Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D215/42—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• Denatured carob flour and the process to obtain it described in this specification will be applied in industry to develop dietary fiber products rich in condensed tannins for human consumption.
• Carob pulp is also rich in cyclitol and pinitol, a product that is transformed into inositol in the organism, a molecule of great interest for cell metabolism control (Bates SH, Jones RB, Bailey CJ. Insulin-like effect of pinitol. Br J Pharacol (2000) 130 (8): 1944-48).
• the object of the present invention is, therefore, to eliminate from the carob pulp a large proportion of its sugars and soluble tannins, but maintaining a significant pinitol contents and to modify its condensed tannins to maintain its beneficial effects (hypolipaemic activity), regulators of intestinal function, antioxidants etc), eliminate its astringent and antinutritional effects and to be able to use in this way the product as a dietary product for human or animal use, as well as a component in pharmaceuticals.
• the denatured carob flour with low soluble tannin and sugar contents has the following composition, depending on the variety of fruit used:
• Cyclitols usually 0.2-1.5%; typically 0.3-1%
• Lignins usually 2-10% ; typically 2-7%
• Celluloses usually 10-30% ; typically 15-28%
• Hemicelluloses usually 3-20% ; typically 3-9% Pectins usually 1-6%; typically 2-5%
• Condensed tannins usually 25-55%; typically 30-48%
• Protein usually 3-9%; typically 4-8% Water contents less than usually below 8%; typically below
• This carob flour is characterized by having an active ingredient with at least 25%, usually 30%, typically 40% of condensed carob tannins denatured thermally with a weight ratio of soluble to insoluble polyphenols less than 0.05 (solubility determined with water at 37°C). Evaluation of the polyphenol contents has been carried out by first determining the soluble tannin contents in water at 37°C stirring for 15 minutes; these are determined spec trophotrometric ally in this water with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent (Singleton N.L. Rossi J.A. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Nitic (1965). 16:144- 158).
• the insoluble polyphenols of the residue are determined by treatment with HC1- butanol according to the method of Hagerman and coworkers (Hagerman A.E. Zhao Y. Jonson S. Methods for determination of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. In F. Shahidi (Ed), Antinutrients and phytochemicals in foods (p. 209-222). ACS symposium Series 662. Washington, DC. American Chemical Society).
• carob pulp rich in condensed tannins, formed by polymerization of flavan-3-ol and its gallic esters with a strong astringent effect, are treated with heat (between usually 130 and 200°C, typically 140 and 150°C) to result in a change of structure of the polyphenols with partial degradation and polymerization and to eliminate astringency and interference with absorption of nutrients in the diet but maintaining most of its positive effects.
• the process to obtain the previously described carob flour consists in a series of steps, as follows: a. Cleaning the whole fruit: Cleaning includes e.g dry (e.g. mechanical separation of contaminants) or wet (e.g. wash out with water) cleaning steps. Dependent on the cleaning procedure this step may additionally include a drying step. This could be done e.g. in an air flow, b. Crushing the carob fruits: this could be done, e.g. by passing the carob fruit through a mill, typically a hammer mill, to shred the pods to pieces smaller than 3 cm. c.
• a. Cleaning the whole fruit Cleaning includes e.g dry (e.g. mechanical separation of contaminants) or wet (e.g. wash out with water) cleaning steps. Dependent on the cleaning procedure this step may additionally include a drying step. This could be done e.g. in an air flow, b. Crushing the carob fruits: this could be done, e.g. by passing the carob fruit through a mill, typically a
• the seed can be separated using a sieve with a suitably sized mesh, depending on the conditions of the process, the agronomical variety and the water contents of the fruit.
• air classification or other mechanical or physical technologies can be used.
• Toasting modification of the structure of condensed tannins: this process is important to change the nutritional properties of the condensed tannins. This can be reached by toasting of the carob kibbles at temperatures usually between 130-200°C, typically between 140-150°C for a certain time period depending on the water content of the pulp and the particle size. Usual time periods for this toasting process are 5-60 minutes, typically 10-20 minutes.
• Extraction process the toasted carob pulp is extracted with water or any other suitable solvent to remove the sugars and water-soluble tannins.
• the ratio of extraction material to solvent is usually higher than 1:20 (by weight), typically 1:4 (by weight).
• the extraction can be made at different temperatures usually in the range of 5-80°C, typically between 20-55°C.
• Extraction can be done e.g. in an simple extraction tank (with or without stirrer) or in a continuously operating extractor (counter current flow extraction). Dependent on the other extraction parameters extraction time usually lies between 5 minutes to 24 hours, typically between 15 minutes and 2 hours.
• Separation Separation of the water soluble components from the water insoluble parts can be done by several techniques including decantation, filtration, or centrifugation.
• Milling the water-insoluble residue is ground to a fine powder by milling techniques. Preferred equipment is a colloidal mill, but also other milling techniques can be considered (e.g. ball mills). Reached particle sizes are below
• 250 ⁇ m (90% of particles below 250 ⁇ m), usually below 150 ⁇ m (90% of particles below 150 ⁇ m) and typically below 100 ⁇ m (90% of particles below
• steps e. (extraction) and f. (separation) are sufficient to reach sugar contents usually below 15 % and typically below 10% in the insoluble residue.
• steps e. (extraction) and f. (separation) are sufficient to reach sugar contents usually below 15 % and typically below 10% in the insoluble residue.
• i. Separation After the last extraction step the obtained residue is pressed, filtered, decanted, or centrifuged to eliminate as much as possible of the water, j. Drying: To reduce the water content usually below 8%, typically below 6%.
• the whole production process, as described above in the steps a-k, or parts of it, can also be done in a continuous way.
• DCF Dynamic Carob Fibre
• the DCF increases fecal volume and weight compared to cellulose and results in a similar fecal volume and weight, at the same doses, as NCF, but with fecal butyrate and polyphenol concentrations 30% and 10% higher, respectively, in rats fed with our invention than in those fed with diets containing carob fiber (NCF), hence, as repeatedly described by several authors, protection against the formation of mutagenic or carcinogenic compounds (electrophylic molecules) in animals that consume DCF is higher than that achieved with carob fibers (NCF).
• NCF carob fiber

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
• Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-07-25 GB GBGB0217294.8A patent/GB0217294D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2003
  • 2003-07-23 DE DE60307860T patent/DE60307860T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-07-23 AU AU2003251474A patent/AU2003251474A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-23 US US10/522,058 patent/US20060040925A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-23 JP JP2004526773A patent/JP4515260B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-07-23 ES ES03784064T patent/ES2270142T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-07-23 AT AT03784064T patent/ATE336995T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-07-23 EP EP03784064A patent/EP1539133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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