WO2003092143A1 - Moteur a excitation par aimant permanent - Google Patents

Moteur a excitation par aimant permanent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003092143A1
WO2003092143A1 PCT/EP2003/004227 EP0304227W WO03092143A1 WO 2003092143 A1 WO2003092143 A1 WO 2003092143A1 EP 0304227 W EP0304227 W EP 0304227W WO 03092143 A1 WO03092143 A1 WO 03092143A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive according
field drive
rotary field
stator
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/004227
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Amrhein
Original Assignee
Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to AU2003229718A priority Critical patent/AU2003229718A1/en
Publication of WO2003092143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003092143A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to provide a concept for a drive which, on the one hand, has a very low torque ripple during operation, but on the other hand can also be produced with a small mechanical and electrical outlay.
  • the electrical drive according to the invention which is a brushless permanent magnet synchronous drive, is equipped with simple, inexpensively producible components for electromagnetic torque generation.
  • the core components of the invention are band, ring, segment or disc-shaped permanent magnet workpieces which, in order to achieve the object according to the invention, undergo a special magnetization and are combined with suitable stator windings, which can be ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic.
  • suitable stator windings which can be ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic.
  • the magnetization takes place, as will be described in the following, so that when the rotor rotates in the winding phases, essentially sinusoidal flux linkages and thus at constant speed ideally result in sinusoidal, rotationally induced voltages independent of the winding.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a rotor magnet with rings, bands or
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of a rotor magnetic tape
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of an inner rotor with magnetic sub-bands or
  • Fig. 8 is a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape with partial
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape with three areas different in terms of magnetization
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of another unwound rotor magnetic tape with three areas different in terms of magnetization
  • 11 is a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape with alternating poles
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape, in which a magnetized partial surface is opposite to a non-magnetic partial surface,
  • 13 is a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape
  • 14 is a plan view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape
  • 16 is a plan view of a three-leg stator winding
  • 17 is a plan view of a four-leg stator winding
  • FIG. 20 shows a basic diagram of a circuit for bifilar wound strands.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as a possible external rotor exemplary embodiment, the cross section of a fan drive in which some proposed solutions according to the invention are technically implemented and implemented.
  • the fan drive has an optional band-shaped or ring-shaped permanent material 10, a ferromagnetic stator winding 11, an air gap 3, a bell-shaped rotor yoke 12, an inner (plastic) part 13 of an axial fan wheel, a flange 14, a bearing support tube 16 for bearing mounting and a ball bearing 15 on.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a rotor magnet 10 with annular segments
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a rotor magnet 10 with disks 21 a, 21 b, 21c, 21 d.
  • the permanent magnet material 10 can also consist of axially mechanically combined rings, bands or segments 20a, 20b, 20c (FIG. 2) or also of disks 21a, 21, 21c, 21d (FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of a rotor magnetic tape 10 (conceptually) unwound in the plane with a possible exemplary embodiment for the magnetization of the permanent magnet material 10 of a two-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • the rotor magnetic tape 10 is viewed from the inside of the rotor magnet.
  • the rotor magnetic tape has a contour line 30 between the regions (poles) 31 a and 31 b of a magnetization direction and the region (opposite pole) 32 one opposite direction of magnetization and a tape longitudinal axis 33, a left end 34 and a right end 35.
  • stator winding 11 which can be designed as a diameter winding, as a longed winding or as a distributed winding
  • a sinusoidal flux linkage with the stator strands results. Accordingly, at constant speed, a sinusoidal, rotationally induced voltage also arises.
  • the executed contour line 30 can be regarded approximately as a sine line placed on the belt longitudinal axis 33.
  • the band ends on both sides (34, 35) at the maxima 34, 35 of the sine line, in the middle there is a minimum 36.
  • this is chosen purely arbitrarily.
  • An angular displacement of the sine line in the longitudinal direction of the belt has practically no influence on the operating behavior of the machine, since the belt is closed into a circle by rolling up on both sides, cf. Fig. 5.
  • i (1 ... m) is approximately fulfilled.
  • m is the number of strands of the stator
  • ⁇ the angle of rotation of the rotor, i.e. infinitesimally small height sections
  • rd infinitesimally small arc sections of the stator circumference
  • cpn the angles which limit the average effective pole width of a strand, • h. ,, h 2, the limiting height of the stator or the associated stator iron core
  • FIG. 7 shows, for example, a top view of a rotor of an internal rotor motor, in which the magnetic tape is divided into magnetic sub-tapes 141, 142, 143 and 144. Two embodiments are shown. The subbands 141 and 142 are closely joined together at point 148. The subbands 143 and 144, on the other hand, have been mounted on the rotor with a mechanical intermediate gap 149. Instead of magnetic tapes, magnetic segments 143, 144 can also be used.
  • Two adjacent magnets can be magnetized so that they together form a pole, e.g. magnets 145 and 147, or also in such a way that they form opposite poles, e.g. the magnets 145 and 146.
  • a design variation is also possible, the boundaries of the two workpieces 141 and 142 melting together. This means that only one workpiece with a number of poles that can be variably adjusted during manufacture is required. In this case, the dividing line 148 would be omitted in FIG. 7.
  • Fig. 8 shows a side view of another unwound rotor magnetic tape.
  • all areas 31 a, 31 b and 32 are magnetized.
  • the poles 31a, 31b and 32 overlap over the entire angular range with the exception of extremes 34, 35, 36, in FIG. 8 there are angular ranges in which only one direction of magnetization prevails.
  • Such magnetization with non-sinusoidal Pole boundary line may be necessary in particular if the permanent magnet materials scatter very strongly on the axial faces due to large air gaps 3 or different magnet / laminated core lengths, the magnet and laminated core lengths are different or saturation effects play a role.
  • FIG. 9 shows a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape 10 with three areas that differ in terms of magnetization: pole 51, opposite pole 52 and unmagnetized areas 53a, 53b. Furthermore, an upper boundary line 54 and a lower boundary line 55 are shown.
  • the width of the magnetized zone increases sinusoidally over the band length, and the rotor magnetic band 10 likewise brings about a sinusoidal flux linkage.
  • FIG. 10 shows a side view analogous to FIG. 9, but in which the upper and lower boundary lines 54, 55 have been displaced in places. Despite this shift, the sinusoidal change in width of the magnetized zone is still present.
  • the approximately sinusoidal increase in the magnetized area over the angular range is essential, but not necessarily the position or shape of this area or its magnetization structure. Area, shape and structure can be varied in different ways.
  • poles 51 and counterpoles 52 are uniform and thus magnetized homogeneously. This is not mandatory. A similar effect will achieved when the poles 51, 52 are designed alternately over the entire area or a partial area, ie with different magnetization directions.
  • Fig. 11 shows a side view of a developed rotor magnetic tape with two alternating poles 51, 52.
  • the poles 51, 52 each have partial areas 61 with a magnetization direction, e.g. North, and partial areas 62 with a different direction of magnetization from the direction of magnetization of the partial areas 61, e.g. South, up. Since the partial regions 62 predominate in the region of the pole 51, the pole 51 is a south pole, and due to the predominance of the zones 61 in the region 52, the pole 52 is a north pole.
  • the pole 51 has a magnetization structure similar to the method of electrical pulse width modulation, the boundaries between the partial areas 61 and 62 therefore run transversely to the rotor magnetic tape (circumference).
  • the sum of the width of a partial area 61 and a partial area 62 corresponds to the drawn-in width 64. The finer the zone width, the less the transitions in engine operation will be felt.
  • the pole 52 has a magnetization structure in which the partial regions 61 and 62 each have the drawn-in width 64, and the sum of the height (axial length) of the respective partial regions 61 and 62 corresponds to the total height of the rotor magnetic tape.
  • the magnetization of the pole is determined by the respective height ratio between the partial areas 61 and 62, which have been evaluated sinusoidally here.
  • the influence of the transitions on the operating behavior can be further reduced if the partial pole edges are arranged at an angle to the magnetic edge instead of perpendicular.
  • FIG. 12 shows a side view of an unwound rotor magnetic tape, in which non-magnetized partial areas 63 are arranged in addition to the magnetized partial areas 62, 61.
  • the areas 62 on the left side represent, for example, south poles, the areas 63 remain unmagnetized, and on the right side the areas 61 north poles represent and the areas 63 remain unmagnetized.
  • the polarization image can be composed continuously or in limited partial areas from partial areas that are magnetized in one or the other direction and from partial areas that are not magnetized in such a way that the desired angle-dependent flux linkage is achieved. This is usually chosen to be sinusoidal, but does not necessarily have to be sinusoidal.
  • the permanent material is broken down into several parts or formed from several parts.
  • the dividing line can also expediently follow a smoothed curve.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 Further variants for achieving sinusoidal strand flux linkages via the permanent magnet material are shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
  • the height of the magnetic material is varied sinusoidally in the axial direction. This variant saves material and is therefore particularly interesting for expensive band, ring or disc-shaped magnetic materials.
  • the view on the air gap side or the ferromagnetic return side is shown.
  • the magnet width of the band or of the mentally developed ring is varied accordingly.
  • the air gap width is designated by 112 and the ferromagnetic back yoke side by 113.
  • the width variation can also be transferred to discs by varying the diameter depending on the angle.
  • 15 shows a plan view of a four-pole rotor magnet 10 of an internal rotor motor, in which the sinusoidal magnetization is achieved by varying the magnet width 121 over the angular range.
  • phase currents with harmonics can be calculated, which also lead to an angle-independent torque.
  • the magnetization of the permanent magnet materials presented can be carried out by appropriately designed magnetization devices with shaped ferromagnetic pole or partial pole shoes or non-ferromagnetic pole or partial pole shoes (e.g. air coils).
  • the entire magnetization can take place in a capacitor discharge cycle, but the poles or also the partial surfaces of the partial poles can also be magnetized in individual steps.
  • stator winding 71 shows, for an external rotor motor, a mechanically and electrically very simple construction of a three-leg stator winding 71 with coils 72a, 72b, 72c, which also form the three motor strands at the same time.
  • the three-leg stator with concentrated winding is suitable for a two-pole permanent magnet rotor.
  • the sinusoidal phase currents or voltages are advantageously impressed as a function of the rotor angle. The angle can be detected in a known manner using appropriate sensors or sensorless by evaluating the electrical string sizes.
  • stator windings can also be formed with four, five, six or more legs distributed uniformly or non-uniformly over the circumference of 360 degrees, which also carry concentrated windings, or have coils that enclose several legs. Combinations with four-pole rotors are possible from the number of legs four, and combinations with six-pole rotors from the number of legs six.
  • a distinction can be made between single-phase AC motors and multi-phase rotary motor
  • FIG. 17 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment, a variant with four legs 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, with four concentrated coils 131a, 131b, 131c, 131d, which are optionally supplemented by bifilar wound coils 133a, 133b, 133c, 133d (only indicated) can be. Electrically there are different operating variants, for example:
  • a two-strand motor with coils 131 a, 131 b, 131c, 131d and 133a, 133b, 133c, 133d, each connected in series, with four-pole magnets and with two electrical individual switches (bifilar control)
  • a two-strand motor each with two coils 131a, 131d and 131b, 131c connected in series, with a two-pole permanent magnet motor and two half-bridges or two full-bridges as electrical control
  • a distributed and longed-for rotating field winding 82 is specified, which can be designed either slotless or grooved.
  • FIG. 20 A proposed inexpensive winding variant in connection with the permanent magnet motor is shown in FIG. 20. These are bifilar wound coils or strands 91, 92 of the motor (shown, only two as examples), which are each controlled only by an electrical switch 93, 94. A drive can contain several such wound coils.
  • radial tensile force components occur on the stator and on the rotor, which are not compensated for - integrated over the circumference.
  • the rotating radial force component does not cause any significant noise with sinusoidal supply, since the resulting force vector does not jump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur synchrone à champ alternatif ou rotatif, comprenant un stator électromagnétique et un rotor à aimant permanent, cet aimant permanent se présentant sous la forme d'une ou de plusieurs pièces en forme de ruban, d'anneau, de segment ou de disque disposées sur le rotor. Selon l'invention, dans cet aimant permanent constitué d'une ou de plusieurs pièces, au moins deux pôles (51, 52) sont séparés magnétiquement par au moins une limite de pôle continue ou discontinue ou formés par un ensemble de surfaces ou de volumes partiels magnétiquement distincts (61, 61) et les enroulements de stator sont disposés de telle sorte que, lors d'une rotation du rotor, des enchaînements de flux sinusoïdaux à harmoniques superposées soient produits dans les faisceaux d'enroulement du moteur par couplage du flux magnétique permanent avec les faisceaux d'enroulement du moteur.
PCT/EP2003/004227 2002-04-24 2003-04-23 Moteur a excitation par aimant permanent WO2003092143A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003229718A AU2003229718A1 (en) 2002-04-24 2003-04-23 Motor with permanent magnet excitation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10218390.2 2002-04-24
DE10218390 2002-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003092143A1 true WO2003092143A1 (fr) 2003-11-06

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PCT/EP2003/004227 WO2003092143A1 (fr) 2002-04-24 2003-04-23 Moteur a excitation par aimant permanent

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AU (1) AU2003229718A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10318278A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003092143A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208841A (zh) * 2011-03-31 2011-10-05 深圳市顺合泰电机有限公司 便于安装线匝的电机定子

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006033718B4 (de) * 2006-07-20 2017-10-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine mit schräg verlaufenden Magnetpolgrenzen
DE102008015297A1 (de) * 2008-03-20 2009-10-01 Fujitsu Siemens Computers Gmbh Schaltungseinheit zur Ansteuerung eines elektronisch kommutierten Lüftermotors
CN106451854B (zh) * 2016-11-17 2019-03-29 南京航空航天大学 一种叉指交替极永磁电机

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3236619A1 (de) * 1981-10-29 1983-05-19 Siegfried 2121 Vögelsen Crull Elektrische maschine, und zwar motor oder generator
JPS5921267A (ja) * 1982-07-28 1984-02-03 Dai Ichi Seiko Co Ltd 電磁モ−タ用ロ−タ
DE3526007A1 (de) * 1984-07-20 1986-01-23 Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen Kollektorloser gleichstrommotor
EP0223612A1 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-05-27 AlliedSignal Inc. Rotor pour une machine électrique
US4737674A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-04-12 Shicoh Engineering Co., Ltd. Single phase brushless motor with a core
EP0433479A1 (fr) * 1988-06-18 1991-06-26 Minebea Co. Ltd. Moteur à courant continu sans balais et son aimant de rotor
US5783890A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Cleveland Motion Controls, Inc. Imprinted geometric magnetic anticog permanent magnet motor
US20010048264A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2001-12-06 Pacsci Motion Control, Inc. Brushless DC motor having reduced cogging torque
DE10125005A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Permanentmagnetmotor

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3236619A1 (de) * 1981-10-29 1983-05-19 Siegfried 2121 Vögelsen Crull Elektrische maschine, und zwar motor oder generator
JPS5921267A (ja) * 1982-07-28 1984-02-03 Dai Ichi Seiko Co Ltd 電磁モ−タ用ロ−タ
DE3526007A1 (de) * 1984-07-20 1986-01-23 Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co KG, 7742 St Georgen Kollektorloser gleichstrommotor
EP0223612A1 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-05-27 AlliedSignal Inc. Rotor pour une machine électrique
US4737674A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-04-12 Shicoh Engineering Co., Ltd. Single phase brushless motor with a core
EP0433479A1 (fr) * 1988-06-18 1991-06-26 Minebea Co. Ltd. Moteur à courant continu sans balais et son aimant de rotor
US5783890A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Cleveland Motion Controls, Inc. Imprinted geometric magnetic anticog permanent magnet motor
US20010048264A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2001-12-06 Pacsci Motion Control, Inc. Brushless DC motor having reduced cogging torque
DE10125005A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Permanentmagnetmotor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 107 (E - 245) 19 May 1984 (1984-05-19) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208841A (zh) * 2011-03-31 2011-10-05 深圳市顺合泰电机有限公司 便于安装线匝的电机定子

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003229718A1 (en) 2003-11-10
DE10318278A1 (de) 2003-11-06

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