EP2078140A2 - Procédé et dispositif d'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant

Info

Publication number
EP2078140A2
EP2078140A2 EP07785679A EP07785679A EP2078140A2 EP 2078140 A2 EP2078140 A2 EP 2078140A2 EP 07785679 A EP07785679 A EP 07785679A EP 07785679 A EP07785679 A EP 07785679A EP 2078140 A2 EP2078140 A2 EP 2078140A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
carbon dioxide
source
pressure
condensation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07785679A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Westmeier
Daniel Nestke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technikum Corp
Original Assignee
Technikum Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technikum Corp filed Critical Technikum Corp
Publication of EP2078140A2 publication Critical patent/EP2078140A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the additional use of low temperature heat for power generation using supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid.
  • OCR Organic Rankine Cycle
  • heat is extracted from the process medium via a heat exchanger and used to generate steam.
  • a generator is driven.
  • the relaxed steam is usually used for preheating and then condensed.
  • the heat of condensation is released to the environment.
  • the efficiency is determined by the condensation temperature (ambient temperature) and the achievable evaporation temperature of about 300 K to 625 K.
  • the heat transfer is usually via a silicone oil circuit.
  • a modified version of the small power OCR method is also known as the edc method.
  • the edc process works with condensation temperatures from about 248 K to 350 K and uses specially adapted turbines.
  • the achievable efficiency of an ORC system is at a temperature level of 100 0 C about 6.5% and at a temperature level of 200 0 C about 13-14.
  • Carbon dioxide proposed at the triple point the solid-liquid mixture is produced by means of a chiller at oversupply and then serves in operation as a peak power plant to make the liquefaction of carbon dioxide.
  • load changes in the electrical network for example in the day-night rhythm can be compensated.
  • the actual working group also works with carbon dioxide. Data on achieved efficiencies are not indicated.
  • a disadvantage of this method is the relatively high required minimum temperature of over 200 0 C in the case of low-temperature heat and, in energy terms, the relatively low working pressure. Thus, in our experience, no high levels of efficiency in the production of electric energy can be achieved.
  • Also working with carbon dioxide as a working fluid is a process for
  • Geothermal utilization which is known from the patent US 3,875,749. This method operates only in the fluid area and in the gas area, the carbon dioxide is used as a working medium, absorbs heat in an underground storage in the compressed state and is then released via a turbine to perform work. Thereafter, a new compression takes place in the fluid area.
  • a disadvantage of the method described are the structurally very elaborate design of the underground heat exchanger and the risk of fatigue of the geothermal potential in the vicinity of the cavern by cooling.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method and a plant for the application of the method, their efficiencies higher than in known - A -
  • thermodynamically available state region is limited by the triple point of carbon dioxide at about 217 K, corresponding to a pressure of about 0.55 MPa.
  • thermodynamic limits At the top there are no thermodynamic limits in terms of pressure or temperature.
  • other types of limitations are given for practical and material-technical reasons.
  • An additional advantage of the use of carbon dioxide over the OCR process results from the fact that the use of additional heat exchanger is omitted because the heat transfer medium is guided in the closed circuit, while it serves as a working medium in the same cycle. Further advantages of the selected heat carrier and working medium are given by the relatively low risk potential for humans and the environment, the relatively high availability. In addition, the possibility of storing large amounts of carbon dioxide and its meaningful use as a working medium atmosphere and climate relieved. Additional economic benefits are derived from the profits from the carbon trading trade, taking into account these savings potentials. This results in significant advantages over the ORC process and the Kalina process. Further advantages result from higher efficiencies and the problem-free combination of the method with other heating or cooling potentials, which make it possible to further increase the achievable efficiencies. This is achieved in particular by using near-surface earth cold potentials, as well as by the use of cooling potentials, the process-related in other ways
  • Relaxation processes especially in the relaxation of natural gas by lowering the temperature, and provide the necessary cooling energy to liquefy the carbon dioxide in the desired temperature range below 283 K.
  • the method is advantageously used as a combination of a natural gas power plant with naturally occurring heat and cooling potentials and thus allows, in addition to the intermediate storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide, also easily both a discontinuous operation and highly changing driving styles without significant start-up and adaptation times.
  • the construction of a memory for the carbon dioxide used for heat transfer is created, with the side effect that larger amounts of the resulting carbon dioxide during combustion can be stored in an environmentally friendly and sensible use.
  • the deposition of carbon dioxide is carried out by initial compression of purified power plant exhaust gases and their drying and cooling, which in piping systems in shallow strata at 281 to 283 K and pressures liquid carbon dioxide forming above 5 MPa is collected and passed into underground caverns. When exceeding this pressure mark in the cavern, the liquid carbon dioxide must be further compressed to build up the pressure accumulator until the desired final pressure is reached. Conveniently, the structure of the carbon dioxide storage takes place in the winter months, in which case air coolers can be used on the earth's surface, when at the operating pressure of 5 MPa, the outside temperature falls below 283 K.
  • Buffer 6 a pressure vessel is used.
  • the specified examples were calculated using the EBSILON Professional program.
  • the use of the now enlarged temperature range with the possible lower turbine outlet pressure leads directly to an efficiency improvement of about 1, 3%. This result is particularly interesting for areas with lower outdoor temperatures throughout the year, both in terms of geothermal energy use and in the use of low-temperature heat from power plants. In the process and the assumed process conditions is expected only with relatively low efficiencies. Nevertheless, they are at least 2% higher than comparable methods.
  • heat source 1 waste heat in the specified temperature levels and should be energetically utilized.
  • the fluid carbon dioxide is withdrawn from a substrate store designed as a buffer 6 with the temperatures given in the table and a pressure of 15 MPa and heated in the cogeneration plant to the temperatures also indicated.
  • the carbon dioxide is expanded via an expansion engine 2 to 4.5 MPa and drives the generator 3 at.
  • the relaxation takes place in a below 4.5 MPa near-surface pipe network as a cold source 4 with an ambient temperature of 281 K. Because of the relatively long residence time and the surrounding earth potential liquefaction takes place at these temperatures.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide is passed via an insulated line 9 to a liquid pump 5, also referred to as a liquid compressor, and here compressed to the pressure 15 MPa and stored in a buffer 6.
  • the compaction power is less than a third of the energy gained.
  • the net efficiency of the process is 12.5%. If, in addition or independently of this, a lower temperature potential is available, for example from natural gas expansion, efficiencies of up to 25% can be achieved at the indicated temperature of 373 K, depending on the available cooling capacity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation auxiliaire de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant en utilisant du dioxyde de carbone surcritique comme fluide de travail. Elle concerne un procédé et une installation d'application du procédé qui permettent d'obtenir un meilleur rendement qu'avec les procédés connus et dont la plage de travail comprend une bande de température plus large et une largeur normale telle qu'elle permet de garantir des modes de conduite en été et en hiver sans modifications de construction en même temps qu'une conception de construction simple, sans augmenter les menaces environnementales grâce à une consommation de matériaux comparativement réduite. Cela permet également de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Le procédé consiste à extraire de la chaleur à basse température d'une source de chaleur (1) disponible, du dioxyde de carbone à une pression surcritique élevée servant de caloporteur, puis à effectuer une détente active au moyen d'une machine d'expansion (2) couplée à un générateur (3), ce qui fait refroidir le caloporteur, puis à liquéfier au moyen d'une source de froid (4) et à comprimer de nouveau à la pression de travail sous forme liquide.
EP07785679A 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Procédé et dispositif d'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant Withdrawn EP2078140A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006035272A DE102006035272B4 (de) 2006-07-31 2006-07-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung von Niedertemperaturwärme zur Stromerzeugung
PCT/DE2007/001351 WO2008014774A2 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Procédé et dispositif d'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2078140A2 true EP2078140A2 (fr) 2009-07-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07785679A Withdrawn EP2078140A2 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-31 Procédé et dispositif d'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la production de courant

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20090266075A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2078140A2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20090035735A (fr)
AU (1) AU2007280834A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2662463A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006035272B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2009106716A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008014774A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20090035735A (ko) 2009-04-10
WO2008014774A3 (fr) 2009-08-20
DE102006035272B4 (de) 2008-04-10
AU2007280834A1 (en) 2008-02-07
CA2662463A1 (fr) 2008-02-07
RU2009106716A (ru) 2010-09-10
WO2008014774A2 (fr) 2008-02-07
US20090266075A1 (en) 2009-10-29
DE102006035272A1 (de) 2008-02-07

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