio between the line width and the line interval of the black line is increased as the view number increases.
- the angle of the straight line of the target to be presented is, in principle, the astigmatic axis angle and the angle perpendicular to it.However, as described above, the hyperopic / myopic judgment target has no central direction at intervals of 23 degrees.
- the optotype with the closest angle to the determined astigmatism axis in increments of 23 degrees and the angle perpendicular to it are used.
- a first hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged at an angle selected based on the astigmatic axis angle in both the red and blue regions is transmitted to the examinee terminal (S30). 2).
- a chart as shown in FIG. 8 (a) is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the examinee visually recognizes the displayed chart with one of the left and right eyes at hand distance, determines whether the straight line of the red or blue area is clearly visible, and determines the area where the clearly visible area is visible. Or click "Both look the same".
- the optometry server 12 receives the selection result of the first hyperopia / myopia judgment of the subject (S304).
- a second hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged at an angle orthogonal to the angle selected based on the astigmatic axis angle in both the red and blue regions is transmitted to the examinee terminal ( S306).
- a chart as shown in FIG. 8 (b) is displayed on the screen of the examinee terminal.
- the subject visually checks the displayed chart with one of the left and right eyes at the distance of the hand, and determines whether the straight line in the red or blue region is clearly visible as described above. And click.
- the optometric server 1 2 The selection result of the hyperopia / myopia judgment is received (S308).
- a straight line is placed at the angle selected based on the astigmatic axis angle in the red area, and the straight line is placed in the blue area at an angle perpendicular to it.
- a third hyperopia / myopia judgment chart in which a straight line is arranged is transmitted to the examinee terminal (S312).
- a chart as shown in FIG. 8 (c) is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the subject examines the displayed chart with one of the right and left eyes at hand distance, and determines whether the straight line in the red or blue region is clearly visible as described above. Click.
- the optometry server 12 receives the third hyperopia / myopia judgment selection result of the subject (S314).
- a fourth hyperopia / myopia determination chart in which a straight line is arranged in the blue region at an angle selected based on the astigmatic axis angle and a straight line is arranged in the red region at an angle orthogonal to the above is the subject.
- the data is transmitted to the terminal (S316).
- a chart as shown in FIG. 8 (d) is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the examinee looks at the displayed chart with one of the left and right eyes, and, similarly to the above, determines whether the straight line in the red area or the blue area can be clearly seen. Judge and click.
- the optometry server receives the fourth hyperopia / myopia determination result of the subject (S3118).
- the eyes of the subject are classified (determined) as to whether they are hyperopia or myopia (S320). .
- S320 hyperopia or myopia
- case number (1) is the case where red is selected for all optotypes, and both the astigmatic axis angle and the angle perpendicular thereto are determined to be myopia.
- Case numbers (6) and (7) are all cases where either blue or blue or "looks the same" is selected, and both axes are determined to be hyperopic. In other case numbers, if "looks the same" and a combination of red and blue are selected, the selection result is used to discriminate between those that can be judged on both axes on the spot and those that should be reserved. In the case of suspension, the results are retained, and the results of the next frequency determination, which is performed next, and the results of the nearby frequency determination are also comprehensively determined. In the actual case, both axes are distinguished as farsighted or nearsighted, and in the case of uncertainty, it cannot be judged.
- the above processing is performed for both the left and right eyes (S322), and the hyperopia / myopia determination processing ends.
- the optometry server 12 performs a frequency determination process of S400 to S440.
- the frequency judgment is usually performed only for the distant frequency judgment process that determines the frequency based on the distance of the hand, and in specific cases, the nearby frequency judgment process that determines the frequency based on the distance of A4 paper as an additional process And make a comprehensive decision.
- the distant power determination process firstly performs the target condition for distant power determination based on the received environmental information and personal information, the appearance number by the coarse determination process, and the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis determination process. Is determined (S400).
- the angles of the optotypes to be presented are the astigmatic axis angle determined in principle and the angle perpendicular to it, but as described above, the power-judgment optotypes are set only at 45-degree intervals, so they were determined.
- the optotype at the nearest 45 ° angle to the astigmatism axis and the angle perpendicular to it are used.
- the astigmatic axis angle of the subject and the angle perpendicular to the astigmatic axis angle are more than 15 degrees apart from the target, the angles of 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 45 degrees, and 135 degrees It is also possible to make all determinations with the optotypes, and to calculate the astigmatic axis angle and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto from the result by proportional division. As a result, the frequency can be obtained with high accuracy by using the target in a limited direction.
- the size of the target to be presented is prepared to be about 4 times the frequency of the measurement range (diopter), but the range of the size is limited to about 9 to 18 depending on the view number. These are divided into three groups with a step size difference of three.
- the first far-side frequency determination chart, the second far-side frequency determination chart, and the third far-side frequency determination chart combining the three groups of targets are sequentially transmitted to the examinee terminal (S 402, S406, S410).
- a chart as shown in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 is displayed on the screen of the subject terminal.
- the examinee looks at the displayed chart with one of the left and right eyes at hand distance, selects the smallest target with three straight lines, and clicks. And if none look like three, click "Nothing looks like three".
- the optometry server 12 receives the selection result of the subject (S404, S408, S412).
- the optotypes selected by the three charts are arranged in size order, and it is determined whether or not there is a combination in which the minimum value of the step difference between adjacent optotypes is 1. For example, when No. 4 is selected in the first chart, No. 5 in the second chart, and No. 6 in the third chart, the minimum value of the step difference between adjacent optotypes is 1. In this case, it is determined that the subject has clearly selected the visual targets that can be clearly recognized for the three charts. Then, the smallest number 4 among the targets that can be clearly recognized by the subject is determined as the frequency. If the minimum value of the step difference between the optotypes selected by the three charts is not 1, the judgment is made in the following steps.
- the optotypes selected from the three charts are arranged in size order, and it is determined whether there is a combination in which the minimum value of the step difference between adjacent optotypes is 2. For example, if No. 4 is selected for the first chart, No. 8 for the second chart, and No. 6 for the third chart, three charts will be selected.
- the minimum value of the step difference between adjacent optotypes is 2.
- the average value (in this case, No. 5) of the two small hyperopia of the selected optotypes is determined as the smallest optotype that the examinee can clearly see, and the frequency is determined. I do.
- the eye classification is re-examined based on the age of the examinee and the optotype calculated in the distant frequency judgment for the classification that has been suspended in the hyperopia / myopia judgment processing. If the judgment cannot be made here, those that can be judged by the nearby frequency judgment performed later will be put on hold, and the rest will be judged as undecidable and an error will be made, or remeasurement will be performed.
- the optometry server 12 determines whether or not it is necessary to perform “close frequency determination”, which is an additional process (S 419).
- the subjects for whom additional treatment is needed are all those with pending eye classification and all who are 40 years or older and hyperopic. This is because some people with hyperopia or presbyopia have a longer hand length than the near point distance, and some people are within the range of accommodation power. This is because it may not be possible.
- the target condition for the near frequency determination is determined based on the astigmatic axis angle determined by the astigmatic axis determination process, the number of the target based on the far frequency determination, and the age (S 4 2 0).
- the angle of the target to be presented is determined using the target at 90 degrees and / or 180 degrees.
- the angle of the target to be presented is determined using the target at 90 degrees and / or 180 degrees.
- oblique astigmatism one of (1) 45 degrees and 135 degrees, (2) both 45 degrees and 135 degrees, and (3) 4
- One of 5 degrees, one of 35 degrees, one of 90 degrees and one of 180 degrees, (4) 45 degrees and one of 35 Judgment is made based on both degrees and either 90 degrees or 180 degrees.
- the person whose classification of the eyes is pending makes the judgment in (2) or (4) above, and the person who has decided makes the judgment in (1) and (3) above.
- the size of the target to be presented is limited to 9 to 18 according to the view number from the whole, as in the case of distant frequency judgment, and this is a step size difference. Is divided into three groups.
- the first near frequency judgment chart, the second near frequency judgment chart, and the third near frequency judgment chart combining the three groups of optotypes are sequentially transmitted to the subject terminal (S 42, S426, S430).
- the examinee visually recognizes each of the displayed charts with one of the left and right eyes from the distance of the A4 paper, selects and clicks on the smallest target with three straight lines. If none of them looks like three, click "Nothing looks like three". Thereby, the optometry server 12 receives the result of the selection of the subject (S424, S428, S432).
- F 1 is a target for judging the distant frequency of the astigmatic axis angle
- N 1 is the astigmatic axis angle
- F2 is a distant power determination target at an angle orthogonal to the astigmatic axis angle
- N2 is a power determination target near an angle perpendicular to the astigmatic axis angle.
- the results of the previous determination are compared with each other to check the consistency (S440) .0
- Checking methods include, for example, the consistency with the coarse determination processing, the results of the hyperopia / myopia determination processing and the frequency determination. Test the consistency of the processing results. If the data is inconsistent as a result of the check, Stop processing.
- the astigmatic axis angle of the subject By the above processing, the astigmatic axis angle of the subject, the astigmatic axis angle, and the frequency of the angle orthogonal thereto are obtained.
- the present embodiment has a function of generating an eyeball optical model simulating the eye of the subject based on the optometry result and determining a lens power suitable for the eye of the subject.
- a starting eyeball model is selected based on the age and estimated frequency of the subject (S500), and the light-collecting performance at the adjustment midpoint is evaluated.
- An automatic design process is performed to construct an eyeball optical model at the adjustment midpoint (S501).
- This validity check is to increase the refractive power of the eyeball by the amount of accommodation power of the human eyeball (UP), and to confirm that the light-collecting state is good by the automatic design calculation of the optical system.
- the degree of refraction of the eyeball by the amount of accommodation (UP) means the following.
- the adjustment midpoint position is 40 cm (12.5 D), and the near point side
- the eyeball refraction UP equivalent to the correction amount of 11.5D is required.
- the optical parameters of the eyeball optical model are multiplied by (l + oi X bZa) so as to increase the eyeball refraction equivalent to this 1.5D, and the near point is controlled while controlling the boundary conditions of the optical system automatic design.
- This validity check is to reduce the refraction of the eyeball by the amount of accommodation power of the human eyeball (DOW N), and to confirm that the light-collecting state is good by the automatic design calculation of the optical system.
- DOW N the reduction of the refraction of the eyeball by the amount of accommodation
- the middle adjustment point position is 4 O cm (-2.5 D), and the far point side
- an eyeball refractive index down (DOWN) equivalent to the correction amount of +1.5 D is required, as compared to the adjustment midpoint position.
- the optical specifications of the eyeball optical model are multiplied by (11 a Xb / a) so that the refraction of the eyeball is reduced by + 1.5D, and the distance is controlled while controlling the boundary conditions of the optical system automatic design.
- the validity of the model is checked out of the accommodation range on the near point side and the far point side, that is, outside the accommodation range of the eyeball (S504), and if there is a mismatch, the process returns to S501.
- the adjustment range of the optical parameters of the eyeball is determined to determine the eyeball optical model (S508). Determination of the adjustment range of the eyeball optical model and the optical specifications at the adjustment midpoint position is as follows. Check the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (near-point side) Check the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (far-point side) The optical model of the eyeball at the midpoint of the adjustment of the optical model construction processing result is considered to be valid, and the range of change of the optical parameters at the adjustment limit (especially when the lens becomes thinner or thicker, The process of checking the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (near point side) and the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (far end point) are checked for the radius of curvature and the range of change of the rear curvature radius. Determined.
- the light collection performance with adjustment at three distances in the naked eye state of the subject is calculated and verified (S510). Similar to the process of checking the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (near point side) and the process of checking the validity of the eyeball optical model at the accommodation limit (far end side), Calculate the amount to increase (UP) or down (DOWN) the refraction of the eyeball from the position of the adjustment midpoint, and execute the automatic optical system design while controlling the boundary conditions of the automatic optical system design.
- the optical parameters obtained in this way virtually represent the state of the eye when the eyeball performs focus adjustment.
- the calculation is repeatedly performed until the light-collecting state does not improve any more, and the final optical data is set to the best light-collecting state at the object distance.
- ⁇ T the spatial frequency characteristics
- the three distances are selected from the practical distance range for wearing glasses, and three distances that can significantly change the appearance. For example, 0.3 m (short distance), 0.5-0.6 m (intermediate distance), 5 m (long distance).
- the focusing performance is checked with the accommodation power at the far point distance. If the object distance is shorter than the near point, it is determined that the lens cannot be thickened any more. When the object distance is between the near point and the far point, the focusing performance is checked by changing the refraction of the eyeball by the accommodation power from the middle point.
- the light-collecting performance with adjustment at three distances after the correction in the eyeglasses' contact lens is calculated and verified (S512).
- an actual spectacle lens a lens with a known radius of curvature on the front surface, the radius of curvature on the rear surface, and a glass material with a known refractive index
- a suitable virtual lens is determined from the approximate lens power and the wearing conditions, and an optical simulation is performed on the light-collecting performance in a state where the spectacles and the contact lenses are worn.
- the optical parameters of the eye are changed within the range of accommodation power to create a state where the light-collecting performance is optimal, and the sharpness score at that time is calculated.
- the sharpness score is calculated by evaluating the state of light collection. From an infinitely small point object at a certain distance, several hundreds of light rays are distributed uniformly over the pupil diameter of the eyeball optical model (for example, ⁇ 3 mm) and incident, and ray tracing is performed on the retina. Calculate where in the image. Second order of intensity distribution of the point image The value obtained by the Fourier transform is called spatial frequency characteristics (OTF. By examining the intensity distribution on the retina, the degree of blur can be evaluated. Spatial frequency is a value that expresses the fineness of the stripe pattern.
- the recommended lens is determined (S5 16), and visual images at three distances before and after correction by the recommended lens are generated and displayed (S5 18).
- the degree of blur can be adjusted by N value (minimum 3), fill weight, and number of processing.
- the degree of blur is determined by spatial frequency analysis, and the image is associated with the sharpness score.
- the lens may be changed to generate and display a visual image at three distances.
- an optical simulation is performed while changing the lens power and wearing the eyeglasses and the contact lens, and the optical parameters are changed within the adjustment range of the eyeball to create a state where the light-collecting performance is optimal.
- a visual recognition image is also generated using the sharpness score of.
- the examinee is configured to perform the optometry by connecting to the optometry server using a WWW browser.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the application including the optotype described above is downloaded to the user terminal. It may be configured to execute it.
- the application including the optotype described above may be provided not only by downloading it from the optometry server but also by a distributable recording medium such as CD-ROM.
- the first astigmatic axis determination including a target whose straight line is directed in the directions of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees, respectively.
- a second axis of astigmatism that includes a chart and a target oriented straight at 23 degrees, 68 degrees, 113 degrees, and 158 degrees, which are directions that equally divide the previous four directions.
- the examinee was asked to determine the shading by using an optotype at intervals of about 23 degrees, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it is desired to determine the astigmatic axis in finer increments.
- a second astigmatic axis determination chart combining four optotypes directed in one of three directions that divides the four directions determined by the first astigmatic axis determination chart into three equal parts, Of the four directions determined by the astigmatism axis determination chart of the third direction were not included in the second astigmatism axis determination chart.
- the subject may be made to determine the shading using the targets at intervals of 15 degrees.
- Each astigmatism axis determination chart is composed of four asymptotic axes in which the straight lines of the indices are orthogonal to each other so that the subject can easily judge the contrast of the indices. It is configured to be included in the chart.
- first, second, and third astigmatic axis determination charts do not determine the astigmatic axis angle, the examinee is required for each of the first, second, and third astigmatic axis determination charts.
- a fourth astigmatic axis determination chart may be displayed and selected. If two of the first, second, and third astigmatic axis determination charts can be selected, a maximum of six targets may be selected. When displaying, select four targets with close angles from among them to create an astigmatic axis determination chart. As a result, the astigmatic axis angle is determined with twice the resolution of the target in 15-degree increments, and the astigmatic axis angle can be determined with higher accuracy.
- a coarse determination process for determining a coarse appearance is first performed.
- the order in which the coarse determination is performed is not limited to this. What is necessary is just to perform before the process which needs to determine the size of a target.
- the astigmatic axis determination processing and the hyperopia / myopia determination processing the subject is approached to the screen to a distance where a straight line can be confirmed, and the optotypes of the entire range are displayed in the power determination processing.
- the coarse determination process does not necessarily have to be performed.
- the astigmatic axis determination processing, hyperopia / myopia determination processing, and the frequency determination processing are performed as a series of procedures.
- the astigmatic axis determination processing, hyperopia / myopia determination processing, and the determination processing may be used independently, and each has a specific effect as described above.
- the present invention it is possible to determine the astigmatic axis angle, determine the myopia and hyperopia, and determine the myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism without being affected by the subject's subjectivity and the judgment environment. It is possible to provide an optometry method that can respond to the above.
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US10/531,958 US7429109B2 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-26 | Optometric apparatus and lens power determination method |
JP2004544905A JP4148947B2 (ja) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-26 | 検眼装置およびレンズ度数決定方法 |
AU2003257702A AU2003257702A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-08-26 | Optometric device and optometric method |
TW092126202A TWI253921B (en) | 2002-10-21 | 2003-09-23 | Optometry apparatus and optometry method |
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JP (1) | JP4148947B2 (ja) |
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US7802883B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2010-09-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Cosmetic contact lenses having a sparkle effect |
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JP2022002768A (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-01-11 | 株式会社トプコン | 眼科装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003257702A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
JP4148947B2 (ja) | 2008-09-10 |
TWI253921B (en) | 2006-05-01 |
US20060152675A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
JPWO2004034893A1 (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
TW200422023A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
US7429109B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
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