US2663590A

US2663590A - Phosphorizing nozzle

Info

Publication number: US2663590A
Application number: US80083A
Authority: US
Inventors: James R Wyatt
Original assignee: Ajax Metal Co
Current assignee: Ajax Metal Co
Priority date: 1947-05-16
Filing date: 1949-03-07
Publication date: 1953-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 1970-12-22

Description

Dec. 22, 3.953 J. R. WYATT 2,663,590

PHOSPHORIZING NOZZLE Original Filed May 16, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR IQI I II I {I I Il II IIII IIHIHI .MHV H. mmm! -m MIIII. QN

I wwwww I J. R. WYATT PHOSPHORIZING NOZZLE Dec. 22, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 riginal Filed May 16, 1947 INVENTOR NM @v 4 Sheets-Sheet 1N ENToR Y Ilmlx.

ilrlll l El J. R. WYATT PHOSPHORIZING NOZZLE Dec. 22, 1953 original Filed May 16, 1947 Dec. 22, 1953 J, R, WYATT 2,663,590

PHosPHoRIzING NozzLE original Filed May 16, 1947 y 4 sheets-sheet 4 INVENTOR ORNEYS Patented Dec. 22, 1953 Eto :1 :My :inventien fmelates te mapa/rams fer :nlxoiia phorizing and especasla,1 .Sfm :phosphor 'sappen A nventonifistbducetheia cident nate :and er vielixn'inmae V4mue ,gheam Al'rzmdinfp'lfmsphorizing.. v

farmer @purpose Vsis ttu :ieiimnate the smoke nuisance "finement ste presem methods of nanos- Uhriing. A further purp'oses wineresebhe :also increase `he rate ef fphosphorus :absarpstinn by mixen meta-1 nt; yield .Pand vpermid', A further purpnse iis www copper mmsnhonasnefm nnasphorizing. f

eaka'g'e incident :to @hanging :phusphenus -metal fby vnf @phosphorus *va-per lmoceeding I have hesen to r11-Imate .inventin 44e @engin sw, be

.i faisais-ana endemica-mgm thefdrawings:

Widely known e meblevinnir im A i n ,e wnvertedfto ren-fphosrpherusfwhm @and Offlligher memngimi-n @heien-@123mm akingmhgspher meer has been @1w @wat when sphoepharus 15h a. protective layer of copper, and to cli-erge the @newwiesi'eakesnfaunes@Gewinne-#hemmen cepnenmreenably belg /th ceof .thebai'h, lhisyhasheema ha ou Qcegpatiorysit 'Ifnespmsentfinvenmrinasmerimemqedewimhgmis technique and mesig'nedamzapparam's 'fsfthis The :mbbrem huwevernismqt fsimpe is-v-ane'girammutiewexitiealfutenm 60.

3 almost inevitably some part of the retort or connections will operate at a temperature favoring the formation of red phosphorus, and at such locations red phosphorus accumulates rapidly, clogging the apparatus and necessitating frequent shut-downs for cleaning. Since the apparatus is initially thoroughly filled with phosphorus vapor, and white phosphorus is retained in many parts of the equipment, cleaning is a very hazardous` occupation, and it becomes a question whether it is not safer to use the welll known practice of charging copper coated cakes of white phosphorus. Added to this is the certaintythat any leakage of phosphorus vapor from the retort may have fatal consequences to workmen.

' Burns U. S. Patent No. 2,164,228 applies molten phosphorus to metal by an apparatus which is essentially a dropping funnel suspended above the molten metal bath, in which phosphorus is melted below water, and from which it is dropped under valve control into a nozzle beneath the surface of the metal. This presents the difficulty of exposing the entire mechanism to the heat of the molten metal bath, and hazarding diiiculty or danger through leakage, since the dropping funnel must be opened periodically to introduce cakes o f white phosphorus.

' In accordance with the present invention, the difficulties of the various prior art `processes are overcome Without appreciable increase in the cost of the operation.

It has been foundthat by the present invention, the ,loss in phosphorizing copper can be cut to of the loss presently encountered in charging coppercoated cakes of white phosphorus', At

the same time the smoke nuisance is largely eliminated. vHandling of thephosphorus by the individualworker can be entirely eliminated. The stepof copper coating the phosphorus is rendered unnecessary. The process is'made continuous, with'very excellent control over both the total amonut of phosphorus alloyed, and the rate of alloying. The speed of alloying Acan be increased beyond that at present practiced.

The hazard through accident or. impairment f health is practically eliminated, both from handling of phosphorus and from phosphorus molten metal, thus maintaining a temperature which will prevent formation of 'red phosphorus.'

A Considering rstthe'formlof Figures l and 2, I provide a tank'-conveniently open at thetop, andmade frornfa'ny'suitable material su'ch as steel or stainless steel, .The tank is lled to a convenient heightw'ith inert liquid 2|, suitably water. As the purpose of me inert iiquid-is partially -heat transfer, partially prevention of combustion of White phosphorus, and partially displacement of phosphorus, it will be evident that water is the preferred inert liquid, but that other suitable inert liquids may be used, as, for example, phosphoric acid or, where the rire hazard can be controlled, a mineral oil such as kerosene (kerosene is not recommended because of the fire 4 hazard). The tank 231s heated by any suitable means, such as gas burner 22 having a gas connection 23, an air inlet 24 and a combustion gas flue 25 suitably passing up through the tank 20.

Within the tank 20, two pools of molten phosphorus 26 'and 21 are located, each having upon its surface a pool of

inert liquid

28 or 29, which U will be desirably identical with the inert liquid 2 The pool of molten phosphorus 23 and of inert liquid 28 is contained within a tank 30, and the pool of molten phosphorus 21 and of inert liquid 29 is contained within the tank 3|. Both tanks are suitably of steel or stainless steel, in heat transfer relation with the tank 20, and the pool of inert liquid 2| contained therein. The tanks 30 .nad 3| may suitably be supported on a frame 32 in the bottom of the tank 20.

Access to the interior of the tank 3| is not nec-` essary in the process, and one of the advantages of the process is the'fact that the head 33 of tank 3| can be permanently gasketed'or welded on at 34 to prevent the possibility of leakage, andY particularly to prevent the possibility of any escape of phosphorus vapor, if vapors should be carried back from the discharge nozzle.

On thev other hand, the head 35 of tank 30 is removably bolted and gasketed at 3S, so that it can be readily removed to introducewhite phos-V phorus to be melted in the pool 26. ,f

The melting tank 30 is connected through its head 35 to a source of inert liquid under pressure; This is conveniently a pump 31 driven by a motor 38 having inlet at 39 from the pool 2| and discharging at 40 through flexible connections controlled by valve 4|, the discharge passin directly to the pool of inert liquid 28. A

The head 35 of tank 30 is also conveniently provided with a safety valve 42.

To permit transfer of molten phosphorus from pool 26 to pool 21, a connection 43 extends to near the bottom of pool 26 in tank 2D, through union 44 and valve 45 to pool 23 above pool21 in tank 3|. Tank 3| is equipped with mechanism 'to introduce a measured quantity of inert liquid into pool 29'. This is accomplished by pump 48 driven by motor 41 having inlet at148 (desirably connected to the pool 2|, but broken away to avoid compli-` cation in the drawing) and discharging through connection 49, relief valve Ell', pressure 'gauge 5|, ovv meter 52 (rotating type) and flow meter 53 (variable orifice type), check valve 54, and valve 55 to'the head 33 of tank 3|. An overflow valve to permit discharge of inert liquid from pool 29 in tank 3| is provided at 5B.

As a means of checking the level of molten phosphorus in tank 3 I, oat 5'! is provided in float column extending to the bottom of the molten phosphorus, open at the bottom and closed at the sides, and having indicator stem .59 in cover glass S0, closed at the top. The combinedweight of the float and indicator is chosen so that it is' less than the weight of the phosphorus displaced by the parts4 submerged in phosphorus, but greater than the weight oi the inert liquid'dis'- placed by the total submerged'parts if they were in inert liquid. All of this of course presupposes the weight of the molten phosphorus and inert liquid at the particular temperature at which they are held. Thus the float will iioat on molten phosphorus but Will sink in inert liquid, the inert liquid being lighter than the molten phosphorus, and the position of the iloatwill always indicate the top of the pool 21. Y.

From the dispensing pool 21, discharge is @C- complished to a discharge nozzle 6| below the $3 'bwa eomieetion .ol-extenong mathe .bettomfof the pooll'. t ismportan't f lihatithe @hose photos fshouii not solidify diseueige een` neetion ano should not 4get :hot fito 'florian 'hos'phorus lthere, :and ltlie'zefifie the disharge-uonnec on is 'iaoketed preferably 'lby `"inthi -e'feifiquiufs tabry withdrawn-eh ai., at the preferred temperature `fo about 1F30 "is jaeeonxpi'ishei bye pump P65 driven 1by motor 165" fwhieh has E6 to ooi 2i fano isharges etfoi t water eeeketfee ingip'o'dl.

{forni 'o La eiose 'tank preferably 'ieitenufmg to a height 'substantially above the-pools izo and The water column 1,5 is provided with 'a 'liquid reve-1 ygauge We, suitably for the frsigni 'giass *familiar in boilers. 'fixiert fi'iquiu vvinlet "is proviued to the inert liquid column by a connectionlrom pump 'o1 feentroued'byveive "Hi 'anu feonyeientiy entering y'near 'the l="c'lo'sed of the v"liquid eoium'n.

scharge "of inert 1liquid afrom Ta 'point Auongiifgas *underpressure suitably auen-compressor 'e2 .driven by 'motor te sito fdieerfargurg egimpressedsaiithroug'heonnectionsoarfdvivefoute .fm'il'gures ienui'zftrre nozzle is df eonicalfiorm asimietertferomonas@ coniearinteiofbore 8'1 est'ehiing *from euditoeuiiaertillyanueommunicating with connection 674. nozzle "is made of suitable fmfractory material, preferably graphite.

InEig-ures and- 5 I rillustrateea variantform of nozzlel I which .is .suitably tubular in exterior dimension oontains *an interior 'conical bore 81 enlarging from the inlet @to the outlet. Ellfe 'ole Bil "J'is Emosteonvenientty Fmanufaeturel by boring-@clit 2a graphite `electric fumnace il'eti'ode iothi siinilanoarbonrefraitoiyylinen whe -zle mounted Yin a metalli@ '"nozzle 'flfrold'er 88 lfaing affsideopening'or nneciin 'la `"'ur ea'ziladistanibi-itiony aainberilindfa ohaige 'foiioe 9| imfined 4`"l a'bove "loife B v'Illre "nozzle holder a ibiil'ar SoIQtZJQZ iliieh'fifeeeives --the .opper ene fthe nozzieisft, making vaporetightffseal bywa :fsteel bellows 93 betweenthe end of the nozzle and the base of the -sooktan'da packing 94fc`lanpe'd againstltlieiside "f "the 'nozzle "by 'a p'aking fing 95 `suitably threaded on the nozzle holder. The nozzle is held in the holder and drawn up tight against the 'ieveifefitheimeneiiuieieifsz .im u einrumen-mueve 6 peeking :es :tyrants si eeungbetweeuiseuiai 91 Kentire holder 4mail vve. ysplit ring ist attached im areeess 99-onfthemozzle iut :intervals around :the circumference for nozzle abovetheaottom-.opening illl of thelbore, jet openings 191 #are provided extending radially and preferably y'fuorizmvarzily A"sin angle, as best seen Figure #L #It 'nos been round in fan-'am tice that phosphorus drops through 'liche souifloe 9i, is -fexpeljleu im 'fiets through 'the e't epen'mgs 1 hi., eiftening for l-oonsiuerable fiietanees im the molten'-metailsuiwounuingtheprince, -anitnusibeeifeetivelyabso'rlbe. "Whenithe @volume-io? wapo' nteo great 'to fisfiarge through fthe -tet operi-ings 1| nfl, "it is, -of :oeuf-se, Lfnfee ato discharge through the-fendfopemng flUll, @but :the penetration 2nite 'the molten bath iis likely Vto be 7less fex ten'sive yand lozere -uepenienee placed upon fuir lus/ion fand istiring of 't'h'e 'bath "to `obtaiizi 'orlnitydofphosphoizing l ftinasbeen teunu'iinfprafctiee with thei'etiofthe type of Figures 3, 4 and "n "a baffh'vfa'e quateesize toffmaiiitein itlife'v pre'ferablymitoot 'erfmorebelow the fsurifaoet'hat there li'sne serious fianger of :phosphorus vapornot 1f-*being bsobeuibyftnenlten copper. ne an aoitionel promotion, ilrowever, against `this feentingency is desirable to carbon `Lon @the 'ibetn uit T82. aoni'rto Ynietinten an 'adequate supply Yoi ein' soi'trrat ftnefcon'ditiorrs iee--oxiizii'lg above the n ,aneanypossble @phosphorus schlug-ing fwour ipe #oxidized s"to finos-- phorusfpentoxioe. "Tinsffeaturefisepreeeiutfonam, however, as `the smallamourit eff smoke and -fyi'eliinuieateithit Tuttle T151iosplrorus fis fiest. itl-1e nozzle the holes iHH ima? `linge andthe @be 4lost, the vvapor:illzvafssfnxg' upward yalong the lfinitsiue surface of fthe nozzle jinviti/rout r'tuiequraite feontaot with 1f/he 'meta-fl. -I illustrate fan l:aumiliati" enlargement, ri'fin'g or shell 5I-'05 a'fround tlre *nozle aboveithe openings IUI, which assures deflection of'a`-1wil11`sh ifngwapor outwardly, and #adequatefefotact 'the 'meltenim'tal Y v in making phosphor jcopper fthe -iopertion-ds usuanyeontintreu-.untl'- `"tout lires Menem biIred, thepercentagebeingsomewhat eritielifas j Iease fof nigher yril-respirorus eontents the illoy'fxnay {ke 1Inf operatonftheLapparati-xsfisfsetupas theigas-lorfotnerrulburnefbeingmntainediso thatthe #linertT-liuuit L'(Wae'r) TAixf'ill preferabiybefait ytltemperature 'of about 160 to 180 F. in theipol If any mistake is made in charging by which 'pieces or fragments of phosphorus drop into the pool 2|, no serious harm is done as the pool 2| provides protection from fire and the phosphorus will 'simply remain at the bottom of the tank 2U, from which it may be removed. l y In order to transfer phosphorus from pool 26 to pool 21, valve 45 in the connection 43 between the tanks and 3| is opened, overilow valve 56 on tank 3| is opened, and with pump 31 operating, valve4| is opened to apply inert 'liquid pressure to pool 28 on pool 26 in tank 30. This results in forcing molten phosphorus from melting pool 26 through connection 43 into tank 3|, where it drops into and forms part of dispensing pool 21. The level of molten phosphorus in pool 21 is shown at all times by float 51 on indicator 59, the molten phosphorus of the pool communicating with the float through the open bottom of column 60. As soon as suiiicient phosphorus has arrived inpool 21, valves 4|, 45 and 55 are closed and pump 31 is turned off.

In order to phosphorize, using the form of Figures 1 and 2, the nozzle 6| is inserted well below the level of the molten metal in furnace 63, manipulating the nozzle by means of universal joint 13. Pump 64 is started so that the exposed portions of connection 64 are Well heated by the warm inert liquid from pool 2|. To begin phosphorizing,pump 46 is started and valve 55 is opened to permit inert3liquid to enter pool28, and discharge valve 14 is opened to permit phosphorus to be displaced from pool 21 and discharge through the nozzle. Valves 55 and 14 are adjusted to obtain the desired flow as shown by flow meters 52'and 53. The quantity of phosphorus discharged by the nozzle can be determined, since it is equal to the quantity of inert liquid passing through the

flow meters

52 and 53. The change in level of the noat 51 can be used as a check, and to be sure that the pool 21 is not completel The phosphorus dropping through the bore of the nozzle is very rapidly vaporized in-the nozzle and discharged as vapor into the molten metal. In most cases, molten-phosphorus never actually reaches the surface of the molten metal, but if it-does it is very rapidly vaporizedjand the vapor carried into the molten metal. Where a nozzle of the type of Figures 3, 4 and 5 is used, this vaporization results in jets discharging through the jet openings lill into the molten metal.

In the form of Figure 3, the pool 26 is lled as above described. With all other valves closed, the air bleed 84' from the inertY liquid column is opened. Pump 31 is started, and valve 13 opened to introduce inert liquid through connection 11 to a suitable level at the upper part of the gauge, if the inert liquid level be unduly low. Valves 18 and 84' are then closed. Pump 82 is started and valve 85 opened to apply air pressure to the top of the-inert liquid column, tending to force the inert liquid out of the column. Valve 88 is opened to connect the bottom of the inert liquid column with the pool 29 above the phosphorus dispensing pool 21. The nozzle 6| is suitably immersed well below the level of the molten metal 62 as shown in Figure 3, and the dispensing valve 14 opened. Molten phosphorus from the pool 21 is now displaced through the connection 64 which is of course suitably heated by the heating jacket 68 supplied with 8 heated inert liquid through pump 65 as previously explained. The rate of dispensing of molten phosphorus can be gauged by the W meter 8|, and the total quantity of phosphorus discharge can be gauged by the difference in level ofv inert liquid on the gauge 16, which will correspond with the volume of phosphorus dispensed. This method of gauging is preferred because it is more accurate than the ow meter method.

It will be evident that by the present invention it is possible to introduce phosphorus to a molten metal bath without handling of the material from the time it is first charged for melting, and even this can be done by handling a drum and without individual handling of cakes. It will further be evident that at the time that dispensing takes place, the connection to the melting pool through the valve 45 is closed, so that the danger through leakage of the melting tankis avoidedl It will also be evident that during dispensing, the molten phosphorus in the dispensing pool is protected not only by the pool of inert liquid covering it, but also by the inert liquid being supplied from the pump or from the inert liquid column.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain all orpart of the benefits of my invention without copying the apparatus shown, and I, therefore, claim' all such insofar as they fall Within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claim.

,Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

In a phosphorizing apparatus, a metering de-v vice dispensing molten phosphorus at a controlled rate, a nozzle head connected with the metering device and having a-socket provided with an opening, a carbon refractory nozzle element having a longitudinal bore tapering from a smaller cross section near an inlet end to a larger cross section near an opposite outlet end, and having a ring of radial holes outwardly dif rected from the bore to the outside nearvr the outlet end, the nozzle element tting into the socket at the inlet end of the nozzle, a collar surrounding and engaged-with the refractory, of the nozzle element located at a positionl inter'- mediate between the inlet and outlet ends and screws extending longitudinally at spaced points around the circumference and interconnecting the collar with the nozzle head.

JAMES R. WYATT.

References onse in the me of this patent UNITED sTATEs PATENTS Number v Name Date 153,311 Bristol July 21, 1874 627,728 Gould June 27, 1899 1,423,650 Decuir July 25, 1922 1,612,456 Marron Dec; 28, 1926 1,644,290 Titcomb et al Oct. 4, 1927 1,686,833 Moore Oct. 9, 1928. 1,803,425 Cunningham May 5, 1931 1,832,873 Milner Nov. 24, 1931 1,837,339 Schlick Dec. 22, 1931 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 106,956 switzerland Jan. 2, 1925