WO2003091478A1 - Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un piston - Google Patents

Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un piston Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003091478A1
WO2003091478A1 PCT/CN2002/000784 CN0200784W WO03091478A1 WO 2003091478 A1 WO2003091478 A1 WO 2003091478A1 CN 0200784 W CN0200784 W CN 0200784W WO 03091478 A1 WO03091478 A1 WO 03091478A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
oil
alkali metal
treatment method
surface treatment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000784
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jiaxiang Liang
Original Assignee
Blue Sky Environmental Protection (Holdings) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blue Sky Environmental Protection (Holdings) Limited filed Critical Blue Sky Environmental Protection (Holdings) Limited
Priority to AU2002367888A priority Critical patent/AU2002367888A1/en
Priority to BR0215726-8A priority patent/BR0215726A/pt
Priority to JP2003588000A priority patent/JP2005523994A/ja
Priority to EP02807291A priority patent/EP1505175A1/en
Publication of WO2003091478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003091478A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/02—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chemical surface treatment method for a piston. After this treatment, the piston can obviously reduce the friction between the piston ring groove and the piston ring, and the friction between the piston (especially the piston skirt) and the cylinder wall. This significantly improves the tightness of the cylinder and prolongs the service life of the cylinder liner, piston and piston ring. Background technique
  • the basic structure of an internal combustion engine is a piston-type connecting rod mechanism. Fuel is burned in the cylinder to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which pushes the piston to move downward. The piston transmits the crankshaft through the connecting rod bar force to rotate the crankshaft to perform external work.
  • a piston ring groove is formed in the piston, and a piston ring is provided in the piston ring groove.
  • the piston ring is an alloy cast iron circular ring with an open gap.
  • the existing piston design has the following defects:
  • pistons are generally made of aluminum alloy.
  • the expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy is much larger than that of alloy cast iron (cylinder material).
  • the piston skirt line is often designed to be larger and smaller, with a certain The irregular taper is elliptical in the horizontal direction. 01-
  • the largest size of the piston skirt is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder, and its cylinder clearance is about 0. 02-0. 08% of the cylinder diameter in the case of a gasoline engine, and about 0. 01- 0. 18%.
  • This gap causes: 1. When the piston moves up and down, the piston's swing causes the piston skirt and head to hit the cylinder, thereby increasing the operating noise of the internal combustion engine; 2.
  • the piston's swing increases the piston ring.
  • the movement in the ring groove accelerates the wear of the piston ring groove and the piston ring and shortens the service life; 3.
  • the piston ring is in the ring groove
  • the inner beating up and down plays the role of pumping, sucking the lubricating oil to the upper part of the cylinder to participate in combustion, causing exhaust pollution and excessive consumption of lubricating oil.
  • the surface of the piston rings is usually phosphated or nitrided, and the contact parts with the cylinder are subjected to porous chrome plating or molybdenum spraying; piston skirts are tinned or graphite sprayed and other technical measures.
  • these measures have not changed the nature of relatively high-speed semi-dry sliding friction of pistons, piston rings, and cylinders.
  • the pistons and piston rings cannot move in the cylinders with or without gaps in the cylinders. Therefore, they cannot always overcome the above-mentioned defects.
  • the present invention is to provide a chemical surface treatment method for a piston capable of fundamentally overcoming the above-mentioned defects.
  • the treatment method can obviously reduce the friction between the piston and the cylinder wall and the piston ring groove Friction. Therefore, the gap-free or micro-gap motion of the piston in the cylinder and the micro-gap motion of the piston ring in the piston ring can be achieved, which can not only significantly improve the working efficiency of the cylinder, but also significantly extend the life of the cylinder.
  • the present inventors have considered that the main reasons why the prior art cannot make pistons or piston rings move without or in the gap in the cylinder are due to the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, between the piston and the cylinder wall, and between the piston ring and the piston ring. The reason is that the friction between the grooves cannot be significantly reduced.
  • the inventors have learned from the lubrication theory that the lubrication mechanism of lubricating oil is to form an oil film on the surfaces of two parts that are rubbing against each other, so that the friction between the two parts is directly changed from the original metal surface to the lubricating oil film. Sliding friction.
  • the lubricating oil currently sold as a commodity in the market contains various additives, and the additive that functions as a lubricant is a chain-like hydrocarbon having a polar group at one end thereof, and the polar group can It is adsorbed on the surface of the metal so that its tail end without polar groups is erected upwards, so a thick oil film can be formed on the surface of the metal, thereby ensuring the lubrication of the surface of the metal parts.
  • the additive that functions as a lubricant is a chain-like hydrocarbon having a polar group at one end thereof, and the polar group can It is adsorbed on the surface of the metal so that its tail end without polar groups is erected upwards, so a thick oil film can be formed on the surface of the metal, thereby ensuring the lubrication of the surface of the metal parts.
  • the lubricating component of the polar group is not very strong on the smooth metal surface, so when two metal parts rub against each other, the adsorption between
  • the present inventors have the following idea. That is to say, if at least one surface of a pair of metal parts that are rubbed against each other is formed with many small pits that are evenly and invisible to the naked eye, these small pits can not only function as a lubricant storage, but also The polar groups at the ends of the lubricating additive molecule are allowed to drill into the small microscopic pits and are firmly adsorbed, so that a complete oil film can be guaranteed during the entire stroke of the cylinder. In addition, because these small pits are very small, they will not affect the overall smoothness of the surface of the metal parts, so they will not affect the free sliding of the metal parts.
  • the inventors conducted a lot of experiments based on the above-mentioned concept, and finally found a micro-heterogeneous weak etchant suitable for chemically micro-etching the alloy aluminum material of the piston. And the inventors also found that the rare earth oxide particles containing cerium (common mixed rare earths contain cerium, the cerium content of which is close to 50%), especially the oxide particles formed by the explosive oxidation reaction of cerium-containing metal powder, have A structure that is both hard and contains many micropores The amount of oil absorbed can not be broken during the rolling process, so as to play a role of free rolling friction, so that the friction between the two metal parts is greatly reduced. As a result of the above two findings, the present invention has been completed.
  • a chemical surface treatment method for a piston for reducing the surface friction of the piston includes the following steps: placing the piston in a container, pouring mechanical oil to completely submerging the piston, and then Gradually heat up to
  • alkali metal carbonate preferably sodium carbonate
  • alkali metal nitrite preferably sodium nitrite
  • alkali metal chloride preferably A mixture of sodium chloride
  • cerium-containing rare earth metal powder preferably metal cerium powder
  • the type of mechanical oil there is no particular limitation on the type of mechanical oil, as long as it does not significantly volatilize at a temperature of 220-250 ° C, and there is no particular limitation on the rate of temperature increase, but the temperature cannot be increased too fast, so as not to be caused by the mechanical oil Evaporation of moisture or impurities in the oil can cause splashing. If it is found that the mechanical oil is reduced, it should be replenished to the original scale in time to ensure that the mechanical oil can completely submerge the workpiece and maintain the ratio of the mechanical oil to each component. From this, it can be seen that the heating time is prolonged as the amount of the oil bath increases, so the heating time cannot be specifically limited.
  • Alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate
  • alkali metal nitrites such as sodium or potassium nitrite
  • alkali metal chlorides such as sodium or potassium chloride
  • rare earth metals are active metals, and they easily react with oxygen in the air to become rare earth oxides.
  • cerium dioxide is a kind of hard particles, which can be used as a polishing abrasive.
  • the cerium dioxide formed by the explosive oxidation reaction of metal cerium powder has a porous and hard structure, so it can absorb a large amount of lubricating oil and freely roll in the microscopic depressions on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
  • the cerium dioxide generated by precipitation in an aqueous solution cannot have such a porous structure. This is why the inventors chose a cerium-containing rare earth metal (preferably cerium metal) instead of directly selecting cerium dioxide as a reaction additive. The main reason.
  • the inventors observed the piston slice processed by the method under a microscope of 500 times, and can see that there is a layer of attachment with a thickness of about 0.01 legs on the surface of the piston. And it can be observed under a 2000 times electronic microscope These attachments can roll in a spherical shape. Judging from the chemical properties of the above several added ingredients, these rolling spherical particles can only be decorated rare earth oxides (especially cerium dioxide). Due to the free rolling of these decorative rare earth oxide particles in the microscopic pits on the surface of the piston, the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder is rubbed. The essence of the rubbing is changed from the sliding friction mode in the prior art to the rolling friction mode of the invention, thereby greatly reducing the friction between the metal surfaces. For the same reason, the friction force of the piston ring in the piston ring groove will also be reduced to the same extent.
  • rare earth oxides especially cerium dioxide
  • the operating temperature of the micro four-pit corrosion is limited to 22 (TC-250 ° C, preferably 23 ⁇ TC -24 (TC.
  • the holding time of the operating temperature is less than 10 hours, the formation of microscopic pits is insufficient. Conversely, if it is more than 24 hours, the formation of microscopic pits may be excessive. Therefore, the holding time of the operating temperature is limited to 10-24 hours, preferably 13-16 hours.
  • the method of the present invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
  • the gasoline engine can achieve no gap.
  • the diesel engine can be up to 4 gaps, which is about 0. 05- 0. 07% of the steam rainbow diameter. Reduced by more than half.
  • Non-textured or light-textured cylinders can be used, which can reduce the production cost of the cylinders. Second, the beneficial effects when applied to internal combustion engines.
  • the cylinder compressive force is increased, shortening the ignition delay period of the diesel engine, and improving the power and economy of the diesel engine;
  • Lubricating oil is not easy to age, and the oil change period is more than doubled.
  • the various process conditions of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mixed rare earth metal powder containing cerium (the total cerium content is about 50% by weight) is used instead of the metal cerium powder in Example 1.
  • the various process conditions of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1, except that the processing object is changed from the original gasoline engine piston to the diesel engine piston.
  • the various process conditions of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1, except that the processing object is changed from the original gasoline engine piston to the air compressor piston.
  • the various process conditions of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1, except that the processing object is changed from the original gasoline engine piston to the diesel engine piston.
  • the various process conditions of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 2, except that the processing object is changed from the original gasoline engine piston to the air compressor piston.
  • Example 1 The treated gasoline engine piston obtained in Example 1 was applied to a CA6102 gasoline engine produced by FAW Engine Factory to modify the gasoline engine of a bus.
  • the original design of the gasoline engine was: cylinder bore X stroke-101. 6 sides X 114. 3 legs. 6-0, 4mm.
  • the fourth air ring 0. 5-0. 7 let, the second air ring 0. 4-0. 6 wake up, the third air ring 0. 4-0. 6mm, the fourth Oil ring 0. 3-0. 5mm.
  • rainbow gap 0. 02-0. 06mm. 07mm ⁇ After the transformation of the first ring opening gap of 0. 13mm, the second and third rings of 0. 10mm, the fourth ring of 0. 07mm.
  • the treated diesel engine piston obtained in Example 3 was applied to a D6114 diesel engine produced by Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory to modify the diesel engine of a bus.
  • the bus After traveling for 25,000 kilometers, the bus has good power performance, and its fuel consumption has dropped by an average of 8.0% compared to the same period before the transformation.
  • the consumption of lubricating oil is significantly reduced, the oil change period is extended by about 1 time, the free acceleration smoke is less than 2 degrees (the national standard is 5 degrees), and the cylinder compression force t is 20% higher.
  • the disassembly inspection results are very good, the cylinder liner is almost wear-free, the piston ring wear is very small, and it is put back and reused.
  • Example 1 The treated gasoline engine piston obtained in Example 1 and the piston ring obtained according to a similar micro-pit corrosion treatment method were applied to a CA6102 gasoline engine produced by FAW Engine Factory to modify the gasoline engine of a bus.
  • the obtained result is better than that of the application example 1.
  • the opening gap of the first ring can be reduced to 0.10mm, and the opening gap of the fourth ring can be reduced to 0.0505.
  • the gap between these two openings is not only much smaller than the opening gap before the modification (only equivalent to the original opening gap of 10 ° / o-20 ° / o). It is also significantly smaller than the minimum clearance that can be achieved when the piston of the present invention is used alone with a conventional piston ring. In the bus driving test, all the results are better than those of application 1.
  • Example 3 The treated diesel engine piston obtained in Example 3 and the piston ring obtained according to a similar micro-pit corrosion treatment method were used in combination with the diesel engine factory produced in Shanghai In D6114 diesel engine, the diesel engine of buses is modified.
  • the obtained result is better than that of the application example 2.
  • the gap of the second ring can be reduced to 0. 18mm. 07mm ⁇ If using a light-textured small-diameter cylinder liner, it can reduce the cylinder clearance to 0.07mm.
  • the present invention is applicable to the modification of various cylinder pistons including various engines such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, and air compressors, and can significantly improve the work of pistons and cylinders.
  • Efficiency and extended piston and entire cylinder life And not only save oil, but also reduce the pollution of automobile or air compressor type exhaust. Therefore, it has good prospects in industry.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Description

活塞的化学表面处理方法
^支术领域
本发明涉及活塞的化学表面处理方法， 经此处理后的活塞可 以明显地減小活塞环槽与活塞环之间的摩擦力以及活塞 （尤其是 活塞裙部） 与汽缸壁之间的摩擦力， 从而明显地提高汽缸的密封 度和延长汽缸套、 活塞和活塞环的使用寿命。 背景技术
内燃机的基本结构是活塞式连杆机构， 燃料在汽缸内燃烧， 产生高温高压气体， 从而推动活塞往下运动， 活塞通过连杆巴力 传给曲轴， 使曲轴旋转而对外作功。
为使气体不泄漏， 在活塞上开有活塞环槽 ， 活塞环槽中有 活塞环， 该活塞环是一个带有开口间隙的合金铸铁圆形环。 当活 塞上下往复运动时， 活塞环始终紧贴汽缸， 从而避免高温高压气 体从活塞环与汽缸壁 之间通过， 起到密封的作用。
现有活塞的设计存在如下缺陷：
为减少往复运动零件的质量， 活塞一般用铝合金制造。 但铝 合金的膨胀系数要比合金铸铁 （气缸材料） 大得多， 为使活塞受 热后不与气缸贴合过紧而造成损坏， 活塞裙部形线往往设计成下 大上小， 带有一定的不规则锥度， 水平方向成橢圆形状。 活塞裙 部的最大尺寸要比汽缸的直径小， 其配缸间隙在汽油机的情况下 约是汽缸直径的 0. 02-0. 08%,在柴油机的情况下约是汽缸直径的 0. 01- 0. 18%.此间隙造成： 1、 活塞上下运动时， 活塞的摇摆造成 活塞裙部和头部对汽缸的敲击， 从而增大内燃机的运转噪音； 2、 活塞的摇摆加大活塞环在环槽中的移动， 加速活塞环槽和活塞环 的磨损， 缩短使用寿命； 3、 活塞环槽一旦磨损， 使活塞环在环槽 内上下跳动而起泵吸作用， 把润滑油吸到汽缸上部参与燃烧， 造 成排气污染和润滑油的过多消耗。
为了提高活塞、 活塞环的耐磨性和抗咬合性能， 现在一般采 取活塞环表面磷化或氮化， 与汽缸接触部分进行多孔镀铬或喷 钼； 活塞裙部镀锡或喷石墨等技术措施。 但这些措施并没有改变 活塞、 活塞环与汽缸相对高速半干滑动磨擦的实质， 做不到活 塞、 活塞环在汽缸中无隙或微隙运动， 因而始终不能从根本上克 服上述缺陷。 发明内容
本发明的 的是要提供一种能够从根本上克服上述缺陷的活 塞的化学表面处理方法， 该处理方法能明显地减小活塞与汽缸壁 之间的摩擦力和活塞环槽与活塞环之间的摩擦力。 因此能做到活 塞在汽缸中的无隙或微隙运动以及活塞环在活塞环中的微隙运 动， 从而既能明显提高汽缸的工作效率， 又能明显延长汽缸的寿 命。
本发明人考虑到， 现有技术做不到活塞、 活塞环在汽缸中无 隙或微隙运动的主要原因是由于活塞环与汽缸壁之间、 活塞与汽 缸壁之间以及活塞环与活塞环槽之间的摩擦力不能明显减小的缘 故。 本发明人根据润滑理论得知， 润滑油的润滑机理是在两个相 互摩擦的零件表面上形成一层油膜， 从而使这两个零件的摩擦由 原来的金属表面直接摩擦转变成润滑油膜之间的滑动摩擦。 特别 是目前在市场上作为商品销售的润滑油， 其中含有各种添加剂， 其中起润滑作用的添加剂是一种链状的烃类， 在其一端具有一个 极性基团， 该极性基团能够吸附在金属的表面上而让其没有极性 基团的尾端向上竖起， 因此能在金属的表面上形成一层较厚的油 膜， 从而保证金属零件表面的润滑作用。 然而， 即便是这种带有 极性基团的润滑成分， 它在光滑的金属表面上的吸附也不是很牢 固的， 因此在两个金属零件相互摩擦时就会导致在金属表面与润 滑成分之间的吸附作用被破坏。 为了弥补这一缺陷， 在现有技术 的汽缸产品中， 在汽缸壁上珩磨出一些储油网纹， 以图不断地向 汽缸壁补充润滑油。 但是储油网纹不能开得太多和太密， 否则就 会导致表面的凹凸不平。 因此汽缸壁的绝大部分表面以及活塞的 全部表面都是光滑的， 从而不能在汽缸的行程中保证油膜的完 整。
根据这一认识， 本发明人产生如下构思。 也就是说， 如果在 发生相互摩擦的一对金属零件的至少一方的表面上形成许多均匀 密布的肉眼看不到的 现小凹坑， 这些小凹坑既能起储存润滑油 的作用， 又能允许润滑添加剂分子端部的极性基团钻入微观小凹 坑中并牢固地吸附着， 这样便能保证在汽缸的全部行程中都具有 完整的油膜。 而且， 由于这些小凹坑是十分细小的， 它们不会影 响金属零件表面整体的平滑性， 因此不会影响金属零件的自由滑 动， 对于作为活塞材料的合金铝来说， 只要找到一种相对较弱的 并且是敬观非均匀性的腐蚀剂， 就有可能在合金铝的表面上形成 这种均匀密布的 ：小凹坑。 另外， 本发明人还产生一个如下的构 思。 也就是说， 如果能有一些吸油性强而且坚硬的小颗粒存在于 这些小凹坑中， 由于这些小颗粒周围都吸附有一层润滑油， 因此 势必能在上述微观小凹坑中自由滚动， 从而能够起到一种滚动摩 擦的作用， 这样就有可能进一步降低两个金属零件之间的摩擦 力。 据本发明人所知， 本发明人的上述两种构思尚未有过报导， 因此这是具有新颖性的构思。 本发明人根据上述构思进行了大量 的试验, 终于找到了适合于对活塞的合金铝材料进行化学表面微 腐蚀处理的微观非均匀性的弱腐蚀剂。 并且本发明人还发现， 含 铈的稀土氧化物粒子 （一般的混合稀土皆含有铈， 其中的铈含量 接近 50% ) , 特别是含铈金属粉末通过爆炸式氧化反应形成的氧 化物粒子， 具有一种既坚硬又包含许多微孔的结构， 因此既能大 量地吸油， 又能在滚动过程中不破碎， 从而起到一种自由滚动摩 擦的作用， 这样就在极大程度上減轻了两个金属零件之间的摩擦 力。 由于上述两个发现， 从而完成了本发明。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种活塞的化学表面处理方法， 用于减小活塞的表面摩擦 力， 该方法包含下述涉骤： 将活塞置于一个容器中， 倒入机械油 至将活塞完全淹没， 然后在不会导致溅油的条件下逐渐升温至
220-250 °C , (优选 230-240 °C ) , 向其中均匀撒入由碱金属碳酸 盐 （优选碳酸钠） 、 碱金属亚硝酸盐 （优选亚硝酸钠） 、 碱金属 氯化物 （优选氯化钠） 和含铈稀土金属粉末 （优选金属铈粉末） 组成的混合物， 其中各成分和机械油的加入量应符合下列重量百 分比：
成分 重 量°/。 碱金属碳酸盐 （优选碳酸钠 ) 0.3-1.0% 碱金属亚 肖酸盐（优选亚硝酸钠） 0.3-1.0% 碱金属氯化物（优选氯化钠） 0.20-0.60% 含铈稀土金属粉末（优选金属铈粉末） 1.0-1.6% 机械油 余量 接着在上迷温度下保持 10-24小时（优选 13-16小时），停止加 热以使油浴自然冷却，待油温冷却至 50 °C后取出活塞，即为成品。
下面详细地解释本发明：
在本发明的方法中， 对机械油的种类没有特别限制， 只要它 在 220- 250 °C的温度下不明显挥发即可， 对升温速度没有特别限 制， 只是不能升温太快， 以免由于机械油中的水分或杂质的挥发 而造成溅油。 如果发现机械油减少， 应及时补充至原来的刻度， 以保证机械油能将工件全部淹没并保持机械油与各成分的比例。 由此可以看出， 升温时间随油浴量的增加而延长， 所以不能具体 限定升温时间。
碱金属碳酸盐 （例如碳酸钠或钾） 、 碱金属亚硝酸盐 （例如 亚硝酸钠或钾） 、 碱金属氯化物 （例如氯化钠或钾） 都是具有弱 腐蚀性的物质。 但它们的分子是强极性的， 而机械油的分子是非 极性的， 所以它们不能溶解于机械油中， 不过它们能以细分散的 状态均匀地悬浮于机械油浴中， 于是形成一种微观非均匀性的弱 腐蚀剂。 这就是本发明人之所以选择机械油而不是选择水性介质 作为微腐蚀载体介质的主要理由。 由于这些腐蚀剂的协同作用而 在活塞的铝合金表面上形成许多均匀密布的微观小凹坑。 但是如 果它们在机械油中的比例过小， 就可能达不到微腐蚀的最低要 求。 相反， 如果它们在机械油中的比例过大， 就可能形成过大的 小凹坑， 从而可能影响铝合金表面的整体平滑性。
另外， 稀土金属都是活泼的金属， 它们容易与空气中的氧发 生反应而变成稀土氧化物。 其中， 二氧化铈是一种坚硬的颗粒状 物， 它可作为抛光磨料使用。 而由金属铈粉末通过爆炸式氧化反 应形成的二氧化铈具有一种多孔而坚硬的结构， 所以它能吸附大 量的润滑油并陷在铝合金表面的微观凹坑中自由滚动。 而通过在 水溶液中沉淀而生成的二氧化铈则不能具有这种多孔的结构， 这 就是本发明人之所以选择含铈稀土金属 （优选铈金属） 而不直接 选择二氧化铈作为反应添加物的主要理由。 本发明人将经过本方 法处理的活塞切片置于 500 倍的显微镜下观察， 可以看到在活塞 表面上有一层厚约 0. 01腿的附着物.并且在 2000倍的电子显 镜 下能观察到这些附着物能以球状的形态滚动。 而从上述几种添加 成分的化学性质判断， 这些滚动的球状颗粒只能是含饰的稀土氧 化物 （尤其是二氧化铈） 。 由于这些含饰稀土氧化物颗粒在活塞 表面微观凹坑中的自由滚动， 因此使活塞在汽缸内的往复运动摩 擦的实质由现有技术中的滑动摩擦模式转变成本发明的滚动摩擦 模式， 从而在极大程度上减小了金属表面之间的摩擦力。 由于同 样的道理， 活塞环在活塞环槽中的摩擦力也会有同样程度的減 小。
当然， 如果对活塞环也进行类似的敖凹坑腐蚀处理， 还可以 降低活塞环与汽缸壁之间的摩擦力和进一步降低活塞环与活塞环 槽之间的摩擦力。 但由于活塞环的材质是合金铸铁而不是合金 铝， 所以它的微凹坑腐蚀处理配方不同于本发明的配方， 故不属 于本发明的范畴。 本发明人将以另一个发明提出专利申请。
另外， 操作温度如果低于 220 °C , 则会导致微凹坑腐蚀的速 度太慢， 对生产率不利。 相反， 如果高于 250 °C , 则会导致微凹 坑腐蚀的速度过快， 容易造成微凹坑过大甚至可能影响金属表面 的整体平滑性。 并且当温度超过 250 °C时， 有可能导致机械油的 部分炭化， 从而影响微凹坑腐蚀的均匀性。 因此将微四坑腐蚀的 操作温度限定为 22 (TC - 250 °C , 优选 23 {TC -24 (TC。
另外， 操作温度的保持时间如果少于 10小时， 则微观凹坑的 形成不够充分。 相反， 如果多于 24 小时， 则微观凹坑的形成可能 过度。 因此将操作温度的保持时间限定为 10-24 小时， 优选 13 - 16小时。
与本领域的同类现有技术相比， 本发明的方法可以获得如下 有益效果：
一、 在汽缸总体设计方面的效果。
1、 可以消除或明显减小活塞裙部与汽缸的配合间隙， 汽油 机可以做到无隙， 柴油机可^文到 4 隙， 约是汽虹直径的 0. 05- 0. 07%,比常规设计减小一半以上。
2、 可使用无网纹或浅网紋汽缸， 从而可以降低汽缸的生产 成本。 二、 应用于内燃机时的有益效果。
1、 汽缸压缩力提高， 缩短了柴油机的着火落后期， 改善了 柴油机的动力性和经济性；
2、 润滑油消耗减少， 降低了内燃机尾气中的颗粒排放物；
3、 汽缸整体寿命提高 1-2倍；
4、 冷起动性能改善；
5、 怠速稳定性提高；
6、 运转噪音降低；
7、 不存在缸面油膜破坏现象， 明显减少拉虹倾向；
8、 润滑油不易老化， 换油期延长一倍以上。
三、 应用于活塞式空压机时的有益效果
1、 吸气真空度加大， 汽缸密封性加强， 打气快；
2、 压缩气体中含油量少；
3、 汽缸、 活塞的寿命延长 1-2倍。 具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例和应用例来具体地解释本发明， 但本发 明不受这些实例的限定。
实施例 1
将一个汽油机的活塞放入一个金属容器中， 向其中倒入 32 号机成油 2330g , 这时 L械油液面淹没了活塞。 在不导致溅油的 条件下用电加热逐渐升温至 235 °C， 用小勺子分几次于约 15分钟 内撒入由碳酸钠 15g、 亚硝酸钠 15g、 氯化钠 10g、 金属铈粉末 30g 组成的混合物， 这时各种成分在全部固体添加剂与机械油混 合物中所占的重量百分比例分别为： 碳酸钠 0. 63%、 亚硝酸钠 0. 63%、 氯化钠 0. 42%、 金属铈粉末 1. 3%、 机械油 97. %。 当添加 剂加完后， 在约 235 °C下保温 14 小时， 然后断电以使其自然冷 却， 待油浴温度降低至 40Ό时将活塞取出， 作为成品待用。
实施例 1
本实施例各种工艺条件基本上与实施例 1 相同， 所不同之处 只是用含铈的混合稀土金属粉末 （共中铈含量约为 50 重量％)代 替实施例 1中的金属铈粉末。
实施例 3
本实施例的各种工艺条件基本上与实施例 1 相同， 所不同之 处只是将处理对象由原来的汽油机活塞改变为柴油机活塞。
实施例 4
本实施例的各种工艺条件基本上与实施例 1 相同， 所不同之 处只是将处理对象由原来的汽油机活塞变为空压机活塞。
实施例 5
本实施例的各种工艺条件基本上与实施例 1 相同， 所不同之 处只是将处理对象由原来的汽油机活塞改变为柴油机活塞。
实施例 6
本实施例的各种工艺条件基本上与实施例 2相同， 所不同之处 只是将处理对象由原来的汽油机活塞改变为空压机活塞。
下面通过应用例来说明本发明方法的有益效果。
应用例 1 单独处理汽油机活塞时的效果
把在实施例 1中获得的经处理的汽油机活塞应用于一汽发动机 厂出产的 CA6102汽油机中以对公交车的汽油发动机进行改造。 该 汽油机的原设计为： 缸径 X行程 -101. 6麵 X 114. 3腿。 活塞环开口 间隙设计： 第一道气环 0. 5-0. 7讓，第二道气环 0. 4-0. 6醒，第三道 气环 0. 4-0. 6mm,第四道油环 0. 3-0. 5mm。 配虹间隙 0. 02-0. 06mm。 改造后第一道环开口间隙 0. 13mm,第二和第三道环为 0. 10mm,第四 道环为 0. 07mm。 原机镗缸镶缸套珩磨， 使配缸间隙达到- 0. 02mm (过盈，即活塞裙部尺寸比汽缸内径大） -0 (无隙）。 试验证 明， 发动机吸气真空度明显加大， 车辆动力和经济性明显改善。
应用例 2 单独处理柴油机活塞时的效果
把在实施例 3中获得的经处理的柴油机活塞应用于上海柴油机 厂出产的 D6114柴油机中以对公交车的柴油发动机进行改造。 该柴 油机的原设计为： 缸径 X行程 =114讓 X 135mm。 活塞环开口间隙设 计； 第一道气环 0. 4-0. 6mra,第二道气环 0. 4-0. 6mm,第三道油环 0. 3-0. 5腿；配虹间隙 0. 17-0. 23mm.改造后第一道环开口 0. 15mm,第 二道环 0. 20mm,第三道环 0. 07mm。 如釆用浅网紋小直径缸套， 可 使其配缸间隙降到 0. 09I I。 经 2. 5万公里行史，该辆公交车动力性 能良好，燃油消耗较改造前同期平均下降 8. 0%。 润滑油消耗明显减 少， 换油期延长约 1倍， 自由加速烟度小于 2度 （国家标准为 5 度） ， 汽缸压缩力 t是高 20%。 拆机检查结果极为良好， 汽缸套几乎 无磨损， 活塞环磨损量很小， 又装回重新使用。
应用例 3 同时处理汽油机活塞和活塞环时的效果
把在实施例 1中获得的经处理的汽油机活塞与按照类似的微凹 坑腐蚀处理方法获得的活塞环配合应用于一汽发动机厂出产的 CA6102汽油机中以对公交车的汽油发动机进行改造。 所获结果比 应用例 1的结果还要好。 例如， 在改造后， 第一道环的开口间隙可 降至 0. 10mm,第四道环的开口间隙可降至 0. 05隨。 这两个开口间 隙不但要比改造前的开口间隙小得多 （只相当于原开口间隙的 10°/o-20°/o ) 。 而且也明显地小于单用本发明的活塞与常规活塞环配 合时所能达到的最小间隙。 在进行公交车行驶试验时， 所有结果 比应用 1的结果还要好。
应用例 4 同时处理柴油机活塞和活塞环时的效果
把在实施例 3 中获得的经处理的柴油机活塞与按照类似的微 凹坑腐蚀处理方法获得的活塞环配合应用于上海柴油机厂出产的 D6114 柴油机中以对公交车的柴油发动机进行改造。 所获结果比 应用例 2 的结果还要好。 例如， 在改造后， 第二道环的开口间隙 可降低至 0. 18mm。 如采用浅网紋小直径缸套， 可使其配缸间隙降 到 0. 07mm。 这两个间隙不但要比改造前的开口间隙小得多， 而且 也明显地小于单用本发明的活塞与常规活塞环配合时所能达到的 最小间隙。 在进行公交车行驶试验时， 所有结果比应用例 2 的结 果还要好。 工业应用' !·生
由以上的实施例和应用例可以看出， 本发明适用于对包括汽 油机、 柴油才几等各种发动机和空压机在内的各种汽缸活塞的改 造， 可明显地提高活塞和汽缸的工作效率和延长活塞和整个汽缸 的寿命。 并且既节约用油， 又能减少汽车或空压机类排气的污 染。 因此在工业上具有^ ί艮好的前景。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种活塞的化学表面处理方法， 用于减小活塞的表面摩擦 力，
其特征在于 该方法包含下述步骤： 将活塞置于一个容器 中， 倒入机械油至将活塞完全淹没， 然后在不会导致溅油的条件 下逐渐升温至 220-250°C , 向其中均匀撒入由碱金属碳酸盐、 碱金 属亚硝酸盐、 碱金属氯化物和含伸稀土金属粉末组成的混合物， 其中各成分和机才戒油的加入量应符合下列重量百分比：
成分 重量％
碱金属碳酸盐 0.3-1.0%
碱金属亚 肖酸盐 0.3-1.0%
碱金属氯化物 0.20-0.60%
含铈稀土金属粉末 1.0-1.6%
机械油 余量
接着在上述温度下保持 10-24小时，停止加热以使油浴自然冷 却，待油温冷却至 50 °C以下后取出活塞，即为成品。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在 于 其中所说的含铈稀土金属粉末是金属铈的 粉末。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在于 其中所说的碱金属碳酸盐是碳酸钠。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在于 其中所说的碱金属亚硝酸盐是亚硝酸钠。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在于 其中所说的碱金属氯化物是氯化钠。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在于 其中所说的操作温度为 230-240 °C。
7. 如权利要求 1或 6所述的活塞的化学表面处理方法，
其特征在于 其中所说的操作温度的保持时间为 13-16 '} 时。
PCT/CN2002/000784 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un piston WO2003091478A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002367888A AU2002367888A1 (en) 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 Chemical surface treatment method of piston
BR0215726-8A BR0215726A (pt) 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 Processo quìmico para tratar a superfìcie de um pistão
JP2003588000A JP2005523994A (ja) 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 ピストンの表面に化学的処理を施す方法
EP02807291A EP1505175A1 (en) 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 Chemical surface treatment method of piston

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN02118621.9 2002-04-26
CNB021186219A CN1156608C (zh) 2002-04-26 2002-04-26 活塞的化学表面处理方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003091478A1 true WO2003091478A1 (fr) 2003-11-06

Family

ID=4744643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2002/000784 WO2003091478A1 (fr) 2002-04-26 2002-11-04 Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un piston

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1505175A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005523994A (zh)
CN (1) CN1156608C (zh)
AU (1) AU2002367888A1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0215726A (zh)
WO (1) WO2003091478A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10704111B2 (en) 2015-11-02 2020-07-07 Applied Nano Surfaces Sweden Ab Solid lubricant-coated steel articles, method and apparatus for manufacturing thereof and quenching oil used in the manufacturing

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103774140B (zh) * 2014-01-24 2016-02-24 嘉兴希诺动力有限公司 活塞组件的热化处理方法及活塞组件
KR101759500B1 (ko) 2017-01-25 2017-07-19 김지영 엔진 오일 첨가제 및 엔진 윤활 방법
CN107322460B (zh) * 2017-07-14 2019-04-12 中原内配集团安徽有限责任公司 一种缸套工作表面专用处理装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1081742A (zh) * 1993-07-06 1994-02-09 李继富 活塞与活塞环稀土元素表面处理工艺
CN1096565A (zh) * 1994-05-07 1994-12-21 殷宪权 发动机过盈装配技术
JPH07246365A (ja) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-26 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の燃焼室内部に被膜を形成する方法
JPH0827580A (ja) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-30 Toyota Motor Corp アルミニウム合金製構造体およびアルミニウム合金製構造体の表面処理方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1081742A (zh) * 1993-07-06 1994-02-09 李继富 活塞与活塞环稀土元素表面处理工艺
JPH07246365A (ja) * 1994-03-11 1995-09-26 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の燃焼室内部に被膜を形成する方法
CN1096565A (zh) * 1994-05-07 1994-12-21 殷宪权 发动机过盈装配技术
JPH0827580A (ja) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-30 Toyota Motor Corp アルミニウム合金製構造体およびアルミニウム合金製構造体の表面処理方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10704111B2 (en) 2015-11-02 2020-07-07 Applied Nano Surfaces Sweden Ab Solid lubricant-coated steel articles, method and apparatus for manufacturing thereof and quenching oil used in the manufacturing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005523994A (ja) 2005-08-11
CN1156608C (zh) 2004-07-07
BR0215726A (pt) 2005-02-22
AU2002367888A1 (en) 2003-11-10
CN1386904A (zh) 2002-12-25
EP1505175A1 (en) 2005-02-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Hua et al. Research on discriminating partition laser surface micro-texturing technology of engine cylinder
US3333579A (en) Formation of low friction glass-like surface on aluminum silicon alloy for engine operation
JP3903443B2 (ja) リン酸鉄化成面の製造方法
CA1158501A (en) Method of reducing fuel consumption
WO2003091478A1 (fr) Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un piston
WO2012087260A1 (ru) Смазочный состав и способ его приготовления
JP3809082B2 (ja) 磨耗や腐食を受ける機械的部品の表面処理方法
WO2003091479A1 (fr) Procede pour le traitement chimique de la surface d'un segment de piston
US4729729A (en) Rotor housing for rotary piston engines
CN1891803B (zh) 内燃机用纳米润滑油及其制造方法
TW567246B (en) Method for chemically treating piston ring
TW552349B (en) Method of surface treatment for a piston
CN101870903B (zh) 一种金属表面陶瓷合金材料及制备方法
CA2479032C (en) Multifunctional composite coating and process
CN204677309U (zh) 一种带冷却油腔的钢质活塞
CN103666639B (zh) 一种润滑油添加剂
CN110983243B (zh) 一种气缸套表面软氮化处理方法
CN114016108B (zh) 一种高硅高铜压铸铝合金的表面氧化膜及其制备工艺
CN1195048C (zh) 微孔型复合添加剂
RU206682U1 (ru) Устройство для обогащения масла системы смазки легирующим элементом цветного металла
JP2004232058A (ja) コイリング加工性に優れたオイルテンパー線およびその製造方法
CN116251722B (zh) 一种齿轮钢表面硫基自润滑涂层的制备方法
CN108048164B (zh) 表面涂层与纳米润滑剂协同改善内燃机摩擦学性能的方法
JP2006037933A (ja) 高Ｃｒ鋼製ピストン
Wang et al. Surface effect of a PEO coating on friction at different sliding velocities

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2003588000

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2002807291

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2002807291

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 2002807291

Country of ref document: EP