WO2004014433A1 - Ampa型グルタミン酸受容体サブユニットの発現による脳腫瘍細胞の増殖と浸潤の抑制 - Google Patents
Ampa型グルタミン酸受容体サブユニットの発現による脳腫瘍細胞の増殖と浸潤の抑制 Download PDFInfo
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- 108700026220 vif Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002689 xenotransplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70571—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for neuromediators, e.g. serotonin receptor, dopamine receptor
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- A01K2267/0331—Animal model for proliferative diseases
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- C12N2799/022—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid where the vector is derived from an adenovirus
Definitions
- the present invention provides a developing animal brain tumor cells, C a 2 + a method of inhibiting the invasion of brain tumor cell proliferation by controlling the permeability, in particular, C a 2 by AMPA type Darutamin acid receptor Sabuyuni' preparative +
- Dartamic acid is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of higher animals, and the dartamic acid receptor, dartamic acid receptor, plays a central role in excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.
- glutamate receptors are known to be involved in synaptic plasticity, which is considered to be the basis of memory and learning at the cellular level, and in developmental synaptic plasticity, that is, the formation of experience-dependent neural networks. ing. It has also been implicated in neuronal cell death under pathological conditions such as ischemia.
- the dartamic acid receptor is indirectly coupled with the G protein and an ion channel type dartamic acid receptor that incorporates an ion channel and is responsible for fast synaptic transmission. It is roughly divided into metabotropic dartamic acid receptors.
- the ion channel type Dalbumate receptor is a receptor-ion channel complex that opens its own cation channel by binding glutamate, and allows rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CN S) of higher animals. I carry it.
- the ion channel type receptor is categorized as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) due to its reactivity to specific agonists and antagonists and the electrophysiological properties of the built-in ion channel.
- NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
- Non-NMDA receptor for kainic acid AMPA ( ⁇ -Amino_ 3—Hydroxy-5 —Methyl _4 monoisoxazole propionic acid: Hydroxy-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl_4-isoxazole propionic acid) It is classified into subtypes of kainate receptor and AM PA receptor due to the difference in susceptibility. When an agonist is bound, Na + and K + are passed.
- AM PA-type glutamate receptors mediate rapid neurotransmission at almost all excitatory synapses in the central nervous system (CN S) (Trends Neurosci., 16, 359-365, 1993). Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 17, 31-108, 1994, Prog. Neurobiol., 54, 581-618, 1998). Previously, it was thought that the receptor exists only in nerve cells, but recently it has been found that it is also expressed in most glial cells (Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 21, 252). -258, 2000).
- AMP ⁇ receptor is known to be composed of subunits selected from four proteins, GluRl to GluR4. Then, C a 2 + permeability of AMPAR is determined by the composition of the Sabuyuni' Bok.
- Receptors with G 1 u R 2 subunits are almost transparent to C a 2+ . Receptors that are not transient but do not have G 1 u R 2 exhibit high Ca 2 + permeability. Abundance of G 1 u R 2 subunit reduces Ca 2+ permeability (Trends Neurosci., 16, 359-365, 1993; A, Rev. Neurosci., 17, 31-108, 1994 Prog. Neurobiol., 54, 581-618, 1998). This unique property of G 1 u R 2 is attributed to one amino acid residue in the second hydrophobic region (M 2). This amino acid residue is arginine (R) in Glu R 2, but glutamine (Q) occupies the corresponding site in other subunits. When arginine at this important site (QZR site) is replaced with dartamine, homologous receptors assembled from mutated GluR 2 (Q) show high Ca 2 + permeability.
- glutamate receptors function as neurotransmitter receptors, so far mainly focusing on mental illness, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (AL S), and memory / learning.
- a S amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Research has been actively conducted and various knowledge and therapeutic drugs have been developed.
- identify genes involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke or epilepsy Method for, and having a neurodegenerative disease Therapeutic drugs for treating animals have been developed.
- glioblastoma oligodendroglioma meningioma is well known as a brain tumor, especially glioblastoma is the central nervous system (CN) S) is the most common and most malignant tumor, which is known for its high migration and invasiveness (Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous Systems, 29-). 39, 2000 (IARC press, Lyon, France)) 0 Migratory cells show preferential movement along dense myelinated pathways and spread extensively throughout CNS (Neurol. Med. Chir. , 34, 91-94, 1994, Neurol. Med. Chir., 33, 425-428, 1993, Neuropathology, 17, 186-188, 1997). .
- Glioblastoma cells respond to various external stimuli such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and growth factors (Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 21, 252-258, 2000). Through activation of the surface receptor, it can be controlled at least in part. In recent years, glutamate receptors have been reported to be expressed not only in neural progenitor cells but also in gliomas (J.
- the object of the present invention is to suppress the growth and invasion of brain tumor cells by controlling Ca 2+ permeability in brain tumor cells that develop in animals.
- the present inventor analyzed the role of calcium permeable AM PA receptor in Daria cells using an established brain cell culture system, and obtained a G 1 u R 2 (Q) gene having strong calcium permeability. Forcible expression promotes cell protrusion formation, and conversely, introduction of the calcium impermeable G 1 u R 2 (G 1 u R 2 (R)) gene results in process regression and cell flattening.
- AMPAR AMP A receptor
- Glu R 2 Q
- Spindle cells with forced expression of genes are morphologically related to daloma cells that migrate while overlaying in culture flasks and tumor cells that run in white matter myelin fibers often found in isolated specimens.
- Calcium-permeable AM PAR is infiltrated by tumor cells due to similarities
- (1) G1uR1 and G1uR4 subunits were found to be associated with human glioblastoma cells.
- the G 1 u R 2 (G 1 u R 2 (R)) gene is expressed in the glioblastoma cell, and is expressed as C a 2 + permeable AMP AR. And converting these endogenous C a 2 + permeable AM PARs to C a 2 + non-permeable AM PARs inhibits migration and induces apoptosis in tumor cells, and (3) On the other hand, when Ca 2 + permeable AMP AR was overexpressed, it was found that not only the proliferation of tumor cells but also the migration was increased, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention in brain tumor cells that develop in animals, It consists of inhibiting the growth and invasion of brain tumor cells by controlling the Ca 2+ permeability by the dartamic acid receptor subunit. Control of Ca 2+ permeability by glutamate receptor subunits can be achieved by introducing the gene for AM PA-type glutamate receptor subunits G 1 u R 2 into brain tumor cells. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for measuring the proliferation / invasion activity of brain tumor cells by detecting and measuring the expression of glutamate receptor subunits in brain tumor cells that develop in animals. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to a method for inhibiting proliferation and invasion of brain tumor cells by controlling Ca 2+ permeability by AM PA-type dartamic acid receptor subunits expressed in brain tumor cells that develop in animals (claims). 1) and the control of the C a 2 + permeability by glutamate receptor Sabuyuni' bets, in developing animal brain tumor cells, by introducing a gene of AMP a-type glutamate receptor subunit G 1 u R 2, it is expressed
- brain tumor cells It consists of a glioblastoma cell, It comprises the method (claim 6) for suppressing the growth and invasion of brain tumor cells according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
- the present invention also provides a gene expression vector for treating brain tumors, characterized in that the gene for AMP A type dalbutamate receptor subunit G 1 u R 2 is incorporated into a gene transfer / expression vector for brain tumor cells (
- the gene expression vector for brain tumor treatment according to claim 7 (claim 8), the expression vector according to claim 7), or the expression vector according to claim 7 or claim 8, It comprises a gene introduction kit for treating brain tumors characterized by setting a gene expression vector for treating brain tumors (claim 9).
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring proliferation / invasion activity of brain tumor cells, characterized by detecting and measuring the expression of AMP A type glutamate receptor subunits in brain tumor cells that develop in animals (claim 10). Or the detection and measurement of the expression of glutamate receptor subunits is the detection of AMP A type dalbutamate receptor subunits ⁇ G 1 u R 2 ′ measurement according to claim 10, It comprises a method for measuring proliferation / invasion activity of brain tumor cells (Claim 11).
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the expression of an AMP A receptor in human glioblastoma cells in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing changes in [C a 2+ ] i induced by AMP A in cultured tumor cells in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the action of the expression of AMP A receptor subunit mediated by adenovirus in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of G lu R 2 and G lu R 2 (Q) expression on cell migration in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the effect of Glu R 2 expression on tumor transplantation in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of manipulation of AMP A receptor on tumor growth in the present invention.
- the present invention provides a developing animal brain tumor cells, by controlling the C a 2 + permeability by glutamate receptor Sabuyunitto expressed, consists in inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of brain tumor cells.
- brain tumor cells that develop in animals include glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma meningioma, and the like.
- the gene for the AMP A-type dartamic acid receptor subunit G 1 u R 2 is introduced and expressed in brain tumor cells that develop in animals. Can be performed.
- the gene for the AMP A-type dartamic acid receptor subunit G 1 u R 2 can be used as the gene for the AMP A-type dartamic acid receptor subunit G 1 u R 2. It is known (Science 249, 1580-1585, 1990), and the base sequence of the gene can be searched as an accession 'number: M 3 8 0 6 1 based on the Gen Bank data base. it can.
- an adenovirus expression vector can be used.
- One such adenovirus expression vector is the adenovirus vector used for transient expression (Science, 259, 988-990, 1993). I can get lost.
- Adenoviral vectors have extremely high affinity for central nervous system (CNS) glial cells and, when injected into the cerebellar cortex, selectively express the G 1 u R 2 gene in Bergmann glia. It is possible to make it.
- a gene transfer vector Nucl.
- the gene for AMP A type dalbutamate receptor subunit G 1 u R 2 is incorporated into a gene expression vector such as the adenovirus vector, and used as a gene transfer kit for treating brain tumors. Prepared and can be used to treat brain tumors.
- the proliferation / invasion activity of brain tumor cells can be measured by detecting and measuring the expression of glutamate receptor subunits in brain tumor cells that develop in animals. It is possible.
- brain tumors such as glioblastoma in the central nervous system (CNS)
- a subunit consisting of four proteins G 1 u R 1 to 4 is expressed, and the composition of the expressed subunits Determines the Ca 2 + permeability and impermeability of cells.
- the proliferation and invasion activity of brain tumor cells differs depending on the Ca 2+ permeability and non-permeability of these cells.
- the cells become C a 2+ permeable and promote growth and invasion of brain tumor cells, and when subunit G1uR2 is expressed, Becomes Ca 2 + impermeable and suppresses the growth and invasion of brain tumor cells. Therefore, by detecting and measuring the dartamic acid receptor subunit expressed in the brain tumor cells, the proliferation / invasion activity of the brain tumor cells can be measured.
- known detection and measurement means can be used as appropriate.
- a probe for detecting the gene of each subunit can be used.
- an antibody that specifically binds to a glutamate receptor subunit either a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody can be used, and the antibody can be prepared by a conventional method.
- a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody can be used, and the antibody can be prepared by a conventional method.
- Fig. 1a shows a typical histological structure of a glioblastoma surgical sample with invasive tumor cells. A signal hybridized with an antisense lipoprobe of GlRl was detected in undifferentiated cells that migrated and proliferated (Fig. 1b). In serial sections, expression of G1uR1 protein immunostained with affinity-purified G1uR1 antibody was detected in tumor cells (Fig. 1c).
- the present inventors selected GluR1, G1u2GluR2Z3, and G1uR4 antibodies for immunohistochemical staining.
- Figures Id to g show an example of serial sections of an original surgical sample treated with antibodies against GluRl, GluR2, and GluR4.
- migrating glioblastoma cells accumulated extensively under the pial membrane of the cerebral cortex.
- These cells expressed both GIuRl and GIuR4, but very little G1uR2 was expressed (Fig. 1, d, e, f and g).
- adjacent brain tissue Fig. 1, h, i, j and k
- invasive undifferentiated tumor cells expressed G 1 u R 1 and G 1 u R 4 (Fig. 1, i and k).
- normal neurons expressed large amounts of G 1 u R 2 (Fig. 1!).
- the spindle-shaped tumor cells infiltrating the white matter expressed vimentin and G 1 u R 1, which are markers of immature astrocytes, but the expression of G lu R 2 was negligible. It was.
- the present inventor prepared primary cultured cells of glioblastoma cells from surgical samples and examined the expression of AMP AR subunits (Table 1). In these cultured cells, the majority of cells showed GFAP immunoreactivity. This indicates that they are derived from glial cells and are neuron proteins (NFPs) (Nature, 298, 277-279, 1982, Acta Neuropathol., 64, 30-36, 1984), and Ki 1 M 1 P, a marker of microglia (Pathol. Int., 46, 15-23, 1996). As can be seen, it is not contaminated by neurons or microglia.
- NFPs neuron proteins
- Ki 1 M 1 P a marker of microglia
- glioblastoma cell lines from surgical samples. Three of them expressed GluRl and GluR4, GluRl and GluR3, GluR3 and GluR4, respectively.
- One cell line did not express any AM PAR subunits.
- FIG. 1 r shows representative results obtained from primary culture of tumor cells. In this case, the expression of all GluRl-4 mRNA has been detected.
- the present inventors produced two recombinant adenoviruses.
- One is a recombinant adenovirus (Ax CANC re) for expression of C re recombinase, the other is CAG promoter, evening pair of 1 o X p sequences, stuffer gene and G 1 u R
- It is a recombinant adenovirus (Ax CAL NLG 1 u R 2) for expression of G 1 u R 2 that consists of 2 cDNA and has a switching device for controlling the expression of G 1 u R 2 by Cre.
- Ax CAGFP green fluorescent protein
- FIG. 3a cultured cells expressing the G 1 uR 1 protein (FIG. 3b) were infected with Ax CAG F P. In most cells expressing G 1 u R 1, fluorescence of GFP was detected 2 days after infection (Fig. 3c).
- a x CAN Cre Ax CAL NL G 1 u R 2
- Ax CAG FP green fluorescent protein
- the present inventors significantly changed the morphology of cells expressing G 1 u R. (Fig. 3, d, e and f).
- the cell body gradually swelled and flattened, and the cytoplasmic protrusions retracted within 4 days after virus infection. These characteristic changes were never seen when cells were infected with AXC ALNL Glu R 2 and / or A x CAGFP, where G 1 u R 2 expression was not induced. It was.
- Fig.3g G1uR2 (R) -expressing cells as opposed to control cells in Fig.3g
- the cells showed signs of apoptosis, such as the appearance of bubble processes in the nucleus and the formation of apoptotic bodies (Fig. 3 i).
- T d T terminal deoxynucleotide transferase
- TUN EL terminal deoxynucleotide transferase
- G 1 u R 2 (Q) cDNA introduced to overexpress C a 2 + permeable AMP AR is K i — 6 7
- the apoptosis index and Ki 1 6 7 The staining indices were 5.3 soil 2.3% and 26.3 ⁇ 4.5%, respectively. There was no significant change in these two indices between cells expressing GluR2 (Q) and cells overexpressing G1uR1.
- the inventor investigated whether G 1 u R 2 (R) expression affects glioblastoma migration and proliferation in vivo (FIG. 5).
- the present inventor firstly transferred human 2 x 10 5 C GNH-889 cells labeled with GFP using Ax C AGF P under the cerebral cortex of a nude mouse.
- a mouse model of glioblastoma was used. These transplanted cells form cell aggregates that infiltrate the myelinated pathway of the corpus callosum, as seen in human surgical samples, and are extensively spread throughout the brain in all 15 nude mice studied. It was spreading.
- nude mouse xenografts The histology of nude mouse xenografts is characterized by the characteristics of human glioblastoma, ie, polymorphism (Fig. 5a), necrosis with pseudopalisading (Fig. 5b), and Microvascular proliferation (Fig. 5c) was shown.
- Figure 5 b is formed in the subcortical in AXCAGFP and AX CALNL G 1 9 days after the UR 2 implantation of 2 X 1 0 5 cells infected in order to express the GFP only, the tumor cell clusters Show.
- Such tumor cells whose cell nuclei were stained with PI, were dense and GFP was detected in the cells at the site of inoculation (Fig. 5e).
- in order to express both GluR2 and GFP infecting AxCALGNLGluR2 and AxCANCre together with AxCAGFP, inoculating the same number of cells No solid tumor cell aggregates were formed in any of the 13 nude mice tested ( Figure 5: f). As judged from the nuclear morphology after PI staining, the tumor cells stopped growing and apoptosis began (Fig. 5g).
- C GNH— 8 9 For growth of tumors made by transplanting cells into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice.
- migrating cells in the myelinated pathway have a spindle-like or bipolar morphology, and G 1 u R 1 and Z or G 1 u R 4 proteins It was abundantly expressed.
- Migrating cells located in the periphery of transplants derived from such surgical samples often have long cell processes. It showed a fusiform spindle shape and expressed G 1 u R 1.
- C a 2+ transparently resistance AMP AR is overexpressed by G 1 u introduction of R 1 or G 1 u R 2 (Q) via Adenowi Angeles, migration and has a spindle-shaped morphology with long cellular protrusion The number of cells increased.
- N- methyl -D- Asupara Gin acid (NMD A) C a 2 receptor-mediated + C a 2+ supplied by the influx of C 2+ activates C a 2+ / calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (C a M-KK), which in turn is a serine / threonine kinase, A kt (protein kinase It was clearly shown that B) was phosphorylated. Akt activation is known to release various anti-apoptotic signals, thereby promoting cell survival (Nature, 396, 584-587, 1998).
- the endogenous agonist of AM P AR is glutamic acid.
- Culture medium in this experiment was supplemented with urchin fetal serum (FCS) and up to 100 M glutamate.
- FCS urchin fetal serum
- the presence of glutamate was essential not only for the growth of tumor cells but also for maintaining the spindle-like morphology.
- F'C S urchin fetal serum
- NMD A and AM PA receptor antagonists have been shown to inhibit the growth and migration of various types of tumor cells, including glioma cells and neuroblastoma cells (Nature Med., 7, 1010-1015, 200K Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 6372-6377, 2001).
- a 2 + permeable AM P AR plays an important role in promoting migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells, and Glu R 2 expression or blocking of C a 2 + permeability AMP AR by YM 8 7 2 was shown to effectively inhibit the tumor growth.
- Ca 2+ -permeable glutamate receptors are considered targets for brain tumor therapy.
- the histology of 16 surgical samples examined in this experiment was diagnosed as glioblastoma multiforme according to the WHO classification.
- Cell cultures were prepared as described in the literature (Acta Neuropathol., 94, 425-435, 1997, J. Neurosci. Res., 51, 526-535, 1998).
- C GNH-89 was highly carcinogenic and was used for xenotransplantation into nude mice.
- Cells were cultured in Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% FCS and 2 m 2 glutamine.
- the present inventors prepared the following recombinant adenovirus (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 1320-1324, 1996, Nucl. Acids Res., 23, 3816-3821, 1995).
- Ax CAL NL G 1 u R l, Ax CAL NL G 1 u R 2 and A x CAL NL G lu R 2 (Q): Rat G lu R l, G lu R 2 respectively And G lu R 2 (Q) expression switch unit, CAG promoter, 1 ox P sequence, stuffer gene (neo-resistant gene), poly (A) signal, second 1 o XP Site, G 1 u R 1, G 1 u R 2 or G lu R 2 (Q) coding sequence, and another poly (A) signal (Mol. Brain Res., 65, 176-185) , 1999).
- Rat G 1 u R 1 and G 1 u R 2 cDNA were provided by Dr. S. Heineraann and M. Hollmann.
- Recombinant adenovirus for expressing Ax CAN Cre and AxCAGF P Cre recombinase and EGF P (Clontech), respectively. Two to five days before the experiment, cells were infected with each recombinant adenovirus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5.
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- the bound body was visualized using a secondary antibody (Molecular Probe) labeled with FITC, Mouth Damine, and Alexa 594.
- the stained cells were observed with a confocal laser microscope (MRC-1024E, manufactured by Bio-Rad). In situ hybridization was performed in the same manner as described by Kondo et al. (J. Neurosci., 17, 1570-1581, 1997).
- RNA partial sample prepared from sample 10 O ng random hexamer A primer (sense primer: 5'-C CTTTGGC) that was reverse-transcribed using Roche Diagnoteix and amplified simultaneously from GluRl to GluR4 (Neuron, 12, 383-388, 1994) CTAT GAGAT C TGGATGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1), Antisense Primer: 5'-TC GTA CCACC ATT T GTTTTT CA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2))
- the PCR cycle was repeated 35 times under the conditions of denaturing for 0 seconds, annealing for 20 seconds at 50 ° C., and extending for 20 seconds at 72 ° C.
- G 1 u R 1 (1 7 1 2 to 1 7 3 3rd nucleotide sequence: 5'-A AG AGGGACG AG ACC AG ACAAC— 3 '(position 1 which is the first nucleotide of the coding sequence; SEQ ID NO: 3)
- G 1 u R 2 (1 7 3 2 to 1 7 5 5th nucleotide sequence: 5′-GAAGATGGAAGAGAA AC AC AAAGT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 4)
- G 1 u R 3 (1 74 9 to 1 7 7 1st nucleotide sequence: 5 '— GGAAGACAACAATGAAG AAC CT C — 3' (SEQ ID NO: 5)) force
- G 1 u R 4 (from 1 7 47 to 1 7 6 6th nucleotide sequence: 5 ' — GAAGGAC C CAGC GAC C AGC C— 3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 6)
- the common antisense primer used for the first amplification specifically amplify the sub
- a second PCR (35 cycles) was performed.
- the product of this second amplification (G lu R l is 6 37 bp, G 1 u R 2 is 6 3 8 bp, G lu R 3 is 6 5 7 bp, G lu R 4 is 6 2 6 bp) ,
- G lu R l is B gll, G lu R 2 is B spl 2 8 6 I, G 1 u R 3 is A va I, and G 1 u R 4 is P vu II
- the digestion was performed using typical restriction enzymes.
- TUN EL and cell growth For analysis of TUN EL and cell growth, cells were loaded at a density of 2 ⁇ 10 4 on a Lab-Tek 4-well glass slide filled with standard culture medium. Six hours after loading, the medium was replaced with one containing no glutamic acid, and the cells were infected with adenovirus. 48 hours after loading, glutamic acid ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) was added to the medium, and the cells were fixed 5 days after infection.
- TU NE L analysis was performed using In Situ Cell Death Detection kit (manufactured by MBL), and cell proliferation analysis was performed using anti-Ki 167 monoclonal antibody (manufactured by Dako) staining index. Migration analysis was performed in Transwell chamber (pore size (Corning Corstar Corp.).
- Cells were loaded in the upper chamber at a density of 5 ⁇ 10 4 dowels. 6 hours after loading. These cells were infected with recombinant adenovirus in a medium without glutamic acid supplemented with 10% dialyzed FCS 48 hours after infection, glutamic acid ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) was added to the medium. Cells were further cultured for 24 hours, and the number of cells that had migrated through the porous membrane was counted with a 20-fold microscope.
- Glu R 2 (R) and G 1 u R 2 (Q) by adenovirus on tumor growth was examined using YM 8 72, an AMP A-type dartamic acid receptor antagonist. Those that were not used and those that were not used were quantitatively evaluated in the subcutaneous tumor.
- the cell suspension (1 ⁇ 1 0 7/1 0 0 / ⁇ 1), were injected subcutaneously in Nu one nude mice flank of 5-6 weeks old (weighing 1 8 ⁇ 2 0 g).
- Adenovirus (1 X 10 7 PFU, diluted in total with IOOI PBS) was administered once into the tumor using a No. 27 needle 5 days after tumor inoculation.
- AXCALNLG 1 u R 2 without AXC AN Cre was administered for control.
- YM 87 2 provided by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company was dissolved in PBS. YM872 was injected intraperitoneally every day for 2 weeks at doses of 10 mg / kg, 50 mg / kg, and 10 OmgZkg (started one day after tumor inoculation). Observed in a dose-dependent manner. In this series of experiments, 1 O 2 Omg / kg YM 8 72 was used. As a control, PBS (100 ⁇ 1) was administered intraperitoneally. Tumor volume was calculated according to the formula (vertical X horizontal 2 ) / 2. At the end of each experiment, histological analysis of tumor tissue was performed.
- Data are expressed as averages s.e.m. Unpaired t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA s: Schef fe s test for post-hoc comparison) for statistical comparison.
- FIG. 1 Photograph showing AMP A receptor expressed in human glioblastoma cells a to c; Serial sections of original surgical specimen.
- HE hematoxylin-eosin
- b G 1 u R 1 mRNA detected by in situ hybridization (Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride, blue).
- c G 1 u R l immunofluorescence (rhodamine, red) image.
- d to g Serial sections of the original surgical specimen (GN S— 3 1 4 8). (1; shows accumulation of infiltrating tumor cells under the buffy coat (HE staining). 6; immunostaining using anti-O 1 1 1 ⁇ 1 antibody.
- F immunization using anti-G 1 u R 2 antibody.
- G immunostaining using anti-G 1 u R 4 antibody.
- h to k adjacent tissues of the same specimen as d to g. h: Infiltrating tumor cells in the cerebral cortex (HE staining).
- i, j, and k represents immunostaining using anti-G1uR1 antibody, anti-G1uR2 antibody, and anti-G1uR4 antibody, respectively.
- r to s RT with G 1 u R 1 to 4 specific primers in tumor cells (r) in the next culture and normal brain tissue (s) adjacent to the tumor cells before resection — PCR analysis results.
- the right and left 4 lanes are specific for each G lu R 1 to 4 DN A The electrophoresis of the PCR product before and after the fragmentation with restriction enzymes is shown.
- g to i Vimentin (g, FITC, green) and G1uR1 (h, oral damamine, red) double immunofluorescence method and image (i) combining them.
- the scale bar in f is ⁇ 2 0 111, and the scale bar in i is 100 m for a to c and g to i.
- C GNH—89 Cultured cells
- Ax CAGF P (m), Ax CAG FP, Ax CAL NL G 1 u R 2 and Ax C AN C re (n), and Ax CAGF P, A x C AL NLG 1 u R 2 (Q) And AxCANC re (o) infected U 87 7 MG cells. They were stained for G 1 u R 2 (rhodamine, red). A combined image of GFP and G 1 u R 2 immunofluorescence is shown. The scale bars in i are a to f and! For ⁇ o, 1 0 ⁇ rn, for g ⁇ i, 20 m.
- p ⁇ x represents the result of measurement of [C a 2+ ] j using fura-2 AM.
- a to c are diagrams showing the mobility of tumor cells examined using a Transuelni double chamber. It is a confocal microscope image of the cell in the lower chamber 1 under a porous membrane. Cells were stained with anti-G 1 u R 2 antibody (rhodamine, red) and anti-vimentin antibody (FITC, green).
- a Cells infected with Ax CAL NL G 1 u R 2 but not Ax C AN Cre. Some cells expressing vimentin migrated and passed through the porous membrane within 24 hours.
- b A cell infected with AxCANCre and AxCALNLNLuR2 in order to express G1uR2. Only after 4 hours, only fragmented cells were found in the lower chamber.
- c cells infected with AxCANCre and AxCALNLG1uR2 (Q) to express G1uR2 (Q). More tumor cells migrated than a and passed through the porous membrane within 24 hours.
- d to f represents the motility of tumor cells examined using clonindering.
- Cloning ring removal of cells infected with Ax CAL NL G lu R 2 only (d, control), G 1 u R 2 expressing cells (e), or G lu R 2 (Q) expressing cells (f) Shows the movement within 24 hours. Cells were stained with anti-vimentin antibody and anti-G 1 u R 2 antibody. The white line indicates the boundary due to the cloning ring.
- the scale bar in f is 50 m for a to c, For d to f, 1 m is shown.
- FIG. 5 Photographs showing the effect of GluR2 expression on tumor transplantation
- a to c The histopathology of tumors formed by transplanting cultured glioblastoma cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Such tumors are characterized by polymorphism (a), necrosis with pseudopalisading (b), and microvascular growth (c).
- v indicates tumor blood vessels (HE staining).
- d Tumor formation status on day 9 after transplantation of 2 x 10 5 cultured glioblastoma cells into the subcortical region of nude mice. In order to express GFP (green), AXCAGFP and AXCAL NL G 1 u R 2 were each infected with MO I 5 and stained with PI (red) two days before transplantation. e; It is an enlarged view of the box part of d.
- g Enlarged view of the box part of f. Note the apoptotic morphology of the nucleus caused by G 1 u R 2 expression.
- the scale bar in g is 50 m for a, e and g, 100 m for b, 7 5 ⁇ for c, 1 5 0 0 / zm for d, and l OOO ⁇ for f Indicates m.
- FIG. 6 Diagram showing the effect of AMP A receptor manipulation on tumor growth
- a Effects of various treatments on the growth rate of tumors implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice: PBS injection (YM Vehicle as control for use of 8 7 2 (V); expression of G 1 u R 2 (Q) (mouth); injection of A x CAL NL G 1 u R 2 without AXC AN C re ( A vector as a control for expressing G 1 u R 2 and G 1 u R 2 (Q), ( ⁇ ); Expression of G 1 u R 2 (Q) and use of YM 8 72 ( ⁇ ); Expression of G 1 u R 2 (Ind.); Use of YM 8 72 (Part); G lu R 2 Expression and use of YM 8 72 ( ⁇ ).
- b Represents the compartment of the tumor volume measured 22 days after inoculation. For each treatment, 1 raw data from 2 animals was allocated. * Indicates significant difference at p ⁇ 0.001 with respect to control (either vehicle or vector).
- c ⁇ ; f represents the tissue structure of tumor tissue treated with vehicle (c) and YM872 (d), and tumor tissue (e, f) delivered with the G1uR2 gene.
- c, d and e HE staining.
- f immunostaining using anti-G 1 u R 2 antibody.
- i HE staining of tumor tissue expressing G 1 u R 2 (Q) treated with YM 8 72.
- growth and invasion of brain tumor cells can be suppressed by controlling Ca 2+ permeability by AMPA-type daltaminate receptor subunits in animal-onset brain tumor cells.
- Ca 2 + permeability in brain tumor cells can be increased. Because it can control and inhibit the growth and invasion of brain tumor cells, it is the most effective and effective means of treating brain tumors such as glioblastoma known as highly migratory and wettable tumors It becomes.
- the present invention makes it possible to measure the proliferation / invasion activity of brain tumor cells by detecting and measuring the expression of AMPA-type dartamic acid receptor subunit in brain tumor cells that develop in animals. By using this method, it is possible to grasp the malignancy of a brain tumor, which is an effective means for diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a brain tumor.
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AT03784615T ATE429931T1 (de) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Zusammensetzungen zur hemmung der proliferation und infiltration von gehirntumorzellen durch expression der ampa-typ glutamat-rezeptor- untereinheit |
US10/524,046 US20060128645A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Inhibition of proliferation and infiltration of brain tumor cells caused by expression of ampa-type glutamate receptor subunit |
CA2494063A CA2494063C (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Inhibition of proliferation and infiltration of brain tumor cells caused by expression of ampa-type glutamate receptor subunit |
EP03784615A EP1552852B1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Compositions for inhibition of proliferation and infiltration of brain tumor cells by expression of ampa-type glutamate receptor subunit |
DE60327449T DE60327449D1 (de) | 2002-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Zusammensetzungen zur hemmung der proliferation und infiltration von gehirntumorzellen durch expression der ampa-typ glutamat-rezeptor-untereinheit |
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JP2002232086A JP4175846B2 (ja) | 2002-08-08 | 2002-08-08 | Ampa型グルタミン酸受容体サブユニットの発現による脳腫瘍細胞の増殖と浸潤の抑制 |
JP2002-232086 | 2002-08-08 |
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US7750024B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2010-07-06 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | Remedy for glioblastoma |
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GB0416730D0 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2004-09-01 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds |
GB0507298D0 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2005-05-18 | Novartis Ag | Organic compounds |
US11020363B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2021-06-01 | Cydex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Injectable nitrogen mustard compositions comprising a cyclodextrin derivative and methods of making and using the same |
US20100311838A1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-09 | Pipkin James D | Injectable Melphalan Compositions Comprising a Cyclodextrin Derivative and Methods of Making and Using the Same |
JP6371063B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2018-08-08 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | 悪性腫瘍の検査方法および抗腫瘍剤 |
AU2019310122A1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-03-18 | With Great Power, Llc | Clinical methods and pharmaceutical compositions employing ampa receptor antagonists to treat glioblastoma and other cancers |
CN111269939A (zh) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-06-12 | 湖南大学深圳研究院 | 稳定表达AMPA受体GluR1/GluR2细胞株及其构建方法 |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
ISHIUCHI S. ET AL.: "Extension of glial processes by activation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor channels", NEUROREPORT, vol. 12, no. 4, 26 March 2001 (2001-03-26), pages 745 - 748, XP002974830 * |
MASS S. ET AL.: "Underediting of glutamate receptor GluR-B mRNA in malignant gliomas", PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 98, no. 25, 4 December 2001 (2001-12-04), pages 14687 - 14692, XP002974829 * |
RZESKI W. ET AL.: "Glutamate antagonists limit tumor growth", PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 98, no. 11, 22 May 2001 (2001-05-22), pages 6372 - 6377, XP002968567 * |
Cited By (1)
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US7750024B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2010-07-06 | Astellas Pharma Inc. | Remedy for glioblastoma |
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EP1552852B1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
JP4175846B2 (ja) | 2008-11-05 |
ATE429931T1 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
ES2324780T3 (es) | 2009-08-14 |
US20060128645A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
DE60327449D1 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
JP2004067627A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1552852A4 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1552852A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
CA2494063A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
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