WO2004020793A1 - Procede de conversion d'energie et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procede de conversion d'energie et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004020793A1
WO2004020793A1 PCT/DE2003/002628 DE0302628W WO2004020793A1 WO 2004020793 A1 WO2004020793 A1 WO 2004020793A1 DE 0302628 W DE0302628 W DE 0302628W WO 2004020793 A1 WO2004020793 A1 WO 2004020793A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
working gas
pressure
pressure vessel
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/002628
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Berdel
Original Assignee
Arnold Berdel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arnold Berdel filed Critical Arnold Berdel
Priority to EP03790678A priority Critical patent/EP1527257A1/fr
Priority to AU2003260255A priority patent/AU2003260255A1/en
Publication of WO2004020793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004020793A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for energy conversion according to a closed thermodynamic cycle, in particular according to the Carnot process, using a working gas, to which heat is supplied to perform work, and a device therefor.
  • the Carnot cycle has a relatively high thermal efficiency, which is only dependent on the upper and the lower limit temperature.
  • the technical implementation of this cycle is difficult because an isothermal change of state is practically impossible and because of the pressures that occur, compression is only possible within small temperature ranges.
  • wind power or solar radiation also proves to be problematic in the case of constant power supply, since if there is no wind or insufficient solar radiation, the capacity of a wind or solar power plant must be provided by a conventional power plant, which is sufficient if wind power or solar radiation is sufficient to generate electricity is only in a standby state. This means that energy supply companies and power plant operators incur high costs for providing energy to cover peak loads in electricity consumption, which represent a significant part of the purchase costs of electricity for consumers.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of an inventive device for performing the process.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of the device according to FIG. 7 in an alternative embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 shows a Carnot process that starts at point 1.
  • a quantity of heat supplied is partially converted into technical work W, with a working gas being expansive from point 1 to point 2. diert.
  • Tj the area and thus also the heat conversion below the Tj isotherm increases.
  • Starting point 1 should therefore be controlled periodically.
  • Carnot chooses the lowest possible temperature T 2 in the vicinity of the ambient temperature.
  • the working gas is compressed isothermally from point 3 to point 4.
  • the amount of heat expelled Q 2 corresponds to the work done on the gas. From point 4 to point 1 there is an adiabatic compression of the working gas, the temperature of which increases from T 2 to Ti.
  • a pressure cylinder 10 with a piston is shown below the cycle.
  • heat is expelled from the working gas.
  • the internal energy of the working gas is smaller at point 1 than at point 3.
  • the imagined, friction-free piston in the pressure cylinder 10 cannot reach the starting point 3 of the compression.
  • the possible return path that the piston will cover due to the internal energy of the working gas is shown by the dashed line.
  • the isentropic expansion begins in the direction of point 4.
  • the piston of the pressure cylinder 10 does not change the downward direction at point 4 but does isentropic work up to point 5.
  • the work performed corresponds to the area under the isentropes 1-4 -5.
  • the pressure force of the working gas acts on the piston from one side and the air pressure p Lc ⁇ of the environment from the other side. Both pressures and the corresponding forces are in amount and Direction the same size but directed in opposite directions.
  • the working gas temperature T 3 at point 5 is lower than the working gas temperature T 2 and has reached the minimum.
  • the working gas uses the temperature difference to the environment and absorbs heat.
  • the temperature of the working gas rises and its volume increases under the action of the piston isobarically.
  • the piston is moved to the right in the direction of point 3.
  • the process ends when the temperature of the working gas has reached the ambient temperature T2.
  • the left-handed cycle ends at point 3.
  • the expansion work done by the working gas is less than the compression work done.
  • the process flow for reproductive work efficiency between points 5 and 3 is significant for the technical use of ambient heat.
  • the working gas temperature is T 3 for the piston position in point 5 and T 2 for the piston position in point 3.
  • the working gas expands from T 3 to T 2 , where T 3 ⁇ T 2
  • the piston does mechanical work on the environment. This work cannot be used technically. Nevertheless, there are other starting points here that show how a thermal process can be controlled in order to use the ambient heat or generally use thermal energy more efficiently.
  • the atmospheric air pressure acts on the piston at point 5 or at piston position 5 as an equally large, oppositely directed force.
  • the process flow direction changes.
  • the piston does mechanical work due to the internal energy of the working gas.
  • the working gas temperature drops from Ti to T 3 .
  • the working gas absorbs ambient heat and performs mechanical work due to the amount of heat supplied.
  • the working gas temperature rises and the gas volume increases. Due to the infinitesimally higher gas working pressure, the piston moves in the direction of point 3 and does mechanical work.
  • the working gas reaches the temperature T 2 . Further heat absorption is no longer possible. Reproductive energy generation ends at the expense of ambient heat.
  • a working gas along the isotherms i takes heat from a heat container, the temperature of which does not change during the process, and does the corresponding amount of mechanical work.
  • the work generated corresponds to the area under the isotherms Ti according to FIGS. 2 and 3 and is limited by the curve points 1-2-bal.
  • an external force F mech x acts on the piston at point x, which force can be generated, for example, by a hydrostatic water column, the height of which does not change during the process.
  • the internal working gas force F t hx r acts on the piston and is calculated from the working gas pressure at x multiplied by the piston area A.
  • the working temperature is T x ⁇ Ti.
  • the internal force F th x acting on the piston forms an equilibrium of forces with the external force F meC h x - the isentropic expansion of the working gas stops .
  • the isentropic mechanical work corresponds to the area 1-xfal. Thermal energy generation has not yet ended.
  • thermodynamics takes this fact into account. After thermodynamic considers a process is supplied to the quantity of heat Q to as thermal energy. This thermal see energy (Q zu ) cannot be completely put into work after the assumption according to Newton's third axiom. Thermodynamics describes the deficit that arises from the energy conservation law as the entropy quantity.
  • the amount of heat Q is more of a type of thermal field property in which the heat conversion process takes place. Such an assumption makes perfect sense.
  • the amount of heat Q zu cannot be completely transferred into work based on force theoretical assumptions. However, as far as conversion is theoretically possible, the energy conservation rate applies without exception.
  • FIG. 4 shows the isobaric change in state of a gas between the Ti and T 2 isotherms.
  • An imaginary frictionless, mass-free piston moves within the pressure cylinder 10 on the path s.
  • the piston in the pressure cylinder 10 is in position X.
  • the pressure cylinder 10 is in a heat bath with the temperature Ti.
  • the temperature of the working gas is T 2 ⁇ i.
  • the external force F meCh hydrostatic column, the height of which does not change during the process acts on the piston, creating a balance of forces Working gas pressure forms (F t h) -
  • the walls of the pressure cylinder 10 are heat-permeable.
  • the pressure cylinder 10 is accommodated in a heat bath with the temperature T 2 .
  • the working gas has the temperature Ti.
  • the applied force F mech shifts (hydrostatic column) the piston from Y to X.
  • the mechanical force F mech performs work on Ar ⁇ beitsgas adäguate and a quantity of heat is dissipated via the temperature gradient .DELTA.T 2 to the environment.
  • a state of equilibrium occurs again.
  • the working gas temperature is identical to the ambient temperature T. The system becomes static again and the movement of the piston ends.
  • the working gas is initially at the process starting point 1.
  • the working gas pressure ⁇ with the working gas temperature Ti forms a balance of forces with the external mechanical force -F mech .
  • the working gas expands isothermally from point 1 to point 2. Such a process is not technically possible because an entropy gap must be kept open.
  • a refrigerant is mechanically liquefied in a heat pump 11. This refrigerant has to evaporate again in a cycle. This process is also used in the cold steam power plant for energy reproduction. A hydrostatic pressure regulates the vapor pressure of the refrigerant. The necessary for the evaporation process of the refrigerant almost unlimited heat is available in the form of ambient heat.
  • the system has valves 14 to 18, which are initially closed.
  • the pressure vessel 12 is connected to the heat pump 11 via two transport lines 19 for supply and return.
  • high tanks 20, 21 coupled to the risers 13 and arranged at different heights and the pressure tank 12 are built relatively flat.
  • the vapor pressure of the refrigerant is above 5 bar at ambient temperature (approx. 280 K).
  • the refrigerant is compressed and liquefied by the heat pump 11.
  • the density of the liquefied refrigerant is lower than the density of water and the refrigerant is chemically neutral to water.
  • the valves 16, 18 are opened so that the refrigerant passes from the heat pump 11 via the one feed line 19 to the pressure vessel 12, which is now connected to the upper elevated tank 20 via the one riser line 13.
  • the feed line 19 is fed in and the valve 18 inserted in the feed line 19 is closed, the refrigerant begins to evaporate and displaces a corresponding volume of water to the elevated tank 20
  • Evaporation process ends when the gas pressure of the refrigerant and the hydrostatic pressure of the water column has reached a stable equilibrium.
  • the potential energy of the water obtained in the elevated tank 20 corresponds to the amount of heat absorbed and is higher than the mechanical work involved.
  • the system presented is mainly used for simple reasoning. An absolute energy yield is not considered here.
  • the process control for using the environmental heat ends prematurely here.
  • the valve 15 to the lower elevated tank 21 is closed and the valve 17 inserted into the feed line 19 designed as a return is opened.
  • the working gas, ie the refrigerant is supplied to the heat pump 11 for compression due to the prevailing excess pressure via the feed line 19.
  • valve 1 opens.
  • the denser water pushes the remaining refrigerant via the feed line 19 to the heat pump 11 and at the same time fills the pressure vessel 12.
  • the refrigerant circuit is closed.
  • the potential energy of the water obtained from the process is converted into electrical energy by means of a water turbine 22 if required.
  • a power plant 23 for generating electrical energy, the power plant 23 being able to be designed, for example, as a thermal, wind or photovoltaic power plant, which is connected via electric lines 24 to compressors 25 for compressing gas (air) as well as a water turbine 22 is connected to generate electricity.
  • the power plant 23 Electricity for driving the compressors 25 is supplied.
  • the compression work is converted into heat and given off for heating purposes.
  • the compressed air reservoir 27 is connected via a control valve 28 to the pressure tank 12 filled with water.
  • the pressure vessel 12 is coupled to a water reservoir 31 via a feed line 29 and a return line 30. There is a height difference ⁇ h between the water surface in the water reservoir 31 and the lower edge of the pressure vessel 12.
  • shut-off valves 32, 33 inserted into the feed line 29 and the return line 30 are closed.
  • the gas acts on the water inside the pressure vessel 12 due to its expansion, so that the hydrostatic pressure ( ⁇ h) inside the pressure vessel 12 rises to the gas pressure p.
  • the shut-off valve 32 inserted into the feed line 29 opens, the water flows from the pressure vessel 12 with the pressure into the water turbine 22, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the gas expands from ⁇ p to ⁇ h, absorbing ambient heat.
  • the heat exchange between the water and the gas is influenced by appropriately dimensioning the flow line 29 or adjusting the flow rate by appropriately adjusting the control valve 28 or shut-off valve 32 or by inserting a control valve into the flow line.
  • the water turbine 22 supplies the electrical energy obtained from the mechanical work via the electrical lines 24 to the power plant 23 or end user.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conversion d'énergie d'après un cycle thermodynamique fermé, notamment le principe de carnot, à l'aide d'un gaz de travail auquel on ajoute de la chaleur pour accomplir le travail. La température du gaz de travail est commandée par une contre-pression mécanique qui agit sur le gaz de travail et est proportionnelle et inverse à la pression du gaz de travail.
PCT/DE2003/002628 2002-08-10 2003-08-06 Procede de conversion d'energie et dispositif correspondant WO2004020793A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03790678A EP1527257A1 (fr) 2002-08-10 2003-08-06 Procede de conversion d'energie et dispositif correspondant
AU2003260255A AU2003260255A1 (en) 2002-08-10 2003-08-06 Energy conversion method and corresponding device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10236749.3 2002-08-10
DE2002136749 DE10236749A1 (de) 2002-08-10 2002-08-10 Verfahren zur Energieumwandlung und Vorrichtung dazu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004020793A1 true WO2004020793A1 (fr) 2004-03-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2003/002628 WO2004020793A1 (fr) 2002-08-10 2003-08-06 Procede de conversion d'energie et dispositif correspondant

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EP (1) EP1527257A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003260255A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10236749A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004020793A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013112196A1 (de) 2013-02-18 2014-01-23 Ed. Züblin Ag Angenähert isotherm arbeitendes Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk mit Möglichkeit zum teiladiabatischen Betrieb bei hohem Leistungsbedarf
US9322301B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2016-04-26 Robert Thiessen Method of externally modifying a Carnot engine cycle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBZ20070049A1 (it) * 2007-11-23 2009-05-24 Walu Tec Di Christoph Schwienb Apparecchiatura per il recupero di energia da macchine motorici

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938335A (en) * 1973-07-30 1976-02-17 Marwick Edward F Heat engines
FR2326596A1 (fr) * 1975-10-01 1977-04-29 Piechocki Kurt Moteur thermo-cyclo-moleculaire fonctionnant a l'energie thermique de la temperature ambiante
DE2649136A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-11 Wolf Klemm Antrieb, der mit in stroemungsmitteln gespeicherter energie betrieben wird
DE19826219A1 (de) * 1998-06-09 1998-11-05 Manfred Langer Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie
DE19909611C1 (de) * 1999-03-05 2000-04-06 Gerhard Stock Gasausdehnungselement für eine Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in motorische Energie, insbesondere für einen Warmwassermotor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938335A (en) * 1973-07-30 1976-02-17 Marwick Edward F Heat engines
FR2326596A1 (fr) * 1975-10-01 1977-04-29 Piechocki Kurt Moteur thermo-cyclo-moleculaire fonctionnant a l'energie thermique de la temperature ambiante
DE2649136A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-11 Wolf Klemm Antrieb, der mit in stroemungsmitteln gespeicherter energie betrieben wird
DE19826219A1 (de) * 1998-06-09 1998-11-05 Manfred Langer Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung mechanischer Energie
DE19909611C1 (de) * 1999-03-05 2000-04-06 Gerhard Stock Gasausdehnungselement für eine Anordnung zum Umwandeln von thermischer in motorische Energie, insbesondere für einen Warmwassermotor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9322301B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2016-04-26 Robert Thiessen Method of externally modifying a Carnot engine cycle
DE102013112196A1 (de) 2013-02-18 2014-01-23 Ed. Züblin Ag Angenähert isotherm arbeitendes Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk mit Möglichkeit zum teiladiabatischen Betrieb bei hohem Leistungsbedarf
WO2014124637A2 (fr) 2013-02-18 2014-08-21 Ed. Züblin Ag Centrale d'accumulation de gaz comprimé fonctionnant de manière presque isotherme avec possibilité d'un fonctionnement partiellement adiabatique en cas de besoins élevés de puissance

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Publication number Publication date
AU2003260255A1 (en) 2004-03-19
EP1527257A1 (fr) 2005-05-04
DE10236749A1 (de) 2004-02-19

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