Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
  • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
  • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
  • B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
  • B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
  • B29B7/7495—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
  • B29B7/842—Removing liquids in liquid form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/86—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
  • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
  • B29C48/761—Venting, drying means; Degassing means the vented material being in liquid form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
  • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
  • B29C48/763—Vent constructions, e.g. venting means avoiding melt escape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
  • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
  • B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
  • B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
  • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
  • B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
  • B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
  • B29C48/767—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
  • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2009/00—Use of rubber derived from conjugated dienes, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
  • B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
  • B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
  • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for extruding thermoplastics, which comprises at least one degassing opening. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing thermoplastics in a chord machine with mechanical dewatering. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the device for the production of impact-modified thermoplastics or polymer blends which contain impact-modified thermoplastics. Further preferred embodiments can be found in the claims and the description.
• JP-A 2-286208 discloses three different dewatering methods using an extruder which is equipped with two screws. Moisture is extracted from the extrusion material in liquid form and additionally in gaseous form via the strainer housing.
• extrusion material in this case e.g. slurries of polymer particles
• extrusion material is metered into a twin-screw extruder, dewatered, degassed and kneaded. Upstream of the compression zone, liquid water can emerge from the extruder. Residual moisture can escape in gaseous form. Strainer housings are used as drainage openings.
• JP-A 60222223 discloses a process in which extrusion material (preferably food but also other materials) is removed from water in liquid form. Dewatering takes place using a twin-screw extruder. The moisture is discharged backwards through an opening which, if desired, is connected to a vacuum pump.
• extrusion material preferably food but also other materials
• WO 98/13412 describes screw machines which have at least one squeezing section with at least one damming element and an associated drainage opening upstream of the first damming element.
• the screw machines contain degassing sections which are after the last plasticizing section.
• the degassing and drainage openings can be provided with a device which prevents extrusion from escaping. Retaining augers are described as preferred for this purpose.
• the strainer housing or sieves are not suitable for covering drainage openings, because the strainer housing clogs too quickly. Sieves also have the disadvantage of being mechanically unstable. Degassing openings are preferably not covered according to WO 98/13412.
• An injection molding machine for degassing hygroscopic spray materials is described in DE-Al 42 37 174.
• the screw runs in a cylinder, the wall of which is constructed in several layers.
• the inner wall is made of a sintered metal. This is permeable to the moisture vapor.
• the steam that has passed through the sintered metal is transported away via channels that are located in the cylinder wall.
• the cylinder is surrounded by an outer wall as a shell.
• the housing has a sintered metal lining. This can consist of sintered metal rings strung together. Each of these sintered metal rings has an annular channel on the outside, which can be evacuated to remove the gas that has passed through the sintered ring.
• This construction has the disadvantage of being very complex.
• Retaining screws very effectively prevent the extrusion material from escaping through the degassing or drainage openings, but require a high investment. Since they are moving parts, they must be serviced regularly.
• Strainer housings are equipped with surfaces made of lamella packs which are intended to hold back the extrusion material, but which allow the water vapor or water to pass through long, narrow slots, generally 0.1 to 1 mm wide. Although they hold back the extrusion material, they let an unsatisfactorily high proportion of fine solid particles through or easily clog up and therefore have to be cleaned frequently. In addition, the fine permeable particles must be carefully removed regularly, since very fine particles pose a fire hazard.
• an apparatus for extruding thermoplastics which comprises at least one degassing opening, in which the degassing opening is equipped with a metal wire mesh composite panel (“MVP”), a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture.
• MVP metal wire mesh composite panel
• thermoplastics which soften when the temperature rises after their glass transition temperature is exceeded.
• This can include plastics, natural products or pharmaceuticals.
• Thermoplastics are known to the person skilled in the art. For this reason, polyamides, polycarbonates, styrene polymers, Derivatives, copolymers or mixtures of these polymers called.
• the styrene copolymers include, for example, styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers, often also referred to as SAN polymers, rubber-modified styrene copolymers such as acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymers, often also referred to as ABS, acrylonitrile / acrylate / styrene copolymers, often also referred to as ASA.
• SAN polymers styrene / acrylonitrile copolymers
• ABS acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymers
• ASA acrylonitrile / acrylate / styrene copolymers
• derivatives or variants of SAN polymers, ABS or ASA are also possible, such as those based on alpha-methylstyrene or methacrylate or those which comprise further comonomers, for example
• styrene copolymers Mixtures of two or more different styrene copolymers can of course also be used. Rubber-modified styrene copolymers which are based entirely or in part on other rubbers, such as ethylene-butadiene rubbers or silicone rubbers, are also suitable. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned with polyamides, polybutylene terephthalates and / or polycarbonates are also preferred. Other thermoplastics are listed in detail below.
• screw machine which comprises at least one degassing opening and by means of which thermoplastics can be extruded is suitable per se.
• the number, arrangement and design of the degassing openings depend on the amount of gas that the screw machine is to leave.
• the number, arrangement and geometry of the degassing openings in the extrusion of water-containing thermoplastics depend on the water content of the thermoplastic and the desired residual water content of the end product.
• the screw machines have at least one degassing opening. However, they can also have several degassing openings. For example, they can comprise two or three degassing openings. However, it is also possible for the screw machines to have a great deal more, for example up to 30, degassing openings.
• the degassing openings can be located on the top of the housing of the screw machine. But you can also have a side or downward arrangement. It is also possible, for example, to arrange the degassing openings in pairs opposite one another or in pairs above and below. A combination of the arrangements mentioned can also be considered. For example, the degassing opening can be placed one beside the other or placed one above the other. However, it is also possible for a plurality of degassing openings to be arranged next to one another or one above the other.
• the number and position of the degassing openings depends on the respective tasks.
• the degassing takes place with the conveying direction downstream of the metering zone or the metering and melting zone, ie forward. However, degassing can also take place upstream from the direction of flow, ie backwards to the metering zone. In the simplest case, there is only one degassing opening, which can be arranged upstream or downstream of a metering zone. If there are several metering zones, degassing can take place upstream or downstream of each of these metering zones.
• the degassing openings can be designed in a manner known per se and correspond in their geometry to known openings, as are usually used for removing gaseous substances from an extruder.
• degassing openings can be used which are recesses and / or bores in the extruder barrel (extruder housing).
• Circular bores or bores in the form of a lying figure eight i.e. two circular holes lying directly next to one another
• degassing openings are suitable as degassing openings, the longitudinal axis of the lying figure eight being arranged, for example, at right angles (transversely) or parallel (lengthwise) to the direction of conveyance of the extruder.
• Another preferred embodiment of the degassing openings is rectangular, square or oval, laterally, above or below.
• the square or rectangular openings can be designed with rounded corners. If more than one degassing opening is used, it is also possible that their geometries are different.
• the rectangular or oval degassing openings are particularly preferably arranged such that their longer side lies parallel to the axis of the extruder.
• the openings extend over all screws, for example over both screws of a twin-screw machine, so that both screws would be visible.
• one of the screws it is also possible for one of the screws to be covered, in whole or in part, so that only one side is degassed.
• you can the degassing opening should be arranged in such a way that it does not fit snugly, so that although all screws are degassed, the gas is only discharged via the screw that is not covered. If the pressure conditions allow this, the degassing opening can also be arranged cylindrically all round.
• the degassing opening is equipped with a metal wire mesh composite panel (“MVP”), a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture.
• MVP metal wire mesh composite panel
• the MVP is particularly preferred.
• the device has more than one degassing opening, at least one of them is equipped in this way. In one embodiment, all degassing openings are equipped in this way. According to another preferred embodiment, some degassing openings are equipped in this way and the remaining degassing openings are either open or provided with other devices which prevent the conveyed material from escaping. As such, e.g. serve a retention screw.
• the degassing opening or the degassing openings at which the gas outlet speed is greatest can each be equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture, while the degassing opening or the degassing openings at which only a small amount of material to be conveyed can be open.
• the geometry of the MVP, the fine perforated sheet or the slotted aperture is preferably adapted to that of the degassing opening. So it can be circular, have the shape of a lying figure eight, be rectangular, square or oval.
• the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture can be fastened in the degassing opening in a variety of ways.
• the respective of the devices mentioned is preferably welded, soldered or pressed into a stable frame.
• the frame can then be clamped, inserted or screwed into corresponding recesses of a displacer in the degassing opening.
• Foldable attachment is also possible, one side of the frame being provided with a fixed hinge or a comparable device.
• a variable attachment, for example foldable, pluggable, screwable, click-in, by means of a bayonet catch has the advantage that frames that have been prefabricated can be quickly replaced can. This makes cleaning, maintenance or inspection easier, but also machine adaptation due to product changes, for example.
• the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture can be fitted in the degassing opening in such a way that its surface is flush with the inner wall of the extruder barrel (extruder housing).
• the surface of the MVP, thin perforated plate or the slotted aperture does not protrude more than the play between the screw and the wall into the interior of the extruder. This prevents damage to the screw, the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture.
• Another advantage of such an embodiment is that deposits in front of the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture or continuous sticking of extrusion material is prevented.
• a recessed attachment can be particularly advantageous if e.g. the degassing opening is at the top and is in particular in the metering area and there is powdery extrusion material. If this is granted a certain volume during degassing, it can fall back into the worm gear.
• the surface of the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture is flush with the inside of the extruder housing, it preferably has the same curvature as the extruder barrel. However, it is also possible for the surface of the MVP, the fine perforated plate or the slotted aperture to have a different curvature. So it can be favorable that the surface is curved inwards or outwards or is completely flat. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is curved in accordance with the screw, so that the screw, following the curvature of the surface, can comb it regularly.
• the MVP can have a wire mesh that is, for example, smooth or has a linen weave. It is possible that the wire mesh has a square mesh shape or has a body bond. But it can also be a weave with smooth or linen weave, a body braid or armored braid. Mechanically very stable and therefore preferred are multi-layer wire mesh made of two or three or more, for example up to 30 layers, preferably 2 to 10 layers.
• MVP are preferred here, which have a coarsely woven, large-meshed but mechanically stable carrier layer (support fabric) and, based on this, have ever closer and finer woven intermediate and filter layers.
• the finest fabric is on the side facing the product.
• the mesh sizes for this finest tissue can be, for example, from 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ in.
• the mesh sizes of the carrier layer are significantly higher and can be up to several millimeters. Smaller mesh sizes for the finest tissue are also possible, for example if particularly fine particles are to be retained.
• the weave can be the same for all layers. But it is also possible that the weave is the same for some layers and then changes or changes from layer to layer.
• the type of weave and the number of layers depend on the respective task, in particular on the mechanical strength required, the pressure conditions or the separation task.
• the individual wire meshes can be sintered together. This embodiment is preferred.
• MVP are known per se and are offered, for example, in the trade for melt filtration purposes or as inflow bottoms for fluidized bed reactors. But they can also be made from known parts.
• the fine-hole screens which can be used according to the invention are finely perforated sheets with hole widths of, for example, 0.06 to 4 mm. They can also be combined with a wire mesh of the type specified above, the fine perforated sheet generally as
• Carrier material and the wire mesh serves as filter material. Conversely, it is also possible to use a coarse wire mesh as the support and a very finely perforated sheet as the filter layer. Fine orifice plates are known per se and are used in the prior art for screen centrifuges or centrifuges.
• Slotted aperture plates which can be used according to the invention have slit-shaped openings and differ from strainer housings in particular in that they do not have continuous slits but a large number of discrete openings.
• the openings can be arranged at any angle with respect to the screw axis, for example run parallel to the axis of the screw.
• the openings can also have a different direction with respect to the axis of the screw or the screws.
• the openings of the slotted hole diaphragm run transversely to the axis of the screw, in particular their direction of travel is 90 ° with respect to the axis of the screw or the screws.
• the openings can be of uniform size. However, their size can also vary.
• the length ratio of the longer or shorter axis of the openings can for example be in the range of
• the shorter of the axes of the openings can e.g. from 0.05 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.09 mm long.
• the shorter of the axes of the openings can also be longer in the case of multilayer slotted aperture plates, for example up to 0.5 mm long, slotted aperture plates
• slotted-hole diaphragms are known per se and are used in the prior art in screen centrifuges, centrifuges or fluidized-bed dryers.
• MVP fine perforated cover or slotted perforated cover
• these are galvanized or tinned unalloyed steels, NiC (carbon) steels, Cr steels, stainless steels
• precious metal such as silver. It is also possible to use polished, in particular smooth to mirror-smooth metallic materials. Metallic surfaces with the so-called lotus effect are also conceivable. For exceptional cases in low
• plastics can also be used. Most applications can be covered with material groups 1.40 to 1.45, of which chrome-nickel-molybdenum steels are used most frequently.
• the MVP, the perforated sheet or the screen hole screen can be easily cleaned by backwashing, brushing or annealing, since there is generally no deep loading within the fabric layers.
• the device according to the invention is an extruder with at least two screws rotating in the same or opposite directions, the extruder essentially being in the conveying direction (downstream)
• thermoplastic containing water is fed to the extruder by means of a metering device
• At least one squeezing section serving for the dewatering of the thermoplastic, which contains at least one damming element, as well as in each case at least one associated dewatering opening, which, if desired, can be equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture,
• At least one feed section in which further thermoplastic is introduced as a melt into the extruder is provided,
• At least one plasticizing section provided with mixing, kneading and / or other plasticizing elements
• At least one degassing section provided with at least one degassing opening, in which the remaining water is removed as steam, at least one of the degassing openings being equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture, and
• extruders which have at least one feed section.
• preferred among the extruders mentioned are those which comprise at least one squeezing section.
• the particularly preferred extruders include those which comprise both at least one feed section and at least one squeezing section.
• the device according to the invention can be used to extrude a thermoplastic that can be degassed and thereby dewatered. It is also possible to feed and extrude a mixture of water and thermoplastics, for example a slurry of thermoplastic in water, to the device. In this case, the water content of the thermoplastics is, for example, up to 90% by weight. It is also possible to extrude a mixture of different thermoplastics.
• the device can also be used to produce a water-wet, up to 60 wt .-% residual water component containing a thermoplastic from 'by this component of the device supplies, at least partially dehydrated by other components mixed and then discharging the thermoplastic.
• a water-wet up to 60 wt .-% residual water component containing a thermoplastic from 'by this component of the device supplies, at least partially dehydrated by other components mixed and then discharging the thermoplastic.
• impact-modified thermoplastics or polymer blends containing impact-modified thermoplastics are preferably produced.
• the device according to the invention can be used to produce impact-modified thermoplastics or polymer blends containing impact-modified thermoplastics by mixing at least one water-moist elastomer component A containing up to 60% by weight of residual water with at least one thermoplastic polymer B and further polymers C. and additives D in a screw machine with mechanical dewatering of the elastomer component A.
• sections or zones are not necessarily identical to the individual components such as housing parts, screw segments from which the device is assembled.
• a section or zone generally consists of several components.
• the device is a twin-screw extruder.
• an extruder with 3 or more screws or an extruder with a main screw of large diameter and small screws arranged around it (planetary arrangement) can also be used.
• the screws of the extruder preferably rotate in the same direction. However, rotation in the opposite direction is also possible. A twin-screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction is particularly preferably used.
• the water-moist elastomer component A which contains up to 60% by weight of residual water, is generally a moist solid. It is, for example, a graft rubber that is obtained by emulsion polymerization, precipitated and partially dewatered to a residual water content of up to 60% by weight - the partial dewatering being able to take place, for example, by filtration, sedimentation, pressing, decanting, centrifuging or thermal drying -, which is fed to the metering section of the extruder.
• the metering section usually consists of an automatically operating metering device and the actual metering opening.
• the metering device is designed, for example, as a screw conveyor which conveys or pushes the material to be conveyed into the metering opening.
• component A is metered by suitable gravimetric or volumetric metering devices and metered in free fall into the feed opening of the extruder.
• component A is drawn in and vented. The venting can take place through one or more openings arranged upstream or downstream of the metering opening, which are either not closed or closed by an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture.
• a section 1 is located upstream against the conveying direction of the extruder. It can be used for drainage, preferably drainage, and / or ventilation. It typically has one or more vents through which trapped air can escape. In addition, it can have one or more drainage openings, which are preferably used for drainage. According to the invention, one, several or all of these drainage openings can be equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture. In one of the preferred embodiments, an MVP can be used.
• component C and / or component D, or portions of the total amount of components C and / or D added are metered into one or more further openings arranged on the venting section. If both components C and D are fed in, this can be done together through one opening or through different openings (one for C and D, respectively).
• component C and / or component D or portions of the total amount of components C and / or D added are metered into the metering opening of the metering section or into one or more further openings arranged on the metering section , This can also take place in a further metering section 2 ', which follows the first metering section 2 and for which essentially the statements made in section 2 apply.
• the metering section 2 and / or the further metering sections 2 ′ can be equipped with one or more drainage openings, which are also preferably used for drainage. According to the invention, these can be equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture, an MVP being preferred.
• Components C and D can be fed to the extruder in the metering sections separately from A or together with A in one of the following combinations: A + C + D, A / C + D, A + C / D, A + D / C, A / C / D (where / means "separated from” by means of a separate opening and + “together with” through a common opening).
• the metering device for the components C and / or D can be, for example, a screw conveyor as in the metering of the elastomer component A, a pump or an extruder, depending on the physical state of C and D, in both of the embodiments.
• the extruder screws are generally designed as conventional screw conveyors.
• Usual screw conveyors in the sense of this application are elements with an "Erdmenger" profile (completely self-cleaning), shear edge elements, elements with a trapezoidal profile and elements with a rectangular profile, screw elements with conveying threads with a large pitch (pitch greater than a screw diameter) in the conveying direction (so-called RGS elements), or a combination of these elements, whereby the screws can also be equipped with a lower or higher number of gears, deviating from the number of gears of the squeezing part.
• two- and one-flight or two- or three-flight screw elements can also be used together.
• the screw elements of the screw conveyor can be the same or different in the sections mentioned.
• the water-moist elastomer component is conveyed downstream into the first squeezing section.
• the material is conveyed against a damming element which acts as an obstacle and which is generally located at the end of the squeeze section. This creates a pressure that squeezes the water out of the elastomer component.
• the pressure can be built up by means of different arrangements of screw elements, kneading elements or other accumulation elements. Basically, all commercially available device elements that serve to build up pressure are suitable.
• conveying screw elements - screw elements with a pitch opposite to the conveying direction which also includes screw elements with conveying threads with a large pitch (pitch greater than one screw diameter) opposite the conveying direction (so-called LGS elements)
• ZME - tooth mixing elements
• throttle disks neutral baffle disks
• mechanically adjustable throttles sliding housing, radial throttles, central throttles
• baffle elements Two or more of the baffle elements can also be combined with one another.
• the accumulation effect can be adapted to the respective elastomer by the length and the intensity of the individual accumulation elements.
• the screw elements which are located in front of the accumulation zone are generally designed as conventional screw conveyors.
• screw conveyors are used here whose pitch angle becomes flatter in the direction of the accumulation zone. This configuration results in a comparatively slow pressure build-up - one speaks of a compression zone - which can be advantageous for the dewatering of certain elastomer components.
• mixing elements and / or kneading elements, such as those mentioned below for the plasticizing section 5 are used in the squeezing section between the drainage opening and the first damming element. This embodiment can be particularly advantageous for certain consistencies and morphologies of the elastomer component.
• all the structural features and all operating parameters of the extruder are preferably matched to one another in such a way that, at the screw speed selected, the elastomer material is conveyed and compressed, but is not or only to a minor extent plasticized or melted and not melted.
• the squeezing section 3 of the extruder for building up pressure contains screw elements with an incline counter to the conveying direction and / or corresponding kneading blocks.
• the water squeezed out of the elastomer material in the first squeezing section leaves the extruder in the liquid phase and not as steam. In a less preferred embodiment, up to 20% by weight of the water removed in this section occurs
• the squeezing section is provided with one or more drainage openings, which are generally under normal pressure or overpressure. Their number, arrangement and design generally depend on the water content of the extrusion material and the desired residual water content in the end product.
• Drainage openings are preferably located approximately in the middle of the squeezing section.
• the drainage openings can be located, for example, on the top of the extruder, but can also have a side or downward arrangement.
• one or more drainage openings can be arranged perpendicular to the extruder axis on an imaginary circular arrangement around the extruder axis. Drainage openings upwards, downwards or on both sides of the extruder axis are also possible.
• a helix arrangement around the extruder axis and perpendicular to it is also possible.
• At least some of the drainage openings can be covered according to the invention by an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture.
• the drainage openings not equipped in this way are preferably provided with a device which prevents the conveyed elastomer A from escaping. So-called retention screws are particularly preferably used for this purpose.
• the drainage openings are designed in a manner known per se. Dewatering openings are preferably used, the dimensions of which are selected such that the openings cannot be blocked by the extruder contents. Cut-outs or bores in the extruder barrel (housing) are particularly preferably used as drainage openings. Due to the susceptibility to blockages described above and the high proportion of fine solid particles that are discharged, it is preferred not to use a strainer housing.
• the drainage opening associated with the damming elements can be located at a distance of at least one screw diameter Dscneck ⁇ ', preferably in a range from 1 to 4 D scrm ec k ⁇ ' and very particularly preferably 1 to 3.5 D screw , before the damming element or in In the case of several baffle elements, be upstream of the first baffle element.
• Distance is to be understood as the distance between the center of the drainage opening and the beginning of the first dam element.
• This distance from the baffle elements and the drainage opening ensures that the drainage opening is not in the area of the extruder in which the pressure of the polymer conveyed against the baffle elements is very high (pressure maximum).
• the temperature of the exiting water is generally 20 to 95 ° C and preferably 25 to 70 ° C, measured at the outlet opening.
• baffle elements and / or kneading elements already in the metering section or between the metering section and the first dewatering opening.
• These accumulation or kneading elements are selected in terms of type and number in such a way that they mechanically stress the elastomer component to a certain extent and change their properties in such a way that their drainability is improved, but do not plasticize or melt them only to a minor extent, however, do not melt.
• the extruder In the first squeezing section, depending on the elastomer component and the residual water content initially present, usually 10 to 90, preferably 20 to 80% by weight of the residual water initially contained are removed. In a preferred embodiment, the extruder is not heated in the metering sections and in the squeezing sections. In one embodiment, the extruder is cooled in these sections. 5
• the partially dewatered elastomer component A is conveyed over the accumulation zones and reaches the next extruder section.
• the first squeezing section 3 just described is followed by a second squeezing section 3 ', which in turn consists of a conveying section and a stowage zone which acts as an obstacle.
• a second squeezing section 3 ' which in turn consists of a conveying section and a stowage zone which acts as an obstacle.
• the elastomer component is further dewatered, again up to 80, preferably up to 65% by weight of the water initially (before the extrusion) being removed.
• ⁇ Screw extruder by the rotating of the mechanical energy introduced increases the temperature of the elastomer component in the second squeeze section 25 in the general mean to values up to 250 ° C.
• the method is preferably designed such that the extruder contents are exposed to the lowest possible temperatures.
• the extruder is therefore preferably designed and operated in such a way that the temperature of the elastomer component does not exceed 200 ° C., particularly preferably 180 ° C.
• the temperatures mentioned refer to the storage areas.
• the water removed in the second squeezing section exits as a liquid from 20 to 99% by weight, the amount missing at 100% by weight as steam.
• the dewatering openings are preferably designed in such a way that the proportion of the liquid escaping water is 70% by weight or more despite the high material temperature.
• the geometries of the extruder screws and, if appropriate, the retaining screws are designed in such a way that the water remains predominantly liquid, for example by building up pressure in the outlet area or by other measures.
• the drainage openings can also be equipped according to the invention with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture. Any pressure maintenance that may be required is generally carried out outside the MVP Fine perforated sheet or the slotted aperture in the derivatives.
• the water temperature at the outlet opening is 40 to 130, preferably 50 to 99 ° C, but also higher under pressure.
• the partially dewatered elastomer component can already be melted or melted to a greater extent at the end of the second squeezing section 3 'and can be present in the form of larger melted agglomerates.
• the extruder can contain further squeeze sections behind the second squeeze section 3 ', in particular when the initial residual water content of the elastomer component A is high.
• the squeezed water usually leaves the extruder through all the drainage openings.
• the amount metered in (degree of filling of the extruder) and its residual water content it is also possible that the squeezed-out water does not come out at all of the available drainage openings and the other drainage openings are "dry", that is to say none or almost -not drain water. This has in no way proven to be disadvantageous.
• the water removed in the squeezing sections can be collected and used, for example, in the production of components A, B, C and / or D.
• the squeezed water can be reused in the manufacturing process of the elastomer component A or in the precipitation of the rubber from its latex. This circular mode of operation of the water improves the economy and the environmental friendliness of the process since less waste water is produced.
• the melt of polymer B can be supplied by means of an extruder or by means of conveying devices such as melt pumps or metering screws.
• component C and / or component D in addition to the melt of the thermoplastic polymer B, component C and / or component D, or portions of the total amount of components C and / or D added, can be introduced into the extruder.
• these components may be as a melt or liquid upstream and are in this case usually with Dosierr wornen, as they are also used for feeding the melt of the polymer B, or if the component is liquid, with * a liquid pump, metered , In the case of solid components » .
• C and / or D are usually dosed as described for component A.
• Components C and D can be fed to the extruder separately from B or together with B in one of the following combinations: B + C + D, B / C + D, B + C / D, B + D / C, B / C / D (where / means "separated from” by means of a separate opening and + “together with” through a common opening).
• components C and / or D, or proportions of the total amount of components C and / or D added can be passed to the extruder in section 4 or also in the sections already described in a form that is not or not completely melted by means of a positive-action metering device Feed 1 and 2.
• a metering device is, for example, an extruder, in particular a twin-screw extruder with intermeshing, counter-rotating screws.
• extruder so-called “side extruder”
• metering pump as a metering device for components C and / or D is preferred.
• the screw is expediently designed as a screw conveyor which contains the mixture of the elastomer component A and the melt of the thermoplastic B and optionally the components C and / or D is only able to homogenize to a small extent.
• the screw conveyor what has been said for the metering section applies.
• mixing and / or kneading elements can also be used in this area.
• the extruder in addition to section 4, which is located between the (last) squeezing section and (first) plasticizing section 5 (see below), the extruder has further sections 4 ′, 4 ′′ etc. a melt of the thermoplastic polymer B is also supplied.
• these further feed sections 4 ′, 4 ′′ etc. are located downstream in the area behind the feed section 4 and before the end of the extruder.
• the supply of the melt from B via a plurality of supply sections 4, 4 ', 4' 'etc. can be particularly advantageous when special product compositions are desired.
• the distribution of the total amount of B over the different sections 4, 4 ', 4' 'etc. can vary within wide limits.
• the mass ratio [melt of B in section 4 / melt of B in section 4'] can be between 9.5: 0.5 and 0.5: 9.5, preferably between 9: 1 and 1: 9, particularly preferably between 8.5: 1.5 and 1.5: 8.5.
• a plasticizing section 5 which is provided with mixing, kneading and / or other plasticizing elements, adjoins the section supplying the thermoplastic melt B and optionally the components C and / or D.
• the mixing and / or kneading elements homogenize the polymer mixture with simultaneous melting of the dewatered elastomer component A 'and optionally components C and / or D-
• Screw elements with a small pitch in the conveying direction - kneading blocks with narrow or wide, conveying or non-conveying kneading disks, Screw elements with a slope opposite to the conveying direction
• baffle elements since in general each baffle element also has a mixing effect.
• Various combinations of kneading blocks are preferably used as plasticizing as mixing and kneading elements.
• Throttle disks can also be used advantageously. All of the elements mentioned can be used as a normal version corresponding to the diameter of the extruder housing or as a special version with a reduced diameter.
• conveyor threads and / or kneading blocks can be provided with open-worked and / or reduced-diameter combs.
• the selection of the screw elements in the plasticizing section with regard to their type, number and dimensions depends on the components of the polymer mixture, in particular on the viscosity and softening temperature and the miscibility of the components.
• the extruder can contain one or more further plasticizing sections 5 ', for example if the homogenization and the melting of the mixture in the first plasticizing section was not complete.
• component C and / or component D or portions of the total amount of components C and / or D, to at least one of the plasticizing sections, this supply of the components separately from one another through different openings or together through a common one Opening can take place.
• the melt of the thermoplastic polymer B and optionally the components C and / or D are fed to the extruder at the beginning of the plasticizing section.
• the section of the thermoplastic feed 4 accordingly coincides with the beginning of the plasticizing section 5.
• one or more further plasticizing sections are located in front of section 4, in which the melt of the thermoplastic polymer is fed, ie behind the last squeezing section.
• this plastication section 5 for example, the rubber 'the very substantially dewatered elastomer component A' powder, first homogenized alone and plasticized.
• melt of the thermoplastic polymer B and optionally the components C and / or D are accordingly introduced into a viscous "melt" of the elastomer component A 'in this embodiment.
• plasticizing section 5 following the admixture of melt B and C and / or D (section 4) only serves to homogenize the mixture of the components already present in the plastic state.
• components A, B, C and D are selected depends on the proportions as well as the physical and chemical properties of components A, B, C and D to be mixed.
• the device according to the invention has one or more degassing sections 6 and 6 ', each of which is provided with one or more degassing openings.
• Degassing sections can lie in front of the first feed section 4. They can also be arranged behind (downstream). Furthermore, it is possible for a degassing section to be arranged in front of and a degassing section behind the first feed section 4. For example, according to a preferred embodiment, it is also possible to arrange one or more degassing sections between two feed sections 4 and 4 '. According to a likewise preferred embodiment, the degassing sections and supply shading can be arranged in such a way that one before and after each supply
• Degassing can occur in the melt. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is possible to additionally arrange one or more degassing sections after the last plasticizing section. According to a further preferred embodiment, the degassing sections arranged after the last plasticizing section can be the only degassing sections of the device. Due to the temperatures of the polymer melt, which are usually above 100 ° C, the water mostly escapes completely as steam. The energy required to evaporate the water is introduced by squeezing, plasticizing and / or via the metered melt.
• degassing openings can be arranged as explained at the beginning and have the geometry described at the beginning.
• a top, bottom or side arrangement with a rectangular, circular or double eight cross section is particularly preferred.
• the degassing openings can be operated under normal pressure, under vacuum or under positive pressure, it being possible for all the degassing openings to have the same or different pressure.
• the moisture content of the extrusion material can be adjusted within certain limits at this point by appropriate pressure build-up or vacuum.
• the absolute pressure is usually 2 to 900 mbar, preferably 10 to 800 mbar, particularly preferably 30 to 500 mbar; in the event of degassing under excess pressure, an absolute pressure of up to 20 bar is generally set. However, it is preferred to operate the degassing sections under normal pressure or under vacuum.
• the number of degassing sections and, as explained at the outset, the number, arrangement and dimensioning of the degassing openings suitably depend on the water content of the Degassing sections entering polymers and the desired water content in the end product.
• an extruder with two or three degassing sections is used.
• At least one of the vent openings of the extruder is equipped with an MVP, a fine perforated plate or a slotted aperture of the type mentioned at the beginning. MVPs are particularly preferred. The remaining degassing openings are not covered or, as is preferred, with others
• one of the degassing openings is equipped with an MVP, the others are equipped with a fine perforated plate.
• Residual water has already been removed in the squeezing sections 3 and 3 ', in all degassing sections 6 and 6' taken together about 10 to 80, preferably 20 to 75% by weight of the residual water contained in the elastomer component A before the extrusion is removed.
• the extruder screws are generally designed as conventional screw conveyors, as have already been described for the metering sections. However, it may be useful to install kneading or mixing elements in the screws in the area between the degassing openings in order to feed the energy consumed in the evaporation of the water again.
• the extruder has a further section 7 between the last degassing section and the discharge zone, in which, by means of at least one metering device, components C and / or D (or proportions of the total amount of components C and / or D added), either together or separately from each other, are fed to the extruder.
• This further section 7 is provided with mixing, kneading or other plasticizing elements, as have already been mentioned by way of example for the plasticizing sections. They homogenize the polymer mixture.
• Preferred mixing and / or kneading elements are kneading blocks with non-conveying kneading disks and / or kneading blocks with a conveying pitch, kneading blocks with different web widths, tooth mixing elements and melt mixing elements, and as metering devices extruders with one or two screws (so-called side extruders), and / or Pumps, especially melt pumps, are used.
• ' is the total amount of the components C and / or D which are to be introduced into the extruder, either supplied in the further portion 7, or in the metering section 2, or in the broader portion 7 and the metering section 2, the extruder.
• Components C and / or D can be added together through at least one or separately through several feed openings.
• the last section of the extruder is the discharge zone 8. It consists of a screw conveyor and a closed housing part that is closed with a defined discharge opening.
• a nozzle head is preferably used as the discharge opening, which is designed, for example, as a nozzle plate or nozzle strip, the nozzles being circular (perforated nozzle plate), slot-shaped or in some other way.
• the product discharged as a strand in the case of a nozzle plate is, as usual, e.g. cooled in water and granulated. Cube pelletizing is possible especially when using a slot nozzle.
• a special nozzle head with subsequent underwater pelletizing is used instead of the nozzle strip described above with the otherwise usual combination of strand draw, water bath and granulator.
• the polymer melt passes through a nozzle plate with preferably circularly arranged round bores, is separated from rotating knives under water and cooled under water, the polymer solidifying into more or less round, pearl-shaped grains.
• a hot-cut method is used instead of the discharge via the nozzle bar, water bath cooling and granulation, the polymer melt emerging from the nozzle head not being cooled by liquid, but after Leaving the nozzle head after a short air cooling while still hot is crushed (granulated). The resulting granulate is then cooled further (for example by spraying with water) or cools down during further processing, if this is necessary. Further processing in hot condition or direct extrusion of plates, foils, pipes and profiles is also possible.
• so-called underwater strand pelletizing is used.
• the melt emerges as a strand from a nozzle plate and is immediately wetted by a surge of water, after which the strands are introduced into a water bath over an inclined plane and, after cooling, are granulated
• the discharge zone 8 is provided with a device for filtering the melt emerging from the extruder, which is located in the conveying direction in front of the die head.
• a device for filtering the melt emerging from the extruder which is located in the conveying direction in front of the die head.
• Such devices for continuous melt filtration are known to the person skilled in the art and are commercially available.
• a conveying element can be installed between the discharge zone and the melt filtration, for example a melt pump or a screw conveyor, in order to build up the pressure in the melt that is necessary to pass the filter unit.
• the melt emerging from the filtration device is granulated or further processed in another way, as has already been described.
• the water content of the polymer discharged (the "strand moisture") is generally 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, based on this polymer.
• the temperature of the polymer melt emerging from the discharge opening is generally 180 to 350 ° C., depending on the type of polymer used.
• the different zones of an extruder can be individually heated or cooled in order to set an optimal temperature profile along the screw axis.
• the individual sections of the extruder can usually be of different lengths. In order to obtain certain product properties, it can be particularly useful to cool certain parts of the extruder or to temper it to a certain temperature that deviates from the temperature of the rest of the extruder.
• the temperatures and lengths of the individual sections to be selected in the individual case differ depending on the chemical and physical properties of the components already mentioned by way of example and their proportions.
• a speed of the extruder screws in the range from 50 to 1800 min ⁇ 1 is mentioned only as an example.
• shear speeds of 35 to 260 s -1 are advantageously set for the preferred speed range 100 to 700 min -1 .
• All commercially available screws can be used as extruder screws, for example screws with an outside diameter of 10 to 1000 mm. Which screw diameters are suitable depends on e.g. according to the type and amount of the components metered into the extruder. The outside diameter of the screws can be constant along the extruder or vary within certain limits.
• screws with a small flight depth or screws with a large flight depth can be used in the extruder.
• Snails are preferably a Gangtiefenverphaselntnis D Sch corner, outside / Ds chnecke, i can from 1.2 to 1.8 preferably 1.4 to 1.6, particularly preferably 1.45 to 1.58, is used.
• a commercially available embodiment of the extruder, which is suitable for the method according to the invention, has a pitch ratio of 1.55, for example, and therefore has a large pitch.
• screws with a medium pitch especially those with a pitch ratio of 1.4 to 1.48 are used.
• This embodiment of the extruder can be advantageous for certain components and certain amounts of the components. Snails with a depth ratio of more than 2 are also suitable.
• the number of flights of the snail can vary. In particular, n is 1 or 2 or 3. Two-start screws are preferably used. However, screws with different numbers of flights can also be used, or those screws that have sections with different numbers of flights.
• extruder screws can be used in which the flight depth ratio varies along the screw, with a connection between the number of flights and the flight depth ratio (step screw).
• a screw can preferably be used in which the change from 3 to 2 gears is accompanied by a change in the gear depth from low to high gear depth ratio.
• elastomer component A Any polymer which has elastomeric properties and can be fed to an extruder can be used as the elastomer component A.
• a mixture of different elastomer components A can also be used.
• particulate rubbers are used as component A.
• Particularly preferred are those rubbers which have a grafted-on shell made of other, generally non-elastomeric, polymers.
• the graft rubber types fed to the extruder as partially dewatered material contain up to 50, particularly preferably 25 to 40% by weight of residual water.
• One embodiment of the invention consists in a process in which two or more stages of graft rubbers are used as elastomer component A, in which the elastomeric base or graft stages are obtained by polymerizing one or more of the monomers butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene; styrene,
• Alkylstyrene, ci- to cio-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and small amounts of other, also crosslinking monomers are obtained, and in which the hard grafting stages are polymerized from one or more of the monomers styrene, alkylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate.
• polar monomers or crosslinking monomers can be polymerized into the core or shell.
• thermoplastic polymers B styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers, polystyrene, polyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures of these polymers are used as thermoplastic polymers B.
• SAN styrene-acrylonitrile
• SAN polymers polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or mixtures of these polymers are preferred.
• thermoplastic polymers B Polycarbonates, polyalkylene terephthalates such as polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyamides, and mixtures of these thermoplastics, can also be used as thermoplastic polymers B.
• thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can also be used as polymer B.
• component B can be copolymers based on styrene / maleic anhydride, styrene / imidized maleic anhydride, styrene / maleic anhydride / imidated maleic anhydride, styrene / methyl methacrylate / imidated maleic anhydride, styrene / methyl methacrylate, styrene / methyl methacrylate / maleic methacrylate Use maleic anhydride, styrene / imidated methyl methacrylate, imidated PMMA or mixtures of these polymers.
• the styrene can be replaced in whole or in part by ⁇ -methylstyrene, or by ring-alkylated styrenes, or by acrylonitrile.
• polymers B those based on ⁇ -methylstyrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / maleic anhydride, styrene / methyl methacrylate and copolymers with imidized maleic anhydride are preferred.
• elastomer component A polymers of conjugated dienes such as butadiene, with an outer one
• Graft shell based on a vinyl aromatic compound such as SAN copolymers are also known Basis of crosslinked polymers from C ⁇ ⁇ to Cio-alkyl esters of acrylic acid such as n-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, grafted with polymers based on vinyl aromatic compounds such as SAN copolymers. Also common are graft rubbers which essentially contain a copolymer of conjugated dienes and ci- to cio-alkyl acrylates, for example a butadiene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer, and an outer graft stage made of SAN copolymer, polystyrene or PMMA.
• Graft rubbers based on SAN-grafted polybutadiene are described, for example, in the documents DT 24 27 960 and EP-A 258 741, those based on SAN-grafted poly-n-butyl acrylate in DE-AS 12 60 135 and DE-OS 31 49 358. More information on SAN-grafted poly (butadiene / n-butyl acrylate) mixed rubbers can be found in EP-A 62 901.
• thermoplastic polymers B are known and in some cases also commercially available and generally have a viscosity number VZ (determined according to DIN 53 726 at 25 ° C., 0.5% by weight in dimethylformamide) of
• thermoplastic polymers B are preferably prepared by continuous bulk or solution polymerization, the melt obtained, if appropriate after removal of the solvents, being fed continuously directly to the extruder, for example using a melt pump.
• production by emulsion, suspension or precipitation polymerization is also possible, the polymer being separated from the liquid phase in an additional step.
• the elastomer component A is a SAN-grafted polybutadiene
• incorporation of the SAN creates a molding compound known as ABS (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene).
• ASA molding compositions acylonitrile / styrene / acrylate
• graft rubbers with a residual water content of up to 60% by weight based on polydienes and / or polyalkyl acrylates as well as SAN and / or PMMA are used, which are composed of more than two grafting stages.
• Examples of such multistage graft particles are particles which contain a polydiene and / or polyalkylacrylate as the core, a polystyrene or SAN polymer as the first shell and another SAN polymer with a changed styrene: acrylonitrile weight ratio as the second shell, or also particles from a Polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer core, a first shell made of polydiene and / or polyalkyl acrylate and a second shell made of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer.
• graft rubbers made from a polydiene core, one or more polyalkylacrylate shells and one or more polymer shells made from polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate or SAN polymer, or graft rubbers with an acrylic core and polydiene shells constructed analogously.
• Copolymers with a multi-stage core-shell structure made of crosslinked alkyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate and an outer shell made of PMMA are also common.
• Such multi-stage graft rubbers are e.g. described in DE-OS 31 49 046.
• Graft rubbers based on n-butyl acrylate / styrene / methyl methacrylate with a shell made of PMMA are e.g. in EP-A 512 333, wherein any other structure of such graft rubbers corresponding to the prior art is also possible.
• Such rubbers are used as an impact-resistant component for polyvinyl chloride and preferably for impact-resistant PMMA.
• thermoplastic polymers B are preferably used as thermoplastic polymers B.
• the elastomer component A is a multi-shell core / shell polymer based on n-butyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate, and the polymer B is PMMA, impact-resistant PMMA is accordingly obtained.
• the diameter of the particulate graft rubbers is 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m. If it is the generally known graft rubbers of small diameter, it is preferably 0.08 to 1.5 and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.8 ⁇ m. In the large-part graft rubbers which are expediently produced by means of suspension polymerization, the diameter is preferably 1.8 to 18 and in particular 2 to 15 ⁇ m. DE-OS 44 43 886 teaches such graft rubbers of large diameter.
• preferred component B are the SAN copolymers, polystyrene and / or PMMA mentioned.
• Component C is a further polymer, in particular a thermoplastic polymer. All polymers that have been mentioned for thermoplastic polymer B are suitable for component C. As a rule, the polymers B and C differ in the monomers used.
• the components B and C generally differ in the proportions of the monomers - for example, the polymers B and C can be styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers which are Styrene: Differentiate the acrylonitrile ratio. If the proportions of the monomers are also identical, the polymers B and C differ by their different average molecular weights M W (B) and M W (C), measurable, for example, as different viscosity numbers VZ (B) and VZ (C).
• component B In addition to the monomers styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and vinyl chloride mentioned among others for component B, the following other compounds can also be used as essential components as monomers for the production of C.
• component C examples include polymers based on ⁇ -methylstyrene / acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate / alkyl acrylate, and copolymers of alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and styrene or acrylonitrile or styrene and acrylonitrile.
• Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers with proportions of the monomers deviating from component B, or different average molecular weights M w , Copolymers of ⁇ -methylstyrene and acrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylates, polycarbonates,
• Copolymers of at least two of the monomers styrene, methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and maleimides for example copolymers of styrene, maleic anhydride and phenyl maleimide, ABS produced by bulk polymerization or solution polymerization,
• TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
• Polymethyl methacrylates are to be understood in particular as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and copolymers based on methyl methacrylate with up to 40% by weight of further copolymerizable monomers, such as are available, for example, under the names Guestyl from BASF Aktiengesellschaft or Plexiglas® from Röhm GmbH , A copolymer of 98% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 2% by weight of methyl acrylate as a comonomer (Plexiglas 8N, Röhm) may be mentioned only as an example.
• a copolymer of methyl methacrylate with styrene and maleic anhydride as comonomers (Plexiglas ® HW55, from Röhm) is also suitable.
• Suitable polycarbonates are known per se. They are e.g. according to the process of DE-B-1 300 266 by interfacial polycondensation or according to the process of DE-A-14 95 730 by reaction of biphenyl carbonate with bisphenols.
• the preferred bisphenol is 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, generally referred to as bisphenol A.
• aromatic dihydroxy compounds can also be used, in particular 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 2,6-dihydroxynapthalene, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4'- Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfite, 4,4 '-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, 1, 1-di- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane or 4, 4-dihydroxydiphenyl and mixtures of the aforementioned dihydroxy compounds.
• 2,2-di (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane 2,6-dihydroxynapthalene
• 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether
• 4,4'- Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfite 4,4 '-dihydroxydiphenylmethane
• Particularly preferred polycarbonates are those based on bisphenol A or bisphenol A together with up to 30 mol% of the aromatic dihydroxy compounds mentioned above.
• Polycarbonates are, for example, under the trade name macro Ion® (Messrs. Bayer), Lexan ®, Panlite® (Messrs. Teijin) or Calibre® (Messrs. Dow) available (from General Electric.).
• the relative viscosity of these polycarbonates is generally in the range from 1.1 to 1.5, in particular 1.28 to 1.4 (measured at 25 ° C. in a 0.5% strength by weight solution in dichloromet).
• Polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate are generally prepared in a manner known per se by condensation of terephthalic acid or its esters with butanediol or ethanediol with catalysis. The condensation is advantageously carried out in two stages (precondensation and polycondensation). Details can be found, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th edition, volume 19, pp. 61-88. Polybutylene terephthalate is commercially available, for example, as Ultradur (from BASF).
• Preferred polyamides are very generally those with an aliphatic partially crystalline or partially aromatic and amorphous structure of any kind and their blends.
• Corresponding products are e.g. available under the trade name Ultramid (from BASF).
• Thermoplastic polyurethanes are usually produced by reacting organic, preferably aromatic, diisocyanates such as, for example, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, with polyhydroxy compounds which are preferably essentially linear, for example polyetherols, or polyesterols such as polyalkylene glycol polyadipates, and as chain extenders acting diols such as butane-1, 4-diol, in the presence of catalysts such as tertiary amines (such as triethylamine) or organic metal compounds.
• organic, preferably aromatic, diisocyanates such as, for example, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• polyhydroxy compounds which are preferably essentially linear, for example poly
• the ratio of NCO groups of the diisocyanates to the sum of the OH groups is preferably about 1 to 1.
• the TPU is preferably produced by the so-called belt process, in which the components mentioned and the catalyst are continuously mixed by means of a mixing head and the reaction mixture is applied to a conveyor belt.
• the strip passes through a zone heated to 60 to 200 ° C, the mixture reacting and solidifying. Details of the TPU can be found, for example, in EP-A 443 432.
• TPUs are available, for example, under the trade name Elastollan® (from Elastogran).
• Component C can also essentially consist of copolymers of C 2 -Cs-alkenes such as ethylene, propene and butene
• Ci- to Cio-alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid other mono- or polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated acids such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and their esters, especially glycidyl esters, esters with Ci bis Cs-alkanols and esters with aryl-substituted Ci to C 8 ⁇ alkanols, carbon monoxide,
• Non-aromatic vinyl compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl alkyl ethers, basic monomers such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, vinyl carbazole, vinyl aniline, vinyl caprolactam, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole and vinyl formamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile
• a polymer C which can be prepared from 40 to 75% by weight of ethylene, 5 to 20% by weight of carbon monoxide and 20 to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate (as Elvaloy® HP-4051 ( DuPont) commercially available) or a polymer selected from 50 to 98.9% by weight of ethylene, 1 to 45% by weight of n-butyl acrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more compounds from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride.
• n-butyl acrylate as Elvaloy® HP-4051 ( DuPont) commercially available
• Copolymers of butadiene or substituted butadienes with styrene, methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile are also suitable, for example nitrile rubber (NBR) or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
• NBR nitrile rubber
• SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
• the olefinic double bonds in these copolymers can be fully or partially hydrogenated.
• component C is optionally hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated copolymers of butadiene and styrene with block structures. They are preferred using the method of anionic polymerization in solution using organometallic compounds such as sec. -Butyllithium produced, linear block rubbers, for example, of the structure styrene / butadiene (two-block) or styrene / butadiene / styrene (three-block) are formed. These blocks can be separated from each other by polymers with a statistical distribution, and the blocks can also contain units of the other monomer in minor amounts.
• organometallic compounds such as sec. -Butyllithium produced, linear block rubbers, for example, of the structure styrene / butadiene (two-block) or styrene / butadiene / styrene (three-block) are formed. These blocks can be separated from each other by polymers with a statistical distribution, and the blocks can also contain
• polymer chains are formed which, starting from a butadiene-rich starting segment, have an increasing styrene content along the chain and ultimately end in a homo-polystyrene end segment. Details of the manufacturing process are described in DE-A 31 06 959. Polymers C constructed in this way, optionally hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated, are also very suitable.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• component C are polymers with a star-shaped structure, which are obtained by linking several polymer chains, mainly styrene / butadiene / styrene type three-block polymers, via polyfunctional molecules.
• Suitable linking agents are e.g. Polyepoxides, for example epoxidized linseed oil, polyisocyanates such as benzo-1, 2, 4-triisocyanate, polyketones such as 1, 3, 6-hexanetrione and polyanhydrides, also dicarboxylic acid esters such as diethyl adipate, and silicon halides such as SiCl, metal halides such as TiCl and polyvinyl aromatics such as divinylbenzenes. More about the manufacture of these polymers is e.g. can be found in DE-A 26 10 068.
• the molding compositions prepared by the process according to the invention can contain, as further component D, additives, for example waxes, plasticizers, lubricants and mold release agents, pigments, dyes, matting agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, stabilizers against the action of light and thermal damage , fibrous and powdery fillers and reinforcing agents and antistatic agents in the amounts customary for these agents.
• additives for example waxes, plasticizers, lubricants and mold release agents, pigments, dyes, matting agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, stabilizers against the action of light and thermal damage , fibrous and powdery fillers and reinforcing agents and antistatic agents in the amounts customary for these agents.
• the additives D can be present in pure form, solid, liquid or gaseous, or can already be used as a mixture of the pure substances with one another. They can also be used in a formulation that facilitates dosing, for example as a solution or as a dispersion (emulsion or suspension). Also a formulation as a masterbatch, ie as a concentrated mixture with one compatible with the extruder content thermoplastic polymers, is suitable and in some cases preferred.
• the polymers C and the additives D can be fed to the extruder in one or more of the extruder sections mentioned.
• components C and / or D are fed to the extruder in the further section 7.
• the components C and D can be metered into the same section or sections or into different extruder sections, and both C and D can be fed to the extruder 100% in one section or in several sections.
• thermoplastic molding compositions produced by the process can be processed to moldings using the generally customary processes. Examples include extrusion (for pipes, profiles, fibers, foils and sheets), injection molding (for all kinds of molded parts) and calendering and rolling (for sheets and foils).
• An essential advantage of the device and the method according to the invention is that essentially no fine particles emerge from the extruder via the degassing openings and / or dewatering openings.
• the device according to the invention is technically considerably simpler than the known devices. Compared to the devices known from the prior art, the invention has the further advantage that it can be handled much more easily, so that cleaning and replacement can be carried out very quickly.
• a polybutyl acrylate g SAN rubber with 38% residual moisture was metered in and extruded with a throughput of 193.5 kg. After the partial drainage in zones 3 and 4, 65 kg / h of SAN melt were metered in in zones 6 and 10. The degassing opening in zone 2 was closed with the retention devices designated under a-c. The shape of the retention device corresponded to the screw rounding.
• Zone 2 degassing opening provided with
• a polybutadiene g SAN graft rubber with 28% residual moisture was metered in.
• the rubber was partially dewatered and was available as a powder.
• the temperature was approximately 150 ° C., so that water could still evaporate before being mixed with SAN melt.
• the melt was supplied via zone 6, optionally also via zone 10. given so that a product with about 30% rubber resulted.
• the throughput of wet rubber was 125 kg / h in one setting and 170 kg / h in another.
• the extruder speed was 300 rpm.

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