WO2003089347A1 - Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up - Google Patents

Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003089347A1
WO2003089347A1 PCT/UA2003/000010 UA0300010W WO03089347A1 WO 2003089347 A1 WO2003089347 A1 WO 2003089347A1 UA 0300010 W UA0300010 W UA 0300010W WO 03089347 A1 WO03089347 A1 WO 03089347A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
warming
oil
tank
heat
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2003/000010
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Oleksandr Volodymyrovytch Bartenev
Igor Anatolijovytch Kyryllov
Valeriy Volodymyrovytch Kliavlin
Oleksandr Ivanovytch Rovenskiy
Leonid Mykhailovytch Unigovskiy
Ivan Sergiyovytch Chimchenko
Mykola Mykhailovytch Schkvarun
Viatcheslav Dmytrovytch Yakymenko
Andriy Oleksandrovytch Arbusov
Sokrat Nurjzanovytch Djienbaev
Original Assignee
Bartenev Oleksandr Volodymyrov
Igor Anatolijovytch Kyryllov
Kliavlin Valeriy Volodymyrovyt
Oleksandr Ivanovytch Rovenskiy
Unigovskiy Leonid Mykhailovytc
Ivan Sergiyovytch Chimchenko
Mykola Mykhailovytch Schkvarun
Yakymenko Viatcheslav Dmytrovy
Andriy Oleksandrovytch Arbusov
Sokrat Nurjzanovytch Djienbaev
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bartenev Oleksandr Volodymyrov, Igor Anatolijovytch Kyryllov, Kliavlin Valeriy Volodymyrovyt, Oleksandr Ivanovytch Rovenskiy, Unigovskiy Leonid Mykhailovytc, Ivan Sergiyovytch Chimchenko, Mykola Mykhailovytch Schkvarun, Yakymenko Viatcheslav Dmytrovy, Andriy Oleksandrovytch Arbusov, Sokrat Nurjzanovytch Djienbaev filed Critical Bartenev Oleksandr Volodymyrov
Priority to EA200300867A priority Critical patent/EA005258B1/en
Publication of WO2003089347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003089347A1/en
Priority to FI20031863A priority patent/FI20031863A/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/80—Arrangements of heating or cooling devices for liquids to be transferred
    • B67D7/82—Heating only

Definitions

  • the present inventions concern to cargo handling works, in particular, to warming- up and the subsequent tank unloading from hardened viscous material, mainly viscous oil and mineral oil products during the cold seasons of year when viscous oil or viscous mineral oil products under influence of low temperatures of air gets thick and/or hardens, and can be used at petroleum transshipment complexes and also in chemical, oil refinery and other branches of industry.
  • hardened viscous material mainly viscous oil and mineral oil products during the cold seasons of year when viscous oil or viscous mineral oil products under influence of low temperatures of air gets thick and/or hardens
  • the method for circulative warming-up of hardened substances in railroad tanks is known [SU Ns 1.551.624, B65D 88/74, 26.10.1987] in which warming-up is carried out with the help of hot jets of the same substance which are heated up to the set temperature in heat exchanger of the jet device, and this substance moves under pressure in hydrodynamical nozzles for formation of warming-up jets.
  • Advantage of the method is in that watering of oil or viscous mineral oil products cannot take place at all by virtue of nature of the used heat-carrier. Therefore necessity for search of ways on reduction watering is not exist.
  • This method provides continuous influence on said material with jets of a hot diluting material which leave from nozzles of devices (tuyeres), and continuous warming-up of said material in two stages.
  • continuous warming-up is carried out of a part of a material from the hatch to the drain device of the railroad tank with jets directed downwards.
  • continuous warming-up is carried out of all material in the tank with lateral jets by material washing on a screw line in turn from top to down and from below upwards.
  • liquified product is discharged through the hatch of the railroad tank, and on the second - through its drain device.
  • the device is known for warming-up and railroad tank discharge from hardened materials, in particular for warming-up oil and the viscous mineral oil products, containing hoisting bar consisting of two pipelines, placed vertically.
  • One of pipelines is intended for submission of the heat-carrier (steam) submitted with superfluous pressure.
  • the distributive head equipped at an end face and on each side with jet devices with hydrodynamical nozzles, and also with means for overlapping of submission vapor [SU M> 1551624, B65D 88/74, 1990] is established.
  • the device for warming-up of viscous mineral oil products in the tank with steam [SU No 1373637, B65D 88/74, 1988] is also known.
  • the device - prototype contains the vertical bar vapor distributive head connected to it with elements, folding pipes with jets on the ends, and also means for vapor overlapping. And in an element of the vapor distributive head on the side inverted to corresponding end face of the tank, the aperture with a closing element is executed, and folding pipes are connected with the last with an opportunity of said aperture closing at unfolding.
  • each folding pipe in a place of connection to said vapor distributive head has the bent site which is equaled 1/3 lengths of a folding pipe at the end of which a nozzle is located. Folding pipes are established with an opportunity of turn on a corner exceeding 90°.
  • the lack of the device is complexity of a design and insufficiently uniform measure of distribution of heat on volume of oil or mineral oil products filled in the tank. Besides replacement and correct nozzle installation in the device demands carrying out of complex assembly operations, that in turn, has an adverse effect on efficiency of use of the device in general.
  • One more lack of the above mentioned device is insufficiently intensive warming- up process with its help of oil or viscous mineral oil products at low temperature, and also insufficient profitability of warming-up and discharge process of oil and viscous mineral oil. It is caused by that at submission of hot jets of oil or viscous mineral oil products in open space of the tank there is an essential volatile fractions carrying out through the advanced interfaces of the phases, assisting formation of explosive concentration of vapor- gas mixture. Also essential lack of the device is oil or viscous mineral oil products watering in the tank at use of steam as heat-carrier, and also a significant amount of the rests of not discharged oil or viscous mineral oil products in the tank.
  • Tf act - actual temperature of oil in the tank liable to warming up, °C
  • T ⁇ (M - Cp - ⁇ ⁇ ) / (c p - q n )
  • the beginning of tank unloading from oil at the first stage of warming-up is displaced on time relatively to warming-up beginning at this stage on magnitude, smaller than half of duration of the first stage of warming-up ⁇ ).
  • the device for warming-up a viscous material in the tank mainly oil and mineral oil products
  • the first independent duct for submission of heat-carrier pneumatically connected with jet devices directed in parallel to a mirror of said material in the tank and is executed as hollow vertical bar
  • the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier is located in parallel to said first independent duct and near to it and is pneumatically connected with face nozzles directed to a bottom of the tank, and also means for overlapping of the heat-carrier submission.
  • Said vertical bar at its end face is provided with heat-carrier distributive head.
  • the axes of said jet devices are placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head formed among themselves a sharp angle.
  • a pair of spherical cranes are placed on each of said independent ducts.
  • the angle size between axes of said face nozzles of said second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier are within the limits of 135-170°.
  • the angle size between axes of said jet devices placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head, are within the limits of 25-50°.
  • Spherical faucets are placed in the top part of each of said independent ducts for submission of said heat-carrier.
  • Fig. 1 is a temperature diagram of the processes of warming-up of mass of oil and viscous mineral oil products.
  • Fig. 2 - is diagram of warming-up and discharge regime according an example of realization of the method.
  • Fig. 3 is a device for warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products in a tank.
  • Fig. 4 is an arrangement of said device with its orientation concerning generatrix of axes of jet devices (top view) in said tank
  • the method is carried out as follows. At first sight, the direction of warming-up of oil and the viscous mineral oil, connected with use of steam, has a deadlock character. In fact size of a degree of warming-up and size of a degree of watering the material have direct proportional dependences. Thus the arising requirement of reduction in the charge of the heat-carrier (steam), contradicts the requirement of warming-up efficiency.
  • the suggested warming-up and releasing method of oil or viscous mineral oil products from tanks is deprived the specified lacks as it allows to lower a watering level and residual amounts of oil and viscous mineral oil, to reduce the specific charge of the heat-carrier (steam), and also to reduce time of releasing a tank.
  • the given method is based on steam application as the heat-carrier according to the technology taking into account natural properties of crude oil and viscous mineral oil, and also on character of their phase stratification in a tank in conditions of influence of low temperatures.
  • Viscous mineral oil products, as well as oil, are substances with specific physical properties of their components submitted by various hydrocarbons.
  • Paraffin hydrocarbons (Cn n + 2 ) forms a great bulk of oil of them - approximately 50-60 %, and under normal conditions contains as gases, beginning from metane CH 14 up to butane C H ⁇ o, and a liquid - beginning from pentane C 5 H 1 up to pentadecane C ⁇ 5 H 32 .
  • the majority of high-molecular compounds, beginning from C 16 H 34 (with temperature of fusion +18°C) are firm substances.
  • Naphthene hydrocarbons (Cn 2n ) are powerful components of oil. At oil there are also aromatic hydrocarbons (Cn 2n+6 ).
  • the structure and physical properties of oil are determined by ratios in them of various light hydrocarbons and also contents of high-molecular (heavy) hydrocarbons. The contents of heavy hydrocarbons in oil change over a wide range, achieving
  • phase stratification of oil or viscous mineral oil products is determined by the two processes. At reduction in temperature heavy hydrocarbons are allocated in a firm phase. Under action of cavitation forces sedimentation of allocated firm fractions occurs. Sedimentation stops with growth of viscosity friction at the further reduction in temperature.
  • the aforesaid proves efficiency of the two-staged realization of the method.
  • the first stage warming-up of a great bulk of oil or the viscous mineral oil products, released from a significant part of the high-molecular fractions settling on walls and the bottom of the tank is carried out.
  • the problem in the shortest term is solved: to give to oil and viscose mineral oil products mobility necessary for fluidity initiation.
  • the pump For acceleration of this process simultaneously with submission of steam on jet devices the pump is put on of compulsory pumping system that allows due to intensive jet mixing and pumping out action to destroy a pseudo-crystal layer of oil or viscous mineral oil products and to add them mobility.
  • the temperature of hardening (T ha r d ) is the universal characteristic, allowing to judge set of physical properties of oil, such as: viscosity, structure of oil and the contents in it of heavy fractions (the higher temperature of hardening - the more paraffins is contained in oil), a temperature level at which oil or viscous mineral oil products get fluidity, etc.
  • T ha r d the temperature of hardening
  • T hard - temperature of hardening of oil and the viscous mineral oil products specified in accompanying documents, °C;
  • fluidity of warmed up oil or viscous mineral oil products decreases in comparison with optimum modes, and at some excess of this value (for example, in 2 times), fluidity of oil or viscous mineral oil products raises, nevertheless simultaneously raises the consumption of heat-carrier (steam), and also level of watering of warmed-up oil or viscous mineral oil products.
  • the method of warming-up and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products from tanks is realized as follows. Determine the actual temperature T fact of oil warming-up in tanks. Further carry out two-staged warming-up by steam submission with nozzle of submerged heater and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products through the drain valve of the tank, preliminary having been calculated a thermal balance submitted below.
  • ⁇ ⁇ - a gain of temperature of oil or viscous mineral oil products at the first stage of warming-up, °C; T hard - temperature of hardening of oil and the viscous mineral oil products, specified in accompanying documents, °C;
  • thermometer thermocouple
  • the first and second stages are divided among themselves by a technological pause at absence of steam submission. Duration of the teclmological pause is determined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and from results of measurement of variable height of nozzle arrangement of submerged heater concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products. At negative result of values of difference of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and height of nozzle arrangement of submerged heater concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products, a technological pause in steam submission is stopped, that is again steam is submitted that corresponds to the beginning of the second stage of warming-up.
  • a peculiarity of the method is that the beginning of discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products through the drain valve of the tank at the first stage of warming-up, as a rule, coincides with the beginning of warming-up at this stage, or it is displaced in time concerning it on amount, smaller than half of the first stage of warming-up duration, ⁇ i.
  • one of conditions of the beginning of the second stage of warming-up is achievement by a level of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products of a mark 0,6-0,8 m, that counted from a bottom of the tank.
  • the chosen values of a level of oil or viscous mineral oil products allow reserve of time, sufficient for fusion, dissolution and washout of the ground sediments providing completeness of discharge.
  • the consumption of the heat-carrier at the second stage is kept same, as well as at the first stage. It allows to increase in some times intensity of input of thermal energy on a mass unit of oil or viscous mineral oil products at the second stage in comparison with rate of input of heat at the first stage.
  • M 60000 - weight of warmed up oil, kg
  • the first and second stages of warming-up process have been divided by a technological pause at absence of steam submission, but at proceeding of discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products with the help of compulsory system of pumping out.
  • Duration of a technological pause is defined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and depending on results of measurement of variable height of submerged heater nozzles arrangement concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil and viscous mineral oil.
  • Technological pause in steam submission pair has stopped at negative result of a difference value of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products (600 mm) and height of submerged heater nozzles arrangement concerning said mirror (605 mm). Duration of a technological pause in the given example has been 16 minutes. Final discharge has been stopped in 43 minutes after the beginning of warming-up (Fig. 2).
  • the jet device is practically the unique device allowing under certain conditions to use most effectively not only thermal, but also kinetic energy of steam for oil or viscous mineral oil products warming- up. It is made for that by choice of nozzle geometry and development of the optimum form of a flowing part of jet device is possible to control temperature and speed of jets which are formed on its output. In combination these parameters should satisfy most full to technology requirements of warming-up process.
  • the major function of the jet device is suction (pumping) of liquid to its mixing chamber.
  • the mechanism of viscous liquid pumping is connected to overcoming forces which resist shifting of its layers.
  • the significant part of kinetic energy of steam jets is spent for it.
  • the more viscosity of liquid the more these forces especially grow.
  • Forces of resistance are overcome by application of corresponding nozzles operating mode and also their geometry which allows size of depression in confuser changing. Thus for high- viscous liquids it is necessary to create the essentially greater depression, than for low- viscous ones.
  • the experimental method had been proved by technological and constructive expediency of performance of the pipelines, bringing steam separately to jet devices and separately to face nozzles as independent ducts because of various functional purpose of said nozzles and jet devices in warming-up process of oil or viscous mineral oil products.
  • each independent duct for steam supply is equipped with spherical faucet having zero hydraulic resistance. It gives appreciable economic and time effect, in particular at simultaneous processing a set of 10-20 tanks.
  • face nozzles axes of the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier form between itself a variable obtuse angle which effective size is 135 - 170°C.
  • Such face nozzles arrangement allows to localize effectively action of the thermal agent (saturated water vapor) in set area and direction depending on geometrical parameters of the tank (in particular, its diameter, diameter of its drain aperture, type and properties of viscous mineral oil product, features of carrying out of warming-up and discharge process, etc.).
  • the exit for the bottom border of size of opening angle ⁇ results to interferential interaction of jets of the heated up oil or viscous mineral oil products which extend at heating. It causes their merge in a stream equivalent in the mechanical relation to one jet. Intensity of mixing thus falls and the effect of washout is reduced.
  • the arrangement of the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier in parallel the first independent duct and near to it promotes compactness of the device as a whole, in particular necessary from the point of view of the small sizes of tank inlet hatch, that is at input of the device in the tank at and its further work, providing simplicity of service of the device at its operation and carrying out of repair.
  • heat-carrier distributive head 1 Replaceable jet devices 2, face nozzles 3, lifting-dipping bar consisting of independent ducts 4 and 5, on which heat-carrier (steam) is submitted to jet devices 2 and to face nozzles 3, spherical faucets 6 and 7, tap with the nipple 8 for connection to the main heat-carrier (steam) line (not shown), tab 9 for device suspending to the lifting-rotary rack (not shown).
  • Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the device in the railroad tank with its orientation concerning forming axes of jet devices is submitted, the following designations are accepted: D tan k - tank diameter, L tan k - tank length, ⁇ - angle between axes of jet devices.
  • the device works as follows. On the tank with the help of tab 9 device suspending to the lifting-rotary rack (not shown) is carried out. After opening the hatch of the tank, in it immerse the device for warming- up oil and viscous mineral oil. Then open the spherical faucet 6 for leading steam on the pipeline (the second independent path) 5 to the distributive head 1 and face nozzles 3. In warming-up process a vertical column of oil or viscous mineral oil products with the help of face nozzles 3 device sinks in a direction of a bottom of the tank. Then the spherical faucet 7 is opened and on the pipeline (the first independent path) 4 steam is submitted through the distributive head 1 to jet devices 2. Thus jet devices 2 and face nozzles 3 work simultaneously.
  • the achieved parameters of research of inventions efficiency are the following: the height of the residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products in tanks does not exceed 30- 50MM, the degree of oil or viscous mineral oil products watering is only 0,53 %, total time of discharge is reduced in 1,5-2 times and it takes for two stages 40-45 minutes

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Field of the invention: warming-up and subsequent tank unloading from hardened viscous material, mainly viscous oil and mineral oil products during the cold seasons of year. The essence of the invention: In the method steam is submitted in through nozzles of submersible heater, before warming-up actual temperature of the hardened material is measuring, and its warming-up is carried out in two stages divided among themselves by a technological pause at which steam submission is absent, at the first stage of warming-up a gain of temperature of the hardened material is provided, and duration of said technological pause is determined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material, and also from results of measurement of variable height of nozzles arrangement of said submersible heater concerning said mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material, breaking said technological pause in steam submission at negative result of values of measurements difference of depth of said mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material and height of an arrangement of said nozzles of said submersible heater concerning this mirror. In the device for warming-up a viscous material in the tank, mainly oil and mineral oil, comprising the first independent duct for submission of heat-carrier, pneumatically connected with jet devices directed in parallel to a mirror of said material in the tank and executed as hollow vertical bar, the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier, located in parallel to said first independent duct and near to it and pneumatically connected with face nozzles directed to a bottom of the tank , and also means for overlapping of the heat-carrier submission.

Description

METHOD FOR STEAM WARMING-UP OF HARDENED VISCOUS MATERIAL IN TANK WITH SUBSEQUENT UNLOADING AND DEVICE FOR ITS WARMING-UP
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present inventions concern to cargo handling works, in particular, to warming- up and the subsequent tank unloading from hardened viscous material, mainly viscous oil and mineral oil products during the cold seasons of year when viscous oil or viscous mineral oil products under influence of low temperatures of air gets thick and/or hardens, and can be used at petroleum transshipment complexes and also in chemical, oil refinery and other branches of industry.
BACKGROUND ART
The method for circulative warming-up of hardened substances in railroad tanks is known [SU Ns 1.551.624, B65D 88/74, 26.10.1987] in which warming-up is carried out with the help of hot jets of the same substance which are heated up to the set temperature in heat exchanger of the jet device, and this substance moves under pressure in hydrodynamical nozzles for formation of warming-up jets.
Advantage of the method is in that watering of oil or viscous mineral oil products cannot take place at all by virtue of nature of the used heat-carrier. Therefore necessity for search of ways on reduction watering is not exist.
Essential lack of the method known is that its realization is possible only at presence of special installation. And in addition it demands essential power inputs for such elements of the device functioning, as heat exchanger, vacuum and pressure head pumps.
For this reason at warming-up of viscous and stiffened oil or viscous mineral oil products the methods were received wide circulation with use of water vapor as the heat- carrier (saturated and superheated) due to availability and cheapness of steam, and also through relative simplicity of realization of these methods. Nevertheless, the basic lack of these methods is connected with watering of warming-up oil and viscous mineral oil products. Therefore in warming-up methods, connected with use of steam, search of directions for watering reduction becomes priority. The method for warming-up and railroad tank unloading from hardened material is known also. [SU N° 1.549.859., B65D 88/74, 15.03.90]. This method provides continuous influence on said material with jets of a hot diluting material which leave from nozzles of devices (tuyeres), and continuous warming-up of said material in two stages. At the first stage continuous warming-up is carried out of a part of a material from the hatch to the drain device of the railroad tank with jets directed downwards. At the second stage continuous warming-up is carried out of all material in the tank with lateral jets by material washing on a screw line in turn from top to down and from below upwards. Thus at the first stage liquified product is discharged through the hatch of the railroad tank, and on the second - through its drain device.
However the given method, which is two staged, but continuous warming-up of a material is carried out, does not provide the economic consumption of the thermal agent which is used for warming-up of hardened oil and viscous mineral oil products.
The device is known for warming-up and railroad tank discharge from hardened materials, in particular for warming-up oil and the viscous mineral oil products, containing hoisting bar consisting of two pipelines, placed vertically. One of pipelines is intended for submission of the heat-carrier (steam) submitted with superfluous pressure. On the bottom end of this pipeline the distributive head equipped at an end face and on each side with jet devices with hydrodynamical nozzles, and also with means for overlapping of submission vapor [SU M> 1551624, B65D 88/74, 1990] is established.
Essential lack of the device known is insufficiently fast release of the tank from oil and viscose mineral oil.
The device for warming-up of viscous mineral oil products in the tank with steam [SU No 1373637, B65D 88/74, 1988] is also known. The device - prototype contains the vertical bar vapor distributive head connected to it with elements, folding pipes with jets on the ends, and also means for vapor overlapping. And in an element of the vapor distributive head on the side inverted to corresponding end face of the tank, the aperture with a closing element is executed, and folding pipes are connected with the last with an opportunity of said aperture closing at unfolding.
Besides in the bottom part of said closing element which is connected with the help of a bar with a steam line, the aperture also is executed. Each folding pipe in a place of connection to said vapor distributive head has the bent site which is equaled 1/3 lengths of a folding pipe at the end of which a nozzle is located. Folding pipes are established with an opportunity of turn on a corner exceeding 90°. The lack of the device is complexity of a design and insufficiently uniform measure of distribution of heat on volume of oil or mineral oil products filled in the tank. Besides replacement and correct nozzle installation in the device demands carrying out of complex assembly operations, that in turn, has an adverse effect on efficiency of use of the device in general. And in addition the design of a bar with fitting for connection of a steam line does not allow mechanization process of input, a manipulation (including turn) and output a steam-ejecting heater because of bulkiness of the device in working order. It results in an opportunity of use of the device only for manual operation that is to low efficiency of process of the stiffened liquid warming-up in the tank.
One more lack of the above mentioned device is insufficiently intensive warming- up process with its help of oil or viscous mineral oil products at low temperature, and also insufficient profitability of warming-up and discharge process of oil and viscous mineral oil. It is caused by that at submission of hot jets of oil or viscous mineral oil products in open space of the tank there is an essential volatile fractions carrying out through the advanced interfaces of the phases, assisting formation of explosive concentration of vapor- gas mixture. Also essential lack of the device is oil or viscous mineral oil products watering in the tank at use of steam as heat-carrier, and also a significant amount of the rests of not discharged oil or viscous mineral oil products in the tank.
In a basis of the invention creation the problem of an optimum warming-up mode is put for hardened oil or viscous mineral oil products on all volume of the tank in view of its geometry, both in its benthonic part, and on face sites of the tank, reduction of a watering degree of oil and viscous mineral oil, reduction of discharge time of the stiffened mineral oil products and achievements practically full their discharge at the economical vapor consumption in view of quantity (level) of the mineral oil products placing in the tank, and weather conditions of process carrying out by creation of effective local directions of vapor movement, its distributions on volume of the tank, duration of intervals of heating and discharge, and also batching of its submission. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The essence of the inventions consists in the following:
In the method for warming-up with steam of hardened viscous material, mainly oil and mineral oil products, with subsequent tank unloading from it, at which said steam is submitted in through nozzles of submersible heater, before warming-up actual temperature of the hardened material had been measured, and its warming-up is carried out in two stages divided among themselves by a teclmological pause at which steam submission is absent, at the first stage of warming-up a gain of temperature of the hardened material is provided, and duration of said technological pause is determined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material, and also from results of measurement of variable height of nozzles arrangement of said submersible heater concerning said mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material, said teclmological pause is broken in steam submission at negative result of values of measurements difference of depth of said mirror of a bath of residuals of loaded material and height of an arrangement of said nozzles of said submersible heater concerning this mirror.
At the first stage of warming-up a gain of temperature of the oil is provided, determined by the formula:
ΔΘ = (Thard-Tfact) - TR where:
ΔΘ - a gain of temperature of oil at the first stage of warming-up, °C, Thard - temperature of hardening of the oil, specified in accompanying cargo documents,°C,
Tfact - actual temperature of oil in the tank liable to warming up, °C,
TK - the correction temperature factor determined by practical consideration.
Duration of the first stage of warming-up is determined by the formula: Tι = (M - Cp - ΔΘ) / (cp - qn)
where: Ti - duration of the first stage of warming-up, hours, M - weight of warmed up oil in the tank, kg, Cp - specific thermal capacity of oil, kcal/(kg -°C), cp - thermal capacity of saturated vapor at working pressure, kcal / kg, qn - specific losses of saturated vapor on nozzles of submersible heater, kg / hour.
Value of the correction temperature factor determined by practical consideration, is to satisfy to condition TK ≥ 5°C.
The beginning of tank unloading from oil at the first stage of warming-up coincides with the beginning of warming-up at this stage.
The beginning of tank unloading from oil at the first stage of warming-up is displaced on time relatively to warming-up beginning at this stage on magnitude, smaller than half of duration of the first stage of warming-up {τι).
In the device for warming-up a viscous material in the tank, mainly oil and mineral oil products, comprising the first independent duct for submission of heat-carrier, pneumatically connected with jet devices directed in parallel to a mirror of said material in the tank and is executed as hollow vertical bar, the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier, is located in parallel to said first independent duct and near to it and is pneumatically connected with face nozzles directed to a bottom of the tank, and also means for overlapping of the heat-carrier submission.
Said vertical bar at its end face is provided with heat-carrier distributive head.
At end face of the second independent duct in said heat-carrier distributive head even quantity of face nozzles directed to a bottom of the tank are placed in a vertical plane and having common basis. The axes of said face nozzles are formed among themselves an obtuse angle.
The axes of said jet devices are placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head formed among themselves a sharp angle.
As means for overlapping of heat-carrier submission a pair of spherical cranes are placed on each of said independent ducts. The angle size between axes of said face nozzles of said second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier are within the limits of 135-170°.
The angle size between axes of said jet devices placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head, are within the limits of 25-50°. Spherical faucets are placed in the top part of each of said independent ducts for submission of said heat-carrier.
Besides, in said heat-carrier distributive head replaceable jet devices are placed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Inventions are illustrated with diagrams and drawings. Fig. 1 — is a temperature diagram of the processes of warming-up of mass of oil and viscous mineral oil products.
Fig. 2 - is diagram of warming-up and discharge regime according an example of realization of the method.
Fig. 3 — is a device for warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products in a tank. Fig. 4 — is an arrangement of said device with its orientation concerning generatrix of axes of jet devices (top view) in said tank
DETALLED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method is carried out as follows. At first sight, the direction of warming-up of oil and the viscous mineral oil, connected with use of steam, has a deadlock character. In fact size of a degree of warming-up and size of a degree of watering the material have direct proportional dependences. Thus the arising requirement of reduction in the charge of the heat-carrier (steam), contradicts the requirement of warming-up efficiency.
And in addition at warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products the situation with watering becomes complicated owing to firm sediments, which are formed on walls and the bottom of tanks in conditions of action of low temperatures. It demands an additional supply of heat which causes respective increase in watering level.
Thus, at use of warming-up and releasing methods of oil or viscous mineral oil products with application of steam, the big difficulties arise in the decision of a problem of minimization both watering, and residual amounts of oil and viscous mineral oil.
The suggested warming-up and releasing method of oil or viscous mineral oil products from tanks is deprived the specified lacks as it allows to lower a watering level and residual amounts of oil and viscous mineral oil, to reduce the specific charge of the heat-carrier (steam), and also to reduce time of releasing a tank.
The given method is based on steam application as the heat-carrier according to the technology taking into account natural properties of crude oil and viscous mineral oil, and also on character of their phase stratification in a tank in conditions of influence of low temperatures.
Viscous mineral oil products, as well as oil, are substances with specific physical properties of their components submitted by various hydrocarbons. Paraffin hydrocarbons (Cn n+2) forms a great bulk of oil of them - approximately 50-60 %, and under normal conditions contains as gases, beginning from metane CH14 up to butane C Hιo, and a liquid - beginning from pentane C5H1 up to pentadecane Cι5H32. The majority of high-molecular compounds, beginning from C16H34 (with temperature of fusion +18°C) are firm substances. Naphthene hydrocarbons (Cn2n) are powerful components of oil. At oil there are also aromatic hydrocarbons (Cn2n+6). The structure and physical properties of oil are determined by ratios in them of various light hydrocarbons and also contents of high-molecular (heavy) hydrocarbons. The contents of heavy hydrocarbons in oil change over a wide range, achieving
30 %. Gaseous and firm hydrocarbons are dissolved in liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons can be allocated from the last at rise in temperature or at pressure decrease with formation of explosive concentration. Viscosity of oil also changes in rather wide limits. At temperature +50°C kinematic viscosity of oil depending on a deposit changes from 1,2 up to 55MM2/sec. The temperature of hardening of oil at which it loses the mobility (fluidity), changes in limits from -60°C up to +26°C.
The greatest influence on viscosity which defines fluidity of oil and viscous mineral oil, renders the contents of high-molecular (heavy) hydrocarbons. From these reasons at warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products depending on contents of heavy hydrocarbons it is necessary to bring various quantities of heat to receive a necessary gain of temperature.
Thus, the rational technology of warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products would take into account as natural properties of oil and viscous mineral oil, and their phase stratification in conditions of action of low temperatures. Character of phase stratification of oil or viscous mineral oil products is determined by the two processes. At reduction in temperature heavy hydrocarbons are allocated in a firm phase. Under action of cavitation forces sedimentation of allocated firm fractions occurs. Sedimentation stops with growth of viscosity friction at the further reduction in temperature. The general action of these processes results, on the one hand, in formation of firm sediments on walls and, first of all, on the bottom of tanks, and on another — to removal from volume of oil or viscous mineral oil products of a significant part of high-molecular fractions, that appreciablly reduces temperature of hardening of a great bulk of oil and viscous mineral oil. The marked features were taken into account in development of an effective warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products and releasing method from tanks in cold seasons of year.
As oil or viscous mineral oil products get new rheological properties, in particular the lowered temperature of hardening, for giving them it is necessary at the first stage of warming-up to bring essentially smaller quantity of heat (saturated vapor).
At the second (final) stage of warming-up the problem of releasing completeness and clearing of inner walls of tank from dense sediments of oil or viscous mineral oil products is put forward. The basic mechanism of their removal is dissolution and washout of the rests due to rise in temperature and intensive mixing of the rests of oil and viscous mineral oil.
The requirement for additional quantity of heat arising at the final stage, is also insignificant due to insignificant and quickly reduced volume of oil or viscous mineral oil products removed. Thus the major technological effect expressed in essential reduction of watering of oil and the viscous mineral oil products which are warmed up by the help of steam is achieved.
The aforesaid proves efficiency of the two-staged realization of the method. During the first stage warming-up of a great bulk of oil or the viscous mineral oil products, released from a significant part of the high-molecular fractions settling on walls and the bottom of the tank is carried out. Thus the problem in the shortest term is solved: to give to oil and viscose mineral oil products mobility necessary for fluidity initiation.
For acceleration of this process simultaneously with submission of steam on jet devices the pump is put on of compulsory pumping system that allows due to intensive jet mixing and pumping out action to destroy a pseudo-crystal layer of oil or viscous mineral oil products and to add them mobility.
As is known, the temperature of hardening (Thard) is the universal characteristic, allowing to judge set of physical properties of oil, such as: viscosity, structure of oil and the contents in it of heavy fractions (the higher temperature of hardening - the more paraffins is contained in oil), a temperature level at which oil or viscous mineral oil products get fluidity, etc. Thus a necessary gain of temperature ΔT at oil or viscous mineral oil products warming-up expects under the formula:
ΔT = (Thard -Tfact) +Tκ [°C] (1) where:
Thard - temperature of hardening of oil and the viscous mineral oil products, specified in accompanying documents, °C;
Tfact -actual temperature of oil and the viscous mineral oil for warming up, °C, measured directly, by means of the thermometer (thermocouple); TK - the correction temperature factor determined in the experimental way, °C.
The experimental estimation of influence of phase stratification of oil in conditions of action of low temperatures on ΔT has allowed to determine the following positions.
On the temperature diagram (Fig.l) the processes proceeding at warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products are submitted. On this diagram the area, which settles down below value Thard marked in cargo documents of parameters of crude oil or viscous mineral oil products, is darkened.
If the temperature of oil or viscous mineral oil products is reduced up to the certain level, the high-molecular connections of hydrocarbons allocated into a firm phase as inclusions and conglomerates, under action of forces of gravitation fall in the liquid environment of oil or viscous mineral oil products and are deposited at tank bottom.
As a result of this process the part of high-molecular connections is brought out from a great bulk of oil or viscous mineral oil products due to that the temperature of their hardening (Thard) is reduced up to the level which is taking place on the diagram in dark area (Fig. 1). Thus the size of a necessary gain of temperature for finding by oil and mineral oil products fluidity is determined under the formula (2):
ΔΘ = (Thard -Tfact) - TK [°C] (2)
The size of a necessary gain of temperature at warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products actually decreases for 2T = 10°C, that follows from calculation of a difference of these quantities under the formula (3):
ΔT -ΔΘ = (Thard -la* +TK) - [Thard -Tfact - TK] = 2TK = 10°C (3)
It is the important teclmological gain which allows due to reduction of steam quantity to lower watering on the average at 0,84 % in comparison with technology of warming-up which does not take into account phase stratification of oil or viscous mineral oil products.
It has been assigned by researches that value of correction temperature factor TK in the formulas (1-3) would satisfy to condition T > 5°C.
At smaller value fluidity of warmed up oil or viscous mineral oil products, decreases in comparison with optimum modes, and at some excess of this value (for example, in 2 times), fluidity of oil or viscous mineral oil products raises, nevertheless simultaneously raises the consumption of heat-carrier (steam), and also level of watering of warmed-up oil or viscous mineral oil products.
By experimental way also it has been established, that the beginning of oil or viscous mineral oil products discharge at the first stage of warming-up can coincide with the beginning of warming-up at this stage, or can be displaced in time concerning it on amount which does not exceed half of duration of the first stage warming-up ti.
After excess of this value general time for material discharge from tanks will increase during the first and second stages, tOhat is will decrease productivity warming-up and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products from tanks.
The method of warming-up and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products from tanks is realized as follows. Determine the actual temperature Tfact of oil warming-up in tanks. Further carry out two-staged warming-up by steam submission with nozzle of submerged heater and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products through the drain valve of the tank, preliminary having been calculated a thermal balance submitted below.
At the first stage of warming-up the gain of temperature of oil and the viscous mineral oil products, determined under the formula (2) is provided:
ΔΘ = (Thard -Tfact) - TK where:
ΔΘ - a gain of temperature of oil or viscous mineral oil products at the first stage of warming-up, °C; Thard - temperature of hardening of oil and the viscous mineral oil products, specified in accompanying documents, °C;
Tfact - actual temperature of oil and the viscous mineral oil for warming up, °C, measured directly, by means of the thermometer (thermocouple);
TK - the correction temperature factor determined in the experimental way, satisfying to condition TK ≥ 5°C.
Further determine the necessary quantity of the heat-carrier (steam) Qn under the formula (4):
Qn = M • Cp • ΔΘ / Cp = [6000κr • 0,5 kcal / (kg • °C)] ■ 5°C / 600 kcal / kg = 250r (4) where: M - weight of warmed up oil or viscous mineral oil products in the tank, kg;
Cp - a specific thermal capacity of oil, kcal / (kg • °C); cp - a thermal capacity of saturated water vapor (steam), kcal / kg.
Duration of the first stage of warming-up is determined further under the formula: τι = Qn /qn = (M - Cp - ΔΘ) / (Cp - qn) (5) where: τι - duration of the first stage of warming-up, hours; qn - specific consumption of saturated water vapor (steam), submitted on submerged heater nozzles, kg / hour; Cp - specific thermal capacity of oil or viscous mineral oil products, kcal / (kg °C); cp — a thermal capacity of saturated water vapor (steam) at working pressure, kcal / kg.
The first and second stages are divided among themselves by a technological pause at absence of steam submission. Duration of the teclmological pause is determined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and from results of measurement of variable height of nozzle arrangement of submerged heater concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products. At negative result of values of difference of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and height of nozzle arrangement of submerged heater concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products, a technological pause in steam submission is stopped, that is again steam is submitted that corresponds to the beginning of the second stage of warming-up. A peculiarity of the method is that the beginning of discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products through the drain valve of the tank at the first stage of warming-up, as a rule, coincides with the beginning of warming-up at this stage, or it is displaced in time concerning it on amount, smaller than half of the first stage of warming-up duration, τi.
Thus, one of conditions of the beginning of the second stage of warming-up is achievement by a level of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products of a mark 0,6-0,8 m, that counted from a bottom of the tank. The chosen values of a level of oil or viscous mineral oil products allow reserve of time, sufficient for fusion, dissolution and washout of the ground sediments providing completeness of discharge. The consumption of the heat-carrier at the second stage is kept same, as well as at the first stage. It allows to increase in some times intensity of input of thermal energy on a mass unit of oil or viscous mineral oil products at the second stage in comparison with rate of input of heat at the first stage. Thus necessary thermal and temperature conditions are created, which allow to involve in full measure the mechanism of dissolution of firm sediments in a combination to effectively working mechanism of hydrodynamical mixing and washout. Due to it oil discharge completeness and efficiency of cleaning of surfaces of walls and a bottom of the tank is achieved.
Example of realization of the method. The diagram of a mode of warming-up and discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products on the suggested method is shown on
Fig.2.
Dark oil has been warmed up in 60-ton tank (M = 60.000 kg) under following conditions: Thard = +8°C; Tfact = -2°C; temperature of air -10°C. At the first stage of warming-up the gain of temperature of oil and the viscous mineral oil, determined under the formula (2) is provided:
ΔΘ = (Thard -Tfact) - Tκ = 8°C - (- 2 °C) - 5 °C = +5 °C
Further the necessary amount of the heat-carrier (steam) Qn has been determined under the formula (4):
Qn = M -Cp • ΔΘ/cp = (60000 kg • 0,5 kcal / (kg ■ °C) • 5°C/600 kcal / kg = 250 g (4) where:
M = 60000 - weight of warmed up oil, kg;
Cp = 0,5 - a specific thermal capacity of oil, kcal / (kg • °C);
ΔΘ = 5 - size of a necessary gain of temperature, °C; Cp = 600 - a thermal capacity of saturated water vapor (steam) at working pressure, kcal / kg.
Then time of the first stage of warming-up has been determined under the formula (5): τi = Qn / qn = 250 kg / (650 kg/hour) = 0,38 hour = 23 minutes where:
Qn = 250 - amount of saturated water vapor (steam), required at the first stage of warming-up, kg; qn = 650 - specific consumption of saturated water vapor (steam), submitted on submerged heater nozzles, kg / hour
The beginning of discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products at the first stage of warming-up has coincided with the beginning of warming-up at this stage (Fig. 2).
The first and second stages of warming-up process have been divided by a technological pause at absence of steam submission, but at proceeding of discharge of oil or viscous mineral oil products with the help of compulsory system of pumping out.
Duration of a technological pause is defined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products and depending on results of measurement of variable height of submerged heater nozzles arrangement concerning a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil and viscous mineral oil.
Technological pause in steam submission pair has stopped at negative result of a difference value of depth of a mirror of a bath of residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products (600 mm) and height of submerged heater nozzles arrangement concerning said mirror (605 mm). Duration of a technological pause in the given example has been 16 minutes. Final discharge has been stopped in 43 minutes after the beginning of warming-up (Fig. 2).
Purpose and function of the device is in the following. The jet device is practically the unique device allowing under certain conditions to use most effectively not only thermal, but also kinetic energy of steam for oil or viscous mineral oil products warming- up. It is made for that by choice of nozzle geometry and development of the optimum form of a flowing part of jet device is possible to control temperature and speed of jets which are formed on its output. In combination these parameters should satisfy most full to technology requirements of warming-up process.
Only insignificant gain of temperature is necessary for giving fluidity to light oil and to viscous mineral oil products with low temperature of hardening (up to 10°C), that essentially reduces necessary amount of the heat-carrier, and from here, and time of its submission. Besides through increased contents in such oil or viscous mineral oil products of flying compounds, even local overheating of oil or viscous mineral oil products is undesirable as it can lead to intensive evaporation. The gain of temperature of 20-30°C and more is necessary for giving fluidity to high- viscosity oil and to viscous mineral oil products with high temperature of hardening that essentially increases necessary amount of heat and time of its submission. In these conditions the jet device should work in a mode of high-temperature heating and high speeds of expiration of generated jets, providing their high penetrating ability in volume of high- viscosity liquids.
The major function of the jet device is suction (pumping) of liquid to its mixing chamber. The mechanism of viscous liquid pumping is connected to overcoming forces which resist shifting of its layers. The significant part of kinetic energy of steam jets is spent for it. The more viscosity of liquid, the more these forces especially grow. Forces of resistance are overcome by application of corresponding nozzles operating mode and also their geometry which allows size of depression in confuser changing. Thus for high- viscous liquids it is necessary to create the essentially greater depression, than for low- viscous ones.
The experimental method had been proved by technological and constructive expediency of performance of the pipelines, bringing steam separately to jet devices and separately to face nozzles as independent ducts because of various functional purpose of said nozzles and jet devices in warming-up process of oil or viscous mineral oil products.
Thus each independent duct for steam supply is equipped with spherical faucet having zero hydraulic resistance. It gives appreciable economic and time effect, in particular at simultaneous processing a set of 10-20 tanks.
Besides equipment by spherical faucets provides incontestable operational advantages in comparison with valve faucets usual in known devices. In fact steam overlapping in the given device becomes possible at turn of a spindle only at 90°.
In turn, accommodation of spherical faucets in the top part of each of independent ducts of heat-carrier submission promotes convenience and facilitates access to faucets at steam submission / overlapping in device service.
As it has been experimentally established, face nozzles axes of the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier form between itself a variable obtuse angle which effective size is 135 - 170°C. Such face nozzles arrangement allows to localize effectively action of the thermal agent (saturated water vapor) in set area and direction depending on geometrical parameters of the tank (in particular, its diameter, diameter of its drain aperture, type and properties of viscous mineral oil product, features of carrying out of warming-up and discharge process, etc.).
In turn, performance in a horizontal plane of jet devices placed in heat-carrier distributive head, replaceable, allows to re-adjust quickly the device by selection of jet devices with the necessary geometrical sizes depending on type and properties of the viscous mineral oil products subjected to warming-up and discharge. Thus nozzles replacement and a correct establishment in the device do not demand complex assembling operations, that, in turn, positively affects efficiency of use of the device in general.
It has experimentally been established, that size of opening angle α, formed by axes of jet devices in each pair which choice also depends on tank geometrical sizes (its length and diameter), should make 25-50 °. In said borders of sizes of opening angle conditions for intensive mixing and uniform warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products in all tank volume are provided.
Thus high-speed jets of steam, heated up oil and mineral oil products collide with a cylindrical surface, strengthening effect of washout of sediments in the bottom part of the tank. The picture is observed visually as defined channels in a thickness of benthonic sediments along directions of movement of jets which testifies to dynamics of their expansion.
The exit for the top border of size of opening angle α, equal 50°, does not allow with sufficient efficiency to bring heat to the most remote parts of volume of mineral oil products which adjoin to end faces of tank.
The exit for the bottom border of size of opening angle α, equal 25°, results to interferential interaction of jets of the heated up oil or viscous mineral oil products which extend at heating. It causes their merge in a stream equivalent in the mechanical relation to one jet. Intensity of mixing thus falls and the effect of washout is reduced. The arrangement of the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier in parallel the first independent duct and near to it promotes compactness of the device as a whole, in particular necessary from the point of view of the small sizes of tank inlet hatch, that is at input of the device in the tank at and its further work, providing simplicity of service of the device at its operation and carrying out of repair.
Into structure of the device for oil or viscous mineral oil products warming-up in tank (Fig. 3) enter: heat-carrier distributive head 1, replaceable jet devices 2, face nozzles 3, lifting-dipping bar consisting of independent ducts 4 and 5, on which heat-carrier (steam) is submitted to jet devices 2 and to face nozzles 3, spherical faucets 6 and 7, tap with the nipple 8 for connection to the main heat-carrier (steam) line (not shown), tab 9 for device suspending to the lifting-rotary rack (not shown).
Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the device in the railroad tank with its orientation concerning forming axes of jet devices is submitted, the following designations are accepted: Dtank - tank diameter, Ltank - tank length, α - angle between axes of jet devices.
The device works as follows. On the tank with the help of tab 9 device suspending to the lifting-rotary rack (not shown) is carried out. After opening the hatch of the tank, in it immerse the device for warming- up oil and viscous mineral oil. Then open the spherical faucet 6 for leading steam on the pipeline (the second independent path) 5 to the distributive head 1 and face nozzles 3. In warming-up process a vertical column of oil or viscous mineral oil products with the help of face nozzles 3 device sinks in a direction of a bottom of the tank. Then the spherical faucet 7 is opened and on the pipeline (the first independent path) 4 steam is submitted through the distributive head 1 to jet devices 2. Thus jet devices 2 and face nozzles 3 work simultaneously.
In the beginning of warming-up process with use of jets from face nozzles 3, directed from top to bottom, the vertical channel in the center of the tank from a zone of an arrangement is washed away from nozzles 3 arrangement zone to its bottom. Further contents of the tank by horizontal jets from jet devices 2 are washed away. On warming-up of zone of the drain valve of the tank, carried out for 3-5 minutes, steam submission on face nozzles 3 is stopped with the help of the spherical faucet 6.
The further warming-up of oil or viscous mineral oil products is carried out with the help of horizontal jet devices 2. In 20 minutes steam submission on jet devices 2 is stopped, and turned on the pump of compulsory pumping out of oil or viscous mineral oil products from the tank.
In discharge process at decrease in a level of oil or viscous mineral oil products to a mark of 0,6-0,8 meters from a bottom of the tank, before end of discharging again steam is submitted on jet devices 2. Submission pair stop the spherical faucet 7 after naking of jet devices 2 due to falling a level of oil or viscous mineral oil products in the tank owing to discharge. After that the device is taken from the tank which practically does not contain the rests of oil and viscous mineral oil.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The achieved parameters of research of inventions efficiency are the following: the height of the residuals of oil or viscous mineral oil products in tanks does not exceed 30- 50MM, the degree of oil or viscous mineral oil products watering is only 0,53 %, total time of discharge is reduced in 1,5-2 times and it takes for two stages 40-45 minutes

Claims

1. A method for warming-up with steam of hardened viscous material, mainly oil and mineral oil products, with subsequent tank unloading from it, at which said steam being submitted in through nozzles of submersible heater, before said warming-up actual temperature of the hardened material having been measured, and said warming-up being carried out in two stages divided among themselves by a technological pause at which steam submission absent, at the first stage of said warming-up a gain of temperature of the hardened material being provided, and duration of said technological pause being determined depending on results of measurement of variable depth of a mirror of a bath of rests of loaded material, and also from results of measurement of variable height of nozzles arrangement of said submersible heater concerning said mirror of a bath of residuals of loaded material, said teclmological pause being broken in steam submission at negative result of values of measurements difference of said depth of said mirror of a bath of residuals of loaded material and said height of an arrangement of said nozzles of said submersible heater concerning this mirror.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at the first stage of said warming-up said gain of temperature of the oil being provided, determined by the formula:
ΛΘ = (Thard- Tfact) ~Tκ where: Θ - gain of temperature of oil at the first stage of warming-up, °C,
Thard - temperature of hardening of the oil, specified in accompanying cargo documents,°C,
Tfact - actual temperature of oil in the tank liable to warming up, °C, TK - the correction temperature factor determined by practical consideration,
3. The method of claim 1, wherein duration of said first stage of said warming-up being determined by the formula: T1 =; (M - Cp - ΔΘ) / (Cp - qn)
where: Ti - duration of the first stage of warming-up, hours, M - weight of warmed up oil in the tank, kg, Cp - specific thermal capacity of oil, kcal/(kg -°C), cp - thermal capacity of saturated vapor at working pressure, kcal / kg, qn - specific losses of saturated vapor on nozzles of submersible heater, kg / hour.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein value of the correction temperature factor determined by practical consideration, being to satisfy to condition TK > 5°C.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beginning of said tank unloading from oil at said first stage of warming-up coinciding with the beginning of warming-up at this stage.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the beginning of said tank unloading from oil at said first stage of warming-up being displaced in time relatively to warming-up beginning at this stage on value, smaller than half of duration of said first stage of warming-up (τi).
7. A device for warming-up a viscous material in the tank, mainly oil and mineral oil products, comprising the first independent duct for submission of heat-carrier, pneumatically connected with jet devices directed in parallel to a mirror of said material in the tank and executed as hollow vertical bar, the second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier, located in parallel to said first independent duct and near to it and pneumatically connected with face nozzles directed to a bottom of the tank, and also means for overlapping of the heat-carrier submission.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein said vertical bar at its end face being provided with heat-carrier distributive head.
9. The device of claim 7, wherein at end face of said second independent duct in said heat-carrier distributive head even quantity of face nozzles directed to a bottom of said tank being placed in a vertical plane and having common basis.
10. The device of claim 7, wherein the axes of said face nozzles forming among themselves an obtuse angle.
11. The device of claim 7, wherein the axes of said jet devices being placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head formed among themselves a sharp angle.
12. The device of claim 7, wherein as means for overlapping of heat-carrier submission a pair of spherical faucets being placed on each of said independent ducts.
13. The device of claim 10, wherein the angle size between axes of said face nozzles of said second independent duct for submission of the heat-carrier being within the limits of 135-170°.
14. The device of claim 11, wherein the angle size between axes of said jet devices placed in a horizontal plane at opposite sides of said heat-carrier distributive head, being within the limits of 25-50°.
15. The device of claim 12, wherein said spherical faucets are placed in the top part of each of said independent ducts for submission of said heat-carrier.
16. The device of claim 7, where replaceable jet devices being placed in said heat- carrier distributive head.
PCT/UA2003/000010 2002-04-19 2003-03-18 Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up WO2003089347A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200300867A EA005258B1 (en) 2002-04-19 2003-03-18 Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up
FI20031863A FI20031863A (en) 2002-04-19 2003-12-18 Method for Steam Heating and Disassembly of Cured Viscous Material in a Container and Apparatus for Heating the Material

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UA2002043277 2002-04-19
UA2002043276 2002-04-19
UA2002043276 2002-04-19
UA2002043277 2002-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003089347A1 true WO2003089347A1 (en) 2003-10-30

Family

ID=34395758

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/UA2003/000010 WO2003089347A1 (en) 2002-04-19 2003-03-18 Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EA (1) EA005258B1 (en)
FI (1) FI20031863A (en)
WO (1) WO2003089347A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2494951C1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2013-10-10 Генрих Филиппович Левшин Discharge-fill platform
RU198271U1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-06-29 Никита Александрович Трофимов DEVICE FOR RECIRCULATING HEATING AND DRAINING OF CURING AND VISCOUS PRODUCTS FROM THE TANK

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1373637A2 (en) * 1985-12-29 1988-02-15 Днепропетровский государственный университет им.300-летия воссоединения Украины с Россией Arrangement for warming up viscous petroleum products in a tank with steam
SU1511177A1 (en) * 1986-11-14 1989-09-30 Н.М. Ставицкий Method of draining oil at low temperature
SU1549859A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1990-03-15 Белорусское Отделение Всесоюзного Государственного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Энергетики Промышленности Method of heating and draining setting-prone material from railway tank
SU1551624A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1990-03-23 Белорусское Отделение Всесоюзного Государственного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Энергетики Промышленности Apparatus for heating and discharging setting-prone materials from railway tank
RU2029718C1 (en) * 1991-01-02 1995-02-27 Виктор Аркадьевич Вохминцев Facilities for hardened product heating

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1373637A2 (en) * 1985-12-29 1988-02-15 Днепропетровский государственный университет им.300-летия воссоединения Украины с Россией Arrangement for warming up viscous petroleum products in a tank with steam
SU1511177A1 (en) * 1986-11-14 1989-09-30 Н.М. Ставицкий Method of draining oil at low temperature
SU1549859A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1990-03-15 Белорусское Отделение Всесоюзного Государственного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Энергетики Промышленности Method of heating and draining setting-prone material from railway tank
SU1551624A1 (en) * 1987-10-26 1990-03-23 Белорусское Отделение Всесоюзного Государственного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектно-Конструкторского Института Энергетики Промышленности Apparatus for heating and discharging setting-prone materials from railway tank
RU2029718C1 (en) * 1991-01-02 1995-02-27 Виктор Аркадьевич Вохминцев Facilities for hardened product heating

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2494951C1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2013-10-10 Генрих Филиппович Левшин Discharge-fill platform
RU198271U1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-06-29 Никита Александрович Трофимов DEVICE FOR RECIRCULATING HEATING AND DRAINING OF CURING AND VISCOUS PRODUCTS FROM THE TANK

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA005258B1 (en) 2004-12-30
FI20031863A (en) 2004-02-19
EA200300867A1 (en) 2004-08-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6673231B2 (en) Method for removing sludge in crude oil tank and recovering oil therefrom
EP3377726B1 (en) Solid chemicals injection system for oil field applications
RU2301250C1 (en) Hydrocarbon feedstock distillation process and plant
WO2003089347A1 (en) Method for steam warming-up of hardened viscous material in tank with subsequent unloading and device for its warming-up
RU2682130C1 (en) Method of transporting of viscous refined oil products and railway tank for its implementation
US3248093A (en) Refractory slurry mixer and applicator
US3305138A (en) Apparatus for storing and distributing heated asphalt mix
Hands Problems due to superheating of cryogenic liquids
RU130605U1 (en) DEVICE FOR MELTING PACKED-UP SOLID AND VISCOUS OIL PRODUCTS, PREFERREDLY POLYMERIC-MODIFIED BITUMENS
US20210215522A1 (en) Metering device for temperature-controlled beverages
WO2008130064A1 (en) Emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus using heavy oil and waste oil
RU2307975C1 (en) Method of transporting liquids through pipeline
RU2362116C1 (en) Machine for preparing of emulsion, emulsion explosive material and for charging boreholes with prepared emulsion explosive material
RU2204514C1 (en) Method of and device for heating and draining high-viscosity products from containers
CN110258254B (en) Spreading structure for epoxy asphalt spreading vehicle and use method thereof
US1082512A (en) Apparatus for the manufacture of plate-ice.
CN104611687B (en) A kind of metal works phosphating plant
RU2112733C1 (en) Method of heating and draining residual fuel oils from rail tank cars
RU2701175C1 (en) Method and device for cleaning the liquid quantity meter from asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits
US2663590A (en) Phosphorizing nozzle
RU60500U1 (en) PLANT FOR DRAINING HIGH-VISCOUS AND FROZEN PRODUCTS FROM RAILWAY TANKS
RU2743263C1 (en) System for receiving and dispensing crude oil from reservoir at low temperatures
US2164228A (en) Phosphorus charging method and apparatus
CN111911813B (en) Oil pipeline system and oil product treatment method in oil pipeline
RU2789197C1 (en) Mobile oil preparation installation in early production technology

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200300867

Country of ref document: EA

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BY CA CN DE DK EE FI GB IS KG LT LV NO PL RU SE TJ TM UA UG US UZ

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 20031863

Country of ref document: FI